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GENERAL  (iEORGE  ROGERS  C:i>ARK. 
Taken  from  a  miniature  In  posBcssion  of  JelTerson  K.Clark,  Esq  ,  of  St.  l.ouiB,  Mo. 


CONQUEST 

OF  THE  COUNTRY 

NORTHWEST  OF  THE  RIVER  OHIO 

1778— 1783 

AND 

LIFE  OF 
GEN.  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK 


OVER  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  TWENTY-FIVE  ILLUSTRATIONS 


WITH  NUMEROUS  SKETCHES  OF  MEN  WHO  SERVED  UNDER  CLARK  AND  FULL  LIST  OF 

THOSE  ALLOTTED  LANDS  IN  CLARK'S  GRANT  FOR  SERVICE  IN  THE 

CAMPAIGNS  AGAINST  THE  BRITISH  POSTS.  SHOWING 

EXACT  LAND  ALLOTTED  EACH. 


BY 

WILLIAM  HAYDEN  .ENGLISH 

President  Indiana  Historical  Society 


VOLUME   U. 


INDrANAPOLIS,  IND.,  AND  KANSAS  CrTY,  MO. 

THE  BOWEN-MERRILL  COMPANY 
1896. 


^; 


A.'&^i'^^'g 


Copyright  1S95 

BY 

WILLIAM  HAYDEN  ENGLISH 


§TRATION§ 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Vol.  II. 


Page. 

PoETEAiT  OP  George  Rogers  Clark  (Frontispiece  Vol.  2) 588 

Ilh'steations  (half  title) 591 

Hamilton  and  Lamothb  Sent  in  Ikons  to  "Williamsburg 616 

Fac-simile  Letter  op  Thomas  Jefferson  Decli.ning  to  Release  Gover- 
nor Hamilton  from  Captivity 644 

PoRTR.AiT  OP  Little  Turtle 695 

Signature  of  John  Baley 701 

Signature  of  Richard  Harrison 701 

Signature  op  Edw.ihd  AYorthington 701 

Signature  of  Thomas  Quick 701 

Signature  of  Robert  George 701 

Signature  of  John  Gibson 710 

Clark's  Forces  Leaving  Pittsburgh,  1781 719 

Lochry's  Defeat 728 

Signature  of  Phillibert 739 

Signature  op  Pierre  Gamelin 739 

Signature  of  L.  E.  Denline 740 

Signature  of  Le  Grand 740 

Monument  to  Fourteen  Soldiers  Killed  by  Indians  in  1783 751 

Death  op  Colonel  John  Floyd 752 

Fort  Nelson 755 

Map  op  Northwest  Territory  and  the  Thirteen  Original  States 767 

The  Seal  op  the  Territory  of  the  United  States  Northwest  op  the 

River  Ohio 773 

Death  op  Joseph  Rogers 773 

Map  op  Northwest  Territory  with  Notes  of  Some  Historical  Dates 
and  Places 776 

(593) 


594  LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Page. 

SiGNATVRE    OF    BeNJAMIN    HaREISON,  GOVERNOR  OF  VIRGINIA 783 

Clark  Driving  the  Indians  prom  Cofncil  Chamber 793 

Signature  of  Sajicel  Hopkins 803 

Portrait  of  John'  Rice  Jones 808 

SiGNATfUE  OF  John  Rice  Jones 808 

Portrait  of  Gener.\l  Clark  in  His  Old  Age  Copied  from  Oil  Paint- 
ing IN  Vincennes  University 817 

Patent  Issiied  by  the  State  op  Virginia  for  the  Land  in  Clark's 

Grant 834 

Official  Map  of  Clark's  Grant 851 

SiGNATi-HE  of  Walker  Daniel 855 

Signature  of  William  Croghan 856 

Signature  op  John  Edwards 856 

Signature  of  John  Campbell .-. 856 

SiGNATVKE  OP  James  F.  Moore 857 

Signature  of  Richard  Taylor 857 

Signature  op  Robert  Breckenridge 857 

Signature  op  Alexander  Breckenridge 858 

Signature  op  George  Rogers  Clark  (after  he  was  paralyzed) 858 

Portrait  of  Joseph  Bartholomew 859 

Portrait  op  Andrew  P.  Hay' 860 

Signature  op  Abram  Bowman 862 

Ruins  op  Clark's  Old  Mill 863 

Supposed  Chimney  op  Fort  Finney 863 

Governor  Posey's  Old  Residence  at  Jeffersonville 864 

Portrait  op  Marston  G.  Clark 866 

Signature  op  Marston  G.  Clark 866 

Clark's  Residence  in  Clarksville 868 

Sn'ORD  op  General  Clark  (2  plates) 874,  875 

Presentation  op  Sword  to  General  Clark 885 

House  Where  General  Clark  Died— Residence  of  His  Sister,  Lucy 

Croghan 889 

Diagram  op  the  Clark  Graves 900 

Graves  of  General  Clark   and  Others  op  the  Clark   Family,  Cavb 

Hill 902 

Clark  Statue  and  Pedestal  in  Monument  Place,  Indianapolis 906 

Portrait  op  Jacob  Burnett 909 

Portrait  of  Reuben  T.  Durrett 911 

Portrait  op  John  Fiske 912 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS.  595 


Page. 

Portrait  of  John  B.  Dillon 912 

Portrait  of  John  Reynolds 912 

Portrait  of  Henry  Pirtle 913 

Portrait  of  James  A.  Garfield 914 

Portrait  op  Theodore  Roosevelt 914 

Portrait  of  John  W.  Daniel 915 

Portrait  op  George  F.  Hoar 915 

Portrait  op  Lewis  Collins 916 

Portrait  op  Lyman  P.  Draper 916 

Portrait  op  Samuel  Merrill 917 

Portrait  of  Burk  A.  Hinsdale 918 

Portrait  op  Jacob  P.  Ddnn 918 

Portrait  op  John  Randolph 918 

Portrait  op  Jambs  Parton 919 

Portrait  op  Daniel  W.  Voorhees 920 

Portrait  op  David  Turpie 920 

Portrait  op  John  Sherman 921 

The  Bewildered  Guide 924 

Signature  op  John  Sanders 927 

Signature  op  Daniel  Boone 927 

Novel  Pioneer  Money 928 

Virginia  Currency  Payable  in  Tobacco 930 

Signature  of  Richard  Brashear '. 935 

Signature  op  Buckner  Pittman 937 

Signature  of  John  Paul 941 

Signature  op  General  Charles  Scott 948 

Signaturi;  of  xVttorney-General  Harry  Innbs 948 

Signature  of  Honorable  J.  Brown,  of  Kentucky 948 

Robert  J.  Todd's  Commission  as  Major 948 

Portrait  op  Levi  L.  Todd,  Senior 950 

Portrait  of  Doctor  Robert  N.  Todd 950 

Signature  op  William  Whitley 952 

Signature  op  Abram  Chapline 958 

Signature  of  James  Bigger 967 

Signature  op  Shadrach  Bond,  Senior 967 

Signature  op  Valentine  T.  Dalton 967 

Signature  op  Peter  Priest 967 

Signature  of  Isaac  Van  Metre 967 

Signature  of  Isaac  Yates 967 


596  LIST  OF  ILLUSTR,VTIONS. 


Page. 

SicxATURE  OF  James  Whitecottox 967 

PoKTKAiT  OP  George  Rogers  Clark  in  His  Old  Age 968 

Portrait  of  Bland  Ballard 973 

Bi.Axi)  Ballard's  Escape  from  the  Indians 975 

Signature  of  Isaac  Bowman 979 

Signature  of  John  Bowman 979 

Signature  of  Richard  Rue 985 

Richard  Rue  Running  the  Gauntlet 986 

Portrait  of  Joseph  Holman 988 

Portrait  of  George  Holman 988 

Portrait  of  Lucy  Croghan,  Sister  of  General  Clark 990 

Portrait  of  General  Clark's  Sister,  Ann  Gwathmey 990 

Portrait   of    Eleanor   Elting    Temple,    General  Jonathan   Clark's 

Daughter 990 

Signature  of  General  Jonathan  Clark 991 

Signature  of  Sarah  Clark 991 

Signature  of  William  Aylett  Booth 997 

Skjnature  of  Rebecca  Booth 997 

Signature  of  William  Booth 997 

Portrait  op  Samuel  Gwathmey 997 

Signature  op  John  Gwathmey 998 

Signature  of  Captain  Edmund  Clark 1001 

Portrait  op  Major  George  Croghan 1005 

Medal  Voted  to  Major  Croghan  by  Congress  (two  plates) 1005 

Croghan  Monument,  Fremont,  Ohio 1007 

Signature  op  Richard  Clough  Anderson 1008 

Signature  of  Governor  Charles.Anderson 1009 

Signature  op  Governor  William  Clark 1012 

Portrait  of  Governor  William  Clark 1011 

Fao-simile   of  the   Entry   op  Judge  William  Clark's  Death  on  the 

Records  op  St.  Xavier's  Church,  Vincennes 1017 

Portrait  of  Jefferson  K.  Clark,  Son  of  William  Clark 1019 

Big  Knives  (Finis) 1019 

Clark's  Statue,  Indianapolis 1021 


Contents  of 
Cbaptcrs 


(d     e) 


CONTENTS  OF  CHAPTERS. 

Vol.  II. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

THE    CAPTIVITY     OF    LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR     HAMILTON 

AND  OTHER  BRITISH   OFFICERS  AND   SOLDIERS 

SENT  TO  VIRGINIA  AS  PRISONERS. 

Hamilton's  version  of  their  treatment  at  Vincennes — Who  the  prisoners  were — 
Captains  Williams  and  Rogers  with  twenty-five  men  convey  the  prisoners  to 
Virginia — Instructed  by  Colonel  Clark  to  see  that  prisoners  be  provided  with 
all  necessaries — Hamilton's  account  of  the  journey,  and  description  of  condi- 
tion of  the  Americans — Governor  Henry's  letter  announcing  the  capture  of 
A'incennes — Hamilton  put  in  irons  and  confined  in  a  dungeon  in  retaliation 
for  cruelties  inflicted  on  American  prisoners — He  bitterly  denounces  treat- 
ment of  himself  and  colleagues — Governor  of  Virginia  acted  on  advice  of 
the  executive  council — He  explains  and  justifies  his  action — Correspondence 
between  General  Washington  and  Governor  Jefferson  on  the  subject — Se- 
verity of  treatment  finally  relaxed — Fac-simile  of  a  letter  of  Jefferson  in  re- 
lation to  Hamilton — Release  on  parole  offered  prisoners — Accepted  by  some — 
Declined  at  first  by  Hamilton,  but  finally  accepted — Important  letters,  etc., 
on  the  subject — Leaves  Virginia  for  New  York — Recites  troubles  encountered 
on  the  way — Reaches  British  comrades  in  New  York  in  wretched  condition — 
Is  at  last  exchanged  and  sails  for  England — His  subsequent  career. ...605-662 

CHAPTER  XV. 

COLONEL  CLARK    RETURNS  TO  THE    FALLS    OF   OHIO— CON- 
DITION  OF  AFFAIRS  THERE. 

Fort  near  mouth  of  Ohio  determined  upon — Develops  his  plans  in  a  general 
order — Also  in  a  letter  to  Governor  John  Todd — Letter  of  Todd  to  Governor 
Jefferson  approving  Clark's  plans — Clark  proceeds  to  mouth  of  Ohio  early 

(59«) 


CONTENTS  OF  CHAPTERS.  599 


in  17S0 — Builds  Fort  Jefferson  a  few  miles  below — Intended  for  a  settlement 
and  garrison  combined — Besieged  by  Indians — Heroic  defense — Captain 
George  Owens  and  his  descendants — Garrison  finally  relieved — Indians  with- 
draw from  its  vicinity — Perilous  journey  made  by  Clark  from  Fort  Jefferson 
to  Harrisburg — British  and  Indians  invade  Kentucky — Clark's  campaign 
against  the  Indians  at  old  Chillicothe  and  Piqua — Distressing  particulars  of 
death  of  Joseph  Rogers — Clark  returns  to  Kentucky — Deplorable  condition 
of  affairs  there,  at  Fort  Jefferson  and  the  Illinois — Official  letters  on  the  sub- 
ject— Sketch  of  George  Slaughter  and  Silas  Harlan — Fort  Jefferson  finally 
abandoned 663-696 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

CONTEMPLATED     CAMPAIGN     AGAINST     DETROIT     IN     17S1— 
LOCHRY'S   DEFExVT. 

Council  of  war  to  consider  an  expedition  against  the  British  at  Detroit,  or  "the 
Floridians  on  the  Mississippi" — Early  action  delayed — Clark  visits  Virginia 
and  aids  in  driving  out  the  British — Secures  Governor  Jefferson's  approval  of 
an  expedition  against  Detroit — Is  commissioned  brigadier-general  thereof — 
Letter  from  General  Washington  approving  theexpedition,  promising  military  > 
stores  and  Continental  troops — Letters  of  Jefferson  and  others  on  the  subject 
— Colonel  Gibson's  regiment  promised  to  Clark — Promises  not  fulfilled  and 
expectations  not  realized — Country  weary  of  war — Troops  and  army  supplies 
hard  to  secure — Draft  made  but  unsatisfactory — Clothing  scarce — Paper 
money  nearly  worthless — Letters  of  Clark  upon  the  discouraging  situation — 
Bears  up  bravely  under  disappointments — Starts  from  Pittsburgh  with  but 
four  hundred  of  the  two  thousand  men  expected — Events  of  voyage  to  falls  of 
the  Ohio — Colonel  Lochry's  command  fails  to  join  Clark  at  the  appointed 
time  and  place — Follows  on  and  is  disastrously  defeated — Distress  of  Colonel 
Clark  at  the  defeat  of  Lochry  and  failure  of  campaign  against  Detroit — 
Colonel  Crockett's  letter  defending  Colonel  Clark's  conduct 697-734 

CHAPTER  XVH. 

BAD  CONDITION  OF  AMERICAN  AFFAIRS  IN   KENTUCKY  AND 

THE  ILLINOIS. 

Memorial  of  the  people  of  Vincennes — Letter  of  Captain   Baley,  commandant 
of  the  post  there — Colonel  John  Floyd  writes  of  the  situation  in  Kentucky — 


6oO  COXTEN'l'S  OF  CHAPTERS. 


Colonel  Flovd  killed  by  Indians — Colonel  Slaughter  and  others  write  gloomily 
of  the  situation — Clark  immediately  engages  in  putting  matters  into  better 
sh.ipe — Ascertains  strength  of  the  Kentucky  militia — Builds  Fort  Nelson — 
SiiLj'^ests  to  the  governor  of  ^'irgjnia  a  system  of  armed  boats  on  the  Ohio 
— Uses  a  gun-boat  between  the  falls  and  the  Licking — Indian  depredations 
continue — Disastrous  battle  of  Blue  Licks  in  August,  17S2 — Rising  of  the 
people  to  carry  the  war  into  the  enemy's  country — General  Clark  marches, 
at  the  head  of  a  thousand  men,  against  the  Indian  towns  on  the  Little  Miami 
and  destro\s  them — Indians  amazed  at  unexpected  development  of  the  strength 
of  the  Americans  and  never  afterwards  invade  Kentucky  in  force — An  appro- 
priate ending  of  the  successful  part  of  General  Clark's  military  career. 

735-7''^o 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 

ALL  PROSPECT  OF  THE  BRITISH  CONQUERING  THE  COLO- 
NIES TERMINATES   WITH   SURRENDER  OF  CORNWALLIS. 

Negotiations  ended  in  treatj'  of  peace  of  17S3 — These  negotiations  called  atten- 
tion more  particularly  to  the  great  beneht  General  Clark's  services  had  been 
to  the  countr_)' — He  had  captured  from  the  enemy  a  vast  territory,  and  being 
in  possession  it  \vas  included  in  the  boundaries  of  the  new  government — But 
for  this  the  boundary  might  have  been  the  Ohio  river,  or  the  Alleghany 
mountains — Importance  of  the  conquest — Triumph  of  Clark  and  his  sol- 
diers— Seal  of  the  Northwest  Territory' — Importance  of  that  territory. 

761-778 

CHAPTER  XIX. 

CLARK,   RELIEVED   FROM    MILITARY   SERVICE,  RETIRES   DIS- 
APPOINTED  AND   DISTRESSED. 

\'irginia.  exhausted  by  the  war,  failed,  for  a  time,  to  sufficiently  provide  for  Clark's 
troops — He  is  finally  retired  from  service — Letter  of  go\ernor  of  \^irginia  to 
Clark — Letter  from  Clark  to  the  governor,  disclosing  his  financial  distress — 
Asks,  in  vain,  for  a  portion  of  what  is  due  him — Similarity  of  treatment  of 
Clark  and  \'igo— Letter  from  Vigo  to  Clark — Comments  on  the  treatment  of 
Clark — Retires  to  Kentucky  neglected,  disappointed  and  distressed — Injurious 
cfTect  on  his  health  and  habits — Remains  in  comparative  obscurity'  until  made 
a  commissioner  in  17S5  to  treat  with  certain  Indian  tribes — Some  incidents  at 
the  treaty 779~794 


CONTENTS  OF  CHAPTERS.  6oi 


CHAPTER  XX. 

WABASH  AND  MIAMI  INDIANS,  ENCOURAGED  BY  THE  BRIT- 
ISH, BECOME   HOSTILE  TO  THE  AMERICANS— CAM- 
PAIGN AGAINST  THEM  DETERMINED  UPON. 

General  Clark  placed  in  command — The  situation  communicated  to  the  Gov- 
ernor of  \'irginia  by  Clark  and  John  May — Ofiicers,  Kentucky  military  dh- 
ti-ict,  racct  in  council — Right  to  impress  military  supplies  declared — Expedi- 
tion marches  by  land  to  Vincennes — Provisions  forwarded  by  water,  delayed 
and  spoiled — Expedition  delayed  at  Vincennes — March  in  demoralized  con- 
dition— A  portion  revolt  before  reaching  enemy  and  return — Clark  over- 
whelmed with  grief — French  inhabitants  no  longer  friendly — Clark  determines 
to  garrison  Vincennes — Is  dri\cn  by  necessity  to  impress  supplies  for  his 
troops — Takes  some  Spanish  property — Commissary  appointed — Regular 
accounts  kept  of  property  taken — His  conduct  misrepresented — Virginia  and 
congress,  without  waiting  for  his  explanations,  condemn  it — This  action  hasty 
and  inconsiderate — Opinions  of  disinterested  persons — Clark  returns  to  the 
falls  full  of  disappointment — Finallj'  meditates  an  expedition  in  the  interest 
of  the  French  against  the  Spaniards  on  the  Mississippi — Accepts  French 
commission — Issues  a  proclamation — Expedition  abandoned — Effect  of  the 
movement  beneficial  in  hastening  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi — Opinion 
of  Governor  Shelby'  and  others 795-S24 

CHAPTER  XXI. 

CLARK'S  GRANT— THE  OFFICERS  AND  SOLDIERS  OF  THE  ILLI- 
NOIS  REGIMENT,  AND  THE  LAND  ALLOTTED  TO  EACH. 

825-S60 

CHAPTER  XXn. 

THE  LATTER  YEARS  OF  GENERAL  CLARK'S  LIFE  AND  HIS 

DEATH. 

Clarksville,  Indiana,  and  vicinity — George  Rogers  Clark's  connection  therewith 
— Is  stricken  with  paralysis  at  that  place — Amputation  of  his  leg — Virginia 
presents  him  a  sword  and  pension — The  subject  of  sword  presentations  to 
him  considered — He  lingers  long  in  a  feeble,  and  finally  helpless,  condition — 


6o2  CONTEXTS  OF  CHAPTERS. 


Dies  at  his  sister's  house   in  Kentucky  in   iSiS — Mis  will— Controversj  in 
relation  thereto,  and  other  events  connected  with  his  illness  and  death. 

S61-S96 

CHAPTER  XXIII. 

Burial  place  of  George  Rogers  Clark — Location  of  the  graves  of  the  Clark 
f.unilv  in  Cave  Hill  Cemetery — Inscriptions  on  the  grave-stones — Visit  of  the 
author  to  these  graves — Reflections  upon  there  being  no  monument  to  honor 
(General  Clark's  memory — Steps  taken  to  secure  one  in  connection  Avith  the 
great  Indiana  soldiers'  monument  at  Indianapolis — Successful  eftbrts  in  that 
direction — Description  of  the  monument — Abortive  movements  of  Ken- 
tuckv  and  the  United  States  to  erect  a  monument — Opinions  of  eminent 
men  of  George  Rogers  Clark  and  his  services  to  his  country S97-922 

CHAPTER  XXIV. 

ADDITIONAL   SKETCHES  OF  MEN   WHO   SERVED   UNDER 
GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 

John  Sanders — Major  Thomas  Qiiick — Captain  Richard  Brashear — Lieutenant 
Richard  Harrison — Lieutenant  John  Gerault — Lieutenant  Michael  Perault — 
General  Robert  Todd — Captain  Levi  Todd — Ebenezer  and  John  Severns — 
Edward  Bulger — Captain  Abram  Chapline — ^James  Curry,  Levi  Teall  and 
Joseph  Anderson — Colonel  William  Whitley — ^John  Paul — Buckner  Pittman. 

923-96S 

CHAPTER  XXV. 

SOME   HISTORICAL    INCIDENTS    CONNECTED   WITH    CLARK'S 

GRANT. 

The  region  of  the  falls  always  a  favorite  place  of  resort — Abundance  offish  and 
game  —  Battlefield  and  burying  ground  of  some  unknown  race  near  Clarks- 
villc — Ancient  stone  fortifications  at  the  mouth  of  Fourteen-mile  creek — Other 
forts  and  stations — Bland  Ballard's  escape — Lieutenant  Isaac  Bowman — 
Richard  Rue 969-98S 

CHAPTER  XXVI. 

BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 

989-1019 


Conquest  ot  tbe 
H^ortbwest 


(?.|:2) 


Volume  II 


39 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

THE    CAPTIVITY    OF    LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR    HAMILTON 

AND  OTHER  BRITISH   OFFICERS  AND   SOLDIERS 

SENT  TO  VIRGINIA  AS  PRISONERS. 

Hamilton's  version  of  their  treatment  at  Vincennes — \\'lio  the  prisoners  were 

Captains  Williams  and  Rogers  with  twent^'-five  men  convey  the  prisoners  to 
Virginia — Instructed  by  Colonel  Clark  to  see  that  they  are  provided  with 
all  necessaries — Hamilton's  account  of  the  journe3',  and  description  of  condi- 
tion of  the  Americans — Governor  Henry's  letter  announcing  the  capture  of 
Vincennes — Hamilton  put  in  irons  and  confined  in  a  dungeon  in  retaliation 
for  cruelties  inflicted  on  American  prisoners — He  bitterly  denounces  treat- 
ment of  himself  and  colleagues — Governor  of  Virginia  acted  on  advice  of 
the  executive  council — He  explains  and  justifies  his  action — Correspondence 
between  General  Washington  and  Governor  Jefferson  on  the  subject — Se- 
\'erity  of  treatment  finally  relaxed — Fac-simile  of  a  letter  of  Jefferson  in  re- 
lation to  Hamilton — Release  on  parole  offered  prisoners — Accepted  by  some — 
Declined  at  first  by  Hamilton,  but  finally  accepted — Iinportant  letters,  etc., 
on  the  subject — Leaves  Virginia  for  New  York — Recites  troubles  encountered 
on  the  way — Reaches  British  comrades  in  New  York  in  wretched  condition — 
Is  at  last  exchanged  and  sails  for  England — His  subsequent  career. 

IroHE  capture  of  the  British  boats  on  the  AVabash  river, 
1^  with  all  the  stores  and  valuable  papers  intended  for 
Hamilton,  as  narrated  in  Chapter  XH,  added  to  his  al- 
ready overwhelming  humiliation.  The  night  after  signing 
the  agreement  to  surrender  Fort  Sackville  he  sa}'s  he  spent 
"in  assorting  papers  and  preparing  for  the  disagreeable 
ceremony  of  the  next  day.  Mortification,  disappointment 
and  indignation  had  their  turns."      It  was  but  the  begin- 

(605) 


(>()(>  CAPTIVITY  OF  LIEUTENAXT-GO\'ERNOR  HA^[II.T()N 


ning  of  the  unfortunate  lieutenant-governoi-'s  trials  and 
sorrows  according  to  the  narrative  of  his  numerous  and 
long-continued  troubles  as  gi\-en  in  his  report  to  his  su- 
perior officers,  to  which  reference  has  already  been  fre- 
quenth-  made.  There  is  no  doubt  this  account  was  col- 
ored and  in  some  respects  exaggerated  to  suit  his  side  of 
the  case,  but,  at  the  same  time,  it  is  evident  that  he  was 
verv  forcibly  made  to  realize  what  it  is  to  be  in  an  enemy's 
hands  as  a  prisoner  of  war,  towards  whom  special  resent- 
ment is  felt.  lie  was  certainly  not  allowed  to  sleep  on  a 
bed  of  roses. 

lie  realized  what  was  in  store  for  some  of  his  comrades, 
and  possibly  for  himself,  at  the  very  beginning.  "The 
evening  of  the  clay  we  capitulated,"  sa}S  he,  "  Colonel 
Clark  ordered  neck-iron  fetters  and  handcuffs  to  be  made 
which,  in  our  hearing,  he  declared  were  designed  for  those 
officers  who  had  been  einploj^ed  as  partisans  M-ith  the  Indians. 
I  took  him  aside  and  reminded  him  that  these  prisoners  wei'e 
prisoners  of  \\'ar  included  in  the  capitulation  which  he  had 
so  lately  set  his  hand  to.  He  said  his  resolution  was  formed; 
that  he  had  made  a  vow  never  to  spare  man,  woman  or 
child  of  the  Indians,  or  those  who  w^ere  emplo}-ecl  with 
them.  I  obseiwed  to  him  that  these  persons,  ha\ing  obeyed 
my  orders,  were  not  to  be  blamed  for  the  execution  of 
them;  that  I  had  never  known  that  they  had  acted  contrary 
to  those  orders,  by  encouraging  the  cruelty  of  the  savages; 
on  the  contrar}',  and  that  if  he  was  determined  to  pass  by 
the  consideration  of  his  faith  and  that  of  the  public,  pledged 
for  the  performance  of  the  articles  of  capitulation,  I  desired 
he  might  throw  me  into  prison,  or  lay  me  in  irons,  rather 
than  the  others.      He  smiled  contemptuously,  turned  away 


AND  OTHER  BRITISH  PRISONERS  IN  VIRGINIA.         607 


and  ordered  three  of  these  persons  to  the  guard  till  the 
irons  should  be  made.  The  scalps  of  the  slaughtered  In- 
dians were  hung  up  b}^  our  tents;  a  j-oung  man  of  the  name 
of  Rainbault  was  brought  into  the  fort  with  a  halter  about 
his  neck,  and  only  for  the  interposition  of  the  volunteers 
from  the  Illinois,  some  of  whom  were  his  relations,  would 
infallibl)'  been  hanged  without  any  crime  laid  to  his  charge 
biit  his  having  been  with  a  scouting  party.  He  was  half 
strangled  before  he  was  taken  from  the  tree.  Our  soldiers 
told  us  that  some  of  the  rebels  had  sworn  solemnly  to  de- 
stroy INIajor  Hay  and  myself  the  iiirst  opportunity.  As  we 
could  not  guard  against  any  attempt  in  the  situation  we 
then  found  ourselves,  we  thought  it  best  to  appear  unac- 
quainted with  any  such  resolution,  but  we  were  twice  in 
the  night  obliged  to  fly  for  security  to  Colonel  Clark's  quar- 
ters in  the  fort,  two  men  that  were  intoxicated,  and  whose 
names  had  been  given  us,  attempting  to  shoot  us  in  our 
tent.  The  attempt  was  proved  but  no  punishment  ensued. 
We  were  kept  in  the  dark  as  to  the  day  of  our  departure, 
though  I  had  repeatedly  asked  it,  that  we  might  have  bread 
baked  and  prepare  what  was  necessary." 

He  was  not  kept  in  suspense  as  to  the  time  of  his  depart- 
ure ver}'  long,  for,  on  the  7th  of  March,  according  to  Bow- 
man's journal,  "  Captain  Williams  and  Lieutenant  Rogers, 
with  twenty-five  men,  set  off  for  the  falls  of  Ohio,  to 
conduct  the  following  prisoners,  viz. :  Lieutenant-Governor 
Henry  Hamilton,  Major  John  Hay,  Captain  William 
Lamothe,  Monsieur  Dejean  (grand  judge  of  Detroit) ,  Lieu- 
tenant John  Schieffelin,   Doctor  I.  McBeth,  Francis  Ma- 


(U)S         CAPTIVITY    OF    LIEL'TEX.VXr-GO\-ERX()R  HA:\riLT()X 

sonville,  Mr.  L.  F.  Bcllefeuille  (French  interpreter) ,  with 
eighteen  privates." 

Clark's  memoir  sa3's :  "On  the  7th  of  INIarch,  Captains 
^^"illiams  and  Rogers  set  out  by  water  with  a  party  of 
twent}-fiive  men,  to  conduct  the  British  officers  to  Ken- 
tuckv  ;  and,  farther  to  weaken  the  prisoners,  eighteen  priv- 
ates were  also  sent.  After  their  arrival  at  the  falls  of  the 
Ohio,  Captain  Rogers  had  instructions  to  superintend  their 
route  to  AA'illiamsburg,  to  furnish  them  with  all  the  neces- 
sary- supplies  on  their  wa}-,  and  to  a\^'ait  the  orders  of  the 
governor."  By  weakening  the  prisoners,  Colonel  Clark, 
of  course,  meant  to  lessen  the  number  he  had  to  look  after 
and  take  care  of. 

These  prisoners  seem  to  have  been  turned  over  teinporar- 
ily  by  Captain  Williams  to  Captain  Harrod,  presumably  at 
the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  who  executed  the  following  receipt  for 
the  same:  "Received  of  Captain  Williams,  the  within 
mentioned  prisoners,  in  number  twenty-six,  March  the 
31st,  1779.  Wm.  Herrod,  captain."  In  addition  to  the 
names  of  the  eight  officers,  above  mentioned  by  Bowman, 
the  list,  accompanying  the  receipt,  gives  the  names  of 
Sergeant  James  Parkinson  and  Corporal  Abel  Leazenby, 
and  sixteen  privates,  as  follows  :  Robert  Bryant,  George 
Spittal,  John  Fraser,  John  Sutherland,  Thomas  Keppel, 
John  AVall,  Christ  Macgra  (McCrow),  John  Brebin  (Bre- 
bonne),  William  Taylor,  Patrick  INIackinlie,  Reuben  \^esey, 
Amos  Ainsle}',  Benjamin  Pickering,  John  Home,  William 
Perry  and  Belser  Givine  (?).* 

*The  given  names  were  not  mentioned  in  the  receipt,  but  have  since  been 
added.     The  list  contains  twenty-six  names. 


AND  OTHER  BRITISH  PRISONERS  IN  VIRGINIA.  609 


Captain  John  Rogers,  a  kinsman  of  Clark,  as  already 
stated,  seems  to  have  been  charged  with  the  duty  of  seeing 
that  the  prisoners  were  conveyed  from  the  falls  of  the  Ohio 
to  the  capital  of  Virginia.  The  following  instructions  were 
issued  to  him  by  Colonel  Clark  :  "You  are  to  accompany 
Captain  Williams  to  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  and  to  accompany 
the  prisoners  from  thence  to  Williamsburg.  They  will  be 
guarded  and  conducted  b}^  the  Kentuck}'  militia.  You  are 
to  be  careful  that  they  want  no  necessaries  if  possible  to 
procure  them.  You  will  draw  bills  on  the  treasury  for  the 
expenses  of  your  journey,  and  render  a  just  account  thereof 
to  His  Excellenc}',  the  governor." 

As  evidence  in  contradiction  of  the  charge  made  by 
Hamilton  that  Clark  treated  the  British  prisoners  cruelly, 
it  will  be  observed  that  special  instructions  were  given  the 
officer  in  charge  to  "be  careful  that  they  want  no  neces- 
saries, if  possible  to  procure  them." 

The  account  given  b}'  Ilamilton  of  the  departure  and 
journey  is  that  "on  the  8th  da}-  of  March,  we  were  put 
into  a  heavy  oak  boat,  being  twent3^-seven  in  number,  with 
our  provision  of  flour  and  pork  at  common  rations,  and 
fourteen  gallons  of  spirits  for  us,  and  our  guard,  which 
consisted  of  twenty-three  persons,  including  two  officers. 
We  had  before  us  three  hundred  and  sixty  miles  of  water 
carriage,  and  eight  hundred  and  forty  to  march  to  the 
place  of  our  destination,  Williamsburg,  Virginia.  The 
roth,  in  the  afternoon,  we  reached  the  Ohio,  whose  waters 
were  out  in  an  uncommon  and  astonishing  degree.  The 
depth  above  the  banks  eighteen  feet,  with  such  a  swift 
current  as  made  it  very  fatiguing  to  row,  which  we  all  did. 


6lO     CAPTIVITY  OF  LIEUTENANT-GO\'ERXOR  HAMILTON 


in  turn,  while  our  guards  were  distributed  in  four  light 
boats.  At  night  we  were  obliged  to  lie  in  our  boat,  making 
it  fast  to  a  tree,  for  the  flood  extended  as  far  in  the  woods 
as  the  eye  could  reach.  We  made  a  miserable  shift  with  our 
mast  and  oars  to  throw  a  cover  over  head,  to  keep  out  the 
rain,  and  laj'  like  swine  close  jammed  together,  having 
not  rooin  to  extend  ourselves.  We  presentl}/  found  the 
discipline  of  our  guards  such  as  would  have  enabled  us  to 
seize  their  arms  and  escape  to  the  Natchez.  This  was  agi- 
tated among  us,  but  the  idea  was  given  up  on  the  per- 
suasion that  our  companions  left  in  the  hands  of  the  rebels 
at  St.  \"incennes  would  be  sufferers  for  it. 

"We  fell  in  with  four  Delaware  Indians,  who  were  hunt- 
ing, having  only  their  bows  and  arrows  ;  our  escort  obliged 
them  to  accoiTipan}'  us  part  of  the  way,  but  they  disappeared 
one  da}',  and  we  were  given  to  understand  that  they  were 
quietly  knocked  in  the  head. 

"Arrived  at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  the  30th  of  March. 
Here  we  found  a  number  of  settlers  ^\'ho  live  in  I02:  houses 
in  eternal  apprehension  from  the  Indians.  It  is  remark- 
able that  the  party  from  St.  Vincennes  had  been  so  vigilant 
that  the  news  of  Fort  Sackville  falling  into  our  hands  the 
17th  of  December  was  onty  known  on  the  27th  of  March. 
Colonel  Clai-k  had  promised  to  send  fifteen  horses  to  this 
place  for  our  use  on  the  march,  but  that  never  was  per- 
formed. He  had  apprised  us  that  there  was  but  little 
chance  of  escaping  with  our  lives,  the  people  on  the  frontiers 
were  so  exasperated  by  the  inroads  of  the  Indians,  and  in 
this  we  found  he  had  told  us  the  truth,  being-  often  threat- 
ened  upon  the  march  and  waylaid  at  different  times.      Our 


AND  OTHER  BRITISH  PRISONERS  IN  VIRGINIA.  6 1  I 

guards,  however,  behaved  verj^  \\'ell,  protected  us  and 
hunted  for  us,  else  we  must  have  starved,  for  our  rations 
were  long  since  expended  and  our  allowance  of  bear's  flesh 
and  Indian  meal  was  frequently  ver}-  scant}^  The  people 
at  the  fort  are  in  a  wretched  state — obliged  to  enclose  their 
cattle  every  night  within  the  fort,  and  carry  their  rifle  to 
the  field  when  the}'  go  to  plow  or  cut  M'ood.  On  our  long 
march  we  had  frequently  hunger  and  thirst  to  encounter, 
as  well  as  fatigue.  At  length  we  gained  the  settled  country, 
and  at  Lynch's  ferry,  on  the  James  river,  were  put  into 
canoes  and  continued  our  progress  b}'  water." 

The  news  of  Clark's  wonderful  success  and  the  approach 
of  the  British  prisoners  was  now  spreading  all  over  the 
country,  creating  great  excitement  and  enthusiasm,  espe- 
ciall}'  in  Virginia.  Governor  Patrick  Henry  wrote  "  in 
haste  "  from  Williamsburg  to  Richard  Henry  Lee  on  the 
19th  of  INIay,  that  "  Governor  Hamilton,  of  Detroit,  is  a 
prisoner,  with  the  judge  of  that  countr}',  several  captains, 
lieutenants  and  all  the  British  who  accoinpanied  Hamilton 
in  his  conquest  of  the  Wabash.  Our  brave  Colonel  Clark 
(sent  out  from  our  militia)  with  one  hundred  Virginians 
besieged  the  governor  in  a  strong  fort  with  several  hun- 
dreds, and  with  small  arms  alone  fairly  took  the  whole 
corps  prisoners  and  sent  them  into  our  interior  country. 
This  is  a  most  gallant  action,  and  I  trust  will  secure  our 
frontiers  in  great  measure.  The  goods  taken  by  Clark 
are  said  to  be  of  immense  amount,  and  I  hope  will  influence 
the  Indians  to  espouse  our  interests.  Detroit  now  totters; 
and  if  Clark  had  a  few  of  Mcintosh's  forces  the  place 
would  be  ours  directly.      I've  late  sent  the  French  there 


biZ      CAPTIVITY  OF  ITEUTENANT-GOVERNOR  HAMILTON 

all  the  state  papers,  translated  into  their  language,  by  the 
hands  of  a  priest  who  I  believe  has  been  very  active.  I 
can  not  give  }-ou  the  other  particulars  of  Clark's  success, 
his  messenger  to  me  being  killed  and  the  letters  being  torn 
by  the  Indians. 

"  x\dieu,  mv  dear  sir.  May  you  continue  3'our  labors 
for  the  public  good,  which  has  been  so  much  forwarded 
by  you  for  so  long  a  time. 

"  Yrs  in  haste, 

"P.  Henry."* 

"On  the  2oth  of  May,"  sa3-s  Hamilton,  "being  on 
shore  to  get  refreshments,  we  were  agreebl}-  surprised  to 
find  ourselves  at  Brigadier  (Alexander)  Hamilton's  quar- 
ters, who  endeavored  by  his  kindness  and  hospitality  to 
make  us  forget  our  hardships.  The  same  evening,  halting 
at  the  house  of  a  rebel.  Colonel  Lewis,  we  had  the  good 
fortune  to  see  two  officers  of  the  convention  army.  Cap- 
tain Freeman,  aid-de-camp  to  General  Reidevel  (Riedsel), 
was  so  obliging  as  to  be  the  bearer  of  a  letter  to  General 
Phillips,  as  also  one  for  your  excellency  containing  the 
capitulation  and  some  returns.  On  the  26th  a  rebel  cap- 
tain with  a  guard  marched  us  from  Beaverdam  to  Rich- 
mond, from  thence  to  Chesterfield,  where  we  remained 
until  the  i  :;th  of  June  (1779)." 

The  time  had  now  arrived  when  Hamilton  and  his  prin- 
cipal officers  were  subjected  to  much  harsher  treatment  than 
they  had  before  encountered.  This  proceeded  from  sev- 
eral causes,  which,  no  doubt,  seem  less  forcible  to  us  now 
than  they  did  to  the  Americans  of  that  day.     At  the  time 

*Life  of  Patrick  Henrv  by  his  grandson,  Yo].  2,  p.  31. 


AND  OTHER  BRITISH  PRISONERS  IN  VIRGINIA.  613 


of  the  surrender  of  Burgoyne  man}-  thousand  British  pris- 
oners had  been  sent  into  Virginia,  where  they  were  treated 
with  great  hberahty  and  kindness,  largely  on  account  of 
the  influence  exercised  in  their  behalf  by  Thomas  Jefferson, 
afterwards  governor  of  that  state,  and  president  of  the 
United  States. 

Instead  of  this  clemency  inspiring  a  like  liberal  treatment 
of  Americans  held  as  prisoners  bv  the  British,  it  is  a  matter 
of  well  authenticated  history  that  they  were,  in  many  in- 
stances, treated  with  unwonted  neglect  and  cruelty. 
Especially  was  this  true  of  the  great  number  of  American 
prisoners  forced  into  prison  ships  in  New  York  harbor, 
then  in  possession  of  the  British,  and  elsewhere,  who  were 
treated  with  absolute  barbarity.  General  Heath,  in  his 
memoir,  said  that  the  American  prisoners  in  New  York 
were  "  crowded  in  prisons  and  sugar-houses;  they  fell  sick 
and  died  in  the  most  shocking  manner.  It  was  common, 
on  a  morning,  for  the  cartman  to  come  and  take  away  the 
bodies  for  burial  by  cart  loads."  Another  writer  says 
"from  ten  to  twenty  died  daily,  and  their  remains  were 
thrown  into  pits  without  a  single  rite  of  burial.  In  the  old 
provost,  where  officers  chiefly  were  incarcerated,  so  closely 
were  they  packed  that  when  their  bones  ached  at  night 
from  lying  on  the  hard  planks,  and  they  wished  to  turn, 
it  was  done  by  the  word  of  cominand,  and  the  whole  hu- 
man mass  turned  at  once.  In  Wallabout  bay,  across  the 
river,  the  hulk  of  the  Jersey,  an  old  sixty-four  gun  ship, 
unseaworthy,  with  masts  and  rigging  gone,  was  a  scene  of 
human  suffering  which  even  now,  at  the  end  of  a  centur}', 
chills  the  hand  that  would  draw  a  pen  picture,  however  in- 


6l4     CAPTI\-ITY  OF  LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR  HAMILTON 


adequate.  No  warmth  in  winter,  no  screen  from  the 
scorching  summer  sun,  no  ph3'sician,  no  clergyman  soothed 
or  consoled  the  dying  in  that  center  of  contagious  disease, 
which  was  never  cleansed,  and  constantlv  replenished  with 
new  victims.  It  is  estimated  that  eleven  thousand  of  its 
dead  were  buried  on  the  Brookhn  shore.  Man}-  a  New 
York  citizen  tried  to  alleviate  the  horrors  of  the  prisons  and 
prison-ships,  for  there  were  several  of  the  latter,  but  mili- 
tar}-  law  prevailed;  no  communication  with  prisoners  was 
allowed,  and  aid  conveyed  to  them  by  stealth  onl}'  doomed 
the  benefactor  to  a  similar  fate."* 

The  American  commissioner  of  prisons,  Elias  Boudinot, 
it  is  said,  made  the  astounding  statement  which  seems  al- 
most incredible,  ''that  in  one  prison-ship  alone,  called  the 
Jerse}',  which  was  anchored  near  New  York,  eleven  thousand 
American  prisoners  died  in  eighteen  months;  almost  the 
whole  of  them  from  the  barbarous  treatment  of  being  sti- 
fled in  a  crowded  hold  with  infected  air,  and  poisoned  with 
unwholesome  food."  Joel  Barlow,  who  was  quite  promi- 
nent in  his  day,  and  at  one  time  United  States  Minister  to 
France,  recorded  in  his  book,  called  the  Columbiad,  that 
Mr.  Boudinot  made  the  above  statement  to  him,  and  INIr. 
Barlow  adds,  that  the  cruelties  exercised  by  the  British 
armies  on  American  prisoners  during  the  first  years  of  the 
war  were  unexampled  among  civilized  nations. t 

Of  like  character  were  the  atrocities  perpetrated  upon 
American  women  and  children,  and  unarmed  men  on  the 
frontiers,  bv  ungovernable  savages,  organized,  encouraged, 

*Mrs.  Lamb's  History  of  the  City  of  New  Yorli,  p.  208. 

t  Barlow','.  Columbiad,  note  37,  p.  171,  Vol.  2,  edition  of  iSog,  Philadelphia. 


AND  OTHER  BRITISH  PRISONERS  IN  \'IRGINIA.  615 


and  rewarded,  in  some  instances,  by  British  officers.  Fore- 
nrost  among  these  officers  was  said  to  have  been  Hamilton, 
now  thrown,  bj'  the  fortunes  of  war,  into  the  hands  of  this 
same  Thoinas  Jefferson,  who  had  only  a  short  time  before 
been  chosen  governor  of  Virginia.  Smarting  under  the 
apparent  ingratitude  of  the  British,  and  the  cruelties  in- 
flicted on  the  western  frontiers,  and  on  the  American  pris- 
oners in  the  east.  Governor  Jefferson  decided  it  to  be  a  duty 
he  owed  his  country  to  treat  Hamilton  and  a  few  of  his 
immediate  officers  with  a  return  of  severity;  not  onl}-  be- 
cause, as  he  avers,  the}'  deserved  it,  but  also  because  by 
retaliation  he  hoped  to  force  the  British  to  a  greater  len- 
iency in  the  treatment  of  prisoners.  His  justification  of 
this  action  has  been  fully  written  by  Mr.  Jefferson  him- 
self, and  the  author  prefers  in  this  account  to  use 
mainly  the  words  of  the  distinguished  parties  them- 
selves. 

To  that  end  will  first  be  given  the  continuation  of  Gov- 
ernor Hamilton's  grievances.  He  saj^s  that  at  Chester- 
field an  officer  met  the  party,  "having  a  written  order 
under  the  hand  of  the  governor  of  the  province,  Thomas 
Jefferson,  for  taking  me  in  irons  to  Williamsburg.  I  was 
accordingly  handcuffed,  put  upon  a  horse,  and,  my  servant 
not  being  suffered  to  go  with  me,  my  valise  was  fastened 
behind  me.  Captain  Lamothe  was  ordered  to  accompany 
me,  being  in  like  manner  handcuffed.  The  fatigues  of 
the  march  heated  my  blood  to  a  violent  degree.  I  had 
several  large  boils  on  my  legs;  my  handcuffs  were  too  tight 
but  were  eased  at  a  smith's  shop  on  the  road;  thus,  some- 


6l6     CAPTI\-ITY  OF  I.IEl'TEXAX'P-GOVERNOR  IIAAIILTON 


times  ridino-  and  sometimes  \valkinii',  we  arrived  the 
second  evening  at  Williamsburg,  having  come  sixt}'  miles. 
^A"e  were  conducted  to  the  palace  where  we  remained  about 
half  an  hour  in  the  street  at  the  governor's  door,  in  wet 
clothes,  weary,  hungr^•,  and  thirsty,  but  had  not  even  a 
cup  of  water  offered  us.  During  this  time  a  considerable 
mob  gathered  about  vis,  which  accompanied  us  to  jail.  On 
our  arrival  there  ^^'e  were  put  into  a  cell,  not  ten  feet  square, 
where \-\'e found  five  criininalsand  ]Mr.Dejean,who  was  also 
handcuffed.  This  poor  man  could  not  refrain  from  tears 
on  seeing  our  equipment.  We  had  the  floor  for  a  bed,  the 
fixe  felons  \Aere  as  happy  as  rum  could  inake  them,  and  so 
we  M'ere  left  to  our  repose  for  that  night.  The  next  da}' 
we  three  \\ere  taken  out  about  eleven  o  clock,  and  before  a 
number  of  people  our  handcuffs  taken  off  and  fetters  put 
on  in  exchange.  I  was  honored  with  the  largest,  which 
weighed  eighteen  pounds  eight  ounces." 

While  the  fetters  were  being  put  on  Hamilton,  he  em- 
braced the  occasion  to  pour  out  a  torrent  of  abuse  of  the 
Americans,  which,  while  probably  natural,  was  not  calcu- 
lated to  excite  sympathy  in  his  behalf,  with  the  men  who  had 
him  in  charge.  "When  our  fetters  were  properly  fixed,"  he 
continues,  "we  were  remanded  to  our  dungeon  from  which 
the  five  felons  were  removed.  The  light  we  received  was 
from  a  gate,  which  faced  the  court  of  twenty  feet  square, 
with  walls  thirty  feet  high.  The  prison  having  been  built 
sixty  years,  it  may  be  conceived  we  were  subject  to  one 
very  offensive  inconvenience,  in  the  heat  of  summer  almost 
suffocating;  our  door  was  only  opened  to  give  us  water. 
We  were  not  allowed  any  candle,  and  from  the  first  to  the 


-f- 


AND  OTHER  BRITISH  PRISONERS  IN  VIRGINIA.  619 

last  of  our  confinement,  we  never  could  find  that  the  gov- 
ernor or  council  had  ordered  provision  of  any  kind  to  be 
made  for  us  except  water,  with  which  we  were  really  very 
well  supplied.  The  variety  of  vermin  to  -which  we  were 
a  prey,  bad  air,  chagrin,  and  want  of  exercise  began  to 
produce  their  effect  on  my  companions.''' 

His  account  shows  that,  in  some  respects,  the  order  as  to 
his  treatment  was  not  very  rigorously  enforced,  for  he  pro- 
cured pen,  ink  and  paper  from  the  jailer,  and  proceeded 
to  write  furiously  to  the  Virginia  authorities.  These  com- 
munications, it  seems,  remained  unanswered.  He  com- 
plains that  the  jailer  searched  his  papers,  but  it  appears  not 
to  have  been  a  search  of  a  ver}-  rigid  character,  as  he  says 
he  was  successful  in  keeping  his  journal,  and  other  useful 
papers,  concealed. 

He  continues:  "August  31st,  Major  Hay,  with  the 
other  prisoners  from  Chesterfield,  arrived  at  Williams- 
burg. The  soldiers  were  confined  in  the  debtor's  room,  the 
officers,  five  in  number,  were  put  into  the  dungeons  with 
us,  which  made  the  heat  intolerable.  At  eleven  at  night 
we  were  obliged  to  alarm  the  prisoners  in  the  next  cell, 
who  passed  the  word  to  the  guard  for  the  jailer,  our  surgeon 
being  on  the  point  of  suffocating,  an  asthma  to  which  he 
was  subject  having  seized  him  at  this  time,  with  that  vio- 
lence that  he  lost  his  pulse  for  ten  minutes.  We  had  tried  by 
wafting  a  blanket  to  draw  some  air  through  the  gate,  but  this 
was  insufficient,  and  if  he  had  not  had  presence  enough 
of  mind  to  open  a  vein,  he  would  probably  have  expired, 
for  the  state  of  the  air  was  such  that  a  candle,  with  which 
we  had  lately  been  indulged,  would  barely  live,   if  held 

near  the  top  of  the  cell.     The  jailer  took  Mr.  McBeath  out 
40 


Gzo     CAFTI\'ITY  OF  LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR  HAMILTON 


and  suffered  him  to  sleep  in  his  own  room,  and  I  must  de- 
clare, in  justice  to  him,  that  in  several  points  he  showed 
more  feeling  by  far  than  his  employers.  The  door  of  our 
cell  continuing  shut  for  several  days,  the  poor  prisoners, 
young  and  old,  men  and  women,  offered  to  be  locked  up  and 
debarred  the  use  of  the  court  if  we  might  be  allowed  that 
liberty  which  at  length  we  had.'' 

Having  now  given  Hamilton's  version  of  his  grievances 
let  us  hear  the  version  of  the  other  side.  Governor  Jef- 
ferson appears  not  to  have  acted  hastil}'  in  the  matter,  or 
entirely  on  his  own  volition.  He  was  advised  by  the  exec- 
utive council  of  Virginia,  and  the  reason  for  their  action  as 
set  out,  at  some  length,  in  their  proceedings,  is  here  given: 

"In  Council,  June  i8,  1779. 

"The  board  proceeded  to  the  consideration  of  the  letters 
of  Colonel  Clark,  and  other  papers  relating  to  Henry  ■ 
Hamilton,  Esq.,  who  has  acted  for  some  years  past  as 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  settlement  at  and  about  Detroit, 
and  commandant  of  the  British  garrison  there,  under  Sir 
Guy  Carleton,  as  governor-in-chief;  Philip  Dejean,  justice 
of  the  peace  for  Detroit,  and  William  Lamothe,  captain  of 
volunteers,  prisoners  of  war,  taken  in  the  count}^  of  Illinois.  *" 

"They  find  that  Governor  Hamilton  has  executed  the 
task  of  inciting  the  Indians  to  perpetrate  their  accustomed 
cruelties  on  the  citizens  of  the  United  States,  without  dis- 
tinction of  age,  sex  or  condition,  with  an  eagerness  and. 
avidit}^  which  evince  that  the  general  nature  of  his  charge ' 
harmonized  with  his  particular  disposition.     They  should* 
have  been  satisfied,  from  the  other  testimony  adduced,  that 
these  enormities  were  committed  by  savages  acting  under 


AND    OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN    \'IRGINIA.         62 1 

his  commission;  but  the  number  of  proclamations  which,  at 
different  times,  were  left  in  houses,  the  inhabitants  of  which 
were  killed  or  carried  away  by  the  Indians,  one  of  which 
proclamations  is  in  possession  of  the  board,  under  the  hand 
and  seal  of  Governor  Hamilton,  puts  this  fact  beyond  a 
doubt.  At  the  time  of  his  captivity,  it  appears  he  had  sent 
considerable  bodies  of  Indians  against  the  frontier  settle- 
ments of  these  states,  and  had  actuall}-  appointed  a  great 
council  of  Indians  to  meet  him  at  Tennessee,  to  concert 
the  operations  of  this  present  campaign. 

' '  They  find  that  his  treatment  of  our  citizens  and  soldiers, 
taken  and  carried  within  the  limits  of  his  command,  has 
been  cruel  and  inhuman;  that  in  the  case  of  John  Dodge, 
a  citizen  of  these  states,  which  has  been  particularly  stated 
to  this  board,  he  loaded  him  with  irons,  threw  him  into  a 
dungeon,  without  bedding,  without  straw,  without  fire,  in 
the  dead  of  winter  and  severe  climate  of  Detroit;  that,  in 
that  state,  he  wasted  him  with  incessant  expectations  of 
death;  that  when  the  rigors  of  his  situation  had  brought 
him  so  low  that  death  seemed  likely  to  withdraw  him  from 
their  power,  he  was  taken  out  and  somewhat  attended  to, 
until  a  little  mended,  and  before  he  had  recovered  ability 
to  walk  was  again  returned  to  his  dungeon,  in  which  a 
hole  was  cut  seven  inches  square  only,  for  the  admission  of 
air,  and  the  same  load  of  irons  again  put  on  him;  that  ap- 
pearing, a  second  time,  in  imminent  danger  of  being  lost  to 
them,  he  was  again  taken  from  his  dungeon,  in  which  he 
had  lain  from  January  till  June,  with  the  intermission  of  a 
few  weeks  only,  before  mentioned. 


62  Z    CAl'TIVITY    OF    l.lEUTENANT-GO\'ERXOR    HAMILTON 


"That  Governor  Hamilton  gave  standing  rewards  for 
scalps,  but  offered  none  for  prisoners,  which  induced  the 
Indians,  after  making  their  captives  carry  their  baggage 
into  the  neighborhood  of  the  fort,  there  to  put  them  to 
death  and  carr^'  in  their  scalps  to  the  governor,  who 
welcomed  their  return  and  success  b}'  a  discharge  of  cannon. 

"That  when  a  prisoner,  brought  alive,  and  destined  to 
death  by  the  Indians,  the  fire  already  kindled,  and  himself 
bound  to  the  stake,  was  dexterously  withdrawn,  and  se- 
creted from  them  by  the  humanity  of  a  fellow-prisoner,  a 
large  reward  was  offered  for  the  discovery  of  the  victim, 
which  having  tempted  a  sei-vant  to  betray  his  concealment, 
the  present  prisoner,  Dejean,  being  sent  with  a  party  of 
soldiers,  surrounded  the  house,  took  and  threw  into  jail 
the  unhappy  victim  and  his  deliverer,  where  the  former 
soon  expired  under  the  perpetual  assurances  of  Dejean 
that  he  was  again  to  be  restored  into  the  hands  of  the  sav- 
ages; and  the  latter,  when  enlarged,  was  bitterly  repri- 
manded by  Governor  Hamilton. 

"  It  appears  to  them  that  the  prisoner  Dejean  was  on  all 
occasions  the  \^'illing  and  cordial  instrument  of  Governor 
Hamilton,  acting  both  as  judge  and  keeper  of  the  jails, 
and  instigating  and  urging  him,  by  malicious  insinuatiorjs 
and  untruths,  to  increase  rather  than  relax  his  severities, 
heightening  the  cruelty  of  his  orders  by  his  manner  of  ex- 
ecuting them;  offering  at  one  time  a  reward  to  one  man  to 
be  hangman  for  another,  threatening  his  life  on  refusal, 
and  taking  from  his  prisoners  the  little  property  their  op- 
portunities enabled  them  to  acquire. 


AND    OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN    VIRGINIA.         62T, 


''  It  appears  that  the  prisoner,  Lamothe,  was  a  captain  of 
the  volunteer  scalping  parties  of  Indians  and  whites,  who 
went  from  time  to  time  under  general  orders  to  spare 
neither  men,  women  nor  children.  From  this  detail  of 
circumstances,  which  arose  in  a  few  cases  only,  coming  ac- 
cidentally to  the  knowledge  of  the  board,  they  think  them- 
selves authorized  b}-  fair  deduction  to  presume  what  would 
be  the  horrid  histor}-  of  the  sufferings  of  the  many  who  have 
expired  under  their  miseries  (which,  therefore,  will  remain 
forever  untold),  or  who  have  escaped  from  them,  and  are 
yet  too  remote  and  too  much  dispersed  to  bring  together 
their  well-founded  accusations  against  the  prisoners. 

''They  have  seen  that  the  conduct  of  the  British  officers, 
civil  and  military,  has  in  the  whole  course  of  this  war  been 
savage  and  unprecedent  among  civilized  nations;  that  our 
ofKcers  taken  by  them  have  been  confined  in  crowded 
jails,  loathsome  dungeons  and  prison-ships,  loaded  with 
irons,  supplied  often  with  no  food,  generally  with  too  little 
for  the  sustenance  of  nature,  and  that  little  sometimes  un- 
sound and  unwholesome,  whereby  such  numbers  have 
perished  that  captivity  and  death  have  with  them  been 
almost  synonymous;  that  they  have  been  transported  be- 
3'ond  seas,  where  their  fate  is  out  of  the  reach  of  our  inquir}^, 
have  been  compelled  to  take  arms  against  their  country, 
and  by  a  refinement  in  cruelt}^,  to  become  murderers  of 
their  own  brethren. 

"Their  prisoners  with  us  have,  on  the  other  hand,  been 
treated  with  humanity  and  moderation;  the)/  have  been 
fed  on  all  occasions,  with  wholesome  and  plentiful  food, 
suffered  to  go  at  large  within  extensive  tracts  of  country. 


02  4    CAPTIVITY    OF    LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR    HAMILTON 

treated  with  liberal  hospitality,  permitted  to  live  in  the  fam- 
ilies of  our  citizens,  to  labor  for  themselves,  to  acquire  and 
enjoy  profits,  and  finally  to  participate  of  the  principal 
benefits  of  society,  privileged  from  all  burdens. 

"Reviewing  this  contrast,  which  can  not  be  denied  by 
our  enemies  themselves,  in  a  single  point,  and  which  has 
now  been  kept  up  during  four  years  of  unremitting  war, 
a  term  long  enough  to  produce  well-founded  despair  that 
our  moderation  may  ever  lead  them  to  the  practice  of  hu- 
manity; called  on  by  that  justice  we  owe  to  those  who  are 
fighting  the  battles  of  our  country,  to  deal  out,  at  length, 
miseries  to  their  enemies,  measure  for  measure,  and  to 
distress  the  feelings  of  mankind  by  exhibiting  to  them  spec- 
tacles of  severe  retaliation,  where  we  had  long  and  vainly 
endeavored  to  introduced  an  emulation  in  kindness;  hap- 
pily possessed,  by  the  fortune  of  war,  of  some  of  those  very 
individuals  who,  having  distinguished  themselves  person- 
ally in  this  line  of  cruel  conduct,  are  fit  subjects  to  begin 
on,  with  the  work  of  retaliation — this  board  has  resolved 
to  advise  the  governor,  that  the  said  Henry  Hamilton, 
Philip  Dejean  and  William  Lamothe,  prisoners  of  war,  be 
put  in  irons,  confined  in  the  dungeons  of  the  public  jail, 
debarred  the  use  of  pen,  ink  and  paper,  and  excluded  all 
converse  except  with  their  keeper.  And  the  governor  or- 
ders accordingly.  Arch.  Blair,  C.  C." 

This  action  in  relation  to  Hamilton  made  quite  a  sensa- 
tion, and,  as  was  natural,  the  Americans  generally  com- 
mended it,  and  the  British  condemned  it.  Letters  of 
remonstrance  were  forwarded  to  Governor  Jefferson  by  the 


AND    OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN    VIRGINIA.         625 


British  authorities,  and  to  one  of  these  he  prepared  the 
following  vigorous,  but  rather  voluminous,  reply  from  Will- 
iamsburgh,  July  22,  1779,  to  the  governor  of  Quebec:* 

"Your  letter  on  the  subject  of  Lieutenant-Governor 
Hamilton's  confinement  came  safely  to  hand.  I  shall,  with 
great  cheerfulness,  explain  to  you  the  reason  on  which  the 
advice  of  council  M^as  founded,  since,  after  the  satisfaction 
of  doing  what  is  right,  the  greatest  is  that  of  having  what 
we  do  approved  by  those  \^'hose  opinions  deserve  esteem. 

''We  think  ourselves  justified  in  Governor  Hamilton's 
strict  confinement,  on  the  general  principle  of  national 
retaliations.  To  state  to  you  the  particular  facts  of  British 
cruelty  to  American  prisoners  would  be  to  give  a  melan- 
cholv  histor)^  from  the  capture  of  Colonel  Ethan  Allen,  at 
the  beginning  of  the  war,  to  the  present  day,  a  history 
which  I  will  avoid,  as  equally  disagreeable  to  you  and  to 
me. 

"I,  with  pleasure,  do  you  the  justice  to  say  that  I  believe 
those  facts  to  be  very  much  unknown  to  you,  as  Canada 
has  been  the  only  scene  of  your  service  in  America,  and  in 
that  quarter  we  have  reason  to  believe  that  Sir  Guy  Carle- 
ton,  and  the  other  officers  commanding  there,  have  treated 
our  prisoners  (since  the  instance  of  Colonel  Allen)  with 
considerable  lenity.  What  has  been  done  in  England,  and 
what  in  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  you  are  probably 
uninformed ;  as  it  would  hardly  be  made  the  subject  of 
epistolary  correspondence. 

*This  is  the  address  given  in  the  Virginia  State  Papers.  In  the  edition  of 
The  Writings  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  published  b_v  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  the  ad- 
dress is,  "Sir  Guy  Carleton,  Governor  of  Canada."  Governor  of  Quebec  is 
probably  right.     See  Mr.  Brymncr's  letter  near  close  of  this  chapter. 


626    CAPTIVITY    OF    I.IEUTENANT-GOVERNOR    HAMILTON 


"I  will  only  observe  to  you,  sir,  that  the  confinement 
and  treatment  of  our  officers,  soldiers  and  seamen  have 
been  so  vigorous  and  cruel  as  that  a  very  great  proportion 
of  the  whole  of  those  captured  in  the  course  of  this  war, 
and  carried  to  Philadelphia  while  in  possession  of  the  British 
armv,  and  to  New  York,  have  perished  miserably  from 
that  cause  only ;  and  that  this  fact  is  as  well  established  with 
us  as  any  historical  fact  which  has  happened  in  the  course  of 
the  war.  A  gentleman  of  this  commonwealth  in  public 
office,  and  of  known  and  established  character,  who  was 
taken  on  sea,  carried  to  New  York  and  exchanged,  has 
given  us  lately  a  particular  information  of  the  treatment  of 
our  prisoners  there. 

"Officers  taken  by  land,  it  seems,  are  permitted  to  go  on 
parole  within  certain  limits  on  Long  Island,  till  suggestions 
shall  be  made  to  their  prejudice  by  some  Tory  refugee,  or 
other  equally  worthless  person,  when  they  are  hurried  to 
the  provost  in  New  York,  without  inquiring  'whether 
they  be  founded  upon  positive  facts,  be  matter  of  hearsa}', 
or  taken  from  the  report  of  interested  men.'  The  example 
of  inquiring  into  the  truth  of  charges  of  this  nature  accord- 
ing to  legal  principles  of  evidence  has  surely  not  been  set  us 
by  our  enemies.  We  inquired  what  these  provosts  were, 
and  were  told  thej^  were  the  common  miserable  jails,  built 
for  the  confinement  of  malefactors.   Officers  and  men  taken 

by  sea  were  kept  in  prison  ships  infested  with been 

on  by  the  crowd* from  five  to  ten  a  day. 

"When  therefore  we  are  desired  to  advert  to  the  possible 
consequences  of  treating  prisoners  with  rigor,  I  need  onl}' 

*Parts  of  one  line  and  all  of  another  at  bottom  of  the  page  lacking. 


AND    OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN    VIRGINIA.         627 


ask  when  did  these  rigors  begin?  Not  with  us,  assured!}'. 
I  think  you,  sir,  who  have  had  as  good  opportunities  as 
an}-  Britisli  officer  of  learning  in  what  manner  we  treat 
those  whom  the  fortune  of  war  has  put  into  our  hands, 
can   clear   us   from   the   charge    of    rigor,   as    far  as  vour 


to^ 


y 


knowledge  or  information  has  extended. 

"I  can  assert  that  Governor  Hamilton's  is  the  first  in- 
stance which  has  occurred  in  nT\-  own  country,  and  if  there 
has  been  another  in  any  of  the  United  States,  it  is  unknown 
to  me.  These  instances  must  ha^'e  been  extreinely  rare,  if 
they  have  ever  existed  at  all,  or  they  could  not  have  been 
altogether  unheard  of  by  ine.  When  a  uniform  exercise 
of  kindness  to  prisoners  on  our  part  has  been  returned  by 
as  uniform  severity  on  the  part  of  our  enemies,  you  must 
excuse  me  for  saying  it  is  high  time,  by  other  lessons,  to 
teach  respect  to  the  dictates  of  humanity.  In  such  a  case 
retaliation  becomes  an  act  of  benevolence. 

"  But  suppose,  sir,  we  were  willing  still  longer  to  decline 
the  drudgery  of  general  retaliation,  yet  Governor  Hamil- 
ton's conduct  has  been  such  as  to  call  for  exemplary  pun- 
ishment on  him  personally.  In  saying  this  I  have  not  so 
much  in  view  his  particular  cruelties  to  our  citizens,  pris- 
oners with  him  (which,  though  they  have  been  great,  were 
of  necessity  confined  to  a  small  scale ) ,  as  the  general  nature 
of  the  service  he  undertook  at  Detroit,  and  the  extensive 
exercise  of  cruelties  which  they  involved. 

''Those  who  act  together  in  war  are  answerable  to  each 
other.  No  distinction  can  be  made  between  the  principal 
and  ally  by  those  against  whom  the  war  is  waged.  He 
who  emploj/s  another  to  do  a  deed  makes  the  deed  his  own. 


628    CAPTIVITY   OF   LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR    HAJIILTON 


If  he  calls  in  the  hand  of  the  assassin  or  murderer,  himself 
becomes  the  assassin  or  murderer.  The  known  rule  of 
warfare  of  the  Indian  savages  is  an  indiscriminate  butchery 
of  men,  women  and  children.  These  savages  under  this 
well-known  character  are  employed  by  the  British  nation 
as  allies  in  the  war  against  the  Americans.  Governor 
Hamilton  undertakes  to  be  the  conductor  of  the  war.  In 
the  execution  of  that  undertaking,  he  associates  small  par- 
ties of  whites  under  his  immediate  command  with  large 
parties  of  the  savages,  and  sends  them  to  act,  sometimes 
jointly  and  sometimes  separately,  not  against  our  fort  or 
armies  in  the  field,  but  the  farming  settlements  on  our 
frontiers.  Governor  Hamilton  then  is  himself  the  butcher 
of  men,  women  and  children.  I  will  not  say  to  what 
length  the  fair  rules  of  war  would  extend  the  right  of  pun- 
ishment against  him;  but  I  am  sure  that  confinement  under 
its  strictest  circumstances,  as  a  retaliation  for  Indian  devas- 
tation and  massacre,  must  be  deemed  lenity. 

"I  apprehend  you  had  not  sufficiently  adverted  to  the 
expression  in  the  advice  of  the  council,  when  j-ou  sup- 
pose the  proclamation  there  alluded  to  to  be  the  one  ad- 
dressed to  the  inhabitants  of  the  Illinois,  afterwards  printed 

in  the  public  papers  and  to  be  confirmed  to  contain 

denunciations *  proclamation  there  alluded 

to,  contained  nothing  more  than  an  invitation  to  our  officers 
and  soldiers  to  join  the  British  arms  against  those  whom 
he  is  pleased  to  call  rebels  and  traitors.  In  order  to  intro- 
duce these  among  our  people  were  put  into  the  hands 
of  the  Indians  ;  and  in  every  house  where  they  murdered  or 

*Two  lines  at  bottom  of  page  gone. 


AND    OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN   VIRGINIA.         629 

carried  away  the  family  they  left  one  of  these  procla- 
mations. Some  of  them  were  found  sticking  in  the  breasts 
of  the  persons  murdered;  one,  under  the  hand  and  seal  of 
Governor  Hamilton,  came  to  our  hands.  The  Indians 
being  the  bearer  of  the  proclamations  under  the  hand  and 
seal  of  Governor  Hamilton  (no  matter  what  was  the  sub- 
ject of  them),  there  can  be  no  doubt  they  were  acting  under 
his  direction,  and,  as  including  this  proof,  the  fact  was  cited 
in  the  advice  of  the  council.  But  if  you  will  be  so  good  as 
to  recur  to  the  address  of  the  Illinois,  which  you  refer  to, 
you  will  find  that  though  it  does  not  in  express  terms 
threaten  vengeance,  blood  and  massacre,  }'et  it  proves  that 
the  governor  had  made  for  us  the  most  ample  provision  of 
all  these  calamities. 

"He  there  gives  in  detail  the  hoiTid  catalogue  of  savage 
nations,  extending  froin  south  to  north,  whom  he  had 
leagued  with  himself  to  wage  combined  war  on  our  fron- 
tiers ;  and  it  is  well  known  that  that  war  would  of  course 
be  made  up  of  blood  and  general  massacre  of  men,  women 
and  children.  Other  papers  of  Governor  Hamilton  have 
come  to  our  hands,  containing  instructions  to  officers  going 
out  with  scalping  parties,  of  Indians  and  whites,  and  prov- 
ing that  that  kind  of  war  was  waged  under  his  express 
orders.  Further  proof  in  abundance  might  be  added,  but 
I  suppose  the  fact  too  notorious  to  need  them. 

"  Your  letter  seems  to  admit  an  inference  that,  what- 
ever may  have  been  the  general  conduct  of  our  enemies 
towards  their  prisoners,  or  whatever  the  personal  conduct 
of  Governor  Hamilton,  yet,  as  a  prisoner  by  capitulation, 
you  consider  him  as  privileged  from  strict  confinement.      I 


630    CAPTIVITY    OF    LIEUTE^-AXT-GO^•ERXOR    HAMILTON 


do  not  pretend  to  an  intimate  knowledge  of  tliis  subject. 
My  idea  is  that  the  term  '  prisoners  of  war'  is  a  generic 
one,  the  specification  of  which  is,  first,  prisoners  at  discre- 
tion ;  and,  second,  prisoners  on  convention  of  capitulation. 
Thus,  in  the  debate  in  the  House  of  Commons  of  the  2yth 
November  last,  on  the  address,  the  minister  speaking  of 
General  Burgoyne  (and  in  his  presence)  says  he  is  a 
'prisoner,'  and  General  Burgoyne  calls  himself  a  'prisoner 
under  the  terms  of  the  convention  of  Saratoga,'  intimating 
that,  though  a  prisoner,  he  was  a  prisoner  of  particular 
species  entitled  to  certain  terms.  The  treatment  of  the  first 
class  ought  to  be  such  as  to  be  approved  b}'  the  usage  of 
polished  nations ;  gentle  and  humane,  unless  a  contrary 
conduct  in  an  enemy  or  individual  render  a  strict  treat- 
ment necessary.  The  prisoners  of  the  second  class  have 
nothing  to  exempt  them  from  a  like  treatinent  with  those 
of  the  first,  except  so  far  as  they  shall  have  been  able  to 
make  better  terms  by  articles  of  capitulation.  So  far  then 
as  these  shall  have  provided  for  an  exemption  from  strict 
treatment,  so  prisoners  on  capitulation  have  a  right  to  be 
distinguished  from   those  at  discretion.      I  do  not  propose 

* history  furnishes,  where  certain  causes  antecedent 

thereto,  though  such  instances  might  be  produced  from 
English  history  too,  and  in  one  case  when  the  king  hiinself 
commanded  in  person.  ^Marshal  Bouflers,  after  the  taking 
of  the  Castle  of  Namur,  was  arrested  and  detained  a  prisoner 
of  war,  by  King  William,  though  by  an  article  in  the 
capitulation  it  was  stipulated  that  the  officers  and  soldiers 
of    the    garrison    in    general,    and    Marshal    Bouflers,   by 

*Some  words  at  bottom  of  page  gone. 


AND   OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN    VIRGINIA.         63 1 

name,  should  be  at  liberty.  However,  we  waive  reasoning 
on  this  head,  because  no  article  in  the  capitulation  of  Gov- 
ernor Hamilton  is  violated  b}'  his  confinement. 

''  Perhaps  not  having  seen  the  capitulation,  3'ou  were  led 
to  suppose  it  a  thing  of  course  that,  being  able  to  obtain 
terms  of  surrender,  they  would  first  provide  for  their  own 
treatment.  I  enclose  you  a  copy  of  the  capitulation,  by 
which  you  will  see  that  the  second  article  declares  them 
prisoners  of  war,  and  nothing  is  said  as  to  the  treat- 
ment they  were  to  be  entitled  to.  When  Governor  Ham- 
ilton signs  indeed,  he  adds  a  flourish,  containing  the  mo- 
tives inducing  him  to  capitulate,  one  of  which  was  con- 
fidence in  a  generous  enemy.  Hp  should  have  reflected 
that  generosity  on  a  large  scale  would  take  side  against 
him.  However  these  were  only  his  private  motives  and 
did  not  enter  into  the  contract  with  Colonel  Clark. 

"Being  prisoners  of  war  then,  with  only  such  privileges 
as  their  capitulation  had  provided,  and  that  having  pro- 
vided nothing  on  the  subject  of  their  treatment,  they  are 
liable  to  be  treated  as  other  prisoners.  We  have  not  ex- 
tended our  order  as  we  might  justifiably  have  done  to  the 
whole  of  this  corps.  Governor  Hamilton  and  Captain 
Lamothe  alone,  as  leading  offenders,  are  in  confinement. 
The  other  officers  and  men  are  treated  as  if  they  had  been 
taken  in  justifiable  war;  the  officers  being  at  large  on  their 
parole,  and  the  men  also  having  their  liberty  to  a  certain 
extent. 

"  Dejeanwas  not  included  in  the  capitulation,  being  taken 
eight  days  after  on  the  Wabash,  150  miles  from  St.  Vin- 
cennes. 


632     CAPTIVITY    OF   LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR    HAMILTON 


"  I  hope,  sir,  that  being  made  more  fully  acquainted  with 
tlie  facts  on  which  the  advice  of  council  was  grounded, 
and  exercising  your  own  good  sense  in  cool  and  candid 
deliberation  on  these  facts,  and  the  consequences  deducted 
from  them  according  to  the  usage  and  sentiments  of  civil- 
ized nations,  you  will  see  the  transaction  in  a  very  different 
light  from  that  in  which  it  appeared  at  the  time  of  writing 
vour  letter,  and  ascribe  the  advice  of  the  council,  not  to 
want  of  attention  to  the  sacred  nature  of  public  conven- 
tions, of  which  I  hope  we  shall  never  in  any  circumstances 
lose  sight,  but  to  a  desire  of  stopping  the  effusion  of  ye  unof- 
fending blood  of  women  and  children,  and  the  unjustifi- 
able severities  exercised  on  our  captive  officers  and  soldiers 
in  general  by  proper  severities  on  our  part."* 

It  will  be  observed  that  Hamilton  and  the  other  British 
prisoners,  now  in  "  durance  vile,"  had  been  captured  by 
Virginia  troops,  and  were  being  held  as  prisoners  of 
that  state,  under  the  order  of  the  governor  and  council. 
The  relations  between  the  states  and  the  general  government 
were  then  chaotic,  and  in  transition,  but  as  the  right  to  so 
treat  these  prisoners  was  vigorously  denied  by  the  British 
authorities,  in  letters  of  remonstrance  to  the  governor  and 
otherwise.  Governor  Jefferson,  not  being  at  all  familiar 
with  the  technicalities  of  military  affairs,  communicated  all 
the  facts  to  General  Washington,  the  commander-in-chief 
of  the  Continental  Army,  for  the  purpose  of  advising  him 
of  the  situation  and  eliciting  his  views,  intending  to  conform 

*Virgina  State  Papers,  Vol.  i,  pp.   321,  322,  323,  324.       Writings  of  Thomas 
Jefterson,  Vol.  2,  pp.  248  to  256,  inclusive  :   Putnam  &  Sons,  1893. 


AND    OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN    N'IRGINIA.         633 


his  action  with  whatever  advice  might  be  given.  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  letter,  dated  Williamsburg,  July  17,  1779: 

"I,  some  time  ago,  enclosed  to  j'ou  a  printed  copy  of 
an  order  of  council,  by  which  Governor  Hamilton  was  to 
be  confined  in  irons,  in  close  jail,  which  has  occasioned  a 
letter  from  General  Phillips,  of  which  the  enclosed  is  a  copy. 

"The  general  seems  to  think  that  a  prisoner  on  capitu- 
lation can  not  be  put  in  close  confinement,  though  his 
capitulation  should  not  have  provided  against  it. 

"My  idea  was,  that  all  persons  taken  in  war  were  to  be 
deemed  prisoners  of  war.  That  those  who  surrender  on 
capitulation  (or  convention)  are  prisoners  of  war  also, 
subject  to  the  same  treatment  with  those  who  surrendered 
at  discretion,  except  only  so  far  as  the  terms  of  their  capitu- 
lation or  convention  shall  have  guarded  them. 

"In  the  capitulation  of  Governor  Hamilton  (a  copy  of 
which  I  enclose) ,  no  stipulation  is  made  as  to  the  treatment 
of  himself,  or  those  taken  with  hiin.  The  governor,  indeed, 
when  he  signs,  adds  a  flourish  of  reasons  inducing  him  to 
capitulate,  one  of  which  is  the  generosity  of  his  enemy. 

"Generosity,  on  a  large  and  comprehensive  scale,  seemed 
to  dictate  the  making  a  signal  example  of  this  gentleman  ; 
but  waiving  that,  these  are  only  the  private  motives  induc- 
ing him  to  surrender,  and  do  not  enter  into  the  contract  of 
Colonel  Clark.  I  have  the  highest  idea  of  those  contracts 
which  take  place  between  nation  and  nation,  at  war,  and 
would  be  the  last  on  earth  to  do  anything  in  violation  of 
them. 

"  I  can  find  nothing  in  those  books  usually  recurred  to 
as  testimonials  of  the  law  and  usages  of  nature  and  nations. 


634      CAl'TIVITY  OF  LIEUTEXAXT-GO^•ERNOR  HA;\IILTON 


which  convicts  the  opinions  I  have  above  expressed  of 
error.  Yet  there  ma^'  be  such  an  usage  as  General  PliilHps 
seems  to  suppose,  though  not  taken  notice  of  b}^  these 
writers. 

' '  I  am  obHged  to  trouble  3-our  excellency  on  this  occa- 
sion, by  asking  of  3'ou  information  on  this  point.  There 
is  no  other  person  whose  decision  will  so  authoritatively 
decide  this  doubt  in  the  public  mind,  and  none  with  which 
I  am  disposed  so  implicitl}'  to  comply.  If  3'ou  shall  be  of 
opinion  that  the  bare  existence  of  a  capitulation,  in  the  case 
of  Governor  Hamilton,  privileges  him  from  confinement, 
though  thei-e  be  no  article  to  that  effect  in  the  capitulation, 
justice  shall  most  assuredly  be  done  him. 

"The  importance  of  this  point,  in  a  public  view,  and  my 
own  anxiety  under  a  charge  of  violation  of  national  faith 
by  the  executive  of  this  cominonwealth,  will,  I  hope, 
apologize  for  my  adding  this  to  the  many  troubles  with 
which  I  know  3'ou  to  be  burdened."* 

On  the  6th  of  August,  1779,  General  Washington,  then 
at  West  Point,  answered  Governor  Jefferson's  letter,  saying: 

"I  have  been  honored  with  3'our  letter  of  the  17th  of 
Jul3-,  upon  the  case  of  Lieutenant-Governor  Hamilton. 
This  subject,  on  more  mature  consideration,  appears  to  be 
involved  in  greater  difficulty  than  I  apprehended.  When 
I  first  received  the  proceedings  of  the  council  upon  it,  trans- 
mitted in  3'our  excellenc3''s  letter  of  the  19th  of  June,  I  had 
no  doubt  of  the  propriety  of  the  treatment  decreed  against 
]Mr.  Hamilton,   as  being  founded  in  principles  of  a  just  re- 

"•■  Writings  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  Vol.  i,  p.  225  (Published  bv  Taylor  & 
Maury,  1S53,  and  referred  to  hereafter  for  brevity  as  Jefferson's  Works). 


AND  OTHER  BRITISH  PRISONERS  IN  VIRGINIA.  635 


taliation.  But,  upon  examining  the  matter  more  minutely, 
and  consulting  with  several  intelligent  general  officers, 
it  seems  to  be  their  opinion,  that  Mr.  Hamilton  could  not, 
according  to  the  usage  of  war,  after  his  capitulation  even 
in  the  manner  it  was  made,  be  subjected  to  an}/  uncommon 
severity  vtnder  that  idea,  and  that  the  capitulation  placed 
him  under  a  different  footing  from  that  of  a  mere  prisoner 
at  discretion. 

"Whether  it  may  be  expedient  to  continue  him  in  his 
present  confinement  from  motives  of  policv,  and  to  satisfy 
our  people,  is  a  question  I  can  not  determine  ;  but  if  it  should 
be,  I  would  take  the  liberty  to  suggest,  that  it  may  be 
proper  to  publish  all  the  cruelties  he  has  committed  or 
abetted,  in  a  particular  manner,  and  the  evidence  in  sup- 
port of  the  charges,  that  the  world,  holding  his  conduct  in 
abhorrence,  may  feel  and  approve  the  justice  of  his  fate. 
Indeed,  whatever  ma}/  be  the  line  of  conduct  towards  him, 
this  may  be  advisable. 

"  If,  from  the  considerations  I  have  mentioned,  the  rigor 
of  his  treatment  is  mitigated,  yet  he  can  not  claim  of  right 
upon  anv  ground  the  extensive  indulgence  which  General 
Phillips  seems  to  expect  for  him  ;  and  I  should  not  hesitate 
to  withhold  from  him  a  thousand  privileges  I  might  allow 
to  common  prisoners.  He  certainly  merits  a  discrimina- 
tion; and  although  the  practice  of  war  may  not  justify  all 
the  measures  that  have  been  taken  against  him,  he  may 
unquestionably,  without  any  breach  of  public  faith  or  the 
least  shadow  of  imputation,  be  confined  to  a  room.  His 
safe  custody  will  be  an  object  of  great  importance."  * 

♦Writings  of  Washington  (Sparks),  Vol.  6,  p.  315. 
41 


6t^6     captivity  of  lieutenant-governor  HA-MILTON 


It  will  be  seen  from  this  letter  that  although  General 
AVashington  at  tirst  considered  the  rigorous  treatment  of 
Hamilton  entirely  proper,  and  "founded  on  a  just  retalia- 
tion," he  finalty  came  to  the  conclusion  "that  the  capitula- 
tion (as  a  prisoner  of  vi^ar)  placed  Flamilton  under  a 
different  footing  from  that  of  a  mere  prisoner  at  discretion." 
The  general  could  not  determine,  however,  whether  it 
would  be  expedient  to  continue  Hamilton's  present  con- 
finement as  a  matter  of  policy  and  to  satisfy  the  wishes  of 
the  Americans,  but  appears  to  have  thought  he  deserved 
much  of  the  punishment  he  was  receiving,  and  that  "a  thou- 
sand privileges  "  \\'hich  might  properly/  be  allowed  common 
prisoners  should  be  withheld  from  him.  Hamilton's  safe 
custody  was  a  matter  of  great  importance  and  he  should, 
at  least,  "  be  confined  to  a  room." 

The  letter,  as  a  whole,  seemed  to  advise  some  relaxation - 
in  the  severity  of  the  treatment  Hamilton  had  been  receiv- 
ing,   and    to  this    suggestion  Governor   Jefferson  and  his 
council  conformed.     The  latter  took  the  following  action 
on  the  29th  of  September: 

"  The  board  having  been,  at  no  time,  unmindful  of  the 
circumstances  attending   the    confinement   of  Lieutenant-^ 
Governor  Hamilton,  Captain  Lamothe  and  Philip  Dejean, 
which  the  personal  cruelties  of  those  men,  as  well  as  the 
general  conduct  of  the  enemy,  had  constrained  them  to 
advise;  wishing  and  willing  to  expect  that  their  sufferings 
may  lead  them  to  the  practice  of  humanity,  should  any  future  ' 
turn  of  fortune  in  their  favor  submit  to  their  discretion  the" 
fate  of  their  fellow-creatures;  that  it  may  prove  an  admon- 
ition to  others,  meditating  like  cruelties,  not  to  rely  for  im- 


AND  OTHER  BRITISH  PRISONERS  IN  VIRGINIy\.  637 

punity  in  any  circumstances  of  distance  or  present  security, 
and  that  it  may  induce  an  enemy  to  reflect  what  must  be 
the  painful  consequences  should  a  continuation  of  the  same 
conduct  on  their  part  impel  us  again  to  severities,  while 
such  multiplied  subjects  of  retaliation  are  within  our  power; 
sensible  that  no  impression  can  be  made  on  the  event  of 
the  war,  by  wreaking  vengeance  on  miserable  captives; 
that  the  great  cause  which  has  animated  the  two  nations 
against  each  other  is  not  to  be  decided  b)-  unmanly  cruel- 
ties on  wretches  who  have  bowed  their  necks  to  the  power 
of  the  victor,  and  bj^  the  exercise  of  honorable  valor  in 
the  field,  earnestl}-  hoping  that  the  enemy,  viewing  the 
subject  in  the  same  light,  will  be  content  to  abide  the  event 
of  that  mode  of  decision,  and  spare  us  the  pain  of  a  sec- 
ond departure  from  kindness  to  our  captives;  confident 
that  commiseration  to  our  prisoners  is  the  only  possible 
motive  to  which  can  be  candidly  ascribed  in  the  present 
actual  circumstances  of  the  war  the  advice  we  are  now 
about  to  give — the  board  does  advise  the  governor  to  send 
Lieutenant-Governor  Hamilton,  Captain  Lamothe  and 
Philip  Dejean  to  Hanover  Court-House,  there  to  remain  at 
large,  within  certain  reasonable  limits,  taking  the  parole  in 
the  usual  manner.  The  governor  orders  accordingl}'. 
Ordered  that  Major  John  Hay  be  sent  also,  under  parole, 
to  the  same  place." 

Governor  Jefferson  enclosed  these  orders  of  council  to 
General  Washington,  on  the  ist  of  October,  and  at  the 
same  time  answered  the  general's  previous  letter  as  follows: 

''On  receipt  of  your  letter  of  August  6th,  during  my 
absence,  the  council  had  the  irons  taken  off  the  prisoners 


638     CAPTI^'ITY  OF  LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR  HA?iIILTON 


of  war.  When  3-'Our  advice  was  asked,  we  meant  it  should 
decide  with  us ;  and,  upon  my  return  to  AVilliamsburg,  the 
matter  was  talcen  up  and  the  enclosed  advice  given.  A 
parole  was  formed,  of  which  the  enclosed  is  a  copy,  and 
tendered  to  the  prisoners.  Thev  objected  to  that  part  of  it 
which  restrained  them  froin  5(7y/;;^an3'thing  to  the  prejudice 
of  the  United  States,  and  insisted  on  'freedom  of  speech.' 
They  were,  in  consequence,  remanded  to  their  confrnement 
in  the  jail,  which  invist  be  considered  as  avoluntary  one,  until 
they  can  determine  with  themselves  to  be  inoffensive,  in 
word  as  well  as  deed.  A  flag  sails  hence  to-morrow  to 
New  York,  to  negotiate  the  exchange  of  some  prisoners. 
By  her,  I  have  written  to  General  Phillips  on  this  subject, 
and  enclosed  to  him  copies  of  the  within;  intending  it  as  an 
answer  to  a  letter  I  received  from  him  on  the  subject  of 
Governor  Ilainilton."^''' 

On  the  next  day  Governor  Jefferson  again  wrote  Gen- 
eral Washington,  saying: 

"Just  as  the  letter  accoinpanying  this  was  going  off. 
Colonel  ^Mathews  arrived  on  parole  from  New  York,  by 
the  wav  of  headquarters,  bringing  your  excellency's  letter 
on  this  subject,  with  that  of  the  British  commissary  of 
prisoners.  The  subject  is  of  great  importance,  and  I  must, 
therefore,  reserve  myself  to  answer  after  further  considera- 
tion. 

"Were  I  to  speak  from  present  impressions,  I  should 
say  it  was  happy  for  Governor  Hamilton  that  a  final  deter- 
mination of  his  fate  was  formed  before  this  new  informa- 
tion.    As  the  enemy  have  released  Captain  Willing  from 

'^Jefferson's  Works,  Vol.  t,  p.  230. 


AND  OTHER  BRITISH  PRISONERS  IN  VIRGINIA.  639 


his  irons,  the  executive  of  this  state  will  be  induced,  per- 
haps, not  to  alter  their  former  opinion.  But  it  is  impossible 
that  they  can  be  serious  in  attempting  to  bull}'  us  in  this 
manner.  We  have  too  many  of  their  subjects  in  our  power, 
and  too  much  iron  to  clothe  them  with,  and  I  will  add,  too 
much  resolution  to  avail  ourselves  of  both,  to  fear  their  pre- 
tended retaliation.  However,  I  will  do  myself  the  honor 
of  forwarding  to  }'our  excellency  the  ultimate  result  of  the 
council  on  this  subject. 

"In  consequence  of  the  information  in  the  letter  from 
the  British  commissarv  of  prisoners,  that  no  officers  of  the 
Virginia  line  should  be  exchanged  till  Governor  Hamilton's 
affair  should  be  settled,  we  have  stopped  our  flag,  which 
was  just  hoisting  anchor  with  a  load  of  privates  for  New 
York.  I  must  therefore  ask  the  favor  of  your  excellenc}- 
to  forward  the  enclosed  by  flag,  when  an  opportunity  offers, 
as  I  suppose  General  Phillips  will  be  in  New  York  before 
it  reaches  you."* 

On  the  8th  of  the  same  month  Governor  Jefferson  wrote 
still  another  letter  to  General  Washington: 

"  In  mine  of  the  second  of  the  present  month,  written  in 
the  instant  of  Colonel  Mathews'  delivery  of  your  letter,  I 
informed  you  what  had  been  done  on  the  subject  of 
Governor  Hamilton  and  his  companions,  previous  to  that 
moment. 

"  I  now  enclose  you  an  advice  of  council,  in  consequence 
of  the  letter  you  were  pleased  to  enclose  me,  from  the 
British    commissary    of    prisoners,    with    one    from    Lord 

*Jefferson's  Works,  Vol.  i,  p.  231. 


640     CAPTIVITY  OF  LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR  HAMILTON 

Rawdon;  also  a  cop}-  of  my  letter  to  Colonel  Mathews,  en- 
closing-, also,  the  papers  therein  named. 

"  The  advice  of  council  to  allow  the  enlargement  of 
prisoners,  on  their  giving  a  proper  parole,  has  not  been 
recalled,  nor  will  be,  I  suppose,  unless  something  on  the 
part  of  the  enem}-  should  render  it  necessary.  I  rather 
expect,  however,  that  they  will  see  it  their  interest  to 
discontinue  this  kind  of  conduct.  I  am  afraid  I  shall  here- 
after, perhaps,  be  obliged  to  give  3'our  excellency  some 
trouble  in  aiding  me  to  obtain  information  of  the  future 
usage  of  our  prisoners. 

"I  shall  give  immediate  orders  for  having  in  readiness 
every  engine  which  the  enemy  has  contrived  for  the  de- 
struction of  our  unhappy  citizens,  captured  by  them.  The 
presentiment  of  these  operations  is  shocking  bej^ond  expres- 
sion. I  pray  Heaven  to  avert  them;  but  nothing  in  this 
world  will  do  it  but  a  proper  conduct  in  the  enemy.  In 
every  event,  I  shall  resign  myself  to  the  hard  necessity 
under  which  I  shall  act."* 

The  following  is  the  enclosure  referred  to  in  the  fore- 
going letter : 

"In  Council,  October  8,  1779. 
"The  governor  is  advised  to  take  proper  and  effectual 
measures  for  knowing,  from  time  to  time,  the  situation  and 
treatment  of  our  prisoners  by  the  enemy,  and  to  extend  to 
theirs,  with  us,  a  like  treatment,  in  every  circumstance  • 
and,  also,  to  order  to  a  proper  station  the  prison  ship 
fitted  up  on  recommendation  from  Congress,  for  the  recep- 

*Jefferson's  Works,  Vol.  i,  p.  232. 


AND    OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN   VIRGINIA.        64 1 


tion  and  confinement  of  such  prisoners  of  war  as  shall  be 
sent  to  it." 

About  this  time  Captain  Lamothe  and  Mr.  Dejean,  two 
of  the  imprisoned  British  officers,  accepted  the  parole, 
which  they  had  at  first  rejected,  probably  under  the  influ- 
ence of  Hamilton.  The  latter  continued  for  a  long-  time 
to  reject  all  paroles  offered  him,  apparently  without  any 
very  well  founded  reason.  He  was,  therefore,  continued 
in  close  confinement,  with  Hay  and  four  others  who  pur- 
sued a  similar  course. 

Washington  wrote,  from  his  headquarters  at  West  Point, 
on  the  23d  of  November,  to  Jefferson,  fully  approving  this 
action.  He  said:  "  The  measure  of  the  council  in  remand- 
ing Governor  Hamilton  and  his  companions  back  to  con- 
finement on  their  refusing  to  sign  the  parole  to  them,  is 
perfectly  agreeable  to  the  practice  of  the  enemy.  The 
particular  part  objected  to,  I  have  always  understood,  enters 
into  the  paroles  given  by  our  officers.  In  regard  to  3'our 
letter  of  the  8th,  I  would  hope,  with  your  excellency,  that 
there  will  be  no  necessity  for  a  competition  in  cruelties  with 
the  enemy.  Indeed,  it  is  but  justice  to  observe  that  of  late, 
or  rather  since  Sir  Henry  Clinton  has  had  the  command, 
the  treatment  of  our  prisoners  has  been  more  within  the 
line  of  humanity,  and  in  general  very  different  from  that 
which  they  experienced  under  his  predecessors.  I  shall 
not  fail,  however,  as  a  matter  of  duty,  to  pay  proper  atten- 
tion to  such  deviations  from  this  conduct  as  may  appear 
the  result  of  mere  wantonness  or  cruelty,  and  have  not  been 
incurred  by  the  irregularities  of  our  prisoners."* 

*Writings  of  Washington  (Sparks),  Vol.  6,  p.  407. 


642    CAPTIVITY    OF    LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR    HAMILTON 


The  extreme  anxiet}'  which  the  British  authorities  man- 
ifested for  the  welfare  of  Hamilton,  and  their  great  desire 
to  secure  his  liberty,  soon  attracted  the  attention  of  Ameri- 
can prisoners  of  like  rank,  and  inspired  them  with  hope 
that  it  might  lead  to  their  own  release  by  exchange. 
Friends  of  American  prisoners,  as  well  as  the  prisoners 
themselves,  interceded  with  Washington  and  Jefferson  to 
that  end.  To  an  application  of  that  character  by  "Colonel 
Dubuj^sson,  a  French  officer  in  the  family  of  Baron  De 
Kalb,"  General  Washington  wrote  in  reply  that  "the  state 
of  Virginia,  sensible  of  the  dangerous  influence  which 
Governor  Hamilton  holds  over  the  Indians,  have  absolutely 
refused  to  exchange  him  on  any  terms,  for  the  present  at 
least,  and,  as  I  have  never  deviated  from  a  rule,  which  I 
laid  down  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  of  exchanging  of- 
ficers in  course,  according  to  the  time  of  their  captivit}?,  I 
can  not,  without  manifest  injur}'  to  several  gentlemen  of 
your  rank,  who  have  been  prisoners  for  more  than  three 
j'ears,  propose  your  exchange  in  preference  to  theirs.  I 
am  glad  to  find  that  you  seem  to  be  aware  of  this  difficulty 
in  your  letter  from  Philadelphia."  * 

Some  time  before  this  Governor  Jefferson  wrote  a  letter 
to  Mrs.  Byrd,  a  member  of  a  well-known  Virginia  family, 
who  had  apparently  written  him  favoring  an  exchange  of 
Lieutenant-Governor  Hamilton  for  Colonel  Mathews,  in 
which  he  said:  "I  think  he  (Hamilton)  will  not  be  ex- 
changed on  any  terms  during  the  war."  The  following  is 
a  fac-simile  of  this  letter,  the  original  of  which  is  now  in 
the  author's  possession: 

*Writings  of  Washington  (Sparks),  Vol.  7,  p.  240. 


^  "^  M  ^ 


"^i  H 


u. 


^  i  >- 1 4 


a 


-^ 


j:^  n^   ^  5  1 


AND    OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN   VIRGINIA.        647 


The  Colonel  ^Mathews  here  alluded  to  is,  presumably,  the 
same  referred  to  in  a  letter  written  b}'  General  Sullivan  in 
relation  to  the  battle  of  Germantown,  in  which  he  sa}'s: 

' '  A  regiment  commanded  by  Colonel  ^Mathews  advanced 
with  rapidity  near  the  town;  but  not  being  supported  by 
some  other  regiments,  who  were  stopped  by  a  breast-work 
inear  Lucan's  jNIills,  the  brave  colonel,  after  having  per- 
formed great  feats  of  bravery,  and  being  dangerously 
wounded  in  several  places,  was  obliged  with  about  a  hun- 
dred of  his  men  to  surrender."  * 

Governor  Jefferson  addressed  an  important  letter  to 
Colonel  jNIathews,  October  8,  1779,  in  which  he  said: 

"The  proceedings  respecting  Governor  Hamilton  and 
his  companions,  previous  to  your  arrival  here,  you  are 
acquainted  with.  For  your  more  precise  information,  I  en- 
close you  the  advice  of  council  of  June  i6th,  of  that  of 
August  the  28th,  another  of  September  the  19th,  on  the 
parole  tendered  them  the  ist  instant,  and  Governor  Hamil- 
ton's letter  the  same  day,  stating  his  objections,  in  which  he 
persevered;  from  that  time  his  confinement  has  become  a 
voluntary  one.  You  delivered  us  j'our  letters  the  next 
day,  when  the  post  being  just  setting  out,  much  business 
prevented  the  council  from  taking  them  into  consideration. 
They  have  this  day  attended  to  them,  and  found  their  res- 
olution expressed  in  the  enclosed  advice,  bearing  date  this 
day. 

"It  gives  us  great  pain  that  any  of  our  countrymen 
should  be  cut  off  from  the  society  of  their  friends  and  ten- 
derest  connections,  while  it  seems  as  if  it  was  in  our  power 

*Writing6  of  Washington  (Sparks),  Vol.  5,  p.  463. 


64S    CAPTIVITY    OF   LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR    HAMILTON 

to  administer  relief.  But  we  trust  to  their  good  sense  for 
discerning,  and  their  spirit  for  bearing  up  against,  the  fal- 
lacv  of  this  appearance. 

''Governor  liainilton  and  his  companions  were  impins- 
oned  and  ironed,  ist.  In  retaliation  for  cruel  treatment  of 
our  captive  citizens  by  the  enemy  in  general.  2d.  For  the 
barbarous  species  of  warfare  which  himself  and  his  savage 
allies  carried  on  in  our  western  frontier.  3d.  For  particular 
acts  of  barbarity,  of  which  he  himself  was  personally  guilty, 
to  some  of  our  citizens  in  his  power.  Any  one  of  their 
charges  was  sufBcient  to  justify  the  measures  we  took. 

"Of  the  truth  of  the  first,  yourselves  are  witnesses. 
Your  situation,  indeed,  seems  to  have  been  better  since  you 
were  sent  to  New  York ;  but  reflect  on  what  you  suffered 
before  that,  and  knew  others  of  your  countrjanen  to  suffer, 
and  what  you  know  is  now  suffered  by  that  more  unhapp}' 
part  of  them  who  are  still  confined  on  board  of  the  prison 
ships  of  the  enem}'. 

"  Proofs  of  the  second  charge  we  have  under  Flamilton's 
own  hand  ;  and  of  the  third,  as  sacred  assurances  as  human 
testimony  is  capable  of  giving.  Humane  conduct  on  our 
part  was  found  to  produce  no  effect ;  the  contrary-,  there- 
fore, was  to  be  tried.  If  it  produces  a  proper  lenity  to  our 
citizens  in  captivity,  it  will  have  the  effect  we  meant ;  if  it 
does  not,  we  shall  return  a  severity  as  terrible  as  universal. 
If  the  causes  of  our  rigor  against  Hamilton  were  founded 
in  truth,  that  rigor  was  just,  and  would  not  give  right  to 
the  enem}'  to  commence  any  new  hostilities  on  their  part ; 
and  all  such  new  severities  are  to  be  considered,  not  as 
retaliation,   but    as    original    and    unprovoked.      If    those 


AND   OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN   VIRGINIA.        649 


causes  wei-e  not  founded  in  truth,  they  should  have  denied 
them. 

"  If,  declining  the  tribunal  of  truth  and  reason,  the}- 
choose  to  pervert  this  into  a  contest  of  cruelty  and  destruc- 
tion, we  will  contend  with  them  in  that  line,  and  measure 
out  miser}'  to  those  in  our  power  in  that  multiplied  pro- 
portion which  the  advantage  of  superior  numbers  enables 
us  to  do.  We  shall  think  it  our  particular  duty,  after  the 
information  we  gather  from  the  papers  which  have  been 
laid  before  us,  to  pay  very  constant  attention  to  your  situ- 
ation and  that  of  vour  fellow-prisoners. 

''We  hope  that  the  prudence  of  the  enemy  will  be  your 
protection  from  injury ;  and  we  are  assured  that  your  regard 
for  the  honor  of  j'our  country  would  not  permit  )'ou  to 
wish  we  should  suffer  ourselves  to  be  bullied  into  an  ac- 
quiescence, under  every  insult  and  cruelty  they  may  choose 
to  practice,  and  a  fear  to  retaliate,  least  you  should  be  made 
to  experience  additional  sufferings.  Their  officers  and 
soldiers,  in  our  hands,  are  pledged  for  your  safety;  we  are 
determined  to  use  them  as  such.  Iron  will  be  retaliated 
by  iron,  but  a  great  multiplication  on  distinguished  sub- 
jects; prison  ships  for  prison  ships,  and  like  for  like,  in 
general. 

"  I  do  not  mean  by  this  to  cover  any  officer  who  has 
acted  or  shall  act  improperly.  They  say  Captain  Willing 
was  guilty  of  great  cruelties  at  the  Natchez;  if  so,  the}'  do 
right  in  punishing  him.  I  would  use  any  powers  I  have, 
for  the  punishment  of  any  officer  of  our  own  who  should 
be  guilty  of  excesses  unjustifiable  under  the  usages  of  ci^'- 
ilized  nations.      However,  I  do  not  find  myself  obliged  to 


6c;0    CAPTIVITY   OF   LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR    HAMILTON 

believe  the  charge  against  Captain  Willing  to  be  true,  on 
the  affirmation  of  the  British  commissary,  because  in 
the  next  breath  he  claims  no  cruelties  have  as  yet  been 
inflicted  on  him.      Captain  Willing  has  been  in  irons. 

"  I  beg  you  to  be  assured,  there  is  nothing,  consistent 
with  the  honor  of  3'our  country,  which  we  shall  not  at  all 
times  be  ready  to  do  for  the  relief  of  yourself  and  com- 
panions in  captivity.  We  know  that  ardent  spirit  and 
hatred  for  tyrannj-,  which  brought  you  into  your  present 
situation,  will  enable  you  to  bear  up  against  it  with  the 
firmness  which  has  distinguished  5'ou  as  a  soldier,  and  to 
look  forward  with  pleasure  to  the  day  when  events  shall 
take  place  against  which  the  wounded  spirits  of  your  ene- 
mies will  find  no  coinfort,  even  from  reflections  on  the 
most  refined  of  the  cruelties  with  which  they  have  glutted 
themselves."  * 

On  the  9th  of  October,  1779,  the  British  soldiers  were 
transferred  from  the  jail  to  the  barrack,  and  were  allowed 
to  cut  wood  both  for  themselves  and  the  officers  in  the 
prison  when  cold  weather  arrived.  "  Even  the  American 
soldiers  on  guard,"  says  Hamilton's  narrative,  "though 
miserabl}'  bare  of  clothing  themselves,  used  to  spare  a  part 
of  their  own  fuel  for  the  dressing  of  our  victuals."  On 
Christmas  day  the  British  soldiers  were  marched  away 
to  King  William  county.  "The  weather  at  this  time  be- 
came so  intensely  cold  that  we  could  not  rise  from  the  floor, 
but  continued  day  and  night  in  our  blankets.  The  scurvy 
began  to  make  its  appearance  and  our  legs  to  swell.  The 
jailer  then  concluded  we  could  not  survive  the  severity  of 

*Jefferson's  Works,  Vol.  i,  p.  233. 


AND    OTHER   BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN   VIRGINIA.         65 1 


the  cold  in  our  present  situation,  took  us  to  an  upper  room 
in  the  jail  where  prisoners  had  formerly  been  kept.  This, 
though  it  had  no  windows,  but  an  open  grate,  was  more 
tolerable  than  the  dungeon;  we  could  light  a  fire  in  the 
chimne}'  and  b}'  sacrificing  part  of  our  blankets  to  stop  the 
grated  window  and  stuff  the  cracks  in  the  ceiling  we  made 
a  shift  to  endure  in  the  daj'time;  at  night  we  were  remanded 
to  our  dungeon. 

"April  iSth,  17S0,  Lieutenant  Schieffelin  made  his  escape 
in  compan}'  with  Monsieur  De  Rochblave  and  after  great 
risks  and  difficulties  got  to  New  York. 

"June  ist,  Mr.  Maisonville  destroyed  himself. 

"August  1st,  we  were  marched  from  Williamsburg. 
Major  Hay  and  I  sent  to  the  jail  at  Chesterfield.  The  sur- 
geon and  Mr.  Bellefeuille  to  King  William  Court-House." 

He  states  that  while  "at  Chesterfield,  our  confinement 
was  rendered  very  tolerable,  and  several  of  the  military 
and  others  who  were  convinced  of  the  injustice  and  illiber- 
ality  of  our  treatment,  showed  by  their  behavior  what 
opinion  they  had  of  the  executive  power.  In  this  jail. 
Major  Hay  and  I  had  a  very  severe,  though  shoil,  attack  of 
fever,  which  was  pretty  generally  felt  through  the  country. 
We  were  well  attended.  We  had  liberty  to  walk  about  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  jail." 

He  had  persistently  refused  all  paroles  offered,  until  in 

the  fall  of  1780,  when  word  was  sent  him  by  the  British 

authorities  that  he  was  not  likely  to  be  exchanged  at  all, 

unless  he  accepted  the  parole.      This  caused  him  to  accept, 

and  he  signed  substantially  the  same  parole  which  had  at 

all  times  been  open  to  him  for  a  year.     To  some  readers 
42 


6c;  2       CAPT1\'ITY  OF  I.IEUTENANT-GOVERNOR   HAMILTON 


it  may  look  as  if  from  some  personal  motive  of  his  own  he 
preferred  imprisonment  during  that  period  to  being  re- 
leased, as  he  could  have  secured  his  liberty  when  the  parole 
was  first  offered  him,  on  substantially  the  same  terms  he 
now  secured  it,  but  it  is  more  likely  he  was  brought  to  ac- 
cept it  by  the  advice  of  friends,  the  irksomeness  of  long 
confinement,  and  the  probability  of  facilitating  an  ex- 
change. Here  is  the  parole  as  given  by  him,  and  his  ac- 
count of  how  he  came  to  sign  it: 

"■  On  the  23d,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Towles  who  had  been 
a  long-time  prisoner  to  the  English  on  Long  Island,  arrived 
at  Chesterfield.  He  had  had  hopes  of  procuring  an  ex- 
change, and  got  permission  to  come  to  Virginia  to  effect  it,  if 
practicable.  He  brought  me  letters  from  my  friends  at 
York,  which  gave  me  to  understand  that,  unless  I  accepted 
the  parole,  there  was  little  probability  of  my  procuring  an 
exchange.  Having  therefore  written  to  Brigadier  (Alex- 
ander) Hamilton  to  request  the  continuance  of  his  kindness 
to  the  prisoners  now  removed  to  Frederic  Town,  I,  with 
Major  Hay,  accepted  the  parole,  following: 

"Lieutenant-Governor  Henry  Hamilton  Parole. 

"October  10,  1780. 
"I,  Henry  Hamilton,  lieutenant-governor  and  superin- 
tendent of  Detroit,  do  hereby  acknowledge  myself  a  pris- 
oner of  war  to  the  commonwealth  of  Virginia,  and  having 
permission  from  His  Excellency  Thomas  Jefferson,  gover- 
nor of  the  said  commonwealth,  to  go  to  New  York,  do 
pledge  my  faith  and  most  sacredly  promise  upon  my  parole 
of  honor,  that  I  will  not  do,  say,  write  or  cause  to  be  done, 
said  or  written,  directl}-  or  indirectly,  in  any  respect  what- 


AND    OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN    VIRGINIA.        653 


soever,  anything  to  the  prejudice  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  or  any  of  them,  until  I  shall  be  enlarged  from  my 
captivity  by  exchange,  or  otherwise,  with  the  consent  of 
the  said  governor  of  \^irginia,  or  his  successors,  and  that  I 
will  return,  when  required  by  the  said  governor  or  his  suc- 
cessors, to  such  place  within  the  commonwealth  as  he  shall 
point  out,  and  deliver  mj-self  up  again  to  him  or  the  person 
acting  for  or  under  him. 

''In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand 
and  seal,  at  Chesterfield,  this   loth  dav  of  October,  1780. 

"Henry  IIaahlton.  [l.s.]" 

It  must  be  admitted  that  there  was  a  sudden  changfe 
about  this  time  in  the  position  of  Governor  Jefferson  as  to 
holding  Hamilton  as  a  prisoner  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
It  will  be  seen  that  he  still  held  that  position  on  the  26th 
of  September,  1780,  when  he  wrote  as  follows  to  General 
AVashington: 

"I  was  honored  yesterday  with  3'our  favor  of  the  5th 
instant,  on  the  subject  of  prisoners,  and  particularly  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor Hamilton.  You  are  not  unapprised  of 
the  influence  of  this  officer  with  the  Indians;  his  activity 
and  embittered  zeal  against  us.  You  also,  perhaps,  know 
how  precarious  is  our  tenure  of  the  Illinois  country,  and 
how  critical  is  the  situation  of  the  new  countries  on  the 
Ohio. 

"These  circumstances  determined  us  to  detain  Governor 
Hamilton  and  Major  Hay  within  our  power,  when  we  de- 
livered up  the  other  prisoners.  On  a  late  representation 
from  the  people  of  Kentucky,  by  a  person  sent  here  from 
that  country,  and  expressions  of  what  they  had  reason  to 


654    CAPTIVITY    OF    LIEUTENANT-GO\-ERXOR    HA>riI/rON 


apprehend  from  these  two  prisoners,  in  the  event  of  their 
Hberation,  we  assured  them  they  would  not  be  parted  with, 
though  we  were  giving  up  our  other  prisoners. 

"  Lieutenant-Colonel  Dubuysson,aid  to  Baron  De  Kalb, 
lately  came  here  on  his  parole,  with  an  offer  from  Lord 
Rawdon,  to  exchange  him  for  Llamilton.  Colonel  Towles 
is  now  here  with  a  like  proposition  for  himself,  from  Gen- 
eral Phillips,  ver}'  strongly  urged  by  the  general. 

"  These,  and  other  overtures,  do  not  lessen  the  opinion 
of  the  importance  of  retaining  him;  and  they  have  been, 
and  will  be,  uniformly  rejected.  Should  the  settlement, 
indeed,  of  a  cartel  become  impracticable  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  states  to  submit  their  separate  prisoners  to  its 
obligation,  we  will  give  up  these  two  prisoners,  as  we 
would  anj'thing,  rather  than  be  an  obstacle  to  a  general 
good.  But  no  other  circumstance  would,  I  believe,  extract 
them  from  us. 

"These  two  gentlemen,  with  a  Lieutenant-Colonel  EUi- 
good,  are  the  only  separate  prisoners  we  have  retained, 
and  the  last  onlj?  on  his  own  request,  and  not  because  we 
set  any  store  by  him. 

"  There  is,  indeed,  a  Lieutenant-Governor  Rochblave, 
of  Kaskaskia,  who  has  broken  his  parole,  and  gone  to 
New  York,  whom  we  must  shortly  trouble  your  excellency 
to  demand  for  us  as  soon  as  we  can  forward  to  you  the 
proper  documents. 

"Since  the  forty  prisoners  sent  to  Winchester,  as  men- 
tioned in  my  letter  of  the  9th  ultimo,  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty  more  have  been  sent  thither,  some  of  them  taken 
by  us  at  sea,  others  sent  on  by  General  Gates. 


AND    OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN    VIRGINIA.        655 


"  The  exposed  and  weak  state  of  our  western  settle- 
ments, and  the  danger  to  which  the}/  are  subject  from  the 
northern  Indians,  acting  under  the  influence  of  the  Brit- 
ish post  at  Detroit,  render  it  necessary  for  us  to  keep  from 
five  to  eight  hundred  men  on  duty,  for  their  defense.  This 
is  a  great  and  perpetual  expense.  Could  that  post  be  re- 
duced and  retained,  it  would  cover  all  the  states  to  the 
southeast  of  it." 

Within  a  month  from  the  time  this  was  written  there 
seems  to  have  been  a  change  on  both  sides,  Hamilton 
had  signed  the  parole  he  so  long  refused,  and  the  gov- 
ernor had  consented  that  he  might  go  to  New  York  on 
parole  and  join  his  British  comrades.  This  is  the  permis- 
sion given  him  by  the  governor: 

"The  within  mentioned  Henr}/  Hamilton,  having  signed 
a  parole  of  which  this  is  a  copy,  has  permission  to  go  to 
New  York  and  to  remain  within  such  parts  of  that  state  as 
are  in  possession  of  the  armies  of  his  Britannic  majesty, 
until  he  shall  be  exchanged,  or  otherwise  liberated  with 
consent  of  the  governor  of  Virginia  for  the  time  being,  or 
until  he  shall  be  recalled  by  him. 

"  Given  under  my  hand  and  seal  of  the  commonwealth 
of  Virginia,  at  Richmond,  date  within  written. 

"Th.  Jefferson,  [l.  s.J  " 

The  following  is  the  explanation  made  :i  the  matter  in 
a  note  Governor  Jefferson  sent  General  Washington  from 
Richmond  on  the  25th  of  October: 

"  I  take  the  liberty  of  enclosing  to  you  letters  from  Gov- 
ernor Hamilton,  for  New  York.  On  some  representations 
received  by  Colonel  Towles,  that  an  indulgence  to  Gov- 


656    CAPTn'ITY    OF    LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR    HAMILTON 


ernor  Hamilton  and  his  companies  to  go  to  New  York,  on 
parole,  would  produce  the  happiest  effect  on  the  situation 
of  our  officers  in  Long  Island,  we  have  given  him,  Major 
Ha}',  and  some  of  the  same  party  at  Winchester,  leave  to 
go  there  on  parole.  The  two  former  go  by  water  the  lat- 
ter by  land/'* 

Washington  promptly  replied  from  "Headquarters  Pas- 
saic Falls,"  the  eighth  of  the  next  month,  saying:  "  I  am 
glad  to  hear  that  you  have  permitted  Governor  Hamilton 
and  Major  Haj'  to  go  to  New  York ;  while  they  remain 
there  upon  parole,  thej'  will  be  less  capable  of  concerting 
mischief  than  in  Virginia,  and  it  will  deprive  the  enemy 
of  a  pretext  for  complaining  that  they  are  treated  with 
rigor,  "f 

Released  from  a  dungeon,  and  all  the  hardships  and 
anno3'ances  of  being  a  prisoner  in  the  iinmediate  charge  of 
his  enemies,  and  clothed  with  the  authority  of  the  governor 
to  join  his  comrades  in  New  York,  it  would  seem  that 
Hamilton  ought  now  to  have  been  out  of  trouble.  But, 
according  to  his  account,  there  was  no  happiness  for  him 
as  long  as  he  remained  in  this  country.  "  Having  accepted 
this  parole,"  says  he,  "we  hastened  to  Williamsburg,  on  our 
way  to  Hampton,  and  there  were  stopped  by  the  lieuten- 
ant-governor, who,  as  General  Leslie  had  just  arrived, 
thought  it  not  advisable  to  let  us  pass,  and  gave  orders  for 
our  being  escorted  back  to  Richmond.  This  treatment  I 
resented,  telling  them  they  might  march  me  back  a  pris- 

*Jeflferson's  Works,  Vol.  i,  p.  267. 

tWritings  of  Washington  (Sparks),  Vol.  7,  p.  291. 


AND    OTHER    BRITISH    PRISONERS    IN    VIRGINIA.        6157 


oner,  but  that  this  was  a  step  they  might  judge  imprudent 
in  the  present  juncture. 

"They  seemed  to  think  so,  for  we  had  Hberty  to  pro- 
ceed. As  soon  as  I  had  given  certificates,  recommending 
to  General  LesHe  such  of  the  inhabitants  as  had  shown  an 
attachment  to  government,  or  had  been  kind  to  us  in 
our  distress,  we  proceeded  to  York,  where  some  turbulent 
people  were  reininded  to  set  a  guard  over  us  and  stop  our 
progress.  At  length  we  got  to  Hampton.  This  short 
journey  cost  us  one  thousand  pounds,  such  was  the  de- 
preciated state  of  the  paper  money  at  that  time. 

"At  Hampton  the  people  were  civil  to  us;  furnished  us 
with  a  canoe,  which  to  our  inexpressible  satisfaction  put  us 
on  board  of  His  Majesty's  sloop  Delight,  Captain  Inglis, 
who  by  his  kind  reception  of  us  presently  recruited  our 
lowered  spirits.  We  next  went  to  wait  on  Captain  Gra}-- 
ton,  commander  of  the  squadron. 

"The  cartel  vessel,  which  was  to  have  conveyed  us  from 
Hampton  to  New  York,  had  been  taken  and  the  master's 
certificate  not  appearing  genuine,  he  with  the  vessel  were 
detained. 

' '  Having  paid  our  respects  to  General  Leslie,  who  received 
us  with  the  greatest  politeness,  we  returned  to  the  Romulus, 
Captain  Grayton's  ship.  The  cartel  master  was  suffered 
to  go  to  Hampton  to  prepare  for  his  voyage.  The  stores 
which  General  Leslie  and  Captain  Grayton  had  most  liber- 
ally supplied  us,  were  plundered  by  the  Americans  on 
shore,  for  we  did  not  choose  to  risk  ourselves  out  of  a 
king's  ship.  At  length  we  set  off  from  the  Romulus  in 
our  cartel,  a  little  miserable  sloop  of  thirty-six  feet  keel, 


65B     CAPTIVITY  OF  LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR  HAMILTON 


for  a  passage  in  which  we  were  obHged  to  pa}-  four  hundred 
hard  dollars.  A  violent  gale  of  wind  obliged  us  to  anchor 
off  Smith's  Islands,  where  we  were  very  near  perishing;  our 
crew  was  three  hours  at  work  to  get  the  anchor  out  of  the 
ground;  at  last  we  got  in  home,  leaving  one  fluke  behind, 
and  to  our  no  small  mortification  were  obliged  to  put  back 
to  Hampton. 

"Here  we  were  on  the  point  of  being  detained  by  order 
of  General  Wilson,  who  had  assembled  some  militia,  but 
our  skipper  being  desirous  to  get  away,  and  having 
got  another  anchor,  we  once  more  set  sail  for  New  York. 
A  very  severe  gale  of  wind  took  us  near  the  capes  of  Dela- 
ware, when  our  skipper,  not  having  a  log  line  on  board, 
laid  the  vessel  to,  and  we  had  reason  in  the  morning  to 
admire  our  good  fortune,  for  the  wind  was  right  on  shore, 
and  it  was  twelve  at  night  when  we  lay  to,  judging  by  the 
sun  that  we  were  opposite  Delaware  Bay,  as  it  proved,  for 
we  had  driven  seven  leagues  up  the  bay  from  the  time  of 
laying  to." 

But  the  disagreeable  journey  came  to  an  end  at  last; 
the  party  landing  in  New  York,  as  Hamilton,  says,  "very 
squalid  spectacles,  not  having  had  an}'  sleep  for  three  days 
and  nights,  our  clothes  ragged,  shoes  broken,  and  so  altered 
in  face  and  figure  that  our  acquaintances  could  scarcely 
recollect  us." 

Consolation,  however,  speedily  came  from  Sir  Henry 
Clinton,  General  Phillips  and  Lord  Rawdon,  and  finally 
an  exchange  was  secured  for  Hamilton,  and  he  was,  at  last, 
entirely  free;  but  this  did  not  take  place  until  the  4th  of 
March,  1781.      He  sailed  for  England  on  the  27th  of  May, 


AND  OTHER   r.RITISH  PRISONERS  IN  \IRGINIA.  659 


of  that  year,  but  did  not  arrive  there  until  the  21st  of  the 
next  month. 

He  estabhshed  himself  in  St.  Jermj'ns  street,  London,  at 
which  place,  on  the  6th  of  Jul}-,  he  dates  his  account  and 
attempted  justification  of  his  far-reaching  defeat.  He  hopes 
"to  be  more  pitied  than  blamed,"  and  attributes  his  over- 
throw largely  to  the  treacher}'  of  the  Canadians,  Creoles  and 
French,  and  admits  that  "the  difficulties  and  danger  of 
Colonel  Clark's  march  from  Illinois  were  such  as  required 
great  courage  to  encounter,  and  great  perseverance  to  over- 
come. In  trusting  to  traitors  he  was  more  fortunate  than 
myself;  whether  on  the  whole  he  was  entitled  to  success  is 
not  for  me  to  determine." 

And  so  ended  the  long  captivity  of  Lieutenant-Governor 
Henry  Hamilton  and  his  active  connection  with  the  affairs 
of  the  American  Revolution.  Whatever  diverging  views 
may  be  taken  on  the  different  sides  of  the  Atlantic  of  his 
remarkable  career  on  American  soil,  patriotic  citizens  of 
the  United  States  must  ever  rejoice  that  Clark  e^■idenced 
the  better  and  more  successful  generalship,  and  forced  him 
to  a  complete  and  full  surrender  of  the  vast  territory  now 
so  important  a  part  of  the  American  union  of  states;  and 
however  objectionable  he  may  have  been  to  Americans. 
and  whatever  animosities  were  naturally  and  justly  aroused 
against  him  because  of  his  course  in  using  the  savages 
against  the  unprotected  settlements  of  the  frontiers,  it  can 
not  be  denied  that  he  was  at  least  ever  true  and  lo37al  to  his 
king  and  country. 

The  author  tried  in  every  direction  to  procure  his  portrait 
for  this  volume  but  was  not  successful  in  finding  it.    Know- 


OOO         CAPTIVITY  OF  LIEUTENANT-GOVERXOR  HAMILTON 


ingthe  thorough  information  of  Mr.  Douglas  Brj-mner,  the 
custodian  of  the  Canadian  archives,  upon  such  subjects, 
a  letter  was  addressed  to  him  inquiring  as  to  the  existence 
of  anv  portrait  of  Governor  Hamilton,  and  as  to  his  his- 
tory- after  his  return  to  Canada.  Mr.  Brj^mner  promptly 
replied:  "I  do  not  know  of  anj^  portrait  of  Henry  Ham- 
ilton. He  was  lieutenant-governor  of  Quebec  (Canada 
was  then  the  province  of  Quebec)  from  the  14th  Novem- 
ber, 1784,  till  the  end  of  1785,  having  only  the  civil  author- 
ity, the  civil  and  military  having  been  separated  in  the 
retirement  of  his  predecessor,  General  Haldimand.  On  the 
13th  August,  1 7815,  the  secretary  of  state  notified  Hamil- 
ton that  the  king  had  no  further  need  of  his  services. 
On  the  20th,  Hope  was  informed  that  he  was  to  succeed. 
Hope's  first  letter  as  lieutenant-governor  is  dated  12th 
October,  1785.  Hamilton  became  lieutenant-governor  of 
Bermuda  on  the  i6th  September,  1788,  and  governor 
on  the  nth  January,  1790;  he  was  afterward  appointed 
governor  of  Dominica,  the  date  of  his  appointment  being 
the  23d  of  April,  1794.  'Henry  Hamilton,  Esq.,  to  be 
captain-general  and  governor-in-chief  of  the  Island  of 
Dominica,  vice  Orde.'  He  assumed  the  duties  on  the  30th 
of  November,  1794.  The  date  of  his  death  I  have  not 
ascertained."  From  other  sources  the  author  ascertained 
that  Hamilton  died  at  Antigua,  in  September,  1796. 

The  author  also  sought  the  portrait  and  information  as 
to  Hamilton  in  England,  and  through  the  kindness  of 
Honorable  Thomas  F.  Bavard,  United  States  ambassador, 
and  of  Benjamin  F.  Stevens,  Esquire,  United  States  gov- 
ernment   dispatch    agent  in    London,    received    copies   of 


AND  OTHER  RRITISH  PRISONERS  IN  X'IRGIXIA.  66l 


several  valuable  papers  from  the  public  records  there  relat- 
ing to  Hamilton,  and  also  the  information  that  "he  was 
the  fourth  son  of  Gustavus  Frederick,  seventh  Viscount 
Boyne."  A  letter  fi-om  ^Ir.  Stevens,  dated  "London, 
October  17,  1891:;,  sa}s,"  "I  am  writing  to  the  present  Vis- 
count Boyne  on  the  possible  chance  of  a  portrait  of  Gov- 
ernor Hamilton  being  preserved  in  the  famil}'.  If  any 
information  is  obtained  I  shall  have  pleasure  in  repeating  it 
to  you."  If  received,  and  in  time,  the  portrait  will  be  in 
this  volume. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

COLONEL  CLARK  RETURNS    TO  THE   FALLS    OF  OHIO— CON- 
DITION  OF  AFFAIRS  THERE. 

Fort  near  mouth  of  Ohio  determined  upon — Develops  his  plans  in  a  general 
order — Also  in  a  letter  to  Governor  John  Todd — Letter  of  Todd  to  Governor 
Jefferson  approving  Clark's  plans — Clark  proceeds  to  mouth  of  Ohio  early 
in  17S0 — Builds  Fort  Jefferson  a  few  miles  below — Intended  for  a  settlement 
and  garrison  combined — Besieged  by  Indians — Heroic  defense — Captain 
George  Owens  and  his  descendants — Garrison  finally  relieved — Indians  with- 
draw from  its  vicinity — Perilous  journey  made  by  Clark  from  Fort  Jefferson 
to  Harrisburg — British  and  Indians  invade  Kentuckv — Clark's  campaign 
against  the  Indians  at  old  Chillicothe  and  Piqua — Distressing  particulars  of 
death  of  Joseph  Rogers — Clark  returns  to  Kentucky — Deplorable  condition 
of  affairs  there,  at  Fort  Jefferson  and  the  Illinois — Official  letters  on  the  sub- 
ject— Sketch  of  George  Slaughter  and  Silas  Harlan — Fort  Jefferson  finally 
abandoned — La  Balrae's  defeat. 

^^^pHEN  Colonel  Clark  retiirned  to  the  falls  of  the 
gJ^jMfe  Ohio,  at  the  close  of  the  summer  of  1779,  he 
found  that  quite  an  accession  had  been  made  to  the  popu- 
lation of  that  vicinit}',  and  of  Kentucky  generally,  and  he 
at  once  took  steps  to  further  the  public  interests  in  every 
possible  way.  The  garrison  left  on  Corn  island  had  already 
removed  to  the  main  land  on  the  Kentucky  side,  and  a  rude 
stockade  fort  had  been  constructed,  probably  near  where 
Twelfth  street  in  Louisville  now  intersects  the  river. 

He  not  only  devoted  himself  to  matters  pertaining  to  the 
defense  of  the  country,  but  took  great  interest  in  promot- 

(663) 


664        COI.ONET.  CT.ARK  THE  FOUNDER  OF  LOUISVILLE. 


ing  the  welfare  of  the  settlement  at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio, 
which  his  keen  foresight  realized  was  destined  to  develop 
into  a  place  of  much  importance. 

He  has  the  honor  of  being  the  founder  of  the  important 
city  of  Louisville,  which  has  a  justifiable  pride  in  havmg 
such  an  illustrious  founder.  A  well  informed  historian  of 
that  city  says,  "  to  him  belongs  the  honor  of  settling  our  city 
as  clearl}-  as  belongs  to  him  the  glory  of  the  capture  of  Vin- 
cennes,  Kaskaskia,  and  Cahokia."*  It  was  a  high  com- 
pliment to  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  as  a  desirable  location  that 
he  started  a  settlement  there  and  made  it  his  depot  of  sup- 
plies in  the  spring  of  1778,  when  he  had  so  many  other 
beautiful  and  desirable  sites  on  the  Ohio  to  select  from,  and 
that  he  confirmed  his  first  judgment  by  returning  to  it  after 
the  capture  of  the  Wabash  and  Illinois  country  from  the 
British,  and  established  his  headquarters  permanently  there, 
"as  the  best  place,"  as  he  tells  us,  "of  having  a  general 
supervision  over  the  whole."  This  action,  and  the  security 
given  by  the  forts  he  caused  to  be  built  there,  attracted  the 
first  settlers,  and  fixed  the  future  destinj'  of  Louisville,  Jef- 
fersonville  and  New  Albany.  Had  he  chosen  the  mouth  of 
the  Kentuck}'  river,  as  he  was  urged  to  do,  the  first  settlers 
would  have  naturally  been  attracted  to  that  point.  Clark 
undoubtedly  gave  the  matter  much  thought,  and  looked  far 
into  the  future  in  making  this  selection.  He  expected  two 
great  cities  to  arise  some  day  at  the  falls:  first  Louisville,  to 
be  followed  later,  as  the  countr}/  became  populous,  by  one 
on  the  other  side  of  the  river,  which  he  hoped  would  bear 

*R.  T.  Durrett  in  Centenarj'  of  Louisville,  p.  42. 


PI.ANS  WISELY  FOR  A  GREAT  CITY.  66c; 


his  name.*  But,  until  Virginia  made  the  grant  for  Clarks- 
ville,  the  planning  of  what  he  expected  would  be  a  great 
city  at  Louisville  absorbed  his  attention.  The  wisdom  and 
far-reaching  benefits  of  the  plan  he  then  drew  up  for  the 
cit}-  is  now  generall}-  conceded,  and  where  it  has  been  de- 
parted from  generall}'  deplored.  Upon  this  subject  one  of 
the  most  competent  judges  says  :  "When  General  George 
Rogers  Clark  returned  from  the  conquest  of  the  Illinois 
country  in  the  fall  of  1779,  and  took  up  his  abode  in  Louis- 
ville, he  drew  a  plan  of  the  proposed  town  of  Louisville, 
and  made  a  map  of  the  public  and  private  divisions  of  the 
land  as  he  thought  thev  ought  to  be  established.  This 
map  is  still  preserved,  and  it  shows  the  wonderful  sagacit}' 
of  General  Clark.  From  his  little  room  in  the  fort,  at  the 
foot  of  Twelfth  street,  he  looked  far  into  the  future  and 
saw  the  need  of  public  grounds  for  breathing  places  when 
the  city  should  become  populous.  His  map  shows  all  the 
ground  between  Main  street  and  the  river,  from  First  to 
Twelfth  streets,  marked  'public'  Also  a  strip  of  ground 
half  a  square  in  width,  just  south  of  Jefferson  street,  run- 
ning the  whole  length  of  the  town,  marked  'public'  Also 
two  whole  squares,  where  the  court-house  now  stands, 
marked  'public'  If  this  plan  of  the  town  had  been  ac- 
cepted by  the  trustees  and  adhered  to  by  their  successors, 
Louisville  would  be  one  of  the  handsomest  cities  on  the 

*In  view  of  the  progress  and  development  at  the  falls  since  177S,  what  greater 
cities  mav  be  expected  there  when  another  like  period  shall  have  passed  away. 
Possibly  the  day  may  yet  come  when  the,  now  comparatively  little,  vacant 
ground  between  Jeilersonville,  Clarksville  and  New  Albany  will  all  be  built  up, 
and  the  three  places  be  united  in  one  city.  Then,  if  the  name  of  Clark  should  be 
substituted  for  the  present  names,  his  dream  of  the  future  city  on  the  north  side 
of  the  river  would  at  last  be  fullv  realized. 


6(j6     original  PI.AXt^  OF  LOUISVILLE  AND  JEFFERSONVILLE. 


continent  to-day.  The  trustees,  however,  either  for  want 
of  capacit^•  to  see  the  advantages  of  holding  this  property 
for  the  public,  or  from  necessity  to  pa\'  debts  against  it, 
sold  all  this  propert}',  except  the  court-house  square  and  the 
grave-yard.  It  brought  but  little  when  sold.  It  would  be 
worth  millions  now  in  the  shape  of  pai^k  propertv,  with  a 
number  of  grand  old  forest  trees  upon  it.  This  map  of 
General  Clark  only  extends  to  Jefferson  street,  but  tradi- 
tion sa3's  that  it  was  part  of  his  plan  to  have  the  strip  of 
ground  it  shows  south  of  Jefferson  repeated  at  intervals  of 
every  three  squares  as  the  citv  should  enlarge."*  It  is  a 
singular  coincidence  that  when  William  Henry  Harrison, 
governor  of  Indiana  territor}-,  and  Isaac  Bowman,  one  of 
Clark's  officers,  requested  President  Jefferson  to  draw  the 
plan  for  a  town  at  the  falls,  to  be  laid  off  on  land  on  the 
north  side  of  the  river,  which  Bowman  had  donated,  to  be 
called  Jeffersonville,  that  Mr.  Jefferson  should  have  adopted 
the  same  liberal  ideas  as  to  public  squares  and  grounds 
that  had  been  adopted  by  General  Clark  for  Louisville,  and 
that  in  both  instances  the  plans  should  have  been  aban- 
doned.    Yet  such  is  the  fact. 

But  other  points  than  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  were  also  re- 
ceiving Colonel  Clark's  attention. 

The  establishment  of  a  strong  fort  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Ohio  had  been  for  some  time  considered  as  essential  to 
American  success.  Governor  Henr}',  as  far  back  as  Janu- 
ary, 1778,  wrote  that  it  was  "in  contemplation  to  establish 
a  post  near  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  with  cannon  to  fortify 
it. "     Thomas  Jefferson,  who  succeeded  Henry  as  governor 

*R.  T.  Durrett  in  Centenary  of  Louisville,  pp.  42-43. 


FORT  NEAR  THE  MOUTH  OF  OHIO  CONTEMPLATED.     667 

on  the  I  St  of  June  of  that  year,  renewed  the  project,  and 
followed  it  up,  vigorously,  until  consummated.  The  object, 
in  part,  was  to  strengthen  the  American  claim  to  the  country 
as  far  west  as  the  Mississippi,  and  a  line  of  forts  was  con- 
templated from  Fort  Jefferson  northwardly,  towards  the 
lakes.  Colonel  Clark  warml}-  approved  the  building  of 
the  fort  near  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and  did  what  he 
could  to  carry  it  into  execution,  but  it  progressed  slowly,  of 
necessity.  Some  Kentuckians  did  not  seem  to  favor  it  be- 
cause it  would  weaken  the  settlements  by  drawing  off  a 
portion  of  the  militia  much  needed  nearer  home. 

Colonel  Clark's  plan  was  not  only  to  build  and  garrison 
a  fort,  but  to  induce  families  to  settle  there  by  liberal  grants 
of  land.  He  issued  the  following  order,  to  that  end,  to 
Captain  Silas  Martin,  soon  after  his  return  to  the  falls: 

"September  30,  1779. 
"(7.  R.  Clark  to  Captain  Silas  Martin,  etc.,  Com- 
mander 0/  Militia  Headquarters  Falls  of  Ohio: 
"By  George   Rogers   Clark,  Esq.,  Colonel  of  the  Illinois 

Battalion,  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Virginia  Forces 

in  the  Western  Department,  Etc.,  Etc. 

"Whereas  a  fort  is  intended  immediately  to  be  built  near 
the  mouth  of  Ohio,  and  a  number  of  artificers  wanting  to 
carry  on  the  works,  as  well  other  inhabitants, 

"I  do,  by  the  virtue  of  the  power  and  authority  to  me 
given,  authorize  you  to  raise  any  number  of  persons  that 
you  can  get  to  become  settlers  at  said  post,  the  whole  to  be 
under  pay  as  militia  as  long  as  necessary.     You  are  to  ren- 

43 


668        FORT  NEAR  THE  MOUTH  OF  OHIO  CONTEMPLATED. 


dezvous   at  this  place  by  the  first  day  of  December  next. 
Given  from  under  my  hand." 

The  fall  and  winter  passed  without  building  the  fort,  but 
in  March,  1780,  Colonel  Clark  reviewed  the  situation  and 
developed  his  plans  in  the  following  letter  to  Colonel  John 
Todd,  the  then  governor  of  the  Illinois  country:  "By  the 
account  from  ever}-  post  in  the  Illinois  so  nearly  corres- 
ponding, I  make  no  doubt  of  the  English  regaining  the 
interest  of  many  tribes  of  Indians,  and  their  designs  against 
the  Illinois,  perhaps  on  Governor  ITamilton's  plan,  and 
without  some  speedy  check  may  prove  fatal  to  Kentucky 
and  the  total  loss  of  the  western  country  on  the  Mississippi. 
I  am  not  clear  but  the  Spaniards  would  fondly  suffer  their 
settlements  in  the  Illinois  to  fall  into  ours  for  the  sake  of 
having  the  opportunity  of  retaking  both.  I  doubt  they 
are  too  fond  (of)  territor}^  to  think  of  restoring  it  again. 

"Although  there  are  but  few  British  troops  on  the  lakes 
(the)  deficiency  is  fully  replaced  by  the  imnrense  quantity 
of  goods  they  have,  the  effects  of  which  among  the  sav- 
ages you  well  know.  Not  being  apprehensive  of  a  visit, 
I  make  no  doubt  of  their  having  planned  some  expedition 
of  importance  against  our  posts,  which,  if  they  gain,  may 
be  attended  with  greater  consequences  than  I  have  hinted 
at.  They  have  greater  opportunities  of  knowing  our  situ- 
ation than  we  have  of  theirs,  which  you  know  they  could 
not  deprive  us  of.  You  well  know  the  difficulties  we  have 
labored  under  with  our  joint  efforts  to  maintain  our  ground, 
and  support  our  interest  among  the  savages  in  that  depart- ' 
ment,  and  the  reason  why — which  is  now  greater  than 
ever  as  the  bad  crops  and  the  severity  of  the  winter  hath 


FORT  NEAR  THE  MOUTH  OF  OHIO  CONTEiMPI.ATED.         669 


rendered  it  impossible  for  tlie  towns  in  the  Illinois  to  make 
an}-  further  supplies  until  next  harvest. 

''The  troops  being  entitled  to  a  discharge  in  a  few  weeks, 
except  those  that  have  re-enlisted  when  joined  bj'  Captain 
Rogers — when  armed  will  not  amount  to  more  than  one 
hundred  and  fifty,  which  is  too  few,  under  our  present  cir- 
cumstances, to  think  of  defending  the  different  posts  we 
now  occupy.  Letters  from  His  Excellency,  and  a  promis- 
ing account  from  our  recruiting  officers  may,  perhaps,  soon 
alter  our  apparent  circuinstances,  but,  as  yet,  receiving  no 
advice  from  either,  already  meeting  with  many  disappoint- 
ments in  my  expectations,  much  to  the  disadvantage  of  the 
department,  a  few  weeks'  hesitation  mav  be  productive  of 
long  future  disadvantage.  I  think  it  best  to  act  as  though 
we  had  no  expectation  of  being  assisted  either  with  men  or 
provisions.  Your  counsel,  not  only  necessary,  but  which 
you  know  I  prize,  is  what  I  want. 

"If  we  were  tolerably  formidable  at  any  one  post  that  we 
could  subsist  at,  it  might  have  a  great  and  good  effect.  As 
I  hinted  to  lay  aside  all  expectations  of  a  re-enforcement,  I 
see  but  the  one  probable  method  of  maintaining  our  authority 
in  the  Illinois,  which  is  this;  by  immediately  evacuating 
our  present  posts,  and  let  our  whole  force  center  at  or  near 
the  mouth  of  Ohio,  which  will  be  too  contemptible  to  answer 
the  good  effect  proposed,  without  we  fall  upon  some  method 
to  draw  off  a  considerable  re-enforcement  from  Kentuck}' 
of  militia. 

"Families  would  be  of  the  greatest  sei-vice,  as  they  are 
always  followed  by  two  or  three  times  their  numbers  of 
young  men.     They  would  with  their  store  of  provisions  be 


670    FORT  NEAR  THE  MOUTH  OF  OHIO  CONTEMPLATED. 


able  to  victual  great  part  of  our  troops  in  proportion  to 
their  number,  which,  if  only  one  hundred,  b}'  the  ensuing 
fall  would  be  able  to  victual  a  regiment,  besides  establish- 
ing a  post  that  His  Excellenc)'  is  very  anxious  for,  the  reason 
I  imagine  we  are  both  acquainted  with,  and  the  interests  of 
all  the  western  country  call  for. 

"One  hundred  families,  their  followers,  the  troops  we 
have  already  engaged,  those  \\'hose  time  of  service  is  or 
shorth-  will  expire,  that  would  remain  at  the  place,  when 
joined,  would  be  considerable.  The  report  of  which  by 
the  time  it  reached  our  enemies  would  be  augmented,  per- 
haps, to  treble  our  numbers,  as  such  intelligence  is  alwa3-s 
aggravated  by  the  Indians;  and  I  don't  doubt  but  that  it 
would  put  a  stop  for  some  time  to  their  proceedings,  as  I 
know  it  would  greatly  confuse  the  Indians  they  are  like  to 
win  from  us,  as  our  teinporary  force,  with  the  French 
militia,  probably  counting  the  Spaniards,  would  be  too  con- 
siderable for  them  to  tamper  with. 

"Our  only  chance  at  present  to  save  that  country  is  by 
encouraging  the  families,  but  I  am  sensible  nothing  but 
land  will  do  it.  I  should  be  exceedingly  cautious  in  doing 
an3'thing  that  would  displease  government,  but  their  pres- 
ent interest,  in  many  respects  obvious  to  us  both,  call  so 
loud  for  it,  that  I  think,  sir,  that  you  might  even  venture  to 
give  a  deed  for  fort}'  or  fifty  thousand  acres  of  land  at  said 
place,  at  the  price  that  government  ma}/  demand  for  it.  It 
interferes  with  no  claim  of  our  friendly  Indians  (and  would 
be)  the  greatest  barrier  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  Illinois 
against  the  southern  Indians — security  of  the  general  com- 
merce and  perhaps  the  saving  of  the  country  to  the  state, 


FORT  M5AR  THE  MOlil'H  C)l''  OHIO  COXTEMPLATEI).         67  I 


and  probably  in  a  few  months  enable  us  to  act  again  on 
the  offensive. 

"I  should  be  against  suffering  families  to  settle  promis- 
cuousl_v  in  any  part  of  the  Illinois  at  present,  but  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  said  post  is  so  necessarj-.  and  as  it  can  not  be 
complete  without  the  families,  I  think  it  }'our  duty  to  give 
the  aforesaid  encouragement  and  such  instructions  as  would 
confine  the  people  for  some  time  to  a  fort.  Before  }'ou 
could  consult  government  it  might  be  too  late.  Sustenance 
for  some  time  ^\•ill  be  procured  with  difficulty. 

"I  can  not  think  of  the  conseqviences  of  losing  possession 
of  the  country-  without  a  more  determined  resolution  to 
risk  ever-s"  point  rather  than  suffer  it,  for  they,  the  English, 
can  not  execute  anv  matter  of  verj-  great  importance  among 
the  savages  without  it.  I  know  3'our  concern  to  be  equal 
to  mine;  if  you  concur  with  me  in  sentiment,  let  me  know 
immediately,  or  such  amendment  as  you  might  think  more 
advantageous.''  * 

Colonel  Todd  approved  these  suggestions,  and  acted  upon 
them,  as  will  be  seen  from  his  letter  to  Governor  Jefferson, 
in  which  he  said:  "On  consulting  with  Colonel  Clark,  we 
found  it  impracticable  to  maintain  so  many  posts  in  the 
Illinois  with  so  few  means  and  concluded  it  better  to  draw 
them  all  to  one  post.  The  land  at  the  junction  of  the  Ohio 
and  Mississippi  was  judged  best  situated  for  the  purpose 
as  it  would  command  the  trade  on  an  extensive  countr}- 
on  both  sides  of  each  river  and  might  serve  as  a  check  to 
any  encroachments  from  our  present  allies,  the  Spaniards, 
whose  growing  power  might  justly  put  us  upon  our  guard 

♦Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  i,  p.  33S. 


6-jl  INDIAN  ATTACK  UPON  ISAAC  BOW?iIAN's  PARTY. 


and  whose  fondness  for  engrossing  territory  might  other- 
wise urge  them  higher  up  the  river  upon  our  side  than  we 
would  wish. 

"The  expenses  in  erecting  this  new  post  and  victuaHng 
the  men  would  have  been  obstacles  insurmountable  without 
a  settlement  contiguous  to  the  garrison  to  support  it,  where 
adventurers  would  assist  the  soldiers  in  the  heavy  work  of 
building  their  fortifications.  I  therefore  granted  to  a  cer- 
tain number  of  families  four  hundred  acres  to  each  family, 
at  a  price  to  be  settled  by  the  general  assembly,  with  com- 
missions for  civil  and  militar}'  officers,  and  the  necessary 
instructions.  Copies  of  the  principal  of  which  I  herewith 
send  you.  The  other  being  agreeable  to  the  printed  forms 
heretofore  delivered  nre  by  the  governor  and  council. 

"Lest  the  withdrawing  our  troops  from  St.  Vincennes 
might  raise  suspicions  among  the  citizens,  to  our  disadvan- 
tage, I  have  sent  to  Major  Bosseron,  the  then  district  com- 
mandant, blank  commissions,  with  powers  to  raise  one 
company  and  put  them  in  possession  of  the  garrison,  with 
assurances  that  pay  and  rations  should  be  allowed  them  by 
the  government.  AVhen  Colonel  Clark  left  the  falls,  his 
officers  and  men,  to  the  amount  of  perhaps  one  hundred 
and  twenty,  were  all  well  clothed  except  in  the  article  of 
linens. 

"Mr.  Isaac  Bowman,  with  seven  or  eight  men  and  one 
family,  set  off  from  Kaskaskias  the  ic^th  November  last, 
in  a  batteau,  attended  by  another  batteau  with  twelve  men 
and  three  or  four  families  in  it,  bound  to  the  falls  of  Ohio. 
I  judged  it  safer  to  send  to  the  falls  many  articles  belonging  to 
the  commonwealth  by  Bowman  than  to  bring  them  myself 


FORT  JEFFERSON  BUILT  NEAR  MOUTH  OF  THE  OHIO.       673 


by  land.  Bowman's  batteau  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Chickasaw  Indians,  and  the  other  arrived  in  March  or 
April  at  the  French  Lick  on  Cumberland,  with  the  account 
that  Bowman  and  all  the  men  except  one  Riddle  (Ruddell) 
were  killed  and  taken.  I  enclose  Your  Excellency  a  list  of 
such  articles  as  belonged  to  the  state,  as  well  as  I  can  make 
out  from  my  detached  memorandums.  My  books  and 
many  necessary  papers  being  also  lost.  INIany  necessary 
articles  of  intelligence  yet  remain  unmentioned.  I  will 
enjoy  no  leisure  until  I  shall  have  fully  acquainted  Your 
Excellency  with  the  situation  of  the  Illinois."  Bowman 
was  not  killed  as  stated  in  this  letter  of  Colonel  Todd,  but 
was  captured  by  the  Indians,  as  will  be  fully  related  fur- 
ther on. 

Early  in  1780  Colonel  Clark,  with  a  sinall  force — from 
one  hundred  and  twenty  to  two  hundred  men — proceeded 
to  a  place  on  the  Mississippi  river  called  Iron  Banks,  four 
or  five  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  where  they 
erected  several  block-houses  and  a  fort,  in  what  is  now 
Ballard  county,  Kentucky,  which  was  called  Fort  Jeffer- 
son, in  honor  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  then  governor  of  Vir- 
ginia. From  inadvertence,  or  cause  not  now  known,  the 
consent  of  the  Indians  had  not  been  obtained  for  the  erec- 
tion of  the  fort,  and,  as  they  had  not  relinquished  the  land, 
it  naturally  offended  them,  and  led  to  skirmishes  and  such 
acts  of  hostility  as  prevented  settlements  outside  the  fort, 
and  thus  defeated  the  carrying  out  of  an  important  part 
of  Colonel  Clark's  plan  of  having  a  self-sustaining  settle- 
ment and  fort  combined. 


6/4  INDIANS  ATTACK  FORT  JEFFERSON, 


Finally  the  Choctaw  and  Cherokee  Indians  united,  and 
over  one  thousand  warriors,  under  the  leadership  of  a 
Scotchman,  named  Colbert,  who  had  obtained,  and  whose 
descendants  long  held,  great  power  among  them,  laid  siege 
to  the  fort,  which  had  then,  from  various  causes,  been  re- 
duced to  a  garrison  of  only  about  thirty  men.  Much  sick- 
ness prevailed  in  that  region,  and  the  Americans  were 
badly  prepared  to  make  resistance  ;  but,  notwithstanding 
these  disadvantages,  they  inade  a  most  gallant  defense. 

The  Indians  continued  the  siege,  in  vain,  for  five  or  six 
days,  which  was  an  unusually  long  time  for  Indians  to  hold 
together  in  such  an  attempt.  Their  principal  camp  was  on 
an  island  near  the  fort  and  the  mouth  of  Mayfield  creek, 
now  known  as  Island  Number  One.  The  Americans  were 
reduced  to  great  extremities.  There  was  not  only  sickness 
in  the  fort,  but  scarcity  of  water  and  food,  the  latter  being 
finally  reduced  to  unripe  pumpkins.  But,  worn  out  as 
they  were  with  loss  of  sleep,  and  the  constant  strain  of 
watching  and  fighting,  day  and  night,  there  was  no  thought 
of  surrender. 

Finally  the  Indians  made  a  desperate  night  assault  on  the 
fort,  but  were  entrapped  into  a  position  within  reach  of  the 
fire  of  a  cannon,  or  swivel,  heavily  loaded  with  rifle  and 
musket  balls.  This  had  been  planted  by  Captain  George 
Owens  in  a  place  unsuspected  by  the  Indians,  and  was 
fired  when  they  were  crowded  together  in  close  range  of 
the  gun.  The  carnage  was  terrific,  and  the  survivors  with- 
drew in  hot  haste.  Colbert  was  wounded,  and  the  attack 
was  not  renewed.  But  the  Indians  did  not  retire  entirely 
from  that  part  of  the  country  until  the  arrival  of  Colonel 


CAPTAIN  GEORGE  OWENS.  675 


Clark  with  re-enforcements  and  provisions,  when  the}'  gave 
up  the  contest  and  returned  to  their  respective  villages. 

CAPTAIN    GEORGE    OWENS. 

Captain  George  Owens,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
the  chief  actor  in  this  slaughter  of  the  Indians,  came  to  a 
sad  end  a  few  years  later,  and  the  savages  had  a  terrible  re- 
venge. They  captured  him  near  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  in 
what  is  now  Indiana,  as  he  was  hunting,  or  attempting  to 
pass  between  the  falls  and  Vincennes,  and,  after  torturing 
him  in  the  most  frightful  manner,  finally  burned  him  to 
death  at  the  stake  at  or  near  the  Wea  towns  ( Ouiatanon ) . 
It  is  said  he  himself  had  some  Indian  blood  in  his  veins. 
His  descendants  settled  in  Scott  countv,  Indiana.  The 
author  knew  them  intimately,  and  when  a  young  man 
heard  Captain  Owens's  sons,  George  and  Thomas,  then 
old  men,  speak  of  these  events.  Their  hatred  of  the  In- 
dian race  was  so  vehement  that  the  people  of  Lexington, 
then  the  county  seat  of  Scott  countv,  had  much  difficult}- 
in  keeping  them  from  killing  two  friendly  Indians  who 
happened  at  that  place  half  a  centurv  after  Captain  Owens's 
death,  and  long  after  the  Indian  wars  in  that  region  were 
ended.  The  author  was  present  and  remembers  the  cir- 
cumstances distinctly.  Abednego  Owens,  who  died  in 
Scott  county,  in  1894,  at  an  advanced  age,  and  Thomas 
Owens,  who  removed  to  Texas  many  years  before  that 
date,  were  grandsons  of  this  historic  Captain  George  Owens, 
and  there  were  other  grandchildren  whose  names  are  not 
now  remembered. 


676    CLARK  CROSSES  THE  WILDERNESS  TO  HARRODSTOWN. 


The  author  was  intrusted  by  the  family  with  a  number  of 
papers  which  had  belonged  to  Captain  Owens,  and  among 
them  is  the  following  peculiarly  worded  receipt  given  by 
John  Montgomer}',  who  was  a  prominent  officer  in  Clark's 
Illinois  campaigns:  "This  is  to  certify  that  George  Owens 
and  me  have  settled  acumpts  and  have  received  full  satis- 
faction of  all  demands  from  the  beginning  of  the  world  to 
this  day.      I  say  received  of  me. 

"IMarch  24,  1787.  John  Montgomery." 

But  it  was  not  the  southern  Indians  alone  that  were  giving 
trouble  about  the  time  of  the  unsuccessful  siege  of  Fort 
Jefferson.  The  northern  Indians,  as  Colonel  Clark  knew, 
were  preparing,  under  British  leadership,  to  attack  the 
American  frontiers;  probably  in  furtherance  of  Hamilton's 
original  plan  of  a  united  movement,  which  was  expected 
to  sweep  everything  before  it. 

Knowing  this,  and  vigilant  ever,  he  determined  to  meet 
it  by  a  counter  movement  against  the  enemy.  To  that 
end  he  made  his  sta}^  short  at  Fort  Jefferson,  and  started 
across  the  wilderness  for  Harrodsburg  with  only  one  or  two 
companions.  It  was  an  exceedingly  fatiguing  and  perilous 
journey  on  foot,  and  they  had  to  cross  many  swollen  streams 
by  swimming,  or  on  rafts  made  of  logs  bound  together 
by  grape  vines.  There  were  no  roads,  and  the  country 
was  full  of  roving  bands  of  Indians.  To  deceive  them, 
Clark  and  his  companions  painted  their  faces  and  dressed 
like  the  savages,  which  artifice  came  near  getting  them  into 
serious  trouble,  as  they  finally  met  a  party  of  whites  who 
were  firing  at  them  before  their  identity  was  made  known. 


DANGEKCH'S  SITUATION  OF  THE  AMERICANS.  677 


They  lived  on  buffalo  and  other  game,  and  finally  arrived 
at  Harrodsburg  at  a  fortunate  time  for  Clark's  purposes,  as 
there  was  a  large  assemblage  of  men,  for  that  period,  who 
had  gathered  there  to  enter  lands  in  the  surveyor's  office. 
Clark  took  the  responsibilitv  of  temporarily  closing  the 
office,  and  proceeded  at  once  to  enrolling  volunteers,  and 
was  quite  successful,  although  there  was  some  grumbling 
among  the  land  speculators  at  his  arbitrarily  closing  the 
land-office.  lie  adopted  other  necessary,  but  equally 
positive  measures,  such  as  sending  a  small  force  to  a  point 
on  the  wilderness  road,  then  the  principal  outlet  from 
Kentuck^■,  to  turn  back  or  disarm  ever}-  one  trying  to  leave 
the  country  at  this  time  of  peril. 

In  the  spring  of  1780  the  Americans  in  the  west  were  in 
great  danger  in  several  quarters.  In  addition  to  the  formid- 
able invasion  of  Kentucky  by  the  British  and  Indians  under 
Colonel  Bird,  a  movement  against  Cahokia  and  St.  Louis 
was  inaugurated  by  the  Illinois  river  and  more  western 
routes  than  had  before  been  followed.  Of  this  contemplated 
expedition  Lieutenant-Governor  Sinclair,  British  command- 
ant at  ^Nlichilimackinac,  wrote  General  Haldimand,  the  29th 
of  May,  saying: 

"Your  Excellency  was  informed  bv  my  letter  of  Febru- 
ary last,  that  a  party  was  to  leave  this  place  on  the  loth 
of  March  to  engage  the  Indians  to  the  westward  in  an 
attack  on  the  Spanish  and  Illinois  countr}'.  Seven  hun- 
dred and  fifty  men,  including  traders,  servants  and  Indians, 
proceeded  with  them  down  the  Mississippi  for  that  pur- 
pose on  the  2d  day  of  May. 


678         THE  SPANISH  AND  ILLINOIS  COUNTRY  INVADED. 


"During  the  time  necessarj'  for  assembling  the  Indians 
at  La  Prairie  du  Chien,  detachments  were  made  to  watch 
the  river  to  intercept  crafts  coming  up  with  provisions  and 
to  seize  upon  the  people  working  in  the  lead  mines.  Both 
one  and  the  other  were  effected  without  any  accident. 

''Thirty-six  Minomies,  at  first  intended  as  an  escort, 
have  brought  to  this  place  a  large,  armed  boat,  loaded  at 
Pencour,  in  which  were  twelve  men  and  a  rebel  commis- 
sary. From  the  mines  they  have  brought  seventeen  Span- 
ish and  rebel  prisoners,  and  stopped  fifty  tons  of  lead  ore, 
and  from  both  they  obtained  a  good  supply  of  provisions. 
The  chiefs  Machiquawish  and  Wabasha  have  kindled  this 
spirit  in  the  western  Indians. 

"  Captain  Langlade,  with  a  chosen  band  of  Indians  and 
Canadians,  will  join  a  party  assembled  at  Chicago,  to 
make  his  attack  by  the  Illinois  river,  and  another  party  are 
sent  to  watch  the  plains  between  the  Wabash  and  the  Mis- 
sissippi. 

"  I  am  now  in  treaty  with  the  Ottawas  about  furnishing 
their  quota  to  cut  off  the  rebels  at  Post  St.  Vincents,  but 
as  they  are  under  the  management  of  two  chiefs,  the  one  a 
drunkard  and  the  other  an  avaricious  trader,  I  met  with 
difficulties  in  bringing  it  about.  Thirty  Saguinah  warriors 
are  here  in  readiness  to  join  them,  and  the  island  band  can 
furnish  as  many  more. 

"A  part  of  the  Menominis  who  are  come  here,  some 
Puants,  Sacks  and  Rhenards,  go  away  immediately  to  watch 
the  lead  mines.  Orders  will  be  published  at  the  Illinois  for 
no  person  to  go  there  who  looks  for  receiving  quarter,  and 
the  Indians  have  orders  to  give  none  to  any  without  a  British 


THE  SPANISH  AND  ILLINOIS  COUNTRY  INVADED.         679 


pass.  This  requires  everj^  attention,  and  support  being  of 
the  utmost  consequence." 

Some  damage  was  done  by  the  invaders  on  the  Spanish 
side  of  tlie  river,  but,  in  the  main,  the  expedition  proved  a 
failure.  ^Vn  exaggerated  account  is  given  in  a  letter  writ- 
ten by  Sinclair  to  Haldimand  on  the  8th  of  July,  1780, 
which  sa^■s  : 

"I  have  the  honor  to  inforin  Your  Excellency  that  the 
two  vessels  sent  into  Lake  Michigan  have  returned.  They 
fortunateh'  carried  from  this  a  force  sufficient  to  enable  the 
party  retiring  from  the  Illinois  by  Chicago  to  pass  with 
safety  through  a  band  of  Indians  in  the  rebel  interest  and 
to  embark  in  securitv,  some  in  canoes  and  some  on  board 
the  vessels.  The  others  retired  in  two  divisions,  one  by 
the  Mississippi  with  Monsieur  Calve,  who  allowed  the 
prisoners  taken  by  the  Sacks  and  Outagamies  to  fall  into 
the  hands  of  the  enemy.  The  other  division  penetrated 
the  country  between  Lake  Michigan  and  the  Mississippi, 
and  are  arrived  here  with  their  prisoners.  Two  hundred 
Illinois  cavalry  arrived  at  Chicago  five  days  after  the  ves- 
sels left  it.  On  the  26th  of  May  Mr.  Hesse,  with  the 
Winipigoes,  Scioux,  Ottawa,  Ochipwa,  Iowa,  and  a  few 
of  the  Outagamies.  Sacks,  Mascoutins,  Kickapous  and  Pot- 
tawatamies. 

"Twenty  of  the  volunteer  Canadians  sentfrom  this,  and 
a  very  few  of  the  traders  and  the  servants,  made  their  at- 
tack against  Pencour  and  the  Cahokias. 

"The  Winnipigoes  had  a  chief  and  three  men  killed, 
and  four  wounded,  I  fear  one  of  them  mortally.  They  are 
the  only  sufferers. 


6So  FOR.MIDAI'.LE  INVASION  OF  KENTUCKY, 


"The  rebels  lost  an  officer  and  three  men  killed  at  the 
Cahokias,  and  five  prisoners. 

"At  Pencour  sixt3'-eight  were  killed  and  eighteen  blacks 
and  white  people  made  prisoners,  amongst  whom  sev- 
eral good  artificers.  Many  hundreds  of  cattle  were  de- 
stroyed and  forty-three  scalps  are  brought  in.  There  is  no 
doubt  can  reinain  from  the  concurrent  testimony  of  the 
prisoners  that  the  enemy  received  intelligence  of  the  med- 
itated attack  against  the  Illinois,  about  the  time  I  received 
a  copy  of  my  Lord  George  Germain's  circular  letter." 

Colonel  Clark  was  sent  for  in  great  haste  to  aid  in  re- 
pelling this  threatened  invasion,  but  exactly  what  part  he 
took  in  it  is  not  definitely  known.  There  seems  to  have 
been  a  well-laid  plan  to  attack  the  Americans  simultane- 
ously in  different  places,  as  at  about  the  time  of  the  inva- 
sion of  the  Illinois  countrj'  a  ver)'  formidable  raid  was 
made  into  Kentucky  by  a  large  force  of  British  and  In- 
dians, principally  the  latter,  under  a  British  officer  named 
Byrd,  which  naturall}-  created  great  excitement  and  alarm 
among  the  residents  of  the  frontier,  and  caused  some,  in 
despair,  to  desire  to  leave  the  country.  It  was,  indeed,  for 
that  period,  a  formidable  expedition,  and  might  have  proved 
far  more  calamitous  to  the  Kentucky  pioneers  than  it  did. 
It  was  not  only  strong  in  numbers  but  in  cannon  and 
munitions  of  war,  which,  if  properly  handled,  would  un- 
doubtedly have  been  disastrous  to  the  American  settlements. 
After  capturing,  by  overwhelming  force,  Ruddell's  and 
Martin's  stations  on  the  iid  of  June,  as  before  related,  the 
British  and  Indians,  for  some  cause  never  explained  with 
certainty,  hastily  retired  from  the  country  b}'  the  same  route 


CLARK  IN  TURN  IN\'ADES  THE  ENEMy's  COUNTRY.         68 1 


they  had  come,  killing  some  of  the  prisoners  and  taking  the 
rest,  with  the  plunder  of  the  stations,  which  the  prisoners 
were  made  to  carr}-  with  them. 

Colonel  Clark,  realizing  the  bad  effect  the  terror  inspired 
b)'  this  raid  was  having  upon  the  settlements,  vigorously 
pushed  forward  his  contemplated  expedition  into  the 
enemy's  countr}',  not  onl}-  to  punish  them,  but  to  restore 
confidence  to  his  own  people.  He  selected  the  mouth  of  the 
Licking  river  as  the  place  where  all  his  forces  were  to  meet, 
and  there  was  a  general  turn  out  of  all  the  men  capable  of 
bearing  arms  in  Kentucky,  in  many  instances  leaving  only 
the  bo3's,  ver}-  old  men  and  women  to  provide  food  for 
themselves  and  guard  the  stations.  From  the  interior 
came  volunteers  under  such  well-known  Indian  fighters  as 
Harrod,  Kenton  and  John  Floyd.  Clark  moved  the  troops 
which  had  been  gathered  at  the  falls  up  the  river,  some  in 
skiffs,  some  on  foot,  and  some  on  horses  marching  and 
riding  along  the  river  bank.  It  is  understood  that,  besides 
ammunition,  each  man  carried  a  quantity  of  dried  meat 
and  six  quarts  of  parched  corn. 

The  only  mishap  to  any  of  the  troops  while  on  the  way 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Licking  was  to  a  small  number  of  men 
under  Hugh  McGary,  celebrated  alike  for  his  rashness  and 
his  bravery,  who  were  attacked,  and  roughly  handled  by 
the  Indians  on  the  north  bank  of  the  river,  probably  in 
Indiana,  but  the  exact  place  is  not  now  known.  Several 
were  badly  wounded. 

Clark  left  the  mouth  of  the  Licking  for  the  Indian  town 
of  old  Chillicothe  with  slightly  less  than  a  thousand  men, 
and  with  one  small  cannon  carried  on  a  pack  horse.    About 


bSz     INDIANS  DEFEATED  AND  THEIR  TOWNS  DESTROYED. 


forty  men  were  left  at  the  river,  as  a  guard  to  the  boats 
and  other  propert}',  not  canned  into  the  interior.  Some  of 
these  had  been  wounded  at  the  time  the  Indians  attacked 
the  part}'  led  by  Flugh  McGar5^ 

The  Indians  getting  warning  of  Clark's  approach,  aban- 
doned Chillicothe  before  his  arrival.  He  burned  the  houses 
and  pushed  on  to  Piqua,  not  far  distant,  where  he  arrived 
on  the  morning  of  the  8th  of  August.  Piqua  was  quite  a 
town,  with  log  houses  stoutly  built,  and  a  strong  block- 
house well  constructed  for  defense.  The  cabins  were  gen- 
erally surrounded  with  "ti"uck  patches"  used  for  raising 
corn,  beans,  etc.  The  celebrated  Simon  Girty  and  his 
brother,  it  is  said,  were  there  with  the  Indians,  of  whom 
there  were  several  hundred. 

The  American  forces  were  divided  into  four  divisions, 
Clark  taking  command  of  two  and  Colonel  Benjamin  Logan 
two.  The  latter  was  directed  to  make  a  detour  and  attack 
the  village  in  the  rear,  but  unfortunatel}-  failed  to  accomplish 
it  in  time  to  be  of  service.  The  fighting  was  ixiainly  done 
by  the  divisions  under  Clark  and  continued,  in  a  skirmishing 
way,  for  the  most  of  the  day;  the  Indians  taking  advantage 
of  a  grove  of  bushes  and  trees  in  the  vicinity,  as  well  as  of  the 
shelter  and  protection  of  the  block-house  and  cabins.  The 
cannon  was  finally  brought  into  use,  in  an  effective  way,  and 
the  Indians  successfully  retreated,  taking  advantage  of  a 
ravine,  and  losing  altogether  only  six  or  eight  men,  and  the 
whites  seventeen  and  quite  a  number  wounded.  The  town  was 
destro3'ed  and  also  a  large  quantity  of  growing  corn.  An- 
other A'illage  was  also  destroyed  and  the  troops  then  marched 
back  to  the  mouth   of  the   Licking,  most  of  them  having 


DEATH  OF  JOSEPH  ROGERS.  683 


been  out  about  four  weeks.  The  expedition  is  said  to  have 
been  beneficial  to  the  Americans,  notwithstanding  they  had 
more  men  killed  than  their  opponents.  It  discouraged  and 
cowed  the  Indians  for  a  time,  coupled  with  Byrd's  singular 
retreat  from  Kentucky  only  a  short  time  before,  and  the 
rest  of  the  year  they  remained  quiet. 

DEATH  OF   JOSEPH  ROGERS. 

A  most  pathetic  and  tragic  event  occurred  at  the  time  of 
the  fight  at  Piqua,  which  overwhelmed  Colonel  Clark  with 
sorrow  and  regret:  Joseph  Rogers,  a  brother  of  John 
Rogers,  who  commanded  The  Willing  in  the  campaign 
against  Vincennes,  and  a  favorite  cousin  of  Colonel  Clark, 
was  a  prisoner  with  the  Indians  at  Piqua.  The  manner  of 
his  being  made  a  prisoner,  and  the  sad  ending  of  his  life, 
is  thus  related  bj^his  nephew,  Hon.  Joseph  Rogers  Under- 
wood, formerly  United  States  Senator  from  Kentucky,  in 
a  letter  to  ]Mrs.  B.  Kinkead,  also  a  relative,  a  copy  of 
which  has  kindly  been  furnished  the  author,  and  which,  as 
far  as  he  is  aware,  has  never  befoi^e  been  published. 

The  letter  of  Senator  Underwood  says,  "there  was  great 

intimacy  between  the  family  of  mj'  grandfather,   George 

Rogers,  and  that  of  his  sister,  Ann  Clark.  After  (her  son) 

George  Rogers  Clark,  had  been  in  Kentucky  some  time, 

he  returned  to  Virginia,  and  in  visiting  his  relations  he 

persuaded  my  uncle,  Joseph  Rogers,  to  return  with  him  to 

Kentucky."     This  was  the  time  the  governor  and  council 

of  Virginia  furnished  Clark  with  five  hundred  pounds  of 

powder  which  he  undertook  to  convey  to  Kentucky  for  its 

defense  in  1776,  as  related  in  a  previous  chapter. 
44 


6S4  DEATH  OF   JOSEPH  ROGERS. 

"On  reaching  ^Ia3'sville,  then  called  Limestone,"  con- 
tinues Mr.  Underwood,  "the  powder  was  hid  and  the 
part}'  started  for  the  settlements  around  Lexington  and 
Harrodsburg.  General  Clark  raised  a  party  with  means  to 
transport  the  powder  from  its  hiding  place,  and  sent  my 
uncle,  Joseph  Rogers,  his  first  cousin,  with  the  party  to 
show  where  the  powder  was  hid.  This  little  band  of 
pioneers  was  attacked  by  Indians  on  their  way  to  Limestone, 
and  defeated.  Joseph  Rogers  was  made  a  prisoner  by 
them,  taken  to  their  homes  north  of  the  Ohio  river,  and, 
according  to  their  custom,  initiated  into  one  of  their  families, 
to  become  one  of  them.  Of  course  he  was  painted  and 
dressed  as  an  Indian. 

"General  Clark  crossed  the  Ohio  in  the  summer  of  1780 
and  on  the  8th  of  August  of  that  year  attacked  the  Indian 
village  at  Piqua.  My  uncle  entered  the  fight  with  the 
Indians,  but  when  the  Indians  retreated,  instead  of  running 
away  with  them,  he  ran  towards  Clark's  army,  shouting  as 
he  went,  'I  am  a  white  man!  I  am  a  white  man!'  But, 
unfortunately,  he  was  shot  down  as  he  went.  The  wound 
was  mortal  and  he  died  in  a  few  hours.  He  desired  that 
General  Clark  might  be  sent  to  him.  The  general  came 
and  they  had  a  most  affectionate  interview,  in  which  Rogers 
told  him  to  say  to  his  soldiers  that  he  (Rogers)  hurt  none 
of  them  in  the  fight,  having  purposely  overshot  them  all  the 
time,  and  that  he  had  lost  his  life  in  his  anxiety  to  join 
them." 

The  unfortunate  Joseph  Rogers  died  in  the  twenty-fifth 
year  of  his  age.  There  was  always  some  doubt  whether 
he  was  shot  by  Clark's  men  supposing  him  to  be  an  Indian 


1!.\D  COXDITION   OK  WV .    JEFFERSON  AND  THE  II.LINOIS.       687 

or  by  the  Indians  who  saw  he  was  trying  to  escape  from 
them.  It  is  to  be  hoped  it  w  as  tlie  latter,  as  there  is  some- 
thing horrible  in  the  idea  that  he  was  killed,  even  innocently, 
by  his  o^^'n  friends,  to  whom  he  was  trj'ing  to  escape. 
Colonel  Clark,  naturally,  would  have  felt  intense  sorrow 
at  the  death  of  any  countr-\-man  under  such  circumstances. 
What  then  must  have  been  his  feelings  when  he  realized  it 
was  the  bright  and  beloved  son  of  his  mother's  brother, 
whom  he  had  influenced  to  leave  his  home  in  \^irginia, 
onl}'  to  find  captivit^•,  death  and  an  unknown  grave  in  the 
western  wilderness. 

Diiring  the  absence  of  Colonel  Clark  in  Kentucky  and 
on  the  Piqua  campaign  against  the  Indians  affairs  were  not 
going  on  ver-s'  well,  either  in  the  Illinois  country  or  at  Fort 
Jefferson.  In  the  former  the  principal  dissatisfaction  was 
on  account  of  the  worthless  paper  currency  forced  on  the 
earlier  inhabitants  by  the  "new  comers,"  and  conflicts  of 
authority  between  the  old  order  of  things  and  the  militar}- 
authorities.  The  bad  condition  of  affairs  is  forcibly  pre- 
sented in  the  following  letter,  written  from  the  latter  place 
on  the  1st  of  August,  1780,  by  John  Dodge,  an  Indian 
agent,  to  Governor  Jefferson:  "The  few  troops  that  are 
now  here  are  too  inconsiderable  to  guard  themselves ;  nor 
are  the  inhabitants  much  better,  notwithstanding  they  re- 
main in  great  spirits  in  expectation  of  relief  from  govern- 
ment, and  have  with  great  braver}-  defeated  a  ver}-  large 
party  of  savages,  who  made  a  regular  attack  on  the  village 
at  daybreak  on  the  morning  of  the  17th  ult.  Colonel 
Clark  has  divided  his  few  men  in  the  best  manner  possible, 
so  as  to  preserve  the  country.     The  apprehension  of  a  large 


6n8     uad  fOxniTiox  of  ft.  teffersox  and  the  illixois. 


body  of  the  enem}-  in  motion  from  Detroit  towards  the 
falls  of  Ohio  has  called  him  there  with  what  men  he  could 
well  spare  from  this  country,  before  he  had  well  breathed, 
after  the  fatigues  of  an  expedition  up  the  Mississippi;  and 
Colonel  Crockett,  not  arriving  with  either  men  or  pro- 
visions, as  was  expected,  has  really  involved  both  the  troops 
and  settlers  in  much  distress,  and  greatly  damped  the  spirits 
of  industr}'  in  the  latter,  which  till  lately  was  so  conspic- 
uous . 

"  I  see  no  other  alternative,  from  the  present  appearance 
of  our  affairs,  but  that  the  few  goods  I  have  left,  after  sup- 
plying the  troops,  must  all  go  for  the  purchase  of  provisions 
to  keep  this  settlement  from  breaking  up;  and  how  I  shall 
ever  support  m}-  credit,  or  acquit  myself  of  the  obliga- 
tions I  have  bound  myself  under,  to  those  of  whom  I  have 
purchases  for  the  troops  before  the  arrival  of  the  goods, 
I  know  not.  Our  credit  is  become  so  weak  among  the 
French  inhabitants,  our  own,  and  the  Spaniards  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  Mississippi,  that  one  dollar's  worth  of 
provisions  or  other  supplies  can  not  be  had  from  them  with- 
out prompt  pa3'ment,  were  it  to  save  the  whole  country ; 
by  which  3-ou  will  perceive  that,  without  a  constant  and 
full  supply  of  goods  in  this  quarter,  to  answer  the  exigen- 
cies of  government,  nothing  can  ever  be  well  effected  but 
in  a  very  contracted  manner." 

^Nlattei^s  grew  worse  as  the  fall  advanced.  On  the  24th 
of  October  Captain  Robert  George,  in  command  at  Fort 
Jefferson,  wrote  Colonel  Clark,  describing  the  situation 
and  imploring  him  to  return.  "Our  present  distress," 
said  he,  "puts  me  under  the  necessity  of  informing  you  by 


RAD  CONOiriON   OF  FT.  JEFFERSON  AND  THE  ILLINOIS.        689 


express,  the  absolute  necessity  of  your  presence  at  this 
place ;  we  are  reduced  to  a  ^'ery  small  number  at  present, 
occasioned  by  famine,  desertion,  and  numbers  daily  dying. 
We  have  but  a  very  small  quantit}-  of  provisions  at  pres- 
ent. Colonel  Montgomery,  on  his  way  to  New  Orleans, 
called  on  us.  He  says  that  Captain  Dodge  has  purchased 
one  thovisand  bushels  of  corn  and  ten  thousand  pounds  of 
flour,  which  is  all  that  is  to  show  from  a  cargo  of  eleven 
thousand  hard  dollars'  worth  of  goods  sent  by  Mr.  Pollock 
to  you,  together  with  about  five  or  six  thousand  dollars' 
worth  from  this  place.  We  are  informed  they  are  entirely 
expended. 

"I  expect  Captain  Philip  Barbour  up  every  day  with  a 
quantity  of  goods  for  this  state,  and  should  be  glad  of  di- 
rections from  you,  that  they  may  not  be  exhausted  in  the 
manner  we  have  no  reason  to  doubt  the  first  was.  It's 
rather  tedious  to  mention  the  conduct  at  the  Illinois  since 
your  departure,  as  nothing  but  your  presence  can  rectify  it. 
If  necessity  detains  you  from  us,  pray  send  an  express  as 
soon  as  possible.  The  inhabitants  (are)  chiefly  gone  down 
the  river,  and  what  there  is  left  is  very  much  distressed. 
Lieutenant  Clark  sets  off  to  Kaskaskia  this  morning  to 
know  the  certainty  of  the  provisions  being  purchased.  It 
appears  there  was  a  pirogue  sent  down  sometime  ago, 
loaded  with  corn  and  flour,  with  eight  men,  who  deserted 
with  it  down  the  river.  I  doubt  the  greatest  part  of  this 
battalion  will  sure  turn  merchants,  all  for  the  want  of  your 
presence  here,  if  there  is  not  some  steps  taken  to  pre- 
vent it. 


690       BAD  CONniTION  OF  FT.    JEFFERSON  AND  THE  ILLINOIS. 


"  Lieutenant  Dalton  is  gone  down  the  river  with  Colonel 
INIontgomery,  in  order,  if  possible,  to  secure  deserters. 
Captain  Williams  has  arrived  here  with  Colonel  John 
^Nlontgomer}'.  and  assumed  the  coinmand,  which  I  refused 
to  give  up,  without  further  orders  from  }'ou.  Major  Har- 
lan is  out  hunting,  but  is  at  a  loss  for  want  of  horses.  I 
sent  for  all  the  state  horses  at  Kaskaskia,  but  it  appears 
there  (are)  but  few.  What's  gone  with  them  God  knows, 
but  I  believe  there  will  be  a  very  disagreeable  account  ren- 
dered to  you  of  them,  as  well  as  man}-  other  things,  when 
called  for.  The  poor,  distressed  remains  of  this  little 
borough  joins  in  prayers  for  j^our  presence  once  more  at 
this  place." 

Four  days  later  Captain  John  Williams  wrote  him  from 
the  same  place  that:  "On  the  23d  of  this  instant  I  arrived 
at  this  post  by  order  of  Colonel  John  Montgomer)^  to  take 
the  command,  but  from  the  character  he  at  present  bears 
Captain  George  did  not  think  proper  to  give  him  or  any 
other  person  the  command  at  this  post  until  he  (is)  prop- 
erly relieved  by  your  order.  I,  for  my  part,  seeing  times  so 
precarious,  and  what  might  ensue  from  the  least  contest  or 
umbrage  between  Captain  Robert  George  and  myself,  am 
determined  to  remain  as  retired  as  possible  until  j'our  ar- 
rival here. 

"I  commanded  at  Cahokia  since  the  expedition  up  the 
^Mississippi,  till  ordered  to  this  post,  and  hei^e  I  found  both 
the  soldiers  as  well  as  the  inhabitants  in  the  most  desolate 
situation  imaginable;  not  so  much  by  reason  of  sickness  as 
for  the  want  of  good  provisions.  There  is  a  quantity  of 
provisions  purchased  at  present,  but  the  difficulty  we  labor 


BAD  L'OXniTlON   OF  FT.    JEFFERSON  AND  THE  ir.LINOIS.       69I 


under  here  is  sickness;  and  lowness  of  water  prevents  us 
getting  any  provisions  down  at  this  time,  b}-  which  reason 
we  are  kept  constantl}'  starving.  As  I  am  convinced  before 
the  reception  of  this  you  are  satisfied  from  government  in 
regard  to  mj-  majority,  I  would  be  glad  you  would  grvc  me 
instructions  by  the  first  opportunity  in  what  matter  to 
act,"  etc. 

Captain  George  continued  "to  hold  the  fort,"  as  we  find 
him  writing  from  there  on  the  15th  of  February,  17S1,  to 
Colonel  George  Slaughter:  "I  have  the  honor  to  acknowl- 
edge the  receipt  of  yours  of  the  23d  Januar}-  last,  and  am 
happy  to  find  3-ou  are  so  abundant  as  you  express,  as  out 
of  your  great  abundance  I  shall  expect  to  receive  frequent 
and  large  supplies,  more  especially  in  the  commissarv  wav. 
The  small  supplies  you  have  sent  us  have  been  of  infinite 
services,  and  if  you  frequently  repeat  them  they  will  be  of 
singular  advantage,  as  we  look  to  you  for  it;  but  those 
supplies  I  beg  may  be  of  a  better  quality  than  what  is  yet 
come  to  hand.  The  beef  is  reall}- of  the  poorest  kind — ill- 
cured,  and  not  half  salted.  The  barrels  being  bad,  the 
pickle  becaine  wasted,  if  any  had  been  put  on,  and  though 
the  meat  does  not  absolutely  stink,  it  wants  little  of  it. 

"Major  Harlan  will  give  you  the  news  of  the  place.  As 
I  have  to  purchase  supplies  in  the  Illinois,  it  draws  away 
the  liquor  from  me  fast;  besides  I  am  to  send  a  supply  to 
the  Opost,  *  and  Major  Linitot  has  made  a  heavy  draft  on 
me  for  six  hogsheads  and  the  half  of  my  ammunition  for 
the  use  of  the  Indian  department,  and  three  hogsheads 
more  to  purchase  eight  months'  provisions   for  twenty-five 

*Vincennes. 


()q2  COLONEL  GEORGE  SLAUGHTER. 


men,  which  I  have   sent  for  the   protection  of  the  Opost, 
under  the  command  of  Captain  Bayley. 

•'The  credit  of  the  state  is  so  bad  that  nothing  can  be  had 
either  there  or  at  Kaskaskia  without  prompt  pa3'nient,  and 
when  our  little  stock  is  exhausted,  I  know  not  what  we  shall 
do  except  you  take  some  care  of  us.  Send  us  as  much 
whisk}-  as  you  please,  as  we  are  forced  to  expend  our 
taffia  for  provisions.  The  enemj-  are  approaching  the  Opost, 
and  fortifying  themselves  at  Miamis,  so  that  the  inhabitants 
of  the  Opost  have  petitioned  me  (for)  an  officer  and  men 
to  uphold  the  honor  of  the  state  there,  which  I  have  com- 
plied with.  ...  I  have  taken  notice  of  your  song  and 
learned  it.  It  is  so  good  I  wish  you  had  sent  more  of  it. 
I  am  under  the  necessity  of  putting  a  stop  to  the  men's 
rations  of  liquor  in  order  to  purchase  provisions.'' 

COLONEL  GEORGE  SLAUGHTER. 

Colonel  Georo-e  Slausrhter  to  whom  the  foregoing  letter 
was  addressed,  and  Major  Flarlan  mentioned  therein,  were 
both  men  of  high  standing.  George  Slaughter,  the  son  of 
Robert  Slaughter,  was  born  in  Culpepper  county,  Virginia, 
in  17.19.  He  was  in  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  in  1774, 
probably  in  the  regiment  of  his  father-in-law.  Colonel  John 
Fields,  who  was  killed  in  that  battle.  He  came  to  Kentucky 
after  that  and  raised  some  corn  there,  but  speedily  re- 
turned to  Virginia  and  joined  the  army  under  Washington, 
serving,  it  is  said,  as  captain  in  ^Nluhlenburg's  celebrated 
Eighth  Virginia  Regiment.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Bran- 
dywine  and  Germantown  in  1777;  a  colonel  of  volunteers 
in  1778,  in  Shelby's  Chickamauga  campaign; at  Vincennes 


MAJOR  SILAS   HARLAN.  693 


in  May,  1779,  and  at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  in  November  of 
that  ^■ear.  He  was  with  Clark  in  the  campaign  against 
Piqua  in  17S0,  and  continued  in  service  through  1781-2. 
Returned  for  a  time  to  Virginia  and  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  that  state  in  1784.  Came  west  again  and 
settled,  first  in  Jefferson  county,  Kentuck)-,  but  finally 
removed  to  Charlestown,  Indiana,  where  he  continued  to 
reside  until  his  death,  June  17,  1818,  leaving  his  widow, 
]Marv,  but  no  children.  She  died  at  Warsaw,  Kentuckv, 
in  extreme  old  age,  and  in  the  receipt  of  a  pension.  She 
was  alive  in  1836,  at  which  time  she  was  eighty-five  years 
of  age. 

iMAJOR  SILAS   HARLAN. 

The  ^lajor  Harlan  referred  to  in  the  letter  was  Silas  Har- 
lan, after  whom  one  of  the  counties  of  Kentucky  was  named. 
''He  was  born  in  Berkeley  county,  Virginia,  near  the  town 
of  Martinsburg.  He  came  to  Kentucky  in  1774,  and  took 
a  very  active  part  in  the  battles  and  skirmishes  with  the 
Indians.  He  commanded  a  company  of  scouts  under 
General  George  Rogers  Clark  in  the  Illinois  campaigns  of 
1779,  and  proved  himself  a  most  active,  energetic  and 
efficient  officer.  General  Clark  said  he  was  one  of  the 
bravest  and  most  accomplished  soldiers  that  ever  fought  by 
his  side.  About  the  year  1778,  he  built  a  stockade  fort  on 
Salt  river,  seven  miles  above  Harrodsburg,  which  was  called 
'Harlan's  Station.'  He  was  a  major  at  the  battle  of  Blue 
Licks,  and  fell  in  that  memorable  contest  at  the  head  of 
the  detachment  commanded  by  him.  He  was  never  mar- 
ried.     In  stature  he  was  about  six  feet  two  inches,  of  fine 


694  FORT  JEFFERSON  ABANDONED. 


personal  appearance,  and  was  about  thirty  years  old  when 
he  was  killed.  lie  was  universally  regarded  as  a  brave, 
generous  and  active  man."  * 

The  sickness  which  seemed  to  be  so  universal  at  that  day 
in  the  locality  of  Fort  Jefferson;  the  difficulty  of  keeping 
it  supplied  with  provisions,  because  of  the  lack  of  families 
in  the  vicinity  to  cultivate  the  soil,  and  the  more  urgent 
need  of  troops  in  other  places,  finally  led  to  its  abandon- 
ment. This  was  probably  some  time  in  1781.  Some 
eighty-two  or  three  years  afterwards,  the  caving  in  of  the 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  at  or  near  the  site  of  the  fort  ex- 
posed a  long  iron  cannon  which  had  apparently  been  buried 
when  the  fort  was  abandoned.  This  was  found  in  posses- 
sion of  the  ovv^ner  of  the  land,  during  the  Civil  War,  and 
was  carried  off  by  a  party  of  Union  soldiers,  but  the  author 
has  been  unable  to  learn  what  afterwards  became  of  this 
interesting  relic  of  old  historic  Fort  Jefferson. 

In  the  fall  of  1780  a  native  of  France,  named  Augustin 
Moltin  de  la  Balme,  who  claimed  to  have  come  to  America 
with  Lafayette  and  to  have  been  a  lieutenant-colonel  of 
cavalry  in  France  and  colonel  in  the  continental  army,  em- 
barked in  an  expedition  from  the  Illinois  country  against 
the  British  posts  on  the  lakes,  f  He  succeeded  in  enlisting 
forty  or  fift}'  followers  at  Kaskaskia  and  Cahokia.  The 
number  was  slightly  increased  at  Vincennes,  but  the  whole 
number  at  no  time  exceeded  one  hundred.  They  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  as  far  as  the  present  site  of  Fort  Wayne, 

*Collino's  Kentucky,  Vol.  2,  p.  320. 
tEaiiv  Chicago  and  Illinois,  p.  337. 


LA  BALME  S  ABORTI\'E  EXPEDITION.  695 


at,  or  near,  which  they  plundered  the  traders  at  the  In- 
dian villages  of  their  goods,  and  not  onty  exasperated  the 
traders,  but  the  Indians  as  well.  The 
latter,  under  the  leadership  of  Little 
Turtle,  the  great  chief  of  the  Miamis, 
watched  for  a  favorable  opportunity, 
which  they  found  at  night,  and  not  only 
^"t^^'^     defeated,    but    almost    annihilated    La 

'ii'v&il      "    -J        -r>     1  1 

Balme  s  entire  party,  and  thus  put  an 
end  to  this  rash  and  disastrous  undertaking. 

A  letter  to  Colonel  John  Todd,  the  county  lieutenant  of 
the  Illinois  country,  from  his  deput}^  Richard  AVinston, 
gives  some  information  of  La  Balme  and  his  movements  at 
Kaskaskia  and  Vincennes.  The  letter  is  dated  Kaskaskia, 
October  21,  17S0,  and  sa3-s: 

"There  passed  this  way  a  Frenchman;  called  himself 
Colonel  de  la  Balme;  he  says,  in  the  American  service.  I 
look  upon  him  to  be  a  malcontent,  much  disgusted  at  the 
Virginians,  yet  I  must  say  he  (did)  some  good,  he  pacified 
the  Indians.  He  was  received  by  the  inhabitants  just  as 
the  Hebrews  would  receive  the  Masiah — was  conducted 
from  the  post  here  by  a  large  detachment  of  the  inhabitants 
as  well  as  different  tribes  of  Indians.  He  went  from  here 
against  Detroit,  being  well  assured  that  the  Indians  were  on 
his  side.  Got  at  this  place  and  the  Kahos  about  fifty  vol- 
unteers; are  to  rendezvous  at  Ouia  (Ouiatenon)  .  Captain 
Duplasi,  from  here,  went  along  with  him  to  Philadelphia, 
there  to  lay  before  the  French  ambassador  all  the  grievances 
this  country  labors  under  by  the  Virginians,  which  is  to  be 


696  LA   BALME'S  AliORTIVE  EXPEDITION. 


Strongly  backed  by  Monsieur  de  la  Balme.  'Tis  the  general 
opinion  that  he  will  take  Baubin,  the  great  partisan  at 
]Miamis,  and  from  thence  to  Fort  Pitt.  .  .  .  Repassed 
about  one  month  here  without  seeing  Colonel  Montgomery, 
nor  did  ^Montgomery  see  him."  * 

*\'irginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  i,  p.  3S0. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

CONTEJIPLATED    CAMPAIGN     AGAINST     DETROIT    IN     17S1— 
LOCIIRY'S   DEFEAT. 

Council  of  war  to  consider  an  expedition  against  the  British  at  Detroit,  or  ''the 
Floridians  on  tlie  Mississippi" — Early  action  delayed — Clark  visits  Virginia 
and  aids  in  driving  out  the  British— Secures  Governor  Jefferson's  approval  of 
an  expedition  against  Detroit — Is  commissioned  brigadier-general  thereof — 
Letter  from  General  Washington  approving  the  expedition,  promising  military 
stores  and  Continental  troops — Letters  of  Jefferson  and  others  on  the  subject 
— Colonel  Gibson's  regiment  promised  to  Clark — Promises  not  fulfilled  and 
expectations  not  realized — Country  weary  of  war — Troops  and  army  supplies 
hard  to  secure — Draft  made  but  unsatisfactory — Clothing  scarce — Paper 
money  nearly  worthless — Letters  of  Clark  upon  the  discouraging  situation — 
Bears  up  bravely  under  disappointments — Starts  from  Pittsburgh  with  but 
four  hundred  of  the  two  thousand  men  expected — Events  of  \'ovage  to  falls  of 
the  Ohio — Colonel  Lochry's  command  fails  to  join  Clark  at  the  appointed 
time  and  place — Follows  on  and  is  disastrously  defeated — Distress  of  Colonel 
Clark  at  the  defeat  of  Lochry  and  failure  of  campaign  against  Detroit — 
Colonel  Crocket's  letter  defending  Colonel  Clark's  conduct, 

sT  will  be  remembered  with  what  concern  Colonel  Clark 
abandoned  a  campaign  against  Detroit  after  the  cap- 
ture of  Vincennes.  It  was  only  an  abandonment  for  that 
particular  time,  for  it  continued  to  be  a  chief  aim  of  his 
military  life  during  a  long  period,  and  its  final  failure  was 
one  of  the  chief  regrets  of  his  after  life.  He  resumed  its 
consideration  on  his  return  to  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  and  con- 
vened a  council  of  war  there,  in  the  autumn  of  that  year, 
to  consider  important  military  questions  in  connection  with 
an  expedition  against  the  British,  either  at  Detroit  or  the 

(697) 


0';S  COUNXIL  OF  WAR,   NOVEMBER    l6,    1779- 


Floridas,  then  in  British  possession.  The  author  has  the 
original  proceedings  of  that  important  council,  and  gives  it 
here,  with  a  fac-simile  of  the  signatures  of  the  officers  who 
signed  it : 

"At  a  council  of  war  held  at  the  falls  of  Ohio,  this  i6th 
November,  1779,  by  order  of  Colonel  George  Rogers 
Clark,  colonel  of  the  Illinois- Virginia  regiment,  and  com- 
mander-in-chief of  the  western  department,  viz.: 

"Present,  Captain  Robert  George,  president;  Captain 
Thomas  Quirk,  Captain  Edward  Worthington,  Captain 
Richard  Harrison,  Captain  John  Baily. 

"The  following  propositions  being  presented  from  the 
colonel  to  the  council,  to  wit :  The  gentlemen  officers  of 
the  Illinois  regiment  present  are  requested  to  assemble  in 
council  at  Bachelor's  hall,  at  twelve  o'clock,  for  the  con- 
sideration of  the  following  propositions,  and  give  in  their 
opinions  thereon,  to  wit : 

"  ist.  What  number  of  troops  would  enable  us  to  reduce 
Detroit  or  the  Floridians  on  the  Mississippi  ? 

"2d.  How  are  those  troops  to  be  supported  with  pro- 
visions ? 

"3d.  If  those  troops  are  to  draw  their  subsistence  from 
the  Illinois,  what  would  it  require  annually  ? 

"4th.  If  by  tobacco  lodged  in  French  or  Spanish  posts, 
what  quantity  would  be  sufficient  ? 

"  :;th.  What  fortifications  necessary  for  the  Illinois,  and 
where,  their  strength,  etc..'' 

"6th.  What  provisions  might  be  furnished  by  the  in- 
habitants of  the  Illinois  ? 

"Falls,  November  i6th,  1779. 

"(Signed)  G.  R.   Clark. 


COlXflL  OF  WAR,   NOVEMBER    l6,    I  779-  699 

"Wliich  propositions  being  duly  considered,  the  council 
came  to  the  following  resolves  thereon,  that  is  to  say  : 

"In  answer  to  the  ist  proposition,  'what  number  of 
troops  would  enable  us  to  reduce  Detroit  or  the  Floridians 
on  the  Mississippi  ? '  the  council,  considering  the  present 
state  of  Detroit  and  the  well-affected  dispositions  of  the 
adjacent  inhabitants,  do  conceive  that  that  post  might  be 
reduced  by  a  few  well-disciplined  troops,  but  as  these  troops 
have  a  long,  tedious  and  fatiguing  march  all  the  way 
through  a  hostile  country,  exposed  to  frequent  interrup- 
tions and  attacks  from  the  savages,  our  natural  eneni}-,  as 
well  as  many  unforeseen  accidents,  consequently  attendant 
on  long  marches,  they  are  unanimously  of  opinion  that  not 
less  than  one  thousand  troops  would  be  requisite  for  effect- 
ing that  purpose — which  number  they  conceive  would  be 
amply  sufficient,  as  well  as  for  holding  the  same. 
The  reductions  of  the  Floridians  on  the  Mississippi  the 
council  conceived  to  be  by  no  means  either  of  so  difficult 
or  dangerous  a  nature  as  that  of  Detroit.  When  they 
consider  that  there  are  few  or  no  savages  to  encounter  with, 
the  descent  speed}-  and  rapid,  without  fatiguing  the  troops, 
the  inhabitants  being  finally  well  affected  towards  us;  the 
great  probabilit}-  of  the  enemy  being  much  weakened  for 
want  of  the  necessary  supplies  and  re-enforcements.  Add 
to  all,  the  certainty  of  war  being  declared  between  Spain 
and  Great  Britain,  and  of  the  enemy  being  blocked  up  or 
narrowly  watched  at  Mobile  and  Pensacola,  from  whence 
all  the  supplies  and  re-enforcements,  if  on  the  INIississippi, 
must  come.  These  considerations  induce  them  to  be 
unanimously  of  opinion  that  the  Floridians  would  become 

a  safe  and  easily  conquest  with  live  hundred  troops,  well 

4.S 


"OO  COUN'CIL  OF  WAR,   NOVEMBER    l6,    I  779- 


disciplined,  who  would  also  be  sufficient  to  protect  a  coun- 
try, etc. 

"In  answer  to  the  second  proposition,  'how  are  those 
troops  to  be  supported  in  provisions  ? '  the  council  are  of 
opinion  that  supplies  of  bread  kind  can  be  furnished  from 
the  Illinois  country ;  but  as  to  the  meat  species,  it  must 
come  from  some  part  of  the  Ohio  or  waters  east  thereof. 

"The  council  are  unable  to  ascertain  the  svmi  it  would 
require  annually  in  case  the  troops  should  draw  their  sub- 
sistence from  the  Illinois  as  mentioned  in  the  third  proposi- 
tion, because  they  do  not  think  the  Illinois  can  furnish  a 
sufficienc)-  of  the  meat  species,  besides  the  price  of  pro- 
^'isions,  as  well  as  all  other  necessaries  in  that  country,  is  so 
variable,  fluctuating  and  uncertain. 

"The  fourth  proposition,  'if  by  tobacco  lodged  in  French 
or  Spanish  ports,  what  quantity  would  be  sufficient.?'  has 
been  answered  by  the  foregoing,  as  the  council  know  of 
no  standard  price  for  either  tobacco  or  provisions  to  make 
just  calculations. 

"To  the  fifth  proposition,  'what  fortifications  for  the 
Illinois  and  where,  their  strength,  etc..?'  the  council  (say) 
that  'tis  their  opinion  three  fortifications  are  sufficient,  viz.:  - 
one  at  Kahokia,  one  at  Post  St.  Vincent,  one  at  Auabache, 
and  one  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  in  the  most 
convenient  place  on  the  banks  of  the  ^Mississippi,  each 
fortification  to  be  one  hundred  feet  square  in  the  clear 
within  the  walls,  to  be  built  of  earth  dug  out  of  an  en- 
trenchment ten  feet  deep,  with  earth  thrown  upon  the  inside  ' 
of  said  entrenchment,  must  form  a  wall  of  ten  feet  high 
and  eight  feet  thick,  which  with  the  entrenchment,  which 
will  form  a  wall  of  twenty  feet   perpendicular,  on  the  top 


t'Ol'XCIL  OF  WAR,   NOVEMBER   l6,    1/79. 


701 


of  which  they  conceive  it  necessary  there  should  be  a 
wooden  wall  of  sawed  or  hewn  timber  ten  feet  hig-h,  twelve 
inches  thick,  with  bastions  at  each  corner  so  proportioned 
that  one  shall  clear  another.  The  garrison  at  Kahokia  to 
consist  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  troops,  and  the  garrison  at 
Post  St.  Vincent  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  troops,  and  the 
garrison  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  Ohio,  two  hundred  troops. 
"•The  sixth  proposition  inquires,  'what  provisions  might 
be  furnished  b^'  the  inhabitants  of  the  Illinois?'  to  which 
the  council  answer  as  their  unanimous  opinion  that  the 
Illinois  inhabitants  might  supply  five  hundred  troops  in 
provisions  of  the  bread  kind  yearly,  but  as  to  the  meat 
species  they  can  not  conceive  that  any  dependence  can  be 
placed  on  them  for  that  article." 


^r^^s 


^T^ ^^^- 


The  building  of  Fort  Jefferson,  its  siege  by  the  Indians, 
occurrences  in  the  Illinois  countr)-,  the  invasion  of  Ken- 


tuck}'  by  the  British  and  Indians  under  B3'rd,  Clark's  own 
campaign  against  the  Indians  at  Piqua,  and  other  stirring- 
events,  occurring  in  rapid  succession,  delayed  action  in  re- 
lation to  a  campaign  against  Detroit,  but  he  did  not,  for  a 
moment,  contemplate  giving  it  up.  He  realized  that  further 
assistance  from  the  Virginia  authorities  was  absolutely 
necessar}',  and  that  personal  interviews  with  them  were 
essential  to  success.  To  that  end  he  repaired  to  Virginia 
towards  the  close  of  1780. 

VCe  know  that  he  was  there  at  the  time  Virginia  was  in- 
vaded by  the  British,  under  Benedict  Arnold,  and  that  he 
rendered  important  services  in  aiding  to  drive  them  from 
the  country'.  On  this  subject  the  life  of  Patrick  Henry,  by 
his  grandson,  says:  "The  enemy's  fleet  of  twenty-seven 
sail,  having  aboard  the  traitor  Arnold,  with  a  force  esti- 
mated at  one  thousand  men,  aided  by  wind  and  tide, 
ascended  the  James  with  slight  obstruction,  and  he  reached 
Richmond  on  Januar}^  5,  1781.  The  governor  had  com- 
menced to  remove  the  public  property  on  Januar}/  2.  The 
enemy  destroyed  the  stores  that  remained,  and  pushed  on 
to  Westham,  seven  miles  above  on  the  river,  where  there 
was  a  foundry  for  casting  cannon,  and  a  laboratory;  they 
burned  the  public  buildings  and  the  stores  which  had  not 
been  removed.  On  Januar}'  6,  Arnold  commenced  his 
retreat,  reaching  Westover  .n  the  next  day.  By  that  time 
Colonel  Nicholas,  with  three  hundred  men,  was  six  miles 
above  him.  General  Nelson  had  collected  two  hundred 
at  Charles  City  Court-House,  eight  miles  below;  between 
two  and  three  hundred  men  at  Petersburg  had  placed  them- 
selves  under   General   Smallwood,   who    happened   to  be 


EXPEDITION  AGAINST  DETROIT  APPROX'ED.  yo3 


passing  through  the  state,  and  Baron  Steuben  and  General 
Gibson  had  eighteen  hundred  men  on  the  south  side  of  the 
James  hastening  to  intercept  the  invaders.  At  Hood's, 
Colonel  George  Rogers  Clark,  with  an  advanced  party, 
drew  some  of  the  British  into  an  ambuscade,  killed  seven- 
teen, and  wounded  thirteen.  This  was  the  only  blood 
shed." 

Colonel  Clark  had  alread^'  secured  the  approval  of  Gov- 
ernor Jefferson  to  the  proposed  expedition  against  Detroit, 
as  will  be  seen  from  a  letter  Clark  wrote  him  from  Rich- 
mond, Virginia,  on  the  i8th  of  Januar}',  17S1,  in  which  he 
said:  ''I  have  examined  your  proposed  instructions.  I 
don't  recollect  of  anything  more  that  is  necessarj'  except 
the  mode  of  paying  the  expenses  of  the  garrison  of  Detroit, 
in  case  of  success,  as  supporting  our  credit  among  strangers 
may  be  attended  with  great  and  good  consequences,  and 
my  former  experiences  induce  me  to  wish  it  to  be  the  case 
where  I  have  the  honor  to  command. 

"I  would  also  observe  to  Your  Excellency  that  I  could  wish 
to  set  out  on  this  expedition  free  from  any  reluctance,  which 
I  doubt  I  can  not  do  without  a  satisfactory  explanation  of 
the  treatment  of  the  Virginia  delegates  in  congress  to  me, 
in  objecting  to  an  appointment  designed  for  me,  which 
Your  Excellency  can  not  be  a  stranger  to.  I  could  wish 
not  to  be  thought  to  solicit  promotion;  and  that  my  duty  to 
myself  did  not  oblige  me  to  transmit  these  sentiments  to 
you.  The  treatment  I  have  generally  met  with  from  this 
state  hath  prejudiced  me  as  far  as  consistent  in  her  interest 
and  wish  not  to  be  distrusted  in  the  execution  of  her 
orders    by   any   continental   colonel   who   may   be    in  the 


^04  CLARK  IS  APPOlXTEn  BRIGADIER-GENERAL. 


countries  that  I  have  business  in,  which  I  doubt  will  be  the 
case,  although  the  orders  of  the  commander-in-chief  is  very 
positive."  * 

\\"hat  is  meant  by  his  reference  in  this  letter  to  the  ob- 
jection of  the  A^irginia  delegates  to  an  appointment  designed 
for  him  is,  presumably,  explained  in  a  letter  of  General 
Washington  to  Governor  Jefferson  next  hereafter  quoted. 
He  appears  to  have  wanted  some  appointment  or  promotion 
on  the  continental  establishment,  or  some  action  that  would 
prevent  his  being  outranked,  or  interfered  with  by  any 
"Continental  colonel"  in  the  same  locality,  where  he  might 
happen  to  be.  If  his  desire  was  to  be  promoted  as  an  officer 
of  the  state  of  Virginia  he  was  soon  gratified,  for  three  or 
four  days  after  this  letter  was  written  Governor  Jefferson 
issued  to  him  a  commission  as  "brigadier-general  of  all  the 
forces  to  be  embodied  in  an  expedition  westward  of  the 
Ohio;"  a  deserved  promotion  which  met  with  general  ap- 
proval. 

The  governor  also  did  everything  in  his  power  to  facilitate 
the  expedition.  He  had  written  to  General  Washington 
some  time  before  asking  his  co-operation,  which  was  cheer- 
fully granted,  as  will  be  seen  by  his  letter  to  Governor 
Jefferson,  dated  at  "New  Windsor,  December  28,  1780," 
in  which  he  said:  "Your  Excellency's  favor  of  the  13th 
reached  me  this  da}'.  I  have  ever  been  of  opinion,  that  the 
reduction  of  the  post  of  Detroit  would  be  the  only  certain 
means  of  giving  peace  and  security  to  the  whole  western 
frontier,  and  I  have  consequently  kept  my  eye  upon  that 
object;  but,  such  has  been  the  reduced  state  of  our  conti- 

*VirL;inia  State  Papers,  Vol.  i,  p.  441. 


WASKINGTDN   I'ROMISES  AID  TO  THE  EXl'EDITIOX.        705 


nental  force,  and  such  the  low  ebb  of  our  fvuids,  especially 
of  late,  that  I  have  never  had  it  in  my  power  to  make  the 
attempt. 

"I  shall  think  it  a  most  happy  circumstance,  should  your 
state,  with  the  aid  of  continental  stores  which  you  require, 
be  able  to  accomplish  it.  I  am  so  well  convinced  of  the 
general  public  utility  with  which  the  expedition,  if  success- 
ful, will  be  attended,  that  I  do  not  hesitate  a  moment  in 
giving  directions  to  the  commandant  at  Fort  Pitt  to  deliver 
to  Colonel  Clark  the  articles  which  you  request,  or  so  man}- 
of  them  as  he  may  be  able  to  furnish.  I  have  also  directed 
him  to  form  such  a  detachment  of  continental  troops  as  he 
can  safely  spare,  and  put  them  under  the  cominand  of 
Colonel  Clark.  There  is  a  continental  company  of  artil- 
lery at  Fort  Pitt,  which  I  have  likewise  ordered  upon  the 
expedition,  should  it  be  prosecuted.  The  officers  of  this 
company  wall  be  competent  to  the  management  of  the  mor- 
tar and  howitzers. 

"I  do  not  know  for  what  particular  purpose  Colonel 
Clark  may  want  the  six-pound  cannon;  but,  if  he  expects 
to  derive  advantage  from  them  in  the  reduction  of  works 
of  any  strength,  he  will  find  himself  disappointed.  They 
are  not  equal  to  battering  a  common  log  block-house,  at 
the  shortest  range.  This  we  have  found  upon  experience. 
I  would,  therefore,  advise  him  to  consider  this  point,  and 
leave  them  behind,  unless  he  sees  a  probability  of  wanting 
them  in  the  field.  I  have  enclosed  the  letter  for  Colonel 
Brodhead  commanding  at  Fort  Pitt,  which  Colonel  Clark 
may  deliver  whenever  he  sees  fit.      It  is  possible  that  some 


WASHINGTON   S  LETTER  TO   JEFFERSON. 


advantage  ma}'  arise  from  keeping  the  true  destination  of 
the  expedition  a  secret  as  long  as  circumstances  will  admit. 
If  so,  the  fewer  who  are  intiaisted  the  better. 

"The  matter  which  the  house  of  delegates  have  referred 
to  my  determination  stands  thus.  A  board  of  general 
officers  in  the  year  1778  determined  that  officers  bearing 
continental  commissions  should  take  rank  of  those  having 
state  commissions  only  while  their  regiments  continued 
upon  a  state  establishment;  but  that,  when  such  regiments 
became  continental,  the  officers  should  be  entitled  to  receive 
continental  commissions  from  the  date  of  their  state  ap- 
pointments. Thus,  3'ou  see,  it  is  not  in  my  power  to  rec- 
ommend them  to  congress  for  continental  commissions, 
while  in  state  regiments,  without  infringing  an  established 
rule. 

"As  to  the  second  point,  'whether  such  officers  shall  have 
promotion  in  the  line,  or  be  confined  to  the  said  two  regi- 
ments,' I  think  that  they  had  best,  for  the  sake  of  peace 
and  harmon}?,  be  confined  to  the  two  regiments.  For 
many  of  those  officers  left  the  continental  line  in  very  low 
ranks  and  obtained  very  high  ranks  in  that  of  the  state. 
This  created  much  uneasiness  when  the  troops  came  together 
in  service;  and  it  was  with  difficulty  that  many  of  the  con- 
tinental officers  could  be  made  to  brook  being  commanded 
by  those  who  had  been  their  inferiors  the  preceding  cam- 
paign. I  am,  therefore,  of  opinion,  that  an  attempt  to 
introduce  those  gentlemen  now  into  the  continental  line 
would  create  a  source  of  infinite  discontent  and  uneasiness, 
more  especially  as  you  have  a  sufficient  number  of  officers 
at  home  and  in  captivity  (and  vacancies  ought  in  justice  to 


WASHINGTON   S  LETTER  TO  BROADHEAIl.  707 


be  reserved  for  such  of  the  latter  as  wish  to  serve  aijain ) , 
for  the  quota  of  continental  troops  assigned  to  the  state  by 
the  last  establishment."  * 

In  his  letter  to  Colonel  David  Broadhead,  I'eferred  to  in 
the  previous  letter,  General  Washington  indorses  the  expe- 
dition to  the  fullest  extent,  as  he  does  also  Colonel  Clark, 
although  not  knowing  him  personally.  lie  said:  "The 
state  of  Virginia  has  determined  to  undertake  an  expedition 
\\  hich  I  have  ever  had  in  view,  and  which  I  wished  to  carry 
into  execution  b}-  a  continental  force;  but  you  are  sufficiently 
acquainted  with  the  situation  of  our  affairs,  both  as  to  men 
and  supplies,  to  know  that  it  has  been  impossible  to  attempt 
it.      It  is  the  reduction  of  the  post  of  Detroit. 

"His  Excellency  Governor  Jefferson  informs  me  that  he 
thinks  they  shall  be  able,  with  the  aid  of  some  artillery  and 
stores  already  at  Fort  Pitt,  to  accomplish  this  most  desirable 
object;  and  that,  should  they  even  fail  of  carrying  their 
point,  much  good  will  result  from  creating  a  diversion 
and  giving  the  enem)?  employ  in  their  own  countrv.  The 
artillery  and  stores  required  b-s'  Governor  Jefferson  are  four 
field-pieces,  and  sixteen  hundred  balls  suited  to  them;  one 
eight-inch  howitzer,  and  three  hundred  shells  suited  to  it; 
two  royals;  grape-shot;  necessary  implements  and  furniture 
for  the  above;  frve  hundred  spades;  two  hundred  pick-axes; 
one  traveling-forge;  some  boats,  should  the  state  not  have 
enough  prepared  in  time;  some  ship-carpenter's  tools. 

"Colonel  Clark,  who  is  to  command  the  expedition,  will 
probably  be  the  bearer  of  this  himself;  and  you  are  to  de- 
liver to  him,  or  his  order,  at  such  times  as  he  shall  require 

*  Sparks's  WasViington,  Vol,  7,  p.  341. 


7o8  WAsmxt, ton's  letter  to  broadhead. 


them,  all  or  so  man^■  of  the  foregoing  articles  as  3-ou  shall 
have  it  in  your  power  to  furnish.  You  will  likewise  direct 
the  officers  with  the  company  of  artillery  to  be  ready  to 
move  \^'hen  Colonel  Clark  shall  call  for  them;  and  as  it  is 
my  wish  to  give  the  enterprise  ever}'  aid  which  our  small 
force  can  afford,  }-ou  will  be  pleased  to  form  such  a  detach- 
ment as  you  can  safely  spare  from  your  own  and  Gibson's 
regiments,  and  put  it  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Clark 
also.  I  should  suppose  that  the  detachment  can  not  be 
made  more  than  a  command  for  a  captain  or  major  at  most. 
You  know  the  necessit^■  of  confining  it  to  a  continental 
officer  of  inferior  rank  to  Colonel  Clark. 

"Your  good  sense  will,  I  am  convinced,  make  you  view 
this  matter  in  its  true  light.  The  inability  of  the  continent 
to  undertake  the  reduction  of  Detroit,  which,  while  it 
continues  in  possession  of  the  enemy,  will  be  a  constant 
source  of  trouble  to  the  whole  western  frontier,  has  of  neces- 
sity imposed  the  task  upon  the  state  of  Virginia,  and  of 
consequence  makes  it  expedient  to  confer  the  command 
upon  an  officer  of  that  state. 

"This  being  the  case,  I  do  not  think  the  charge  of  the 
enterprise  could  have  been  committed  to  better  hands  than 
Colonel  Clark's.  I  have  not  the  pleasure  of  knowing  the 
gentleman,  but,  independently  of  the  proofs  he  has  given 
of  his  activity  and  address,  the  unbounded  confidence 
which  I  am  told  the  western  people  repose  in  him  is  a 
matter  of  vast  importance;  as  I  imagine  a  considerable  part 
of  his  force  will  consist  of  volunteers  and  militia,  who  are 
not  to  be  governed  by  military  laws,  but  must  be  held  by 
the  ties  of  confidence  and  affection  to  their  leader. 


GOVERNOR  JEFFKRSON   S  LETTER  TO  GENERAL  t'LARK.     709 

"I  shall  conclude  with  recommending  to  you,  in  gen- 
eral, to  give  every  countenance  and  assistance  to  this  en- 
terprise, should  no  circumstances  intervene  to  prevent  its 
execution.  One  thing  you  may  rest  assured  of,  and  that  is, 
that,  while  offensive  operations  are  going  forward  against 
Detroit  and  the  Indians  in  alliance  with  the  British  in  that 
quarter,  your  posts  with  small  garrisons  in  them  and  proper 
vigilance  will  be  perfectly  secvn^e.  For  this  reason,  and 
the  expedition  depending  upon  the  supplies  here  required, 
I  shall  expect  a  punctual  compliance  with  this  order,  and 
am,  with  real  esteem  and  regard,  etc."* 

Governor  Jefferson  followed  up  General  Washington's 
efforts  in  the  same  quarter,  and  on  the  13th  of  February, 
1 78 1,  wrote  General  Clark  that,  "Still  having  at  heart  the 
success  of  the  expedition  at  the  head  of  which  j-ou  are 
placed,  we  have  obtained  leave  from  Baron  Steuben  for 
Colonel  J.  Gibson  to  attend  you  as  next  in  command,  and, 
of  course,  to  succeed  to  your  office  in  the  event  of  your 
death  or  captivity,  which,  however  disagreeable  in  con- 
templation, yet,  as  being  possible,  it  is  our  duty  to  provide 
ao-ainst.  I  have  added  my  most  pressing  request  to  Colonel 
Broadhead  that  he  permit  Colonel  Gibson's  regiment  to  be 
added  to  your  force  for  the  expedition,  a  request  which  I 
hope  will  be  successful  as  coinciding  with  the  spirit  of  Gen- 
eral Washington's  recommendations.  Colonel  Gibson  is 
to  go  by  Baltimore  to  see  the  powder  conveyed  to  Fort 
Pitt.  The  articles  which  were  to  be  sent  from  this  place 
to  Frederic  county  were  duly  forwarded  a  few  days  after 
you  left  us."t 

*  Spark's  Washington,  Vol.  7,  p.  343. 
t  Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  i,p.  511. 


lO  THE  COUNTRY  GROWING  WEARY  OF  WAR. 


^^^^/^^'l^^-^^^ 


The  Colonel  Gibson  referred  to  in  this  letter  was  Colonel 
John  Gibson,  afterwards  the  first  secretar)'  of  Indiana  terri- 
tor}',  and  for  a  time  acting  governor.       His  selection  was 

entirely  satisfactory  to 
General  Clark,  and  all 
that   now   seemed  to   be 

*         '  required  was  the  raising 

of  two  thousand  men,  which  was  the  number  thought  to 
be  necessar)'  to  make  the  expedition  a  success. 

But  this  was  the  zenith  of  his  expectations  and  his  pros- 
pects, for,  notwithstanding  the  favor  shown  the  enterprise 
by  AA'^ashington  and  Jefferson,  two  of  the  foremost  men  of 
that  day,  unavoidable  difBculties  and  disappointments  be- 
gan to  appear,  and  continued  to  make  themselves  felt  with 
crushing  pertinacity  to  the  end,  and  all  the  facts  at  com- 
mand evidence  that  this  was  in  no  way  due  to  any  fault  of 
his  own. 

The  truth  is,  the  long  continuance  of  the  War  of  the  Revo- 
lution had  brought  the  people  to  realize  that  it  was  a  ver}' 
serious  matter  and  military  zeal  and  desire  to  engage  in  mili- 
tary campaigns  had  very  much  abated.  This  was  particu- 
larl}'  true  in  Virginia  and  Pennsj'lvania,  where  the  horrors 
of  the  war  had  been  brought  within  their  own  state  limits, 
and  it  was  in  the  former,  mainl)-,  that  he  expected  to  raise 
his  troops.  The  fighting  population  felt  they  were  needed 
nearer  home,  and,  besides,  continental  money  had  become 
so  worthless  that  pay  was  not  likely  to  be  at  all  adequate. 

Finally  it  was  undertaken  to  draft  militia  for  the  expedi- 
tion, and  the  following  letter,  written  to  Governor  Jeffer- 
son, February  9,  1781,  by  Colonel  John  Smith,  the  county 


KE>.'RlTl-[Xt;    SLOW   AND   PAPER   MONEY   DEPRECIA-iEr. .      7II 

lieutenant  of  Frederic,  will  show  what  the  result  was  in 
that  county  : 

"The  orders  for  a  draught  of  two  hundred  and  eighty 
men  from  the  militia  from  that  country  to  ser^'e  under 
Colonel  Clark  has  been  executed,  so  far  as  to  direct  the 
men  to  hold  themselves  in  readiness.  But  the  difficulty 
will  be  to  compel  these  men  to  march,  owing  to  their  aver- 
sion to  this  expedition. 

"Even  should  this  be  accomplished,  he  can  not  procure 
twenty  guns  in  the  countrj-,  and  without  arms  they  could 
do  nothing.  Colonel  Clark  has  been  informed  of  this  dif- 
ficulty, and  says  arms  can  be  procured  in  Philadelphia. 
INIajor  Hunter,  the  bearer  of  this,  will  give  further  par- 
ticulars in  regard  to  the  sentiments  of  the  people  of  the 
county.''  * 

The  same  condition  of  affairs  prevailed  in  other  coun- 
ties, and  there  seemed  to  be  a  general  feeling  of  indiffer- 
ence, or  repugnance,  as  to  going  off  on  such  a  distant 
campaign.  Besides,  the  deplorable  financial  condition  of 
Virginia  at  that  time  prevented  suitable  clothing  and  equip- 
ments being  promptl}'  furnished  the  troops  when  they  were 
raised.  Colonel  Joseph  Crockett  wrote  the  governor  from 
Shepardstown,  on  the  z|.th  of  March,  that  ''By  orders  re- 
ceived from  Colonel  Clark,  we  have  just  returned  from 
Frederic  town  to  this  place,  in  hopes  to  get  the  i-egiment 
equipped  for  the  western  expedition.  I  must  beg  leave 
once  more  to  mention  to  Your  Excellency  the  great  dis- 
tress the  regiment  is  in  for  want  of  clothing,  the  soldiers 
being  almost  naked  for  want  of  linen,  and  entirely  without 

*  Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  i,  p.  502 


12        CI.ARK   S  APPEAL  TO   JEFFEKSOX  AND  WASHINGTON. 


shoes.  Colonel  Clark  informs  me  he  expects  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  linen  at  Winchester,  of  which  we  shall 
have  a  part.     As  for  shoes,  I  know  not  where  to  appl}'. 

"This  will  be  handed  to  Your  Excellenc}'  by  Captain 
Cherry,  paymaster  to  the  western  battalion,  who  will  wait 
on  the  treasurer  for  a  sum  of  money  due  the  officers,  agree- 
able to  a  late  act  of  assembly,  and  also  will  with  cheerful- 
ness obey  an^•  commands  Your  Excellency  may  please  to 
la}'  on  him,  in  order  to  serve  the  regiment  in  forwarding 
clothing,  money,  etc."* 

The  trouble  was  that  when  the  money  did  come  it  was 
usually  in  paper,  and  of  little  or  no  value.  Colonel  John 
Gibson,  writing  to  the  governor  of  Virginia  (Nelson)  Sep- 
tember iS,  17S1,  says:  "He  had  been  ordered  the  winter 
before  b)'  Governor  Jefferson  from  Richmond  to  Philadel- 
phia, in  order  to  forward  a  suppl}'  of  powder  to  Fort  Pitt, 
for  the  expedition  under  General  Clark.  The  mone}'  sent 
through  Ensign  Tannehill  to  defra}'  the  expenses  incident 
to  this  dut}'  'would  not  pass  at  any  rate'  in  that  country, 
and  he  now  returns  it  by  Mr.  Boreman,  with  the  request 
that  it  be  exchanged,  etc."f 

General  Clark  bore  up  under  all  these  vexations  and  dis- 
appointments with  remarkable  fortitude.  Foiled  at  one 
point  he  turned  hopefully  to  another  and  never  relaxed  his 
efforts.  The  severest  blow  came  in  Broadhead's  failure  to 
assign  him  Colonel  Gibson  and  his  regiment  as  had  been  re- 
quested by  Jefferson  and  Washington.  Clark  fully  realized 
the  danger  of  this  failure,  but  did  not  despair.     From  Fort 

*Virginia  State  Papers,  ^'ol.  i,  p.  1^72. 
tVirginia  State  Papers,  ^'ol.  2.  p.  4^8. 


CLARK  S  APPEAL  TO  JEFFEI^SOX  AND  WASHINGTON.        713 

Pitt  he  ^^■rote  earnest  appeals  to  both.  On  the  20th  of 
Ma}'  he  wrote  this  feehng  letter  to  General  Washington  : 
"Redueed  to  the  neeessity  of  taking  ever3'step  to  carr\-  m\ 
point  the  ensuing  campaign,  I  hope  Your  Excellenc^■  will 
excuse  me  in  taking  the  liberty  of  troubling  you  with  this 
request.  The  invasion  of  Virginia  put  it  out  of  the  power 
of  the  governor  to  furnish  me  with  the  number  of  men  pro- 
posed for  the  enterprise  to  the  west,  but  informed  me  he 
had  obtained  leave  from  the  Baron  Steuben,  and  agreeable 
to  your  letters,  for  Colonel  John  Gibson  and  regiment  and 
Heth's  company  to  join  my  forces,  an  addition  of  men  with 
them  the  inilitia  we  were  disappointed  of. 

"On  consulting  Colonel  Broadhead  he  could  not  conceive 
he  was  at  libert}'  to  let  them  go,  as  your  instructions  were 
pointed,  respecting  the  stores  and  troops  to  be  furnished  by 
him.  From  Your  Excellency's  letters  to  Colonel  Broad- 
head  I  supposed  him  at  libert}'  to  furnish  what  men  he 
pleased.  Convinced  he  did  not  think  as  I  do,  or  otherwise 
he  would  have  had  no  objections,  as  he  appeared  to  wish 
to  give  the  enterprise  ever}'  aid  in  his  power. 

"The  hopes  of  obtaining  a  grant  of  these  troops  has  in- 
duced me  to  address  Your  Excellency  myself,  as  it  is  too 
late  to  consult  Governor  Jefferson  farther  on  the  subject, 
wishing  to  set  out  on  the  expedition  early  in  June,  as  our 
store  of  provisions  is  nearly  complete.  If  our  force  should 
be  equal  to  the  task  proposed  I  can  not  conceive  but  that 
this  post  with  every  small  garrison  even  of  militia  will  be 
in  any  danger,  as  it  is  attached  to  a  populous  country,  and 
during  our  time  in  the  enemy's  (country),  Mcintosh  and 


714       CLARK'S  APPEAL  TO   JEFFERSON  AND  WASHINGTON. 

AVheeling  will  be  useless,  or  might  also  be  garrisoned  by 
small  parties  of  militia. 

"These  I  know  to  be  Your  Excellency's  ideas.  If  you 
should  approve  of  the  troops  in  this  department  joining 
our  forces,  though  the}'  are  few  the  acquisition  maj'  be  at- 
tended with  great  and  good  consequences,  as  two  hundred 
only  might  turn  the  scale  in  our  favor. 

"The  advantages  which  must  derive  to  the  states  from 
our  proving  successful  is  of  such  importance  that  I  think 
(it)  deserved  greater  preparations  to  insure  it.  But  I  have 
not  yet  lost  sight  of  Detroit.  Nothing  seems  to  threaten 
us  but  the  want  of  men,  but  even  should  (we)  be  able  to 
cut  our  way  through  the  Indians  and  find  that  they  have 
no  re-enforcements  at  Detroit,  we  may  probably  have  the 
assurance  to  attack  it,  though  our  force  may  be  much  less 
than  proposed  which  was  two  thousand,  as  defeating  the 
Indians  with  inconsderable  loss  on  our  side  would  almost 
insure  us  success.  Should  this  be  the  case  a  valuable  peace 
will  probably  ensue. 

"But  on  the  contrarj^,  if  we  fall  through  in  our  present 
plans  and  no  expedition  should  take  place,  it  is  to  be  feared 
that  the  consequences  will  be  fatal  to  the  whole  frontier,  as 
every  exertion  will  be  made  b}'  the  British  party  to  harass 
them  as  much  as  possible — disable  them  from  giving  any 
succor  to  our  eastern  or  southern  forces.  The  Indian  war 
is  now  more  general  than  ever — any  attempt  to  appease 
them  will  be  fruitless.  Captain  Randolph  waits  on  Your 
Excellency  for  an  answer  to  this  letter,  which  I  flatter  my- 
self you  will  honor  me  with  immediately.  Colonel  Gibson 
who  coinmands  in  the   absence  of  Colonel  Broadhead  will 


CLARK'S  APPEAL  TO  JEFFEK.SON  AND  WASl  (INGTON.        715 

keep  the  troops  in  readiness  to  move  at  an  hour's  warning; 
conducting  myself  as  though  this  request  was  granted,  im- 
patiently waiting  for  the  happy  order."  * 

Three  daj's  later  he  wrote  from  "Yahogania  C.  H."  the 
following  letter  to  the  governor  of  Virginia:  "A few  days 
past  I  received  dispatches  from  the  Illinois,  Kentucky,  etc., 
of  a  late  date.  I  am  sorrj-  to  inform  Your  Excellency  that 
near  one  hundred  thousand  pounds  of  beef  at  the  Kentucky 
is  spoilt  by  the  persons  engaged  to  procure  it.  ^Vbout  the 
same  quantity  on  hand  excellent  good,  and  two  hundred 
and  fifty  head  of  cattle  promised  by  the  inhabitants.  The 
Indians  have  done  considerable  damage  there.  The  enclosed 
copies  are  all  that  is  worth  your  notice  from  the  Illinois, 
but  what  you  already  knew  of  by  former  letters  from  that 
country. 

''You  will  see  the  measures  that  have  been  taken  respect- 
ing- Shannon  and  Moor  and  the  issue.  Colonel  Broadhead 
would  not  agree  to  suffer  Colonel  Gibson's  regiment  to  go 
on  the  expedition,  as  he  said  he  could  not  answer  for  it. 
I  have  written  to  General  Washington  in  consequence  as 
per  enclosed  copies.  The  continental  officers  and  soldiers  of 
this  department  to  a  man  ( are )  anxious  for  the  expedition 
supposed  against  the  Indians.  The  country  in  general 
wishing  it  to  take  place,  but  too  few  think  of  going,  and  so 
great  a  contrast  between  the  people  of  the  two  states  in  this 
quarter  that  no  method  can  be  taken  to  force  them  to  war. 

"We  are  taking  every  step  in  our  power  to  raise  volun- 
teers. What  number  we  shall  get  I  can't  as  yet  guess.  I 
doubt  too  few.     The  disappointment  of  seven  hundred  men 

♦Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  i,  p.  108. 
46 


7l6       COL.    JOHN  GIBSON'S  LETTER  TO  GOV.  JEFFERSON. 


from  Berkeley  and  Hampshire  I  am  afraid  is  too  great  a 
stroke  to  recover  (from),  as  in  fact  the  greatest  part  of  this 
countr}'  is  in  subordination  neither  to  Penns3'ivania  or  Vir- 
ginia. General  Washington  informs  me  that  he  had  re- 
ceived information  that  Colonel  Connellv  had  left  New 
York  with  a  design  to  make  a  di\ersion  in  the  countries  to 
be  re-enforced  by  Sir  John  Johnson  in  Canada. 

"I  doubt,  sir,  we  shall  as  usual  be  obliged  to  pla}'  a  des- 
perate game  this  campaign.  If  we  had  the  two  thousand 
men  first  proposed,  such  intelligence  would  give  me  pleas- 
ure. The  greatest  part  of  our  stores  have  come  to  hand, 
the  remainder  I  shortly  expect.  By  the  greatest  exertions 
and  your  timely  supplies  of  mone}'  we  have  the  boats  and 
provisions  expected  in  this  quarter  nearly  completed. 

"I  propose  to  leave  this  about  the  15th  of  June,  if  we 
can  embody  a  sufficient  number  of  men  by  that  time.  I 
do  not  yet  despair  of  seeing  the  proposed  object  on  toler- 
able terms,  although  our  circumstances  (are)  rathe'-  gloomy. 
Colonel  Crockett  and  regiment  arrived  a  few  da3-s  past  who 
informed  me  that  a  company  or  two  (of)  volunteers  might 
be  expected  from  Frederick  and  Berkelej'.  I  am  sorry  we 
are  so  circumstanced  as  to  be  glad  to  receive  them."  * 

Colonel  John  Gibson,  then  in  command  at  Fort  Pitt, 
offered  General  Clark  every  facility  in  his  power,  but  he 
plainl}'  foresaw  that  he  was  not  likely  to  secure  the  number 
of  men  necessarj'  to  the  success  of  a  campaign  against  De- 
troit, and  he  foreshadowed  as  much,  on  the  30th  of  May, 
in  a  letter  to  Governor  Jefferson,  in  which  he  said: 

*  Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  2,  p.  116. 


FAILURE  TO  PROCURE  TROOPS.  >]l>] 


''General  Clark  \\\\\  write  Your  Excellency  by  this  oppor- 
tunity- and  I  make  no  doubt  give  3'ou  e\'ery  information 
relative  to  the  intended  expedition.  I  am  much  afraid  he 
will  not  be  able  to  get  man}^  of  the  militia  from  this  quarter, 
as  I  have  just  heard  that  three  hundred  men  from  the 
counties  of  Monongahela  and  Ohio  have  crossed  the  Ohio 
at  Wheeling,  and  are  gone  to  cut  off  the  Moravian  Indian 
towns;  if  so  they  will  hardly  turn  out  on  their  return. 

"Indeed  it  appears  to  me  they  have  done  this  in  order 
to  evade  going  with  General  Clark.  The  Moravians  have 
alwaj's  given  the  most  convincing  proofs  of  their  attachment 
to  the  cause  of  America,  by  always  giving  intelligence 
of  every  party  that  came  against  the  frontiers;  and  on  the 
late  expedition  they  furnished  Colonel  Broadhead  and  his 
party  with  a  large  quantity  of  provisions  \\'hen  the)'  were 
star\'ing.  For  the  news  of  this  post,  permit  me  to  refer 
Your  Excellency  to  the  bearer,  Ensign  Tannehill.''  *" 

General  Clark  expected  to  have  left  Fort  Pitt  by  the  15th 
of  June  with  two  thousand  men,  but  the}-  could  not  be 
secured,  notwithstanding  he  made  the  most  strenuous  efforts 
to  that  end,  and  delaj'S  were  unavoidable.  The  failure  to 
secure  the  continental  troops,  under  Gibson,  was  followed 
bv  the  failure  to  procure  seven  hundred  men  expected  to  be 
raised  in  Hampshire  and  Berkeley  counties,  in  Virginia, 
and  those  from  Frederick  dwindled  awa}-  to  only  a  small 
part  of  the  number  anticipated.  These,  and  other  dis- 
appointments and  difficulties,   delayed  his  departure,  and 

*Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  2,  p.  131. 


yiS       CI.ARK  DEPARTS  WITH  ONLY  FOUR   HUXnREI)  MEN. 


finally  he  started  down  the  river  with  only  about  four  hun- 
dred, instead  of  two  thousand  men,  as  intended.  Some 
additional  troops  were  expected  to  overtake  him  but  never 
did,  as  will  be  seen  later. 

Clark  was  at  Wheeling  on  the  4th  of  August,  on  which 
da}'  he  wrote  the  following  gloomy  letter  to  the  governor 
of  \lrginia:  "I  make  no  doubt  but  it  was  alarming  to  you 
that  I  had  not  left  this  country.  Whoever  undertakes  to 
raise  an  ami}-  in  this  quarter  will  find  himself  disappointed 
— except  the  law  was  of  greater  force,  and  not  depending 
on  the  wills  of  the  populace.  This  country  calls  aloud  for 
an  expedition,  wishing  me  to  put  it  into  execution,  but 
( the  people  are)  so  strangely  infatuated  that  all  the  methods 
I  have  been  able  to  pursue  will  not  draw  them  into  the 
field.  We  have  made  draughts  to  no  purpose.  Governor 
Reed  also  wrote  to  them,  but  to  no  effect. 

"P'rom  the  time  I  found  I  was  to  be  disappointed  in  the 
troops  ordered  b}'  government  I  began  to  suspect  the  want 
of  men,  which  is  now  the  case  when  everything  else  is  pre- 
pared. I  could  not  get  Colonel  Gibson's  regiment,  other- 
wise I  should  have  been  gone  long  since — had  to  make  up 
the  deficiency  by  volunteers,  but  finding  that  no  arguments 
are  sufficient,  I  determined  to  quit  them,  leaving  no  stone 
unturned  by  which  they  might  hereafter  excuse  themselves. 
To  save  the  garrison  of  Pittsburgh  from  being  evacuated,  I 
have  been  obliged  to  spare  them  a  considerable  quantity 
of  flour,  but  yet  have  enough  to  do  something  clever  had  I 
men. 

"I  have  relinquished  mv  expectation  relative  to  the  plans 
heretofore  laid,  and  shall  drop  down  the  river  with  what 


DESPONDING  LETTER   FROAl   GENEl^AL  CLARK.  72  I 


men  I  have,  amounting  to  about  four  hundred;  consisting 
of  Crockett's  regiment,  Craig's  artillery,  volunteers,  etc. 
If  I  find  a  prospect  of  completing  ni}-  forces  in  an}/  other 
country  I  shall  do  it,  and  make  my  strokes  according  to 
circumstances.  If  I  find  it  out  of  my  power  to  do  an3thing 
of  importance,  I  shall  dispose  of  the  public  stores  to  the 
greatest  advantage  and  quit  all  further  thoughts  of  enter- 
prise in  this  quarter. 

''  I  do  not  yet  condemn  myself  for  undertaking  the  ex- 
pedition against  Detroit.  I  jet  think,  had  I  near  the  num- 
ber of  men  at  first  proposed,  should  have  carried  it.  I 
may  }'et  make  some  stroke  among  the  Indians  before  the 
close  of  the  campaign,  but  at  present  (that  is)  really  to  be 
doubted. 

"  I  have  been  at  so  much  pains  to  enable  us  to  prosecute 
the  first  plan,  that  the  disappointment  is  doubly  mortify- 
ing to  me,  and  I  feel  for  the  dreadful  consequences  that 
will  ensue  throughout  the  frontier  if  nothing  is  done.  This 
country  already  begins  to  suspect  it  and  to  invite  me  to 
execute  some  plans  of  their  own,  but  I  shall  no  longer 
trust  them. 

"  I  shall  hereafter  transmit  to  Your  Excellency  copies  of 
all  the  public  letters  sent  and  received  respecting  the  expe- 
dition, by  which  you  will  see  the  very  great  pains  that  have 
been  taken  with  the  inhabitants  of  this  country  to  little 
purpose.  The  unsettled  state  of  the  government  is  very 
hurtful  to  public  measures  among  them.  I  have  spared  to 
Colonel  Harrison  £126581  17s  to  enable  him  to  go  on 
with  his  business,  which  he  is  to  settle  with  the  auditors. 


COLONEL  LOCHRY  STARTS  TO  JOIN  CLARK. 


Be  pleased  to  order  me   credit  for  it  on  their   books.      I 
think   Colonel   Harrison  has   done   himself  honor  in  con- 


ducting his  business."* 


Part  of  the  troops  which  General  Clark  expected  would 
join  him  at  Wheeling,  Virginia,  where  there  was  then  a 
fort,  called  Fort  Henr}',  were  recruited  largely  in  West- 
moreland county,  Pennsylvania,  by  Colonel  Archibald 
Lochiy,  the  county  lieutenant  of  that  county.  In  the  com- 
mand of  Colonel  Lochrj'  were  a  company  of  volunteer 
riflemen  raised  by  Captain  Robert  Orr,  two  companies  of 
rangers  under  Captains  Sainuel  Shannon  and  Thoinas 
Stockley,  and  a  company  of  horse  under  command  of  Cap- 
tain AVilliam  Campbell;  but  these  companies  could  not  have 
been  full,  as  there  wei-e  but  one  hundred  and  seven  men  in 
the  part}-  when  the}-  passed  down  the  Ohio  river. 

Colonel  Lochr}'  started  with  his  command  froi-n  Carna- 
han's  block-house,  eleven  miles  west  of  Hannastown, 
Pennsylvania,  late  in  July  or  early  in  August,  1781,  to 
join  General  Clark's  forces.  It  is  pretty  certain  that  the 
date  of  departure  from  Carnahan's  was  not  earlier  than 
the  24th  of  July,  or  later  than  the  3d  of  August,  and  all 
accounts  agree  that  the  party  reached  Wheeling  on  the  8th 
of  the  latter  month,  coming  by  land  as  far  as  Pittsburgh, 
and  from  thence  by  water. 

There  had,  apparently,  been  unexpected  and  unavoid- 
able delay,  which  proved  to  be  most  unfortunate,  as  will 
be  seen  in  the  sequel.      General  Clark  waited  at  Wheeling 

'^Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  2,  p.  294, 


UNFORTUNATE  FAILl^'RE  TO  CONNECT.         723 


five  days  long-er  than  was  intenck'd,  and,  finding  further 
dehiy  dang-erous,  as  his  troops  were  restless  and  man}- 
deserting,  he  left  ^Vheeling  the  day  before  the  arrival  of 
Colonel  Lochry's  party,  hearing  nothing  from  them,  and 
dropped  down  the  river  "about  twelve  hours,"  leaving 
provisions  and  boats  for  their  use,  with  directions  to  follow 
him. 

But  here  was  another  serious  delay,  for  the}^  did  not 
arrive  at  the  place  below,  to  which  Clark  had  gone,  until 
ten  daj's  later,  having  been  detained,  inainlv,  by  preparation 
of  additional  boats  for  the  transportation  of  men  and  horses. 
Again  they  were  one  day  too  late,  as  General  Clark  had 
departed  the  da}'  before  for  the  mouth  of  the  Kanawha 
river,  where  he  expected  to  await  their  arrival,  and  he  left 
Lieutenant  Creacraft  and  some  men,  with  a  boat,  but,  un- 
fortunately, did  not  leave  ammunition  and  provisions,  of 
which  the  Lochry  party  were  now  in  great  need,  although 
that  fact  was  probably  not  known  bv  General  Clark. 

Misfortunes  were  still  pursuing  them.  So  much  dissat- 
isfaction had  developed  among  the  troops  with  General 
Clark  that  there  was  danger  of  the  force  being  greatly  re- 
duced by  desertions,  a  party  of  nineteen  having  alreadv 
deserted,  and  therefore  he  decided  not  to  remain  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Kanawha,  for  the  Lochry  party  to  come 
up,  as  he  had  intended.  He  left  a  letter,  suspended  from 
a  pole,  directing  the  party  to  come  down  the  river.  But 
the  river  was  low,  and  none  of  the  Lochry  party  seemed 
familiar  with  the  channel,  and  their  supplies  having  run 
short  they  now  felt  themselves  in  such  bad  condition  that 
they  lost  hope  of  overtaking  Clark  with  their  whole  force, 


r24  CAPTURE  OF  CAPTAIN  SHANNON   S  PARTY. 


but  decided  to  send  Captain  Shannon,  with  seven  men 
in  a  swift  moving  boat,  to  overtake  him,  if  possible,  and 
inform  him  of  the  situation. 

This,  under  ordinary  circumstances,  was  a  wise  deter- 
mination, and  would  doubtless  have  been  successful  but  for 
an  over^^■helming•  and  unexpected  disaster  which  occurred 
to  Captain  Shannon  and  most  of  his  men.  They  were 
captured  by  the  Indians,  and  with  them  a  letter  to  Clark, 
disclosing  the  situation  of  Lochry's  party,  which  before 
was  unknown  to  the  Indians  and  their  British  leaders,  who 
supposed  that  Clark  and  Lochry's  forces  were  coming  down 
the  river  together. 

This  capture  was  the  greatest  misfortune  that  had  yet 
befallen  the  Americans.  Their  weak  and  divided  condi- 
tion was  now  definitely  made  known  to  the  enemy,  who 
promptly  decided  to  take  advantage  of  the  opportunity. 
They  had  long  been  advised  of  the  intended  expedition 
against  Detroit,  and  were  watching  Clark's  voyage  down 
the  river,  but  overestimated  both  his  force  and  the  number 
of  his  cannon,  and,  thus  far,  had  made  no  attack.  Now 
they  were  better  informed,  and  determined,  when  the  right 
time  came,  to  attack  Lochry's  party. 

They  watched  their  opportunit}',  and  finally  collected, 
about  eleven  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  great  Miami 
river,  three  hundred  strong,  under  able  leaders.  The  cel- 
ebrated chief,  Brant,  is  said  to  have  been  one  of  them,  but 
this  is  not  entirely  certain. 

The  Indians,  with  their  usual  cunning,  forced  and  per- 
suaded Shannon's  party,  under  promise  of  release,  to  station 
themselves  at  a  prominent  place  on  the  north  side  of  the 


LOCHRY  S  DEFEAT. 


7-5 


river  to  hail  the  Lochry  part}-  as  they  descended  and  induce 
them  to  surrender,  on  the  ground  that  resistance  against 
such  an  overwhelming  force  ^\■ould  result  in  certain  de- 
struction, whereas  if  the}-  surrendered  their  li\-es  would  be 
spared.  It  is  said  the  prisoners  (of  course  with  guards  near 
enough  to  prevent  escape)  were  stationed  at  the  head  of  an 
island  about  three  miles  below  a  creek  flowing  into  the 
Ohio,  now  the  dividing  line  between  Dearborn  and  Ohio 
counties,  in  the  state  of  Indiana,  and  called  Lochr}',  as  is 
also  the  island,  after  the  unfortunate  commander  of  this 
division  of  the  expedition. 

The  Indians,  howe^'er,  attacked  the  Lochry  party  before 
reaching  this  point,  probablv  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  the 
creek  before  referred  to,  there  being  some  dispute  as  to  the 
exact  spot  where  the  attack  was  made.  The  fighting  ap- 
pears to  have  been  brought  on  earlier  and  a  little  higher 
up  than  the  Indians  intended,  because  of  the  Americans 
having  stopped  their  boats  here  to  take  the  horses  on  the 
shore  to  graze,  feed  for  them  on  the  boats  being  exhausted. 

Lieutenant  Isaac  Anderson,  who  had  command  of  Cap- 
tain Shannon's  company,  and  was  taken  prisoner,  kept  a 
journal  of  the  campaign,  from  which  the  following  extracts 
are  taken: 

Augusts,  1781.  Arrived  at  Wheeling  fort,  and  found 
Clark  was  settled  down  the  river  about  twelve  hours. 

August  9th.  Colonel  Lochry  sent  a  quartermaster  and 
officer  of  the  horse  after  him,  which  overtook  him  at  Mid- 
dle island  and  returned;  then  started  all  our  foot  troops  on 
seven  boats  and  our  horses  bj?  land  to  Grave  creek. 


726  LIEUTENANT  ANDERSON'S    JOURNAE. 


August  13th.  Gloved  down  to  Fishing  creek:  we  took 
Lieutenant  Baker  and  sixteen  men,  deserting  from  Gen- 
eral Clark,  and  went  that  da}-  to  middle  of  Long  Reach, 
where  we  staid  that  night. 

August  15th.  To  the  Three  islands,  where  we  found 
^lajor  Creacroft  waiting  on  us  ^ith  a  horse-boat.  He, 
with  his  guard,  six  men,  started  that  night  after  General 
Clark. 

August  1 6th.  Colonel  Lochry  detailed  Captain  Shan- 
non \\-ith  seven  men  and  letter  after  General  Clark,  and 
moved  that  day  to  the  Little  Kanawha  with  all  our  horses 
on  board  the  boats. 

August  17th.  Two  men  went  out  to  hunt  who  never 
returned  to  us.     We  moved  that  day  to  Buffalo  island. 

August  iSth.     To  Catfish  island. 

August  19th.      To  Bare  Banks. 

August  2oth.  We  met  with  two  of  Shannon's  men, 
who  told  us  they  had  put  to  shore  to  cook,  below  the  mouth 
of  the  Siotha  (Scioto),  where  Shannon  sent  them  and  a 
sergeant  out  to  hunt.  When  the-s'  got  about  half  a  mile  in 
the  woods  the}'  heard  a  number  of  guns  fire,  which  the}' 
supposed  to  be  Indians  firing  on  the  rest  of  the  party,  and 
they  immediately  took  up  the  river  to  meet  us;  but,  un- 
fortunately, the  sergeant's  knife  dropped  on  the  ground 
and  it  ran  directly  through  his  foot,  and  he  died  of  the 
wound  in  a  few  minutes.     We  sailed  that  night. 

August  2 1st.     We  moved  to  Tv\^o  islands. 

August  22d.     To  the  Sassafras  bottom. 

August  23d.     Went  all  day  and  all  night. 


LIEUTICX.WI'  ANDERSON   S    |01.!RNAI^.  727 


^Vugust  24th.  Colonel  Lochn*  ordered  the  boats  to  land 
on  the  Indiana  shore,  about  ten  miles  bek)\v  the  mouth  of 
the  Great  ^Nlej'amee  (^liami)  river,  to  cook  provisions  and 
cut  grass  for  the  horses,  \\'hen  we  ^^'cre  fired  on  by  a  party 
of  Indians  from  the  bank.  We  took  to  our  boats,  expect- 
ing to  cross  the  river,  and  were  fired  on  b}'  another  party 
in  a  number  of  canoes,  and  soon  we  became  a  prey  to 
them.  They  killed  the  colonel  and  a  number  more  after 
thev  were  prisoners.  The  number  of  our  killed  was  about 
forty.  Thev  marched  us  that  night  about  eight  miles  up 
the  river  and  encamped. 

August  2:;th.  We  marched  eight  miles  up  the  Mey- 
amee  river  and  encamped. 

August  26th.      La}'  in  camp. 

August  27th.  The  party  that  took  us  was  joined  by  one 
hundred  white  men  under  the  command  of  Captain  Thomp- 
son and  three  hundred  Indians  under  the  command  of  Cap- 
tain McKee. 

Aueust  2Sth.  The  whole  of  the  Indians  and  whites 
went  down  against  the  settlements  of  Kentucky,  excepting 
a  sergeant  and  eighteen  men,  which  \\'cre  left  to  take  care 
of  sixteen  prisoners  and  stores  that  were  left  there.  We 
lay  there  until  the  15th  of  September. 

September  15,  1781.  We  started  toward  the  Shawna 
towns  on  our  way  to  Detroit. 

Lieutenant  Anderson  was  first  taken  to  Detroit,  then  to 
Fort  Niagara,  finally  to  Montreal,  where  he  escaped,  reach- 
ino-  his  home  in  Pennsylvania  just  one  year  after  his  depart- 
ure on  the  unfortunate  expedition. 


lochry's  defeat.  729 


The  place  where  the  attack  on  Colonel  Lochry's  party 
was  made  was  where  a  sand  bar  projected  far  out  from  the 
shore  making  the  river,  which  was  then  at  a  low  stage  of 
water,  verj'  narrow  at  that  point.  As  the  Indians  knew 
perfectl}'  na'cII  that  they  were  three  times  as  strong  in  num- 
bers as  the  party  the}'  were  going  to  attack,  it  is  believed 
that  they  had  a  portion  of  their  force  on  each  side  of  the  river, 
so  as  to  take  advantage  of  the  advance  or  retreat  of  the 
Americans  in  either  direction;  and  the  attack  was  probably 
made  from  both  sides,  which  has  led  to  some  confusion  as 
to  where  the  fight  began.  The  evidence,  however,  is  posi- 
tive that  the  main  attack,  and  the  slaughter  and  capture  of 
Lochry's  part}'  was  on  the  Indiana  side,  at,  or  near,  the 
mouth  of  Lochry's  creek. 

General  Clark  had  already  passed  on  down  the  river  in 
safety,  and  was  entirely  ignorant  of  the  threatened  calamity 
to  Colonel  Lochrj-'s  command.  It  is  not  likely  the  latter 
had  any  idea  the  Indians  were  near  in  such  force,  or  that 
he  was  in  immediate  danger.  However,  as  Captain  Shan- 
non had  not  returned,  it  seems  somewhat  strange  that  he, 
and  his  command,  did  not  act  with  greater  caution  and 
make  a  better  defense,  but  their  helpless  condition  should 
be  remembered,  and  that  they  had  no  positive  evidence  of 
Indians  being  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 

They  were  in  a  strange  country,  on  a  part  of  the  river 
unknown  to  them,  out  of  provisions,  and  almost  out  of 
ammunition.  The  horses  were  stai-ving  and  were  landed 
at  a  favorable  spot  to  feed  upon  the  luxuriant  grass  and  pea 
vines  growing  in  that  locality.  The  men,  too,  were  greatly 
in  need  of  food,  and  had  killed  a  buffalo,  which  some  of 


J^O  THE  DEFEAT  OCCASIONS  GREAT  SORROW. 


them  were  cooking  when  the  Indians  rushed  upon  them 
with  such  impetuosity  and  overwhehiiing  numbers  that  all 
the  Americans  were  either  killed  or  captured. 

This  was  the  sad  and  deplorable  ending  of  Colonel  Loch- 
ry's  unfortunate  expedition,  and  it  was  more  destructive 
and  disastrous  to  the  whites  than  any  conflict  with  the  In- 
dians that  had  ever  before  occuiTed  on  what  is  now  Indiana 
soil — or  probabl}'  any  that  had  occurred  in  the  western 
country.  Forty-one  Americans  were  killed  and  the  rest 
taken  prisoners.  Of  the  whole  number  who  left  Pennsyl- 
vania on  the  expedition  only  a  month  before,  less  than 
half  returned  to  their  homes.  The  mournful  tidings  did 
not  reach  Pennsvlvania  for  several  months  but  when  it  did 
"their  misfortunes  threw  the  people  of  the  country  into 
the  greatest  consternation  and  despair,  particularly  West- 
moreland county,  Lochry's  party  being  all  the  best  men  of 
their  frontier."  * 

But  it  was  not  in  Pennsylvania  alone  that  the  sad  news 
filled  the  hearts  of  the  people  with  sorrow.  It  was  mourned 
and  deplored  by  sympathizing  Americans  ever3'where;  but 
by  none  more  sincerelv  than  bv  General  Clark,  and  for 
manv  I'easons,  not  the  least  of  which  was  that  it  was  the 
finishing  blow  that  extinguished,  forever,  all  hope  of  a  suc- 
cessful campaign  against  Detroit,  which  he  had  so  long 
and  so  fondly  cherished,  as  well  as  all  hope  of  any  imme- 
diate campaign  against  the  Indians. 

His  distress  was  increased  by  unjust  criticism  of  some  of 
the  people  of  Pennsylvania  who  thought  he  ought  to  have 
prevented  Lochry's  defeat,   which  censure    was    the    out- 

*Letter  of  General  Irvine  to  General  \\';ishini?ton. 


THE  EXPEDITION  FAILED  FOR  LACK  OF  MEN.  73  I 


growth  of  the  strong  prejudice  and  unfriendly  feeling  exist- 
ing between  certain  parts  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia  at 
that  period,  on  account  of  the  disputed  boundary  line  be- 
tween the  two  commonwealths.  This  condition  of  affairs  had 
much  to  do  in  preventing  General  Clark  from  getting  the 
men  he  expected  to  join  him  at  Pittsburgh.  Major  Will- 
iam Croghan,  writing  from  that  place  to  Colonel  William 
Davis,  speaks  of  General  Clark's  departure  with  only  four 
hundred  men,  and  says:  "The  reason  so  few  went  with 
him  from  this  place  is  owing  to  the  dispute  that  subsists 
here  between  the  Virginians  and  Pennsylvanians  respecting 
the  two  bounds  of  the  latter.  And  the  general,  being  a 
Virginian,  was  opposed  b}--  the  most  noted  men  here  of 
the  Pennsylvania  part}'."  It  should  not  be  forgotten, 
however,  that  the  reason  assigned  by  Major  Croghan  did  not 
operate  in  Berkeley,  Hampshire  and  Frederick  counties,  in 
Virginia,  where  the  failure  was  equally  marked  and  dis- 
appointing. 

General  Clark's  conduct  in  this  matter,  as  well  as  in  the 
contemplated  expedition  against  Detroit,  appears  to  need 
no  defense;  but  if  it  did,  it  is  amply  given  in  a  letter  written 
to  the  governor  of  Virginia  (Harrison)  by  Colonel  Joseph 
Crockett,  who  was  in  the  expedition,  and  familiar  with  all 
the  circumstances.  The  following  is  an  extract  from  this 
letter: 

"I  received  Your  Excellency's  letter  of  the  i6th  instant, 
the  purport  of  which  I  am  at  loss  to  answer  as  clearly  as  I 
could  wish.  As  for  General  Clark's  conduct,  last  cam- 
paign whilst  I  had  the  honor  to  serve  under  his  command, 

as  touching  his  military  character,  I  can  not  think   he  is 

47 


JT,2  COLONEL    ]OSEPH  CROCKETT  S  LETTER. 


deserving  censure;  his  greatest  misfortune  and  loss  of  use- 
ful operations  of  this  campaign  was  the  want  of  men, 
although  the  general  strained  ever}'  nerve  in  his  power  to 
raise  a  sufficient  number  to  penetrate  into  the  heart  of  the 
enemy's  countr}-,  and  was  assisted  by  a  small  number  of 
good  men,  to  complete  his  laudible  design.  It  appeared 
to  me  to  be  out  of  the  power  of  any  human  existence  to 
cause  a  sufficient  number  to  enter  the  field,  or  subject  those 
few  that  were  already  there  to  good  order.  The  general 
often  told  them  of  the  evils  that  has  already  (befallen) 
them,  if  that  campaign  miscarried. 

"One  place  of  general  rendezvous  was  Wheeling,  where 
the  general  expected  to  be  joined  with  a  thousand  militia 
from  the  counties  over  the  mountains;  out  of  which  two 
hundred  and  fifty  only  joined,  and  the  half  of  them  de- 
serted, after  drawing  a  quantity  of  arms,  blankets,  leggins, 
shirts,  etc.,  etc.;  the  greatest  part  of  those  (who)  did  not 
desert  threatened  mutiny  for  several  days. 

"Nor  was  this  all  of  the  general's  disappointment.  There 
was  a  certain  quota  of  men  to  be  sent  him  from  the  counties 
of  Berkeley,  Frederick  and  Hampshire,  of  which  he  never 
received  one. 

"I  know  the  general  is  much  censured  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Fort  Pitt  for  the  loss  of  Colonel  Laugherry's 
party,  for  whom  he  waited  five  days  at  Wheeling;  disap- 
pointments being  so  frequent,  he  lost  all  hopes  of  his 
coming,  and  moved  down  the  river.  The  colonel,  coming 
to  Wheeling  the  next  day,  sent  a  boat  after,  with  a  letter 
to  the  general  that  he  would  be  glad  if  he  would  wait  for 


COLONEL  JOSEPH  CROCKETT  S  LETTER.  733 


him,  as  he  had  one  hundred  and  thirty  men  without  pro- 
visions. 


(c 


The  general  sent  a  small  boat  with  ten  kegs  of  flour, 
and  wrote  the  colonel  he  would  leave  boats  enough  at  a 
certain  island,  under  a  small  guard,  for  the  reception  of  his 
men,  with  a  quantitv  of  flour,  ammunition,  etc.;  to  prevent 
desertion,  he  would  move  slowl}-  down  the  river.  The 
unhappy  colonel,  without  proper  caution,  landed  his  men  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Miami,  at  which  place  was  a  large  num- 
ber of  Indians,  who  destro3ed  the  whole  of  the  colonel's 
part)'." 

*Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  3,  p.  358. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

BAD  CONDITION  OF  AMERICAN  AFFAIRS  IN  KENTUCKY  AND 

THE   ILLINOIS. 

Memorial  of  the  people  ofVincenncs — Letter  of  Captain  Bailey,  commandant 
of  the  post  there — Colonel  John  Flo^'d  writes  of  the  situation  in  Kentucky — 
Colonel  Floyd  killed  by  Indians — Colonel  Slaughter  and  others  write  gloomily 
of  the  situation — Clark  immediately  engages  in  putting  matters  into  better 
shape — Ascertains  strength  of  the  Kentuck3'  militia — Builds  Fort  Nelson — 
Suggests  to  the  governor  of  Virginia  a  system  of  armed  boats  on  the  Ohio 
— Uses  a  gun-boat  between  the  falls  and  the  Licking — Indian  depredations 
continue — Disastrous  battle  of  Blue  Licks  in  August,  17S2 — Rising  of  the 
people  to  carry  the  war  into  the  enemy's  countr}' — General  Clark  marches, 
at  the  head  of  a  thousand  men,  against  the  Indian  towns  on  the  Little  Miami 
and  destroys  them — Indians  amazed  at  unexpected  development  of  the  strength 
of  the  Americans  and  never  afterwards  invade  Kentucky  in  force — An  appro- 
priate ending  of  the  successful  part  of  General  Clark's  military  career. 

ENERiVL  CLARK  arrived  at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio 
with  his  forces  the  latter  part  of  August,  1781. 
Things  had  gone  on  badlv  during  his  long  absence,  both 
in  Kentucky  and  the  Illinois  country.  There  was  trouble 
in  both.  Colonel  Todd,  the  civil  governor,  returned  to 
Kentuck}',  leaving  the  Illinois  country  to  the  management 
of  his  lieutenant,  Winston,  with  positive  instructions  to 
avoid  coming  in  conflict  with  the  military  authorities.  This 
was  advice  thrown  awa}-,  as  disagreements,  under  the  cir- 
cumstances, were  unavoidable.  The  military  oflicers  had 
no  money  with  which  to  purchase  army  supplies  but  the 

(735) 


736  TROURI.es  ox  the  WABASH. 

worthless  continental  paper,  which  the  inhabitants  refused 
to  receive,  and  consequently  provisions  and  other  requisite 
things  were  sometimes  of  necessity  taken  without  compen- 
sation and  b}'  force.  This,  of  course,  produced  not  only 
bad  feeling,  but  conflicts  of  authority.  Finally  Winston 
boldly  charged  soine  of  the  leading  military  officers  with 
dishonest}'  and  crime,  and  in  turn  was  imprisoned  by  them. 

He  left  a  \\'ritten  memorandum  of  this  indignity  offered 
the  civil  authority,  represented  in  his  person,  in  which  he 
records,  in  verj-  bad  English,  that  on  the  29th  of  April, 
1782,  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning,  he  was  taken  out  of 
his  house  "by  t3'Tannic  military  force  without  making  any 
legal  application  to  the  civil  magistrates."  He  says  it  was 
done  "by  Israel  Dodge,  on  an  order  given  by  John  Dodge, 
in  despite  of  the  civil  authorit3^"  and  ''on  the  malicious 
accusation  of  Jaines  Williams  and  ]Michael  Pevante."  * 

Todd  had  instructed  Winston  that  "during  my  absence 
the  command  will  devolve  upon  5'ou  as  commander  of 
Kaskaskia — if  Colonel  Clark  should  want  anything  more 
for  his  expedition,  consult  the  members  of  the  court  upon 
the  best  mode  of  proceeding;  if  the  people  will  not  spare 
willinglv,  if  in  their  power,  you  must  press  it,  valuing  the 
propert^•  by  two  men  upon  oath.  Let  the  military  have 
no  pretext  for  forcing  property.  When  you  order  it,  and 
the  people  will  not  find  it,  then  it  will  be  time  for  them  to 
interfere.  By  all  means  keep  up  a  good  understanding 
with  Colonel  Clark,  and  the  officers.  If  this  is  not  the 
case,  you  will  be  unhappy." 

*Early  Chicago  and  Illinois,  p.  289. 


CONFLICT  BETWEKN  CI\'1L  AND  MILITARY  OFFICERS.       737 


That  he  disregarded  Todd's  instructions  is  not  unHkely, 
but  whether  he  did  or  not  it  is  quite  certain  that  he  became 
"unhapp}'."" 

What  the  outcome  was  of  this  imprisonment  of  the  highest 
civil  magistrate  then  in  that  part  of  the  country,  "by  tyran- 
nic military  force,''  he  does  not  record;  but,  whatever  it 
was,  it  doubtless  increased  the  bad  feeling  already  existing 
between  the  ^Vmerican  troops  and  the  people.  It  had  been 
growing  ever  since  Clark  left  \^incennes,  and  even  before. 

There  was  now  much  dissatisfaction  and  trouble  at  Vin- 
cennes,  and  on  the  30th  of  June,  17H1,  the  principal  inhab- 
itants set  forth  their  grievances  in  the  following  memorial 
to  the  governor  of  Virginia:  "The  undersigned  have  the 
honor  to  present  to  Your  Excellency  the  very  serious  griev- 
ances to  which  they  have  been  exposed,  since  the  arrival  of 
Virginia  troops  in  this  country,  and  especially  since  Captain 
(Colonel)  Clark  left  this  town  have  we  experienced  most 
horrible  treatment  from  a  people  who  professed  to  be 
friends,  and  who  were  generously  received  as  such.  But 
things  have  totally  changed  since  the  departure  of  that  of- 
ficer. He  left  in  command  Colonel  Montgomery,  who, 
with  his  officers,  have  failed  to  carry  out  his  friendly  policy. 
We  have  with  promptitude  furnished  provisions  and  goods 
as  far  as  was  in  our  power.  Colonel  Clark  drew  bills  on 
the  treasurer  of  Virginia,  which  remain  unpaid. 

"The  accredited  officers  of  finance  and  others  have  as- 
sured us  that  continental  money  was  of  equal  value  with 
coin,  and  we  accepted  the  same  in  good  faith.  When  the 
Virginians  gave  us  cause  to  be  supicious  of  their  money. 


738  MEMORIAL  OF  INHABITANTS  OF  VINCENNES. 


we  remonstrated  with  Colonel  Clark  and  the  officers  of  the 
garrison,  who,  notwithstanding  this  fact,  claimed  for  this 
money  its  value  in  Spanish  coin.  Mr.  John  Todd,  in  ac- 
cord with  Captain  Leonard  Flelm,  commanding  the  fort  at 
this  town,  has  required  by  public  order  that  this  money  be 
received  as  of  equal  value  with  specie,  threatening  punish- 
ment of  all  who  refused  it.  As  soon  as  we  had  furnished 
provisions  and  goods  for  this  money,  the  Virginians  ap- 
peared to  think  they  could  take  by  force  our  property,  our 
supplies,  and  even  the  little  we  had  res'erved  to  keep  our- 
selves alive. 

"Your  Excellency  must  also  be  informed  that,  in  addi- 
tion to  these  annoyances,  they  have  perpetuated  others  of 
a  more  serious  character,  by  killing  our  cattle  in  the  fields 
and  our  hogs  in  our  j/ards,  taking  our  flour  from  the  mills 
and  the  corn  in  our  garners,  with  arms  in  their  hands, 
threatening  all  who  should  resist  them,  and  the  destruction 
of  the  fort  we  built  at  our  own  cost.  When  they  left  the 
town  they  carried  off  the  artiller}?,  powder  and  balls,  there- 
by depriving  us  of  the  only  means  of  defending  ourselves 
against  the  fury  of  the  savages,  whom  they  have  excited 
against  us.  This  you  perceive  is  the  conduct  Virginians 
have  pursued  in  this  country.  Your  Excellency  may  be 
assured  this  is  the  exact  truth,  and  Mr.  Vaucheres  is 
charged  with  the  duty  of  representing  the  matter  to  Your 
Excellency,  of  demanding  the  satisfaction  due  to  us  as 
citizens  and  friends  of  the  states,  and  to  make  adequate 
return  for  the  money  we  have  received  as  of  the  value  of 
specie.  We  beseech  Your  Excellency  to  require  the  troops 
to  put  an  end   to   the  troubles  they  continue  to  produce. 


MEMORIAL  OF  INHABITANTS  OF  VINCENNES. 


739 


^^"e  are  unwilling  longer  to  submit  to  the  exactions  inci- 
dent to  their  lawless  proceedings,  it  being  apparent  to  His 
Excellency  that  the  Virginians  have  entirely  ruined  us 
alread}-. 

"If  it  be  thus  ^'ou  treat  your  friends,  pray  what  have  you 
in  reserve  for  jour  enemies?  We  must  insist  that  Your 
Excellency  put  a  stop  to  our  misfortunes,  and  render  us 
the  justice  our  patience  deserves. 

''.Vssuring  you  of  our  profound  respect,  we  have  the 
honor  to  be,  etc.'' 

This  memorial  was  signed  by  the  principal  citizens  of 
\'incennes  of  French  descent,  and  there  was  scarcely  any 
other  kind  there  at  that  period.  Fac-similes  of  the  signa- 
tures of  two  of  them,  F.  Bosseron  and  J.  ^I.  P.  Legrace, 
have  already  been  given,  and  they  had  both  rendered  im- 
portant services  to  the  American  cause,  as  has  alreadj' been 

shown.  An- 
other signer 
w  a  s  Philli- 
bert,  a  man 

of  affairs  who  for  a  long  period,  in  the  absence  of  a  regu- 
lar Catholic  priest,  performed  some  of  the  functions  of  that 
office.  Then  there 
was  Pierre  Gam- 
elin,  whose  fam- 
il}',  for  at  least  a 
generation  after- 
wards, was  distinguished  in  the  history  of  that  locality.  He 
was  one  of  the  men  appointed  by  Colonel  John  Todd  to 


74° 


THE  EARLY   JUDGES  AT  VINCENNES. 


act  as  judges  in  the  Illi- 
nois countiy.  Bosseron, 
Legrace  and  L.  E.  Deline, 
who  was  a  signer  of  the 
memorial,  were  also 
judges  of  this  court.  One 
of  the  judges  of  the  court, 
Pierre  Queres,  did  not  sign  the  memorial,  and  perhaps  for 
good  reason,  as  he  seems  to  have  signed  other  papers  only 
by  making  his  mark.  Additional  signatures  to  the  memo- 
rial were  Pierre  Guerin,  P.  INIallet,  Jean  Batiste  Vallaite, 
Pierre  Cournoyer,  Dagenet,  Ja.  Barois,  Godefroy  Linetot, 
]Major  P.  Barron,  Israel  Ruland,  Moses  Plenry  and  Gabriel 
Legrand.  Ru- 
land and  Henry  '^ — ^r 
were  presumably 
not  of  French  de- 


scent. Legrand 
was  an  impor- 
tant appendage 
of  the  court,  be- 
ing both  sheriff  and  clerk.  He  had  been  a  notary  from 
1776  to  1778,  and  Winthrop  Sargent,  acting  governor  of 
the  Northwest  Territory,  July  31,  1790,  wrote  General 
AVashington  in  relation  to  land  claims  about  Vincennes, 
saving  of  Legrand's  books  and  papers  that  "the  records 
have  been  so  falsified,  and  there  is  such  gross  fraud  and 
forger)?,  as  to  invalidate  all  evidence  and  information  which 
I  might  otherwise   have  acquired  from  the  papers."*     It 

*Lavvs  Colonial  Vincennes,  p.  io8. 


QUEER  PROCEEDINGS  OF  A  PIONEER  COURT.  74 1 


will  be  observed,  however,  that  while  the  inference  is  some- 
what pointed  he  dt)es  not  attribute  the  frauds  and  forgeries 
to  Legrand  personall}'  in  direct  language.  The  court  here 
referred  to  was  the  first  held  within  the  limits  of  what  is 
now  the  state  of  Indiana  after  the  conquest  of  the  country 
from  the  British,  and  fac-similes  are  given  in  this  ^^•ork  of 
the  signatures  of  the  clerk  and  all  the  judges,  except  the 
one  who  does  not  seem  to  have  written  his  name.  It  is 
presumed  without  evidence  to  the  contrary  that  this  court 
in  a  general  ^va^'  dispensed  justice  in  a  simple,  informal, 
but  substantial  manner,  so  as  to  satisfy  the  pioneer  com- 
munity of  that  day,  but  the  judges  assumed  the  right  to 
grant  public  lands,  and  exercised  it  to  their  own  advantage 
in  a  way  entirelv  unjustifiable.  This  can  not  be  better  ex- 
plained than  it  was  by  Judge  Law,  who  lived  and  died  at 
Vincennes,  and  possessed  the  best  opportunit}- for  procuring 
accurate  information.  In  his  Colonial  \"incennes  he  says: 
"Todd  (then  governor  of  the  Illinois  and  Wabash  coun- 
trv)  went  to  Kaskaskia  in  1779,  where  he  issued  his  proc- 
lamation descriptive  of  the  fertility  and  beauty  of  the 
'\'^alley  of  the  Wabash,'  and  strongly  intimating  that  'au- 
thority was  meant  to  be  implied' — if  not  expressly  given — - 
to  the  governor,  b^•  Virginia,  to  make  grants  of  land.  That 
the  executive  authority  under  Virginia  in  the  north\\'estern 
territory  had  the  same  right  to  make  concessions  of  land 
as  was  claimed  by  the  French  and  British  commandants. 
JMr.  Le  Gras,  his  substitute  at  the  'post,'  seems  to  have 
had  fewer  scruples  upon  the  subject  of  the  right  than  his 
superior,  Governor  Todd.  Not  only  did  he  exercise  the 
power  of  disposing  of  the  public  domain,  but  he  delegated 


74^  QUEER  PROCEEDINGS  OF  A  PIONEER  COURT. 


it  to  the  county  court,  composed  of  four  judges,  organized 
under  the  act  of  Virginia,  and  who  held  their  sessions  at 
A^incennes.  They  did  a  wholesale  business  in  the  way  of 
disposing  of  the  domain — not  only  to  others,  but  to  them- 
selyes — not  only  by  the  'arpent,'  but  by  'leagues.'  The 
wa}-  it  is  stated  to  have  been  done  is  this:  Three  of  the 
four  judges  were  left  on  the  bench,  while  one  i-etired.  The 
court  then  made  a  grant  of  so  many  'leagues'  of  land  to 
their  absent  colleague,  which  was  entered  of  record.  He 
returned  as  soon  as  the  grant  was  recorded,  and  another  of 
these  'ermined'  gentlemen  left  the  bench  while  the  chief 
justice  and  the  other  judges  made  a  similar  grant  to  their 
absent  friend.  After  the  grant  was  made  and  duly  re- 
corded, he  returned,  the  third  departed,  and  a  similar  record 
was  made  for  his  benefit;  and  so  with  the  fourth.  In  this 
wholesale  transfer  of  the  public  land,  if  continued,  Vir- 
ginia would  have  had  but  a  small  donation  to  make  her 
sister  states  of  the  confederacy,  when  she  gave  up  the  em- 
pire she  held  in  the  northwestern  territory  'for  the  common 
benefit.'  Governor  Sargent  coinplains  of  their  wholesale 
plunder  of  the  public  domain,  in  his  letter  to  General 
Washington  in  1790,  and  among  the  documents  accom- 
panying that  letter  is  the  answer  of  the  judges  to  his 
inquiry,  'by  what  right  these  concessions  were  made,'  and 
is  as  follows: 

"  '  7b  the  Honorable  JVinthrop  Sargent,  Esquire,  Secre- 
tary  in  and  for  the   Territory  of  the  United  States 
North-vest  of  the  River   Ohio,   and  Vested  -with  all 
PoTjers  of  Governor  and  Coinniander-in-Chief: 
"  'Sir — As  you   haye  given   orders  to  the   magistrates 
who  formerly  composed  the  court  of  the  district  of  Vin- 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE   JUDGES.  743 


cennes,  under  the  jurisdiction  of  A^irginia,  to  give  you  their 
reasons  for  having  taken  upon  them  to  grant  concessions 
for  the  lands  within  the  district,  in  obedience  thereto,  we 
beg  leave  to  inform  you  that  their  principal  reason  is,  that 
since  the  establishment  of  the  country  the  commandants 
have  alwa3's  appeared  to  be  vested  with  powers  to  give 
land.  Their  founder,  ]Mr.  \'incennes,  befiran  to  give  con- 
cessions,  and  all  his  successors  have  given  lands  and  lots. 
INIr.  Le  Gras  was  appointed  commandant  of  'Post  Vin- 
cennes'  by  the  lieutenant  of  the  count}'  and  commander- 
in-chief,  John  Todd,  who  was  in  the  year  1779  sent  by  the 
state  of  Virginia  for  to  regulate  the  govcrniiieiit  of  the  coun- 
try^ and  who  substituted  Mr.  Le  Gras  with  his  power.  In 
his  absence  ]Mr.  Le  Gras,  who  was  then  commandant,  as- 
sumed that  he  had  in  quality  of  commandant  authority  to 
ffive  lands  according-  to  the  ancient  usages  of  other  com- 
manders,  and  he  verbally  informed  the  court  of  'Post  Vin- 
cennes,'  that  when  they  would  judge  it  proper  to  give  lands 
or  lots  to  those  who  should  come  into  the  country  to  set- 
tle, or  otherwise,  they  might  do  it,  and  that  he  gave  them 
permission  so  to  do.  These  are  the  reasons  that  we  acted 
on,  and,  if  we  have  done  more  than  we  ought,  it  was  on 
account  of  the  little  knowledge  which  we  had  of  public 
affairs.  (Signed) 

"  'F.    BOSSERON. 

"  'L.  E.  Deline. 
"  'Pierre  Gamelin. 
"  'Pierre  Querez,  his  x  mark. 
"  'Post  Vincennes,  July  3,  1790.' 


744  ^  CURIOUS  LAND  GRj\NT. 


"The  following  is  a  translation  of  one  of  these  grants 
issued  by  '  Legrand,  GrefEer  de  la  Cour'  to  Henry  Coop- 
rider,  but  is  written  'Coupraiter'  by  the  clerk: 

"  'The  court,  knowing  the  power  given  to  them  by  "Sig- 
ner John  Todd,  colonel  and  civil  grand  justice  of  the 
United  States,"  after  having  examined  and  duly  deliberated 
on  the  absolute  necessity,  not  only  to  the  "city  of  Vin- 
cennes"  but  to  the  whole  country,  that  the  lands  here- 
abouts should  be  settled,  for  the  supply  and  commerce  of 
the  "countv  of  Illinois  and  Vincennes,"  and  seeing  the  pfreat 
quantity  of  land  uncultivated,  which  has  never  been  settled 
nor  granted  to  any  one,  the  court,  by  viitue  of  the  powers 
given  to  them,  the  Signor  Le  Gras,  colonel  commandant, 
and  president  of  said  court,  has  responded  favorably  to  the 
written  request  of  "Henry  Coupraiter"  and  directed  me, 
"Gabriel  LeGrand,  clerk  of  the  court,"  to  grant  and  accord 
to  said  Coupraiter  four  hundred  arpents  of  land,  bounded, 
etc.  He,  the  said  Henry  Coupraiter,  submitting  to  all 
regulations  made  between  ?l  -potentate  and  subject.''  " 

These  grants  occasioned  a  good  deal  of  trouble  and  loss 
to  purchasers,  but  the  claims  were  sold  and  traded  at  merely 
nominal  rates  and  were  never  confirmed  by  the  government. 

The  sentiments  expressed  by  the  judges  and  other  signers 
of  the  memorial  to  the  governor  of  Virginia  were  doubtless 
the  general  sentiment  of  the  community,  and  it  can  not  but 
be  admitted  that  there  was  just  ground  for  their  complaint. 

The  before-mentioned  Colonel  Legrace  wrote  the  gov- 
ernor of  Virginia,  May  22,  1780,  that 

"The  inhabitants  of  St.  Vincennes  and  the  country  of 
the  Illinois,  ignorant  of  the  act  of  congress,  have  sold  their 


COLONEL  LEGRAOE's  LETTER  OE  COMPLAINT.     745 


harvest  to  the  army  of  Colonel  Roger  Clark,  and  have  re- 
ceived in  payment  piastres  of  the  continent,  *  upon  the 
footing  and  for  the  value  of  the  Spanish  piastres. f  Persons 
in  authority  (by  your  orders)  ha^•e  circulated  them  as  such, 
and  have  assured  us  authentically  that  there  would  be 
nothing  lost.  They  have  even  passed  counterfeits.  In  the 
position  of  magistrate  of  this  district  my  dut}'  and  benevo- 
lence prompt  me  to  beg  30U  to  take  pity  upon  a  people 
who,  by  this  loss,  find  themselves  reduced  to  the  most 
urgent  necessities.  In  addition  to  this,  there  has  been  pub- 
lished at  St.  Vincennes  an  order,  by  command  of  Colonel 
Jean  Todd,  to  oblige  the  residents  to  receive  this  mone}'  as 
Spanish  piastres,  and  many  have  been  imprisoned  for  hav- 
ing refused.  Some  time  later  the  before-mentioned  Colonel 
John  Todd  required  me,  as  it  appears  from  his  letter,  to 
stop  the  circulation,  in  view  of  the  quantity  of  counterfeit 
orders  that  many  are  circulating,  which  I  have  done,  to 
avoid  confusion,  without  lessening  (or  preventing)  the 
value  of  the  goods.  Earnest^  hoping  that  the  states  will 
pay  this  money  according  to  the  denomination,  I  have  the 
honor,  etc."  J 

That  the  native  inhabitants  of  the  Wabash  and  Illinois 
country  were  mistreated  there  can  be  no  question.  They 
were  not  only  neglected  by  the  government,  but  positively 
imposed  upon  in  many  ways.  The  complaints  made  about 
worthless  paper  money  being  forced  upon  them  was  strictly 
true.      It  was  not  only  forced  by  the  army  officers,  but  by 

*That  is  continental  paper  money. 

t  Coin. 

t  Foot  note  Early  Chicago  and  Illinois,  p.  328. 


746  VIRGINIA  FINANCIAL  LEGISLATION. 

the  government,  for  in  March,  1781,  Virginia  went  into 
the  forcing  business  generally,  by  passing  a  law  "That  all  the 
paper  bills  of  credit  which  hath  been  emitted  or  shall  here- 
after be  emitted  by  congress,  and  all  bills  of  credit  which 
have  been  heretofore  emitted  by  this  state,  also  all  bills  of 
credit  that  the  governor  with  advice  of  council  hath  been 
empowered  to  emit,  as  well  as  all  such  bills  as  shall  be 
emitted  by  any  act  or  vote  of  this  present  session  of  assembly, 
shall  to  all  intents  and  purposes  be  a  legal  tender  in  dis- 
charge of  all  debts  and  contracts  whatsoever,  except  specific 
contracts,  expressing  the  contrary."  * 

The  value  of  the  paper  thus  made  a  legal  tender  is  shown 
by  another  law  of  the  Virginia  legislature,  also  passed  in 
17S1,  fixing  a  "scale  of  depreciation"  for  it,  as  compared 
with  silver  and  gold,  in  settlement  of  debts  created  at  the 
following  periods:  Close  of  year  1777,  two  and  a  half  for 
one;  close  of  1778,  six  for  one;  close  of  1779,  forty  for  one; 
close  of  1780,  seventy-five  for  one,  and  at  the  close  of  1781, 
one  thousand  for  one;  so  that  at  the  time  of  the  memorial  of 
the  inhabitants  of  Vincennes,  and  of  Colonel  Legrace's 
letter,  "the  piastres  of  the  continent"  forced  on  these  poor 
and  confiding  people,  for  property  taken,  under  the  assur- 
ance they  were  as  good  as  coin,  proved  utterly  worthless, 
and  it  is  no  wonder  that  for  these  and  many  other  wrongs 
they  felt  deeply  aggrieved.  They  had  been  true  friends  of 
the  Americans  when  their  friendship  was  of  vital  importance 
and  had  received  only  neglect  and  injury  in  return. 

On  the  6th  of  August,  Captain  John  Baley,  commandant 
of  the  garrison  at  Vincennes,  wrote  from  that  place  giving 

*Hening's  Statutes,  Vol.  lo,  p.  398. 


CAPTAIN  HALEY  STATES  THE  SI'l'i:  A'llON  .  747 


an  account  of  a  I'ecent  attack  upon  a  part}-  of  iVmericans, 
in  which  quite  a  number  were  killed,  wounded  or  captured, 
and  also  explaining  the  deplorable  conditions  of  affairs. 
"I  am  sorry,''  said  he,  "to  inform  )ou  of  the  followin>;' 
news.  The  boat  commanded  by  Captain  Coulson,  started 
from  this  the  iith  July,  was  defeated  within  seventy-five 
miles  of  the  falls  of  Ohio.  The  captain  was  killed  and  three 
of  his  men;  several  others  wounded;  the  remainder  of  the 
compan\-  came  back  and  gave  me  the  unhapp\'  news.  They 
retreated  to  the  mouth  of  Wabache,  left  the  boat  and  came 
b\'  land,  the  enemy  being  close  in  the  rear  of  them.  Four 
days  ago  I  received  news  from  Detroit  that  they  were  much 
annoyed  by  the  Americans  coming  against  them,  also  that 
they  were  weak — about  one  hundred  men.  Provisions 
scarce  and  dear,  and  goods  plenty.  The  Indians  greatly 
exasperated  against  them  not  meeting  with  the  treatment 
as  they  had  formerly  done. 

''Sir,  I  must  inform  you  once  more  that  I  can  not  keep 
garrison  any  longer,  without  some  speedy  relief  from  you. 
~Sly  men  have  been  fifteen  days  upon  half  allowance;  there 
is  plenty  of  provisions  here  but  no  credit.  I  can  not  press, 
being  the  weakest  party.  Some  of  the  gentlemen  would 
help  us,  but  their  credit  is  as  bad  as  ours,  therefore,  if  you 
have  not  provisions,  send  us  whisky,  which  will  answer  as 
good  an  end.  I  hope  if  my  express  gets  in  you  will  not 
detain  him.  Pray  use  the  Indian  well,  having  no  other  to 
send.  I  expect  his  return  in  twelve  days  from  the  date, 
and  for  some  one  man  to  come  with  him  to  this  post.  It 
appears  that  the  communications  is  to  stop  between  Canada 
48 


74S  THE  PEOPLE  HA\E  COXFIDEN'CE  IN  CLARK. 


and  Detroit,  from  the  commencement  of  this  year,  by  ac- 
counts from  thence."  * 

It  is  certainly  creditable  to  General  Clark's  course  and 
management  that  during  the  time  he  was  in  the  Illinois 
and  Wabash  country  no  such  unfortunate  state  of  affairs 
existed  as  described  in  these  letters.  He  always  arranged 
to  take  care  of  his  soldiers  without  offending-  or  coming- 
in  conflict  with  the  inhabitants.  As  already  stated,  the 
principal  cause  of  the  troubles  referred  to  in  these  letters 
grew  out  of  the  militarj'  chest  being  only  provided  with  de- 
preciated, in  fact  worthless,  continental  paper,  which  the 
inhabitants  knew  nothing  about  and  refused  to  take  in  ex- 
change for  supplies  the  troops  were  compelled  to  have,  and 
which  they  therefore,  from  necessity,  were  driven  to  take 
by  force.  Trouble  and  conflict  were,  of  course,  unavoid- 
able under  such  circumstances. 

Trouble  equally  disquieting,  but  of  a  different  character, 
also  existed  on  the  south  side  of  the  Ohio. 

The  settlements  in  Kentuck}'  were  kept  in  a  constant 
state  of  alarm  by  the  Indians,  instigated  by  the  British,  and 
sometimes  led  by  white  men.  Besides,  there  was  a  great 
scarcity  of  provisions,  as  well  as  of  ammunition,  both  being 
indispensable  in  their  isolated  and  unprotected  situation. 
Colonel  John  Floyd  laid  the  condition  of  affairs  in  Kentucky, 
and  especially  in  Jefferson  county,  before  the  governor  of 
\^irginia,  in  April,  by  letter.  He  said:  "We  are  all  obliged 
to  li^'e  in  forts  in  this  countr)-,  and  notwithstanding  all  the 
caution  that  we  use,  forty-seven  of  the  inhabitants  have 
been  killed   and  taken  by  the  savages,  besides  a  number 

*Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  3,  p.  33S. 


CONDITION  OF  Al'FAIRS  IN  KENTUCKY.  749 


wounded  since  January  last.  Amongst  the  last  is  Major 
William  Lynn. 

"Whole  families  are  destroyed  without  regard  to  age  or 
sex.  Infants  are  torn  from  their  mothers'  arms  and  their 
brains  dashed  out  against  trees,  as  they  are  necessaril}' 
moving  from  one  fort  to  another  for  safety  or  convenience. 
Not  a  week  passes  and  some  weeks  scared}-  a  day  without 
some  of  our  distressed  inhabitants  feeling  the  fatal  effects 
of  the  infernal  rage  and  fur)-  of  these  execrable  hell-hounds. 

"Our  garrisons  are  dispersed  over  an  extensive  country, 
and  a  large  proportion  of  the  inhabitants  are  helpless  indigent 
widows  and  orphans,  who  have  lost  their  husbands  and 
fathers  by  savage  hands,  and  left  among  strangers,  without 
the  most  common  necessaries  of  life.  Of  those  who  have 
escaped,  man}'  have  lost  all  their  stock,  and  have  not  any 
land  of  their  own,  nor  wherewithal  to  purchase.  Our 
dependence  to  support  our  families  is  upon  getting  wild 
meat  and  this  is  procured  with  great  difficulty  and  danger; 
and  should  it  fall  to  the  lot  of  some  in  this  county  who  are 
thus  situated  to  serve  as  regular  soldiers  according  to  law, 
their  families  must  inevitably  star\-e. 

"Our  garrison  at  the  falls  is  made  sufficient  to  stand  an 
attack  with  light  cannon,  but  our  numbers  which  will  risk 
themselves  in  it  will  by  no  means  be  sufficient  to  defend  it 
from  an  army  which  we  are  frequentl}'  threatened  with 
from  Detroit.  Our  inhabitants  being  so  dispersed  that  they 
could  not  be  collected  to  any  one  place  in  the  country  in 
less  than  fifteen  days. 

"The  confidence  the  people  here  have  in  General  Clark's 
vigilance;  his  enterprising  spirit  and  other  military  virtues, 


750  co:x)XEr.  john  floyd  s  letter. 


together  with  their  inabihty  to  remove,  have  been  barely 
sufficient  to  keep  this  country  from  being  left  entirely  deso- 
late, ^lajor  Slaughter,  at  the  falls  of  Ohio,  has  about  five 
hundred  pounds  of  powder  and  lead  in  proportion,  which 
is  all  the  public  ammunition  in  this  country;  none  of  that 
delivered  to  Colonel  Bowman  last  winter  having  been 
sent  me,  and  there  is  ver}-  little  in  the  countrj-  of  private 
property. 

"There  is  not  at  this  time,  I  am  informed  and  believe, 
more  than  fifty  thousand  pounds  of  beef  in  this  county, 
Fayette  and  Lincoln;  upwards  of  one  hundred  thousand 
weight  of  that  laid  up  in  this  county  being  entirel}-  rotten 
and  lost.  Corn  is  plenty  in  Lincoln  and  Fayette  but  there 
is  no  flour  in  any  of  these  counties.  The  men  you  order 
for  General  Clark's  expedition  will  be  raised  without  much 
difficulty,  notwithstanding  all  the  disadvantages  the  county 
is  under.  The  canoes  also  shall  be  ready  in  time,  though 
one-fourth  of  the  militia  must  guard  while  they  are  on  hand. 
Salt  may  be  had  here  sufficient  for  an  army  of  two  thousand 
men  six  months  and  perhaps  more."  * 

Little  did  Colonel  Floyd  think  at  the  time  of  writing 
the  foregoing  letter  that  he  would  be  dangerously  wounded, 
a  few  months  later,  by  these  same  Indians,  and  in  two 
^■ears  would  be  in  his  grave  from  injuries  received  at  their 
hands.     Yet  such  was  his  unfortunate  fate. 

'Tn  (September)  1781,  hearing  of  the  disaster  to  the 
settlers  at  'Squire  Boone's  Station  (near  Shelbyville)  while 
removing  for  safety  to  the  stronger  settlements  on  Beargrass, 
Colonel  Floyd  collected  twenty-five  men,  and  with  noble 

*\"irginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  2,  p.  48, 


FIGHT  WITH  TtHi  INDIANS. 


75^ 


promptitude  liurried  to  relieve  the  whites  and  chastise  the 
Indians.  lie  fell  into  an  ambuscade — in  spite  of  the  pre- 
caution of  dividing  his  force,  and  marching  with  great  care 
— and  was  defeated  bj'  a  body  of  two  hundred  Indians, 
losing  half  his  men,  although  but  nine  or  ten  Indians  were 
killed.  While  himself  retreating  on  foot,  closely  pursued 
bv  Indians,  and  much  exhausted.  Captain  Samuel  Wells 
(who  hud  retained  his  horse),  dismounted  and  gave  it  to 
Floyd,  and  ran  by  his  side  to  support  him.  This  magna- 
nimit}'  was  greatl}'  enhanced  because  of  previously  personal 
hostility  between  those  officers — which  was  thus  canceled 
forever;  they  lived  and  died  friends."  * 

In  Jefferson  county,  Kentucky,  on  the  turnpike  road  be- 
tween Middletown  and 
Simpsonsville  stands  the 
monument  here  shown 
which  bears  the  follow- 
ing inscription,  viz.: 

"Erected  by  the  com- 
monwealth of  Kentucky 
^  to  the  memory  of  four- 
teen brave  soldiers  who 
fell  under  Captain  John 
Floyd  in  a  contest  with 
the  Indians  in  1783." 
"On  April    12,    1783, 

Monument  Erected  uy  State  of  Kentucky     Colonel    Floyd    and   his 
To  Fourteen  Soldiers  Who  Fell 

Under  Cai't.  John  Floyd.  brother       Charles,       nOt 

suspecting  any  ambush   or  danger  from  the  Indians — for 

*Colliiis'sj  Kentucky. 


752 


DEATH  OF  COLONEL  JOHN  FLOYD. 


there  had  recently  been  serious  trouble  with  them,  and 
they  were  supposed  to  have  reti^eated  to  a  safe  distance — 
were  riding  together,  some  miles  from  Flo}'d  station,  when 
they  were  fired  upon,  and  the  former  mortally  wounded. 
He  was  dressed  in  his  wedding  coat  of  scarlet  cloth,  and 
was  thus  a  prominent  mark.  Ilis  brother,  abandoning  his 
own  horse,  which 
was  wounded, 
sprang  up  behind 
his  saddle,  and, 
putting  his  arms 
around  the  col- 
onel, took  the 
reins  and  rode  off 
with  the  wounded 
man  to  his  home, 
where  he  died  in 
a  few  hours.  Col. 
Floyd  had  a  remarkable  horse  that  he  usually  road  which 
he  claimed  had  the  singular  instinct  of  knowing  when  In- 
dians were  near,  and  always  gave  to  the  rider  the  sign  of 
their  presence.  He  remarked  to  his  brother  Charles,  "if  I 
had  been  riding  Pompey,  to-day,  this  would  not  have  hap- 
pened. 

Another  writer  describes  the  tei'rible  condition  of  affairs 
along  the  border  lines,  in  1781,  in  these  words  : 

"  The  frontiers  of  this  county  along  the  Ohio  river  is  two 
hundred  and  seventy-seven  miles,  by  computation,  and  the 
inhabitants  greatly  dispersed  and  cooped  up  in  small  forts 


DKATH  OF  COT.ONEL  JOHN  FLOYD. 


*Collins's  Kentucky. 


AFFAIRS  ALONG  THE  HORDER  ONES.  >]  C^T, 


without  any  ammunition.  Eighty-four  of  the  inhabitants 
of  this  county  have  been  killed  and  captured  since  last 
spring,  and  man}-  more  wounded.  We  are  now  so  weak- 
ened in  the  most  exposed  parts  of  the  county,  by  having 
so  man}'  men  killed,  and  others  removing  to  Lincoln  for 
safety,  that  when  an\'  murder  is  done  we  can  not  pursue 
the  enem}'  without  leaving  the  little  garrisons  quite  defense- 
less. The  most  distressed  widows  and  orphans,  perhaps 
in  the  world,  make  up  a  great  part  of  our  inhabitants." 

Three  da\'s  after  the  commandant  of  the  garrison  at  Vin- 
cennes  wrote  the  letter  alread}'  quoted,  stating  that  he  could 
not  hold  that  garrison  longer  without  speed}'  relief.  Colonel 
George  Slaughter  wrote  substantially  the  same  thing  as  to 
the  garrison  at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  where  he  was  in  com- 
mand.     He  said  : 

"The  situation  of  my  little  corps  at  this  place  at  present 
is  truly  deplorable ;  destitute  of  clothing,  victuals  and 
mone}-,  the  commissaries  have  furnished  them  with  little 
or  no  provisions  these  three  months  past,  don't  give  them- 
selves the  least  concern  about  it,  and,  unless  unexpected 
and  immediate  supplies  of  clothing  and  provisions  are  ob- 
tained, I  shall  evacuate  this  post.  We  are  neglected  in 
every  respect — no  dispatches  from  government  or  General 
Clark  for  such  a  length  of  time  that  patience  is  almost  at 
an  end.  In  short,  sir,  the  service  must  be  painful  and  disa- 
greeable to  any  man  of  sensibility."* 

On  General  Clark's  leturn  to  the  west,  he  at  once  de- 
voted himself  to  ascertaining  the  true  condition  of  affairs, 

*  Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  2,  p.  306. 


754       t'OUXClL  OF  MILITARY  OFFICERS  AT  1.0UIS\TLL,E. 


with  a  view  of  bettering  them  as  rapidl)-  as  possible.  But 
it  was  a  difficult  undertaking,  and  required  time  to  secure 
favorable  results.  He  called  the  military  officers  within 
reach  to  meet  him  in  consultation  at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio 
earl}^  in  September,  shortly  after  his  return  to  that  place. 
It  was  found  that  the  militia  strength  of  the  three  counties, 
Jefferson,  Lincoln  and  Fayette,  into  which  Kentucky  was 
then  divided,  amounted  to  only  seven  hundred  and  sixt}' 
men,  but  this  did  not  include  the  regular  soldiers  brought 
down  the  river  by  Clark  or  those  in  the  several  stations. 
The  council  thought  two-thirds  of  the  militia  could  be 
spared  to  go  with  General  Clark  on  an  expedition,  but 
rather  advised  against  its  being  undertaken  just  then, 
deeming  the  establishment  of  garrisons  on  the  Ohio  more 
important. 

The  council  favored  locating  a  strong  fort  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Kentucky  river,  but  General  Clark  thought  the  falls 
of  the  Ohio  a  better  location.  His  preference  prevailed 
and  a  stronger  fort  was  finally  built  on  the  Kentucky  side 
at  that  point  than  had  been  there  before,  and  was  called 
Fort  Nelson,  after  a  governor  of  Virginia.  When  the  people 
who  were  left  on  Corn  island  by  Colonel  Clark  removed 
to  the  main  land  on  the  Kentucky  shore,  in  the  winter  of 
1778-9  and  the  following  spring,  a  small  fort  was  erected 
near  the  mouth  of  Beargrass  creek.  Another  fort  was  erect- 
ed at  the  foot  of  what  is  now  Twelfth  street  in  the  city  of 
Louisville,  and  this  was  the  principal  point  around  which 
the  first  settlements  were  made.  This  fort  was  quite  large 
for  the  period,  being  one  hundred  and  fifty  by  two  hun- 
dred feet,  and  it  continued   in  use  until  Fort  Nelson  was 


FORT   NEl.SON. 


755 


built  in   1 782,  between  Sixth  unci  Eighth  streets,  north  of 
Main. 

Collinses  Histor}'  of  Kentucky  says  that  "Seventh  street 
passed  through  the  foot-gate,  opposite  the  headquarters  of 
General  George  Rogers  Clark.  The  fort  contained  about 
an  acre  of  ground,  and  was  surrounded  by  a  ditch  eight 
feet  deep  and  ten  feet  wide,  intersected  in  the  middle  b\'  a 
row  of  stump  pickets.     This  ditch  was  surmounted  bv  a 

breast-work  of 
log  pens,  filled 
with  earth  ob- 
tained  from 
the  ditch,  with 
pickets  ten  feet 
high  planted 
on  the  top  of 
the  breast- 
work. Next  to  the  river,  pickets  were  deemed  sufficient, 
aided  bv  the  long  slope  of  the  bank.  In  1844,  in  exca- 
vating for  a  cellar,  on  the  north  side  on  Main  street, 
opposite  the  Louisville  Hotel,  the  remains  of  the  timbers 
forming  the  base  of  General  Clark's  block-house  were  dis- 
covered. It  appears  from  this  that  the  south  facade  of 
the  fort  was  on  Main,  extending  from  Sixth  to  Seventh 
streets  as  far  as  the  northeast  corner  of  the  tobacco  ware- 
house— with  its  pickets  extending  eastward,  so  as  to  enclose 
a  never-ending  spring  of  water,  which  may  3'et  be  seen 
about  one  hundred  and  ninety  feet  from  Main  and  a  little 
west  of  Fifth  street;  this  spring  has  been  neglected  for 
many  years  and  fallen  into  disuse."      It  was  probably  the 


FORT    NELSON. 


756  GUN-BOATS  ON  THE  OHIO  PROPOSED. 


only  fort  in  the  far  west,  except  Fort  Chartres,  strong 
enough  to  be  cannon-proof,  and  it  seems  to  have  been 
fairly  well  provided  with  munitions  of  war  for  that  day 
and  that  remote  point.  An  inventory,  quoted  in  "The 
Centenar}'  of  Louisville,""  shows  a  pretty  good  stock  on 
hand  in  1783,  such  as  four  cannon,  eight  swivels,  and  a 
general  assortment  of  shells,  balls,  grape  shot,  and  other 
corresponding  war  material. 

A  long  letter  from  Colonel  John  Todd  to  the  Governor 
of  Virginia,  in  October,  1781,  shows  that  he  and  Colonel 
Ben  Logan  opposed  locating  the  fort  at  the  falls  or  calling 
on  the  militia  to  aid  in  its  construction.  *  It  was  constructed 
under  General  Clark's  auspices,  however,  notwithstanding 
this  opposition,  and  the  result  demonstrated  the  excellence 
of  his  judgment  in  the  matter,  for  it  proved  so  formidable 
that  the  enemy  never  dared  to  attack  it.  There  was  about 
this  time  a  good  deal  of  jealousy  between  the  militia  and 
the  regular  troops. 

General  Clark  wrote  the  governor  of  Virginia  on  the 
7th  of  IMarch,  1782,  pointing  out  the  value  of  armed  boats 
in  preventing  incursions  of  hostile  Indians  on  the  south 
side  of  the  Ohio.  With  a  reasonable  number  of  these, 
properly  manned  and  equipped,  he  thought  there  would 
be  no  apprehension  of  serious  damage  being  done  to  the 
Kentucky  country.  He  represented  that  no  vessel  the 
enemy  could  bring  across  the  portage  from  the  lakes  could 
compete  with  such  boats  as  he  suggested,  and  he  asked  for 
them,  or  means  to  construct  them. 

*Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  2.  p.  t;62. 


THE  KIRST  (;iN-r,()AT  AUOVE  THE  FAU.S.  71^7 


The  followinoj  extract  from  the  war  records  gives  an 
amusing  but  all-sufficient  explanation  of  the  reason  why 
General  Clark  did  not  get  the  boats;  and  it  also  shows  the 
kind  of  difficulties  he  had  to  encounter:  ''War  Office, 
April  22,  1782.  Colonel  Davies  informs  the  executive  that 
Major  Harding  is  willing  to  supply  boats  on  the  Ohio  for 
C  General  Clark  if  the  money  can  be  furnished  to  pay  for 
them.  The  governor  replies  from  the  council  chamber, 
T  am  sorry  to  inform  you  that  we  have  but  four  shillings 
in  the  treasur^•,  and  no  means  of  getting  any  more.'  "* 

Disappointed,  as  he  had  often  been  before,  in  receiving 
the  means  necessar^■  to  execute  desirable  plans,  he  ac- 
quiesced cheerfully,  and  did  the  next  best  thing,  which  was 
to  construct  a  gun-boat  himself,  mounted  with  cannon, 
which  aided  in  keeping  off  the  Indians,  by  patroling  the 
river  from  the  falls  to  where  Cincinnati  is  now  situated. 
This  was  a  novel  achievement  for  that  day,  especially  in 
western  waters,  but  it  rendered  good  service,  bearing  effi- 
cient testimony  as  to  Clark's  fertility  of  resources. 

The  fall,  winter  and  early  spring  passed  without  the  oc- 
currence of  any  event  of  special  interest,  but  in  May,  1782, 
twenty-tive  Indians  attacked  Estill's  station  in  Kentuck^•, 
and  after  killing  one  American  and  taking  another  prisoner 
retired,  but  were  followed  by  about  an  equal  number  of 
white  men.  A  tierce  fight  ensued,  in  which  Captain  Estill 
and  eisfht  of  his  men  were  killed  and  four  wounded.  The 
Indians  lost  about  the  same  number. 

In  the  following  August  several  hundred  Indians,  headed 
by  Simon  Girty  and  other  white  men,  made  an  attack  on 

♦Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  3,  p.  133. 


ib 


s8  INDIANS  IN\ADE  KENTUCKY. 


Biyant's  station,  and  continued  it  for  several  days,  but  only 
succeeded  in  killing  four  men  and  wounding  three,  whereas 
their  own  loss  was  four  or  five  times  that  number.  On  the 
fourth  day  the}-  withdrew  from  the  vicinity.  The  Kentuck- 
ians  speedih'  assembled,  one  hundred  and  eighty-two  in 
number,  under  the  leadership  of  some  of  their  most  promi- 
nent citizens,  and  pursued  the  Indians,  overtaking  them 
near  the  lower  Blue  Licks,  when  a  battle  ensued,  which, 
although  fought  with  great  impetuosity  and  bravery  by  the 
whites,  was  particularly  destructive  to  them — especiall}'  in 
prominent  officers.  Among  the  distinguished  men  killed 
was  Colonel  John  Todd,  the  senior  commanding  officer  on 
the  occasion,  and  the  lieutenant-commandant  of  the  Illinois 
country  as  before  stated.  The  result  was  exceedingly  dis- 
astrous, over  one-third  of  the  whole  command  having  been 
killed,  and  thev  among  the  bravest  of  the  brave.  Among 
the  officers  killed  was  also  Major  Harlan  who  had  served 
with  General  Clark  in  the  Illinois  campaign.* 

The  whole  countrv  was  aroused  to  action  by  this  disas- 
ter, and  General  Clark  at  once  assumed  the  command  of 
the  forces,  now  gathering  in  all  directions,  with  Colonels 
Floyd  and  Logan  to  assist  him.  The  falls  of  the  Ohio 
and  Bryant's  station  were  selected  as  the  places  for  the 
troops  to  meet,  from  which  points  they  moved  forward  as 
mounted  riflemen,  a  thousand  strong,  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Licking,  where  they  remained  some  time  perfecting  their 
organization. 

From  thence  they  marched  early  in  November,  1782, 
against   the   leading   Indian  towns,   on  the   Miami   river, 

*Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  j,  p.  5(12. 


INDIAN  TOWNS  ON   THE  >[1AMI   ]MuSTROYED.  >]  C^g 


north  of  the  Ohio,  but  the  enemy  fied  on  their  approach, 
and  left  them  nothing  to  do  but  destroy  the  vilhxges  and  pro- 
visions, which  they  did  thoroughly  at  Chillicothe,  Pickawa, 
Wilston,  and  other  places.  Ten  Indians  were  killed,  seven 
taken  prisoners,  and  two  white  captives  recovered;  but 
this  was  of  little  consequence,  in  breaking  the  spirit  of  the 
Indians  and  preventing  future  depredations,  in  comparison 
to  the  destruction  of  their  homes  and  their  food  supplies.  It 
was  at  a  season  of  the  'vear  when  such  a  loss  was  particu- 
larh-  distressing,  and  Clark  literally  took  away  or  destroyed 
everything  of  value  in  a  wide  scope  of  country.  Their 
women  and  children  were  left  without  shelter,  or  food,  in 
the  face  of  the  storms  of  winter,  and  this  brought  them  to 
effectualh'  realize  that  the}-  had  nothing  to  gain  by  contin- 
uing the  contest  with  the  Americans. 

"  AVe  surprised  the  principal  Shavvanee  town,"  says 
General  Clark,  "on  the  evening  of  the  loth  (of  Novem- 
ber), immediately  detaching  strong  parties  to  different 
quarters.  In  a  few  hours  two-thirds  of  the  town  was  laid 
in  ashes,  and  everything  they  were  possessed  of  destroyed, 
except  such  articles  as  might  be  useful  to  the  troops.  The 
enemy  had  no  time  to  secrete  any  part  of  their  property 
which  was  in  the  town. 

"■The  British  trading-post  at  the  head  of  the  Miami  and 
carrying-place  to  the  waters  of  the  lake  shared  the  same 
fate,  at  the  hands  of  a  party  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  horse, 
commanded  by  Colonel  Benjamin  Logan.  The  property 
destroyed  was  of  great  amount,  and  the  quantity  of  pro- 
visions burned  surpassed  all  idea  we  had  of  the  Indian 
stores. 


760       ENDS  FORMIDABLE  INDIAN  RjVIDS  ACROSS  THE  OHIO. 

"The  loss  of  the  enemy  was  ten  scalps,  seven  prisoners, 
and  two  whites  retaken.  Ours  was  one  killed  and  one 
wounded.  After  lying  pail  of  four  days  in  their  towns, 
and  finding  all  attempts  to  bring  the  enemy  to  a  general 
action  fruitless,  we  retired,  as  the  season  was  far  advanced 
and  the  weather  threatening."  * 

The  wholesale  destruction  of  the  provisions  and  homes 
of  the  Indians  h\  General  Clark's  forces  on  this  occasion, 
coupled  with  their  display  of  numbers  and  anxiety  to  fight, 
so  soon  after  the  disaster  of  Blue  Licks,  had  great  influ- 
ence in  keeping  the  Indians  quiet  for  a  considerable  time. 

The}'  were  content,  thereafter,  to  remain  on  the  northern 
side  of  the  Ohio,  and  this  expedition  ended  forever  all  for- 
midable Indian  invasions  of  Kentucky.  That  this  desirable 
result  should  follow  and  date  from  a  campaign  conducted 
b^•  George  Rogers  Clark  was  a  fit  ending  of  the  successful 
portion  of  his  military  life,  and  will  ever  stand,  creditably 
linked  with  his  other  notable  achievements. 

*  Clark's  letter  to  governor  of  Virginia,  November  27,  1782. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

ALL  PROSPECT  OF  THE  BRITISH  CONQUERING  THE  COLO- 
NIES TERMINATES   WITH   SURRENDER  OF  CORNWALLIS. 

Negotiations  ended  in  treatj'  of  peace  of  1783 — These  negotiations  called  atten- 
tion more  particularly  to  the  great  benefit  General  Clark's  services  had  been 
to  the  country — lie  had  captured  from  the  enemy  a  vast  territory,  and  being 
in  possession  it  was  included  in  the  boundaries  of  the  new  government — But 
for  this  the  boundary  might  have  been  the  Ohio  river,  or  the  Alleghany 
mountains — Importance  of  the  conquest — Triumph  of  Clark  and  his  sol- 
diers— Seal  of  the  Northwest  Territnrv — Importance  of  that  territor}'. 

sT  is  quite  probable  that  one  reason,  and  perhaps  the 
principal  reason,  why  formidable  expeditions  were 
not  made  against  the  frontier  settlements  after  the  cam- 
paign of  General  Clark  against  the  Indians  in  Noveinber, 
17S2,  referred  to  in  the  last  chapter,  was  because  for  soine 
time  thereafter  they  were  not  instigated,  led  and  supported 
by  the  British. 

All  their  hopes  of  conquering  the  so-called  "rebels'' 
vanished  with  the  capitulation  of  Cornwallis  at  Yorktown, 
Virginia,  on  the  19th  of  October,  1781.  From  that  time 
on  it  was  evident  to  all  thinking  people  that  the  Ameri- 
cans would  be  successful,  and  the  British  authorities  recog- 
nized the,  to  them,  humiliating  fact,  by  signing  provisional 
articles  of  peace  with  the  United  States,  November  30, 
1782,  a  few  weeks  after  this  campaign  of  General  Clark. 

(761) 


762  VALUE  OF  Clark's  services  realized. 


A  cessation  of  hostilities  was  agreed  to  at  Versailles, 
France,  January  20,  1783,  and  a  proclamation  of  the  fact 
was  made  by  congress,  April  nth  of  that  year.  The  for- 
mal and  definitive  treaty  of  peace  was  concluded  at  Paris, 
September  3,  1783,  and  ratified  by  congress  January  14, 
17S4. 

It  was  when  the  terms  of  this  treaty  came  to  be  con- 
sidered, and  the  northern  and  western  boundary  of  the 
United  States  debated,  that  the  general  public  began  more 
fully  to  realize  the  important  services  General  Clark  had 
rendered  the  country.  When  the  boundar}-  was  finally 
established,  it  was  plainly  seen  he  had  provided  the  means 
of  securing  for  the  country  a  territory  which  was,  in  itself, 
an  empire  in  extent  and  material  resources.  But  for  his 
servdces,  and  that  of  the  little  band  of  soldiers  composing 
his  Illinois  regiment,  the  boundary  of  the  United  States 
on  the  northwest  might  have  been  the  crest  of  the  AUe- 
ghenv  inountains,  or  the  southeast  bank  of  the  Ohio  river. 

The  claim  is  not  made  for  General  Clark  that  there 
were  no  other  grounds,  and  no  other  agencies,  favoring 
the  boundaries  as  trnall}-  established,  but  the  paramount 
agenc}',  however,  was  the  fact  that  the  Illinois  and  Wabash 
country  had  been  captured  from  the  British  by  Clark,  held 
in  continuous  possession  thereafter,  and  was  in  actual  pos- 
session at  the  time  the  treaty  was  made;  and  but  for  these 
circumstances  the  territorj?,  in  all  probabilit}',  would  not 
have  been  included  within  the  boundaries  of  the  United 
States. 

The  American  commissioners,  John  Adams,  John  Jay 
and  Benjamin  Franklin,  were  hampered  in  negotiating  the 


UNSATISFACTORY  POSITION  OF  FRANCE  AND  SI'AIN.        763 


terms  of  the  treaty  b}'  an  unwise  restriction  imposed  b}' 
their  own  government,  in  effect  that  they  were  to  under- 
take nothing,  in  the  negotiations  for  peace,  without  the 
knowledge  and  concurrence  of  the  king  of  France,  which 
restriction  they  finally  disregarded,  much  to  the  benefit  of 
the  United  States. 

It  required  no  profound  statesmanship,  or  knowledge  of 
human  nature,  to  understand  that  France  had  been  in- 
fluenced in  joining  in  the  war  quite  as  much,  and  per- 
haps more,  from  interested  motives,  to  humble  and  cripple 
England,  her  ancient  rival  and  enemy,  as  to  build  up  a 
great  republic  in  America.  As  against  England,  both 
France  and  Spain,  from  these  local  and  selfish  considera- 
tions, were  for  the  new  American  governinent,  but  they 
were  for  themselves  first  of  all. 

They  were  both  more  than  willing  to  see  the  boundar^• 
of  the  United  States  contracted  in  the  north  and  west,  and 
hence  the  great  importance  of  the  fact  that  the  Americans, 
as  a  result  of  Clark's  achievements,  were  then  in  actual 
possession  of  the  Illinois  and  Wabash  country.  If  the  in- 
vasion by  Clark  had  not  been  made,  and  the  British  had 
remained  in  actual  possession  during  the  war,  is  it  at  all 
likely  this  territory  would  have  been  gi^'en  to  the  Americans 
by  the  treaty?  The  author  believes,  as  already  foreshad- 
owed, that  it  was  the  well-established  iiti  possidetis — state 
of  actual  present  possession — that  prevailed,  much  more 
than  the  vague  and  shadowv  claims  based  upon  ancient 
charters,  or  anj^  other  pretension. 

The  old  charter  grants  to  the  colonies,  reading   "from 

sea  to  sea,"  were  issued   at  a   time   when    comparative!}' 
49 


764         THE  CONTROLLING  ELEMENT  WAS  POSSESSION. 


nothing  was  known  of  the  wilderness  to  the  north  or  west, 
or  of  the  sea  beyond,  and,  while  technically  England  had 
ceded  proprietary  rights  over  the  whole  country  covered 
by  the  grants,  that  cession  was  not  sufficient  of  itself  to 
be  a  controlling  factor  in  securing  the  boundary,  although 
its  justice  could  not  consistently  be  disputed  by  England. 
If  the  charter  grants  had  a  controlling  influence,  why  did 
the  United  States  boundary  stop  at  the  lakes  and  the 
Mississippi?  Why  did  it  not  extend  from  "sea  to  sea,"  so 
as  to  include  the  same  territory  covered  by  a  literal  con- 
tinuation of  these  pretentious  grants.-^  The  country  was 
never  reduced  bv  the  Americans  to  peaceable  possession 
bevond  the  Ohio,  or  to  any  other  kind  of  possession,  for 
that  matter,  other  than  the  military  occupancy  of  Clark  and 
his  soldiers,  when  they  wrested  the  Illinois  and  Wabash 
countiT  from  the  British  and  held  it,  in  connection  with 
civil  officers  appointed  by  Virginia,  not  so  much  by  char- 
ter rights,  or  any  other  claim,  as  b}'  force  of  arms,  and  so 
continued  to  the  time  of  making  the  treaty  of  peace. 

It  was  enough  to  know  that  the  Spaniards  were  in  pos- 
session of  the  country  west  of  the  Mississippi,  and  the 
Americans  of  the  country  on  the  east,  to  frx  that  part  of 
this  river  as  the  western  boundarj'  of  the  United  States. 
Of  course  every  possible  phase  of  claim  was  presented  and 
urged,  in  the  exhaustive  discussion  which  took  place  be- 
tween the  contracting  parties,  but  a  review  of  the  lengthy 
debate  and  negotiation  is  not  necessary  here  and  does  not 
fall  within  the  scope  of  this  work. 

General  Clark's  possession  of  the  Illinois  and  Wabash 
country  was  not  only  good  as  against  the  British,  but  also 


TREATY   nEiMONSTRA'rE.S  \'A1.UE  OE  C'EAKk's  SER\'K'ES.     765 

ag-ainst  the  Spaniards,  andthere  is  scarcel}- a  doubt  that  the 
latter  would  have  seized  the  French  towns,  and  occupied 
the  territory-,  if  it  had  not  alread}'  been  in  actual  American 
possession.  The  Spaniards  did  make  a  raid,  to  that  end, 
in  the  winter  of  17S0-81,  and  captured  St.  Joseph  on  the 
east  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  but  they  made  no  attempt  to 
hold  the  country.      It  was  a  raid,  and  nothing  more. 

The  result  of  the  treaty  was  a  great  triumph  for  the 
United  States,  not  only  in  securing  independence  and  re- 
taining the  country  held  in  actual  possession  when  the  war 
began,  but  in  retaining  also  the  territory  taken  possession 
of  during  the  war.  It  was  a  yindication  of  the  foresight  of 
Thomas  Jefferson,  who  said,  from  the  beginning,  that 
Clark's  expedition  into  the  Illinois  and  Wabash  country 
"would,  if  successful,  have  an  important  bearing  ultimatel}- 
in  establishing  our  northwestern  boundary;"  and  it  was  by 
his  wise  statesmanship  that  a  vast  territory  west  of  the 
Mississippi  was  subsequently  acquired,  and  its  value  demon- 
strated by  an  exploration  through  the  then  wilderness  to 
the  Pacific  ocean,  conducted,  with  marked  ability,  by  Merri- 
wether  Lewis  and  the  distinguished  William  Clark,  youngest 
brother  of  General  George  Rogers  Clark. 

It  was  especially  a  triumph  for  General  Clark,  although  he 
was  at  that  time  not  en]'o3-ing  any  benefits  from  these  im- 
portant and  far-reaching  achievements,  as  will  presently  be 
shown;  and  it  was  none  the  less  a  great  and  important  tri- 
umph because  it  was  accomplished  with  but  few  men  and 
meagre  resources,  and  without  the  shedding  of  much  blood. 

Measured  by  the  standard  of  great  results,  the  map  of 
the    magnificent  territory,   acquired    mainly    through    his 


766  VALUE  OF  THE  COUNTRY  ACQUIRED. 


agency,  speaks  lovider  in  behalf  of  General  Clark  and  his 
little  arm}',  than  any  words  of  praise.  Without  intending 
the  slightest  disparagement  to  the  other  states,  it  may 
truthfully  be  said  that  to  take  from  the  map  of  the  Amer- 
ican Union  the  states  created  out  of  the  old  Northwest 
Territory  conquered  from  the  British  would  be  to  strike  out 
the  very  heart  of  the  republic.  Without  this  acquisition, 
what  might  have  been  the  destin}-  of  the  great  country  to 
the  south  and  west — between  it  and  the  Pacific  ocean — 
now  forming  so  impoitant  a  part  of  the  United  States 
with  such  inagnificent  prospects  for  the  future  ?  Look  at  the 
vast  proportions  of  the  old  Northwest  Territory.  Compare 
it  with  the  territory  now  embraced  within  the  boundaries 
of  the  original  thirteen  states  or  that  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland  combined,  or  with  France  or  German)'.  Contem- 
plate its  inight}' rivers,  and  its  wonderful  fresh  water  lakes; 
its  genial  climate,  productive  soil,  immense  prairies,  great 
forests  of  valuable  timber;  its  coal,  iron,  copper,  lead, 
building  stone,  minerals,  salt,  oil,  and  natural  gas.  Where 
can  be  found  so  large  a  country  with  so  little  worthless 
land,  or  better  provided  with  all  the  material  elements  of 
prosperit}'?  And  where  may  be  seen  a  country  that  has 
advanced  more  rapidly,  not  onlj-  in  material  prosperity, 
but  in  the  higher  lines  of  an  enlightened,  progressive  and 
refined  civilization.^ 

Such  is  the  country  embraced  within  the  boundaries  of 
the  historic  "Territor)'  of  the  United  States  Northwest  of 
the  River  Ohio,"  acquired  in  the  manner  related  in  these 
volumes,  and  out  of  which  has  sprung  the  great  states  of 


^()S        WISE  PROVISIONS  OF  THE  ORDINANCE  OF   I  787. 


Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  and,  in  part, 
Minnesota. 

In  the  political  organization  of  this  vast  territory  under 
the  ordinance  of  1787  will  be  found  some  of  the  wisest 
provisions  ever  incorporated  in  a  territorial  government,  and 
from  which  has  resulted  great  benefits  to  all  the  people  of 
the  United  States,  and,  to  some  extent,  the  whole  human 
family.  For  example,  the  following  far-reaching  articles 
of  "compact  between  the  original  states  and  the  people 
and  states  of  said  territory"  : 

''Article  I.  No  person,  demeaning  himself  in  a  peace- 
able and  orderly  manner,  shall  ever  be  molested  on  account 
of  his  mode  of  worship  or  religious  sentiments  in  the  said 
territor}'. 

"Art.  2.  The  inhabitants  of  the  said  territory  shall 
alwa3's  be  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  the  writ  of  habeas 
corpus,  and  of  the  trial  by  jury;  of  a  proportionate  repre- 
sentation of  the  people  in  the  legislature,  and  of  judicial 
proceedings  according  to  the  course  of  the  common  law. 
All  persons  shall  be  bailable,  unless  for  capital  offenses, 
\^'here  the  proof  shall  be  evident  or  the  presumption  great. 
All  lines  shall  be  moderate,  and  no  cruel  or  unusual  pun- 
ishment shall  be  inflicted.  No  man  shall  be  deprived  of 
his  liberty  or  property  but  by  the  judgment  of  his  peers, 
or  the  law  of  the  land,  and  should  the  public  exigencies 
make  it  necessary,  for  the  common  preservation,  to  take 
any  person's  property,  or  to  demand  his  particular  services, 
full  compensation  shall  be  made  for  the  same.  And,  in 
the  just  preservation  of  rights  and  property,  it  is  under- 
stood and  declared,  that  no  law  ought  ever  to  be  made,  or 


WISE  PROVISIONS  OF  THE  ORDINANCE  OF   I  787.         769 


have  force  in  the  said  territor}-,  that  shall,  in  any  manner 
whatever,  interfere  with,  or  affect,  private  contracts  or 
engagements,  bona  fide  and  without  fraud,  previously 
formed. 

"Art.  3.  Religion,  morality  and  knowledge,  being 
necessar}'  to  good  government  and  the  happiness  of  man- 
kind, schools  and  the  means  of  education  shall  forever  be 
encouraged.  The  utmost  good  faith  shall  always  be  ob- 
served towards  the  Indians;  their  lands  and  property  shall 
never  be  taken  from  them  without  their  consent;  and  in  their 
property  rights,  and  liberty,  they  never  shall  be  invaded  or 
disturbed,  unless  in  just  and  lawful  wars  authorized  b}' 
congress;  but  laws  founded  in  justice  and  humanit)'  shall 
from  time  to  time  be  made  for  preventing  wrongs  being 
done  to  thein,  and  for  preserving  peace  and  friendship  with 
them. 

"Art.  6.  There  shall  be  neither  slavery  nor  involuntar}' 
servitude  in  the  said  territory,  otherwise  than  in  the  pun- 
ishment of  crimes,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly 
convicted." 

A  history  of  "The  Territory  of  the  United  States  North- 
west of  the  River  Ohio"  does  not  fall  within  the  scope  of 
the  author's  present  volumes,  but  it  may  be  of  some  in- 
terest to  give  here  some  account  of  an  investigation  made 
as  to  the  official  seal  of  the  territory. 

"The  Seal  of  the  Territory  of  the  U.  S.,  N.  W.  of 
THE  River  Ohio." 

Great  difficulty  was  experienced  in  procuring  a  full  and 
clear  impression  of  this  seal.     Various  impressions  were 


SEAL  OF  THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 


found  upon  official  documents,  but  unfortunately  some  part 
was  indistinct  in  all  of  them.  In  this  condition  of  un- 
certainty recourse  was  had  to  the  department  of  state,  at 
A\'ashington,  through  the  kind  intervention  of  President 
Harrison,  and  his  private  secretary,  Mr.  Halford.  The  au- 
thor enclosed  a  sketch  of  the  seal,  as  far  as  he  was  able  to 
decipher  it,  which  was  returned  with  the  following  letter: 

"Department  of  State, 
"Washington,  September  14,  1891. 
"  77ie  Honorable  WUliaiu  H.  English^  Indianapolis^  Ind.  : 

"Sir — At  the  request  of  Mr.  Halford,  whose  letter  of 
the  ist  instant  to  me  is  enclosed,  I  have  pleasure  in  inform- 
ing 5/0U  that  the  seal  of  the  Northwest  Territor}' found  among 
the  papers  of  that  territory  in  this  department  gives  only 
the  following  inscription  in  addition  to  that  read  by  you: 

"  'Jfe/iorem  lapsa  locavit.'' 

"The  words  have  been  inserted  in  your  pencil  sketch  of 
the  seal  herewith  returned. 

"I  am,  sir,  3'our  obedient  servant, 
"William  F.  Wharton,  Acting  Secretary." 

"(Enclosed:  Mr.  Halford  to  Mr.  Wharton,  September 
I,  1891.  Pencil  sketch  of  the  seal  of  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory)." 

A  more  formal  drawing  of  the  seal,  including  the  Latin 
inscription  mentioned  in  Mr.  Wharton's  letter,  was  for- 
warded the  department,  which  elicited  the  following  reply 
on  the  15th  of  October  following:  "Referring  to  3'our 
letter  to  Mr.  Wharton  of  the  30th  ultimo,  I  have  to  re- 
turn herewith  enclosed  the  drawing  of  the  seal  of  the 
Northwest  Territorv  transmitted  b}'  you  and  to  send  you 


SEAT.  OF  THE  NOKTHWE.S'I'  ■rERRITOKY. 


/  / 


an  imperfect  reproduction  of  the  seal  from  which  the  size 
of  the  t)-pe,  the  location  of  the  inscription,  and  the  char- 
acter of  the  lines  can  be  determined,  with  the  exact  size 
of  the  seal.  As  it  is  impossible  to  make  an  exact  repro- 
duction of  the  seal,  I  will  have  sent  you,  as  soon  as  the^• 
can  be  obtained,  photographs  of  different  impressions  of 
the  seal,  which  will  show  the  only  things  omitted  from  ^•our 
drawing,  a  coiled  snake  in  the  foreground  and  two  boats  in 
the  middle  distance.  I  am,  sir,  j'our  obedient  servant, 
''Jonx  II.  Haswele,  Acting  Chief  Clerk.'' 

The  photographs  referred  to  were  subsequentb'  received 
with  a  letter,  which  said:  "In  reply  to  your  letter  of  the 
nth  instant,  I  have  to  enclose  herewith  certain  photographs 
of  the  seal  of  the  Northwest  Territor}-,  which  I  trust  will  be 
of  some  assistance  to  you.  There  is  no  perfect  impression 
of  the  seal  among  the  papers  in  the  department. 

"I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

"Sevellon  a.  Brown,  Chief  Clerk." 

There  were  enclosed  in  this  letter  no  less  than  six  of  these 
photographs  of  seals  on  official  documents,  and  presumably 
the  most  perfect  there,  one  being  that  "affixed  to  the 
journal  for  July,  1790."  In  some  of  the  photographs  the 
seal  was  represented  actual  size,  in  others  enlarged  so  as  to 
better  develop  the  inscription,  the  department  evidently 
rendering  every  possible  assistance  in  securing  a  correct 
impression. 

In  addition  to  the  six  photographs  there  was  enclosed  an 
impression  made  by  rubbing  with  a  pencil,  and  on  this  was 
indorsed  as  follows:  "a  lead  pencil  rubbing  of  the  seal  of 
the  Northwest  Territory  made  from  an  impression  of  the  seal 


77-  SEAL  OF  THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 


on  a  papei-  in  the  department  of  state."  Below  the  im- 
pression was  written:  "Note. — This  shows  both  bounding 
Hnes  of  the  seal  to  be  beaded.  It  will  give  proper  size  of 
type  and  position  of  sun." 

As  this  correspondence  disclosed  that  the  department  had 
possession  of  "the  journal  for  Juty,  1790,"  the  author  in- 
ferred that  the  entire  executive  journal  of  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory was  there,  and  that  an  examination  of  the  earlier 
record  inight  disclose  the  action  designating  what  the  seal 
should  be,  or  for  making  the  die,  and  that  possibly  not  only 
the  order  for  making  it,  but  the  die  itself  might  be  found. 

He,  therefore,  ventured  to  ask  the  department,  as  the  time 

approached  for  this  work  to  go  to  press,  to  make  a  thorough 

search  for  this  information  also,  which  was  promptly  done, 

but  without  success,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following  letter: 

"Department  of  State, 

"Washington,  August  9,  1895. 
^''Honorable    William  H.  English,  President  of  the  In- 
diana Historical  Society,  Indianapolis,  Indiana  : 

"Sir — I  have  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter 
of  the  3d  instant.  In  regard  to  the  seal  of  the  Northwest 
Territory:  The  impression  of  which  you  have  photographs 
is  affixed  to  the  certified  copy  of  the  executive  journal  of 
the  territor}',  sent  at  different  times  and  in  separate  parts 
to  Charles  Thomson,  as  secretary  of  congress,  by  Win- 
throp  Sargent.  Sargent  transmitted  to  Thomson  copies  of 
the  acts  or  proceedings  of  the  legislative  body  of  the  terri- 
tory also,  but  these  do  not  bear  the  impression  of  the  seal. 
After  the  establishment  of  the  Federal  government  such 
documents  were  addressed  to  the  president. 


MEANIN(;   OF  liNSt'RIPTIONS  ON  THE  SEAI.. 


773 


"Concerning  the  order  for  the  seal  or  for  making  the 
die,  the  department  regrets  that  it  can  not  help  you.  Ex- 
amination of  the  journal,  and  of  other  possible  sources  of 
information  on  this  point  does  not  disclose  the  authority 
for  the  seal,  nor  an}-  order  for  making  the  die.  The  earliest 
mention  of  use  of  the  seal  is  in  St.  Clair's  proclamation  of 
July  26,  17N8.  Could  not  INIarietta  college  aid  30U  in  this 
search.?  The  impression  here  is  that  the  seal  must  have 
been  fulh*  discussed  there,  particularly  at  the  time  of  the 
Marietta  centennial. 

"  In  the  course  of  these  examinations  attention  has  been 
drawn  to  certain  manuscripts  relating  to  Indiana's  histor-s', 
and  a  list  is  enclosed  of  such  as  are  at  present  known  to 
exist,  which  may  be  of  service  to  3'ou,  should  the  papers 
enumerated  not  have  been  brought  to  your  notice  before. 
"I  am,  sir,  3'our  obedient  servant, 

"  Alvey  a.  Adee,  .Vcting  Secretar}-." 
Following  this   suggestion   a  letter  of  inquiry  was   ad- 
dressed "The    President    of    Marietta   College,    Marietta, 

Ohio,"  but  no  reply  has  been 
received,  and  no  information 
on  the  subject  was  found  in  the 
official  published  proceedings 
of  the  Marietta  centennial. 

The  impression  of  the  seal 
here  (jiven  is  the  result  of  the 
information  furnished  by  the 
state  department,  as  well  as 
the  author's  careful  investigation  of  every  other  source  of 
information  available,   and  is    believed  to  be  entirely  re- 


774       EXPRESSIVE  MEANING  OF  THE  SEAL  S  INSCRIPTION. 


liable.  Nothing  has  been  found  showing  the  descriptive 
official  record  of  the  seal,  the  order  for  making  the  die,  or 
what  became  of  the  die  itself.  It  is  hoped  that  this  publi- 
cation mav  call  such  attention  to  the  subject  as  will  lead  to 
the  discovery  of  this  additional  information  if  it  be  in  exist- 
ence. 

The  impression  of  this  and  the  other  seals  given  in  the 
frontispiece  of  the  first  volume  of  this  work  are,  of  course, 
fac-si miles,  reduced  in  size,  but  that  of  "The  Seal  of  the 
Territory  of  the  U.  S.,  N.  W.  of  the  River  Ohio,"  on  the 
preceding  page,  is  believed  to  be  an  exact  reproduction, 
in  every  respect,  of  the  original  seal. 

It  is  naturally  difficult  to  place  any  design  in  so  small  a 
compass  that  would  have  great  significance,  but  a  stud)'  of 
this  historic  seal  will  show  that  it  is  far  from  being  destitute 
of  appropriate  and  expressive  meaning.  The  coiled  snake 
in  the  foreground  and  the  boats  in  the  middle  distance;  the 
rising  sun;  the  forest  tree  felled  by  the  ax  and  cut  into 
logs,  succeeded  by,  apparently,  an  apple  tree  laden  with 
fruit;  the  latin  inscription  '■^Meliorein  lapsa  locavit,^''  all 
combine  to  forcibly  express  the  idea  that  a  wild  and  savage 
condition  is  to  be  superseded  by  a  higher  and  better  civil- 
ization. The  wilderness  and  its  dangerous  denizens  of 
reptiles,  Indians  and  wild  beasts,  are  to  disappear  before 
the  ax  and  rifle  of  the  ever-advancing  western  pioneer, 
with  his  fruits,  his  harvests,  his  boats,  his  commerce,  and 
his  restless  and  aggressive  civilization. 

''^ JMeliorem  lapsa  locavitl'''' 

"lie  has  planted  a  better  than  the  fallen." 


HONORS  DUIi  THE  CONQUERORS  OF  THE  NORTHWEST.     775 

And  for  all  he  has  subdued  and  destroyed,  he  has  bet- 
tered humanit}'  beyond  expression  by  what  he  has  sub- 
stituted, for  where  in  the  world's  history  can  be  found 
prog-ress  and  development  surpassing  that  which  has  taken 
place  in  the  country  northwest  of  the  river  Ohio  since  the 
adoption  of  this  seal,  and  what  ma}'  fairly  be  anticipated 
of  it  when  another  like  period  shall  be  numbered  with  the 
past?  In  the  light  of  these  grand  results,  much  is  due  the 
memory  of  the  men  who  so  materiall}'  contributed  to  it  by 
the  reduction  of  the  British  posts  northwest  of  the  Ohio 
river  as  related  in  these  volumes,  and  especially  to  George 
Rogers  Clark,  who  certainly  originated,  planned,  and  exe- 
cuted the  successful  expedition.  That  he  shed  but  little 
blood  in  its  accomplishment,  and  had  but  few  men,  and 
but  meagre  resources,  is  to  his  credit  rather  than  his  dis- 
paragement. 

If  there  be  an}^  inclined  to  think  lightly  of  these  cam- 
paigns which  resulted  in  ''the  Conquest  of  the  Northwest," 
because  few  men  were  engaged  and  few  lives  sacrificed, 
they  should  remember  that  to  win  victories  and  accomplish 
great  results  with  but  little  sacrifice  of  life  shows  the  very 
highest  order  of  abilit}'  and  good  generalship;  and,  as  to 
numbei-s,  that  Xerxes  and  his  army  of  two  and  a  half 
million  Persians  do  not  occupy  as  high  a  place  in  history 
as  the  little  band  of  Greeks  who  fought  for  their  countrv 
at  Thermopylae. 


5 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

CLARK,   RELIEVED   FROM    MILITARY   SERVICE,   RETIRES   DIS- 
APPOINTED  AND   DISTRESSED, 

X'irninia,  exhausted  by  the  war,  failed,  for  a  time,  to  sufficiently  provide  for  Clark's 
troops — He  is  finally  retired  from  service — Letter  of  governor  of  Virginia  to 
Clark — Letter  from  Clark  to  the  governor,  disclosing  his  financial  dislress — 
Asks,  in  vain,  for  a  portion  of  what  is  due  him — Similarity  of  treatment  of 
Clark  and  Vigo — Letter  from  \'igo  to  Clark — Comments  on  the  treatment  of 
Clark — Retires  to  Kentucky  neglected,  disappointed  and  distressed — Injurious 
effect  on  his  health  and  habits — Important  letters  to  his  brother  Jonathan — 
Remains  in  comparative  obscurity  until  made  a  commissioner  in  17S5  to 
treat  with  certain  Indian  tribes — Some  incidents  attending  the  treaty. 

SHE  general  assembly  of  Virginia  proposed  by  act  of 
January  2,  1 78 1 ,  to  cede  to  congress,  for  the  benefit 
of  the  United  States,  all  her  claim  to  lands  northwest  of  the 
Ohio  river  on  certain  conditions.  Congress  did  not  accept 
these  conditions  until  September  13,  1783,  and  the  transfer 
was  not  formally  made  until  ]\larch  i ,  1 784;  still  it  was  pretty 
well  understood  from  the  time  of  the  proposed  cession  at 
the  beginning  of  1781  that  the  transfer  would,  in  some  wav 
or  other,  be  consummated.  From  that  time,  consequently, 
if  not  before,  Virginia  realized  that  she  had  no  special  and 
separate  interest  in  maintaining,  at  her  own  cost  entirely, 
possession  of  the  country  northwest  of  the  Ohio  which  the 
troops  under  Clark  had  conquered.  Whether  this  had 
anj-thing  to  do  with  the  failure  of  Virginia  to  promptly 
furnish  Clark  the  amount  of  money  and  supplies  needed  to 
prosecute  his  later  campaigns  can  not  be  positively  stated. 
50  (779) 


780        CLARK  REQUESTS  TO  BE  RELIEVED  FROM   SERVICE. 

It  probably  was  from  inability  onl}-,  but  it  is  nevertheless 
true  that  there  was  great  neglect  of  the  western  troops  in 
General  Clark's  department,  and  it  is  due  to  the  truth  of 
history  that  the  fact  of  his  want  of  means  and  proper  army 
supplies  should  be  known. 

December  11,  17S1,  Robert  Todd,  a  captain  in  his 
regiinent,  and  acting  paymaster,  and  subsequently  a  brig- 
adier-general in  Wayne's  campaign,  plainly  stated  the 
deplorable  condition  of  affairs  in  a  letter  to  the  governor  of 
Virginia.  lie  said:  ''As  an  officer  in  Clark's  regiment 
and  paymaster  of  late,  it  becomes  a  part  of  my  duty  to 
represent  the  wretched  situation  of  the  few  troops  remain- 
ing westward.  Many  of  them  have  been  in  the  service  for 
two  years  past  and  have  never  received  a  shoe,  stocking  or 
hat,  and  none  of  thein  any  pa}'.  'What  other  clothing  not 
here  mentioned,  received  at  Fort  Jefferson,  are  now  worn 
out.  Their  being  in  this  condition  ma}'  perhaps  be  in  some 
measure  owing  to  bad  economy  in  the  application  of  the 
public  clothing,  which  I  think  would  not  be  improper  to 
inquire  into.  Whatever  dispositions  Your  Excellency 
should  please  to  make,  whether  kept  where  they  are  or  re- 
moved, clothing  will  be  absolutely  necessary.  Without  it, 
no  great  service  can  be  expected  from  them."  * 

The  lack  of  supplies  and  efficient  government  support 
extended  into  1782,  and  from  this,  or  some  other  cause, 
Clark  wrote  a  letter  to  the  governor  asking  to  be  relieved 
from  service  in  that  department.  This  letter  was  evidently 
not  favorably  considered,  if  received,  as  the  request  was  cer- 
tainly not  granted.      Some  supplies  were  furnished  late  in 

*\'irginia  State  Papers,  Vol,  2,  p.  651. 


FAILURE  TO  FURNISH   NECFSSARV  SLU'I'LIES.  7H1 


the  summer,  just  in  time  to  s;ive  the  remnant  of  the  army 
from  desertion,  at  least  so  w^rote  Clark  from  Kentuck}-,  in 
October.  lie  said,  "I  had  the  pleasure  of  receiving  your 
letter  by  Major  Walls  and  Mr.  Karney  the  30th  of  July 
past,  at  which  time  the  gentlemen  arrived  with  the  stores 
all  safe,  surmounting  uncommon  difficulties.  They  just 
arrived  in  time  to  save  what  few  troops  was  remaining,  for 
desertion  was  so  common  and  impossible  to  prevent  that 
I  believe,  in  a  few  weeks  more,  scarcely  an}-  would  have 
been  left.  I  have  endeavored,  as  far  as  in  my  power,  to 
comply  with  the  orders  of  government  that  you  enclosed 
to  me  ( see  the  enclosed) .  I  could  have  wished  to  be  pres- 
ent at  the  meeting  of  the  officers  you  mentioned.  I  have 
received  but  a  faint  information  of  their  report. 

"As  for  dissipation  and  .  .  .  prevailing  in  Colonel 
Slaughter's  corps,  however  agreeable  such  conduct  might 
have  been  to  their  sentiments,  I  believe  they  seldom  had 
the  means  in  their  power,  for  they  were  generally  in  a 
starving  situation.  Colonel  Slaughter  suffering  his  garrison 
to  be  ridiculed  b)'  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  occasioned 
disorder  among  the  whole.  Nothing  would  excuse  him  on 
this  point  but  his  dependence  on  such  a  set  of  people  for 
everything  he  could  get  to  subsist  on."  * 

The  supplies  referred  to  in  the  foregoing  letter  were  soon 
exhausted  and  the  troops  again  in  a  suffering  condition.  In 
the  following  February,  a  meeting  of  officers  was  held  at 
Fort  Nelson  to  consider  the  situation.  "The  officers,  after 
consultation  and  mature  deliberation,  find  that  the  garrison 
in  its   present  situation  is  by  no  means  equal  to  the  impor- 

*Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  3,  p.  347. 


782       COUNCIL  OF  OFFICERS  AT  FORT  N'lil.SON. 


tance  of  the  place;  that  there  is  not  above  one-third  of  the 
men  necessary  for  its  defense,  and  in  a  short  time  the 
unavoidable  casualties  will  reduce  the  number  to  not  more 
than  t\\'enty  or  thirt^'  men;  that  there  is  not  more  than 
three  months'  flour  in  store,  not  one  pound  of  meat,  and  no 
possibilit}'  of  procuring  a  sufBciency  by  the  usual  method  of 
hunting;  that  there  is  not  a  sufficiency  of  lead  to  defend 
the  garrison  twenty-four  hours  in  case  of  an  assault — some 
parts  of  the  fortifications  going  to  wreck,  and  not  men  to 
make  the  necessar-s*  repairs.  Also  that  the  men  appear  to 
be  on  the  verge  of  mutiny?  in  consequence  of  having  served 
so  long  \\'ithout  receiving  pay  and  other  necessaries,  and  no 
prospect  for  an  alteration  for  the  better."  * 

This  narrative  of  the  bad  condition  of  affairs  in  General 
Clark's  department  at  this  period  as  to  army  supplies  is  not 
made  to  reflect  on  the  Virginia  authorities,  for  that  com- 
monwealth had  been  thoroughly  exhausted  by  the  long 
struggle  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  besides,  the  west- 
ern territory  was  far  away,  and  had  drifted  into  a  transi- 
tional and  uncertain  status;  but  the  truth  of  history  requires 
that  the  many  difficulties  he  had  to  encounter  should  be 
fully  stated.  On  one  occasion  —  the  contemplated  ex- 
pedition against  Detroit — it  was  his  misfortune  to  have 
means,  without  sufficient  men;  but  generally  his  great  need 
was  current  money  and  army  supplies. 

General  Clark,  who  had  so  materially  contributed  to  the 
acquisition  of  the  vast  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio  river, 
was  a  Virginia  officer  onlv,  and,  unfortunately,  held  no 
position  in  the  organization  created  by  congress,  known  as 

'Virginia  State  Papers,  \'ol.  3,  p.  437. 


CKNEKAI.  CLARK   REI.l  LXKI)    FROM    SlCKMfE.  783 


the  Continental  Arni\'.  It  was  also  evident,  after  the  cap- 
ture of  Cornwallis,  October  19,  17S1,  that  the  war  with 
Eng'land  was  virtually  ended,  as  it  was  soon  in  fact,  for 
hostilities  were  suspended  the  next  vear,  and  treaty  of  peace 
signed  a  year  later. 

Under  these  circumstances,  and  with  her  resources  entirely 
exhausted,  the  executive  of  Mrginia  determined  to  reduce 
her  separate  military  organizations,  and,  accordinglv,  Gen- 
eral  Clark  was   relieved   of   his   command,  July  2,  1783. 

The  disagreeable  duty 
/^e.'^^t^    /y>«<?*'^''Z<^<:;'-^w       of    informing   General 

Clark  of  this  action  de- 
volved on  Benjamin  Harrison,  then  governor  of  \^irginia, 
which  he  did  in  these  words:  "The  conclusion  of  the 
war,  and  the  distressed  situation  of  the  state,  with  respect 
to  its  finances,  call  on  us  to  adopt  the  most  prudent 
economy.  It  is  for  this  reason  alone  I  ha^'e  come  to  a 
determination  to  give  over  all  thoughts  for  the  present  of 
carrying  an  offensive  war  against  the  Indians,  but  before  I 
take  leave  of  you,  I  feel  myself  called  upon,  in  the  most 
forcible  manner,  to  return  you  vay  thanks,  and  those  of  mj' 
council,  for  the  very  great  and  singular  services  you  have 
rendered  your  country,  in  wresting  so  great  and  valuable  a 
territory  out  of  the  hands  of  the  British  enemy,  repelling 
the  attacks  of  their  savage  allies,  and  carrying  on  a  success- 
ful war  in  the  heart  of  their  countr}^  This  tribute  of  praise 
and  thanks,  so  justly  due,  I  am  happy  to  communicate  to 
you  as  the  united  voice  of  the  executive."  * 

*  Dillon's  History  of  Indi'ana,  p.  179. 


784  HIS  DISTRESSED  CONDITION. 

This  was  a  sugar-coated  pill,  but  a  very  bitter  one,  no 
doubt,  to  Clark,  in  his  then  distressed  condition.  Nor  was 
it  calculated,  in  the  least,  to  relieve  him  from  the  financial 
embarrassment  from  which  he  was  suffering,  to  say  noth- 
ing of  the  humiliation  of  being  thus  unceremoniously  dis- 
missed from  a  public  service  with  which  he  had  so  long 
and  so  prominently  been  associated. 

At  the  very  time  this  crushing  blow  was  inflicted  by 
Virginia,  upon  her  son,  who  had  won  for  her  a  vast  terri- 
tory, and  for  himself  imperishable  renown,  he  was  in  dire 
distress  for  even  the  common  decencies  and  necessaries  of 
life.  In  1783,  the  exact  time  not  being  known,  "the  con- 
queror of  the  British  forces  at  Kaskaskia  and  at  Vincennes 
made  a  long  and  lonesome  journey,  in  a  condition  of  pov- 
erty, from  the  west,  through  the  wilderness,  to  Richmond, 
Virginia."  On  his  arrival  at  that  place,  in  his  forlorn  and 
pitiable  situation  he  addressed,  on  the  27th  of  May,  the 
following  touching  appeal  to  the  governor  of  Virginia: 

"Sir — Nothing  but  necessity  could  induce  me  to  make 
the  following  request  to  Your  Excellency,  which  is  to  grant 
me  a  small  suin  of  money  on  account;  as  I  can  assure  you, 
sir,  that  I  am  exceedingly  distressed  for  the  want  of  neces- 
sary clothing,  etc.,  and  don't  know  of  any  channel  through 
which  I  could  procure  any  except  of  the  executive.  The 
state,  I  believe,  will  fall  considerably  in  my  debt.  Any 
supplies  which  Your  Excellency  favors  me  with  might  be 
deducted  out  of  my  accounts. 

"I  have  the  honor  to  be  Your  Excellency's  obedient 
servant,  G.   R.   Clark. 

"His  Excellency,  Governor  Harrison."* 

*  Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  3,  p.  487. 


SIMILARITY  IN  THE  NEGLECT  OF  CLARK  AND  VIGO.  785 


And  the  state  did  "fall"  in  his  "debt,"  for  on  an  adjust- 
ment of  his  accounts  over  fifty  years  after  he  was  retired 
from  the  service,  and  some  twenty  years  after  he  was  in  his 
grave,  over  thirt}^  thousand  dollars  were  allowed  the  adminis- 
trator of  his  estate.  This  was  largely  absorbed  in  fees,  and 
the  distribution  of  the  balance  was  made  the  subject  of  long 
litigation  among  the  collateral  heirs,  he  having  neither  wife 
nor  children.  A  small  pension  (four  hundred  dollars  per 
year)  was  granted  him,  at  last,  by  Virginia,  but  this  was 
nearl}'  twenty  3ears  after  his  dismissal  from  her  service, 
and  when  he  was  a  paralyzed  and  helpless  cripple,  and 
only  five  or  six  years  before  his  death. 

The  reader  who  remembers  the  closing  3'ears  of  the  life 
of  Francis  Vigo,  as  already  given  in  these  pages,  his  pov- 
erty by  reason  of  the  neglect  of  government  to  pay  what 
was  justly  due  him,  and  its  payment  long  after  his  death  to 
the  administrator  and  not  to  a  descendant,  can  not  fail  to 
recognize  the  close  resemblance  between  his  case  and  that 
of  General  Clark.  The  greatest  sympathy  and  closest 
friendship  existed  between  these  old  compatriots  until  the 
last  da3's  of  their  lives.  Letters  passed  between  them  when 
both  were  old  and  feeble,  and  Clark,  stricken  with  paralysis, 
was  lingering  upon  the  very  verge  of  the  grave.  A  letter 
is  here  given  from  Clark,  in  reply  to  one  received  from 
Vigo,  which,  as  will  be  seen,  is  sad  and  touching  in  the 
extreme: 

"Locust  Grove,  Near  Louisville, 

"August  I,  181 1. 

"Dear  Sir — A  letter  from  a  man  who  has  always  occu- 
pied a  distinguished  place  in  my  affection  and  esteem  must 


786  TOICHIXG  LETTER  FROM  CLARK  TO  VIGO. 


insure  the  w.-irmest  and  most  cordial  reception — an  affec- 
tion, the  residt  not  so  much  of  being  associates  in  the  placid 
stream  of  tranquillity  and  the  benign  sunshine  of  peace,  as 
companions  amidst  the  din  of  war  and  those  struggles  when 
the  indefatigable  exertion  of  ever}-  muscle  and  nerve  was 
demanded.  But  may  it  be  enough  to  remark,  that  while 
the  one  is  the  effect  of  your  uniformly  discreet  and 
irreproachable  conduct  in  the  intricate  path  of  civil  and 
domestic  life,  the  other  is  wrought  by  a  strong  sense  of 
that  gratitude  due  from  j'our  adopted  country,  having  myself 
both  witnessed  and  experienced  the  signal  advantages 
flowing  to  our  common  country  from  3'our  inestimable  con- 
duct, and  what  is  more  enhancing  to  such  services,  having 
rendered  them  at  a  time  when  the  cloud  on  which  our  fate 
hung  assumed  the  most  menacing  aspect. 

"When  I  contemplate  the  glowing  affection  with  which 
j-our  letter  is  fraught,  and  onl}-  the  revival  of  such  you  in 
past  times,  ah !  better  times,  troublous  as  they  were,  were 
wont  to  evince  for  me,  I  am  so  filled  with  correspondent 
feelings  that  I  am  at  a  loss  for  words  to  express  them. 
How  happ}'  would  I  be  could  these  sentiments  of  entreaty 
to  a  trustful  Providence,  in  the  conclusive  part  of  your  letter, 
for  a  serene  and  happy  evening  be  realized.  But  that 
Providence,  submitting  as  I  do  with  manly  patience  to  his 
decrees,  has  long  since  denied  me  that  boon.  He  has  cut 
asunder  the  life's  tenderest  string. 

"With  sentiments  of  the  warmest  regard,  I  remain, 

"George  R.  Clark."  * 

*This  letter  was  doubtless  dictated  by  Clark,  but  hardly  written  by  him,  as 
he  was  then  paralyzed. 


HIS  DISTRESSED  CONDITION.  787 

For  less  services  than  George  RuLiers  Clark  rendered  his 
country,  men  of  inferior  merit  have  been  ennobled  hv  other 
governments  and  g-ranted  great  pensions  and  vast  estates; 
but  Clark,  a  poor  ^-oung  man  when  he  entered  the  public 
service,  not  only  made  nothing  out  of  his  position,  but  ex- 
pended all  he  had,  and  involved  himself  in  debt,  in  forward- 
ing the  interests  of  his  government,  which  indebtedness 
caused  him  great  trouble  and  loss.  lie  had  not,  in  his  life, 
even  the  half-pay,  or  five  years'  full  pav  in  lieu  of  it,  which 
was  granted  to  all  the  officers  of  the  continental  arm)'.  He 
was  on  the  X^irginia  establishment  only,  and  \'irginia  turned 
hiin  adrift,  poor  and  in  distress,  with  absolutelv  nothing  but 
the  vague  promise  of  a  few  thousand  acres  of  land,  in  the 
future,  out  of  the  almost  innumerable  millions  he  had  con- 
quered. 

From  this  period  of  sore  trouble  and  bitter  disappoint- 
ment aggravated  bv  bodily  pains,  incurred  by  exposure  in 
the  field,  dates  the  use  of  liquor  to  excess  bv  General  Clark. 
As  far  as  the  author's  knowledge  extends  there  is  not  an 
instance  to  be  found  where  he  used  liquor  to  that  extent 
before  this  time;  a  fact  which  should  be  remembered  in 
charitv,  when  considering  the  onlv  weakness  of  this  neg- 
lected old  soldier's  life.  Xor  will  it  be  forgotten  that  the 
habit  of  drinking, ,  in  those  daj's,  was  almost  universal, 
especially  in  the  army. 

General  Clark  made  no  complaint  before  the  public,  but 
that  he  keenly  felt  the  ingratitude  and  neglect  of  his  gov- 
ernment, and  the  injustice  which  had  been  done  him, 
especially  in  the  failure  to  pay  what  was  justl}'  his  due, 
there  can  be  no  question.       lie  confided  his  feelings  more 


freely  to  General  Jonathan  Clark,  his  elder  brother,  than 
to  any  one  else,  and  in  a  letter,  which  he  doubtless  never 
expected  would  meet  anj-  other  than  his  brother's  eve,  he 
said  of  his  claim  against  the  government,  that  "it  is  as  just 
as  the  book  we  swear  bv,''  and  he  proceeded  in  bitter  and 
forcible  language  to  express  what  were  undoubtedly  his 
real  feelings. 

This  important  letter  is  now  before  the  author,  through 
the  kindness  of  Temple  Bodle}-,  Esquire,  a  descendant  of 
General  Jonathan  Clark,  and  is  now  given  to  the  public 
for  the  first  time.  It  is  directed  to  his  brother  at  Spottsyl- 
vania,  Virginia,  the  date  being  Beargrass,  May  ii,  1792, 
and  is  as  follows: 

"  Dear  Brother — Since  my  last  to  you  nothing  uncom- 
mon hath  happened  among  us.  The  Indians  ai'e  spread- 
ing fire  and  the  tomahawk  through  the  frontiers  without 
much  resistance,  and  I  believe  will  continue  to  do  so,  for  I 
see  ver)'  little  probability  of  their  being  opposed  in  force — 
at  least  until  next  fall,  if  then.  From  observations  on  the 
whole  of  their  conduct  for  several  3'ears  past,  as  far  as  I 
could  penetrate  into  it,  I  am,  as  well  as  many  others,  led 
to  believe  that  those  at  the  helm  of  affairs  on  your  side  of 
the  mountains  either  know  nothing  about  the  business  or 
wish  to  prolong  the  war,  except  they  are  deceived  by  their 
servants  on  this  side  of  the  world.  Various  are  the  ideas 
of  the  most  knowing  men  in  Indian  affairs  on  those  points. 
It  is  a  pity  that  the  blood  and  treasure  of  the  people  should 
be  so  lavished,  when  one  campaign,  properly  directed, 
would  put  a  final  end  to  the  war;  and  a  well-directed  line 


LETTERS   WRITTEN  BY  CLARIv  TO   HIS   BROTHER.        789 


of  conduct,  after  such  event  should  take  place,  miyht  es- 
tablish harmony  between  us  and  the  Indians  that  might 
exist  for  many  jears.  Two  armies  hath  already'  been  de- 
feated, and  I  doubt  (not)  the  third  will  share  the  same 
fate,  if  the  greatest  precaution  is  not  made  use  of.  We  are 
suing  the  Indians  for  peace.  This  convinces  them  that  we 
are  beat  and  cowed,  and,  of  course,  will  cause  nations  not 
yet  at  war  to  join  the  confederacy,  and,  if  thev  treat  at  all, 
their  demands  will  be  so  great  that  it  will  be  as  dishonor- 
able for  the  states  to  grant  as  it  is  for  them.  I  wrote  }'ou 
on  the  subject  of  Lanetot's(?)  bill.  It  was  settled  in 
Shannon's  account  when  he  was  on  the  assembly,  which 
may  appear  in  the  auditor's  office,  and  a  bill  passed  the 
house  for  the  settlement  of  those  accounts;  the  bill  I  have 
seen  myself.  This  I  have  from  Captain  Shannon,  who 
hath  been  in  the  woods  surv-eying  all  this  spring,  but  is  to 
meet  me  next  court  on  that  and  other  business.  If  you 
should  be  at  Richmond,  pray  exainine,  and  perhaps  the 
matter  may  be  easily  settled,  as  I  don't  know  where  the 
doubt  lies.  It  is  as  just  as  the  book  we  swear  by.  As  to 
the  flour  account,  it  is  a  shame  among  other  things.  I 
never  could,  until  the  time  I  did  it,  get  this  business  ar- 
ranged so  as  to  lay  it  before  the  assembly  with  the  same 
propriet}',  and  to  sa}-  it  ought  to  have  been  done  sooner 
is  ominous.  Why  did  they  not  do  me  the  justice  at  first  and 
enable  me  to  pay  for,  and  take  up,  those  accounts  sooner.? 
I  have  given  the  United  States  half  the  territory  they  pos- 
sess, and  for  them  to  suffer  me  to  remain  in  poverty,  in 
consequence  of  it,  will  not  redound  much  to  their  honor 
hereafter,  when  the  most  minute  movement  of  mine,  from 


^90  CLARK  XOT  ADEQUATELY  REWARDED. 


first  to  last,  is  alread}'  committed  to  paper.  I  am  more 
capable  of  negotiations  and  the  militar}'  life  now  than  ever, 
because  I  have  until  the  present  daj-  studied  it.  Suppose 
my  principles  would  permit  me  to  change  sides,  don't  you 
think  the  continent  would  have  cause  to  tremble.?  * 

"I  shall  follow  3'our  advice  and  present  another  memorial 
this  fall — am  now  making  preparations  for  tt.  If  I  meet 
with  another  rebuff  I  must  rest  contented  with  it,  be  in- 
dustrious, and  look  out  further  for  mj-  future  bread.  All 
the  trouble  you  are  at  in  superintending  my  business  will 
be  gratefull}'  acknowledged  by  your  affectionate  brother, 

"  G.  R.  Clark. 

"All  friends  near  are  well,  except  my  father,  who  has  a 
pain  in  the  knee,  but  is  getting  better.  The  whole  present 
compliments  to  your  family  and  friends." 

Ten  3'ears  later  he  was  still  struggling  on  in  poverty,  with 
his  claim  against  the  government  remaining  unpaid.  Then 
he  wrote  another  letter  to  the  same  brother,  sa3'ing,  in  bit- 
terness and  despair,  "I  have  lost  all  prospect  of  getting 
my  just  claims  from  Virginia.  I  content  myself  by  view- 
ing their  f  course  with  contempt.'' 

For  some  time  after  George  Rogei's  Clark's  dismissal 
from  sei^vice  by  Virginia  he  remained  in  comparative  ob- 
scurity, giving  some  attention,  however,  to  the  allotment 
of  the  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant  among  his  soldiers,  as  will 
be  hereafter  shown;  but  in  January,  1785,  Clark,  Richard 

*  General  Clark  wrotu  so  carelessl3'  at  times  that  it  is  not  certain  Avhether  he 
meant  should  he  chansje  sides  now,  or  had  changed  sides  during  the  Avar  in 
which  he  was  so  important  a  factor.  It  is  more  reasonable  to  suppose  he  meant 
the  latter. 

t  A  word  here  between  "their"  and  "course"  is  illc'^ible. 


Ci.ARK   -MM'OINTKD  'l'( )  TREAT  WITH  TllH  INDIANS.        79I 


Butler  and  Arthur  Lee  were  the  ITnited  States  eommis- 
sioners  who  exeeuted  an  important  treat}'  at  Fort  Mcin- 
tosh with  the  ^Vyandot,  Delaware,  Chippewa  and  Ottawa 
Indians. 

It  is  said  in  Dawson's  life  of  William  Henry  Harrison 
that,  "at  a  treat}-  held  at  Fort  Mcintosh,  on  the  Ohio, 
in  the  year  178c;,  Buckongehelas,  then  the  chief  warrior 
(of  the  Delawares),  was  present.  After  the  sachems, 
or  peace  chiefs,  had  addressed  the  commissioners  of  the 
United  States,  who  were  George  Rogers  Clark,  iVrthur 
Lee  and  Richard  Butler,  whom  he  did  not  deign  to  no- 
tice, approaching  General  Clark,  and  taking  him  b}-  the 
hand,  he  thus  addressed  him:  'I  thank  the  great  spirit  for 
having  this  day  brought  together  two  such  great  warriors 
as  Buckongehelas  and  General  Clark.'  "  This  ma}'  have 
been  a  displav  of  too  much  vanity  on  the  part  of  this  brave, 
but  somewhat  self-exalting  Indian,  but  the  same  author 
says:  "This  man  possessed  all  the  qualifications  of  a 
hero;  no  Christian  knight  was  ever  more  scrupulous  in 
performing  all  his  engagements  than  the  renowned  Buck- 
ongehelas." 

On  the  31st  of  the  next  January,  General  Clark,  Richard 
Butler  and  Samuel  H.  Parsons,  acted  as  United  States 
commissioners  in  negotiating  a  treaty  with  the  Shawnees. 
At  this  treaty  an  incident  occurred  showing  Clark's  fearless 
character,  and  that  he  knew  how  to  manage  the  Indians. 
The  event  is  thus  related,  in  the  Western  Sun  of  Vincennes, 
October  21,  1820,  and  seems  to  have  been  copied  from  an 
article  in  the  National  Gazette,  written  by  an  old  arm}-  of- 
ficer:      "The  Indians  came  into  the  treaty  at  Fort  Wash- 


79-  IN'CIDENT  AT  A  TREATY  WITH  THE  INDIANS. 


ington  in  the  most  friendh'  manner,  except  the  Shawnees, 
the  most  conceited  and  most  warHke  of  the  aborigines;  the 
first  in  a  battle,  the  last  at  a  treaty.  Three  hundred  of 
their  finest  warriors,  set  off  in  all  their  paint  and  feathers, 
tiled  into  the  council  house.  Their  number  and  demeanor, 
so  unusual  at  an  occasion  of  this  sort,  was  altogether  un- 
expected and  suspicious.  The  United  States  stockade 
mustered  seventy  men. 

"In  the  center  of  the  hall,  at  a  little  table,  sat  the  coin- 
missioners.  General  Clark,  the  indefatigable  scourge  of 
these  very  marauders.  General  Richard  Butler,  and  the 
Hon.  Mr.  Parsons.  There  was  present,  also,  a  Captain 
Denn}',  who,  I  believe,  is  still  alive  and  can  attest  the  story. 
On  the  part  of  the  Indians  an  old  council  sachem  and  a  war 
chief  took  the  lead;  the  latter,  a  tall  raw-boned  fellow  with 
an  impudent  and  villainous  look,  made  a  boisterous  speech, 
which  operated  effectually  on  the  passions  of  the  Indians, 
who  set  up  a  prodigious  whoop  ai  every  pause.  He  con- 
cluded by  presenting  a  black  and  white  wampum,  to  signify 
they  were  pi^epared  for  either  event,  peace  or  war.  Clark 
exhibited  the  same  unalterable  and  careless  countenance 
he  had  shown  during  the  whole  scene,  his  head  leaning  on 
his  left  hand,  and  his  elbow  resting  on  the  table;  he  raised 
his  little  cane  and  pushed  the  wampum  off  the  table,  with 
very  little  ceremony.  Every  Indian  at  the  same  moment 
started  from  his  seat  with  one  of  those  sudden,  simultaneous 
and  peculiar  savage  sounds,  which  startle  and  disconcert 
the  stoutest  heart,  and  can  neither  be  described  nor  for- 
gotten. Parsons,  more  civil  than  military,  in  his  habits 
was  poorl)'  fit  for  an  emergency  that  would  probably  have 


t3 

o 

o 
c; 

Q 

f 


794  INCIDENT  AT  A  TREATY  \NITH  THE  INDIANS. 


embarrassed  evcin  the  hero  of  Saratoga,  the  brother  and 
father  of  soldiers.  \t  this  juncture  Clark  rose — the  scru- 
tinizing e^•e  cowered  at  his  glance.  lie  stamped  his  foot  on 
the  prostrate  and  insulted  symbol,  and  ordered  them  to 
leave  the  hall.  The}' did  so  apparently  involuntarih*.  They 
were  heard  all  that  night  debating  in  the  bushes  near  the 
fort.  The  raw-boned  chief  was  for  war,  the  old  sachems 
for  peace;  the  latter  prevailed,  and  the  next  morning  they 
came  back  and  sued  for  peace." 

Some  unimportant  errors  ma}'  have  crept  into  this  ex- 
tract, but  the  incident,  no  doubt,  occurred,  substantially, 
as  stated.  These  treaties  would  have  been  of  great  impor- 
tance, if  they  had  been  faithfully  executed  by  the  Indians,  as 
they  clearly  defined  the  territories  to  be  occupied  by  them, 
and  provided  against  trespassing  thereon  by  the  whites,  be- 
sides containing  other  salutary  provisions.  But  unfortu- 
nate h',  they  were  not  lived  up  to  in  good  faith,  and  there  is 
some  reason  to  doubt  whether  even  those  who  signed  the 
treaties  intended  to  execute  them  faithfully.  Neither  was 
there  unaniinity  among  Indians  of  the  same  tribe,  as  there 
was  a  large  and  restless  war  party  in  each,  bent  on  adven- 
ture and  mischief,  and  these  denied  that  they  were  bound 
by  the  treaties.  In  fact  there  was  reason  to  suspect  that 
the  Indians  signing  them  were  actuated  more  by  a  de- 
sire to  have  a  good  time  attending  the  councils  and  re- 
ceiving presents,  than  to  secure  permanent  peace.  The 
cessation  of  hostilities,  which  for  a  time  existed  after  the 
close  of  the  RevolutionarA'  War,  was  more  in  the  nature  of 
a  suspension  than  an  actual  ending  of  the  contest. 


CHAPTER  XX.* 

WABASH  AND  MIAMI  INDIANS,  ENCOURAGED  BY  THE  BRIT- 
ISH, BECOME   HOSTILE  TO  THE   AMERICANS— CAM- 
PAIGN AGAINST  THEM  DETERMINED  UPON. 

General  Clark  placed  in  command — The  situation  communicated  to  the  Gov- 
ernor of  Virginia  by  Clark  and  John  May — Officers,  Kentucky  military  dis- 
trict, meet  in  council — Right  to  impress  military  supplies  declared — Expedi- 
tion marches  by  land  to  Vincenncs — Provisions  forwarded  by  water,  delayed 
and  spoiled — Expedition  delayed  at  Vincenncs — March  in  demoralized  con- 
dition—  A  portion  revolt  before  reaching  enemy  and  return — Clark  over- 
whelmed with  grief-^French  inhabitants  no  longer  friendly — Clark  determines 
to  garrison  Vincenncs — Is  driven  b\'  necessity  to  impress  supplies  for  his 
troops — Takes  some  Spanish  propert3' — Commissary  appointed — Regular 
accounts  kept  of  property  taken — His  conduct  misrepresented — Virginia  and 
congress,  without  waiting  for  his  explanations,  condemn  it — This  action  hasty 
and  inconsiderate — Opinions  of  disinterested  persons — Clark  returns  to  the 
falls  full  of  disappointment — Finally  meditates  an  expedition  in  the  interest 
of  the  French  against  the  Spaniards  on  the  ISIississippi — Accepts  French 
commission — Issues  a  proclamation — Expedition  abandoned — Effect  of  the 
movement  beneficial  in  hastening  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi — Opinion 
of  Governor  Shelby  and  others. 

liHE  Wabash  and  Miami  Indians  were  not  included  in 
the  treaties  referred  to  in  the  last  chapter,  and  had 
grown  to  be  very  unfriendly  to  the  Americans.  Likewise 
the  French  inhabitants  of  the  towns,  as  already  shown,  had 
become  exasperated  against  them  because  of  shameful 
neglect  by  the  government,  and  impositions  to  which  they 

*  Reference  to  Chapter  XX  in  the  first  volume  should  read  Chapter  XXI. 

5-  ("•'> 


^96  DISSATISFACTION  IX  THE  ILLINOIS  COUNTRY. 


had  been  subjected,  particularly  in  the  taking  army  sup- 
plies without  just  compensation.  But  there  were  numerous 
other  causes  conspiring  to  produce  dissatisfaction;  and  the 
old  sympathy  between  the  French  and  Indians  ^^'as  revived 
and  strengthened. 

Strongest  of  all  was  the  powerful  influence  of  British 
officers  who  still  remained  in  possession  of  Detroit  and 
other  militar}'  posts,  within  the  boundary  of  the  United 
States,  in  flagrant  violation  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  and 
who  did  all  they  could,  short  of  actual  participation  them- 
selves, to  induce  the  Indians  to  unfriendl}'  acts  against 
the  Americans;  not  by  movements  in  large  force,  but  by 
small  parties  who  kept  the  white  settlements  on,  or  near, 
the  frontiers  in  a  constant  state  of  alann  and  danger.  This 
was  true  of  all  the  frontier  line,  but  particularl}-  of  Ken- 
tucky, where  the  people,  weary  with  waiting  for  the  United 
States  to  enforce  remedial  measures,  finally  took  the  matter 
in  hand  themselves. 

In  determining  upon  a  militarj?  leader,  in  this  crisis,  the 
people  naturally,  in  view  of  the  past,  turned  to  General 
Clark  as  the  most  desirable  man.  He  had,  in  May,  1786, 
written  about  the  situation  of  affairs  to  his  old  friend 
Patrick  Henry,  who  had  again  become  governor  of  Vir- 
ginia. 

"I  make  no  doubt,"  said  he,  "you  have  long  since  had 
a  full  account  of  the  late  Indian  treaties  at  the  mouth  of 
Miami.  What  future  effect  they  may  have  on  the  nations 
treated  with  is  impossible  to  tell,  but  some  good  conse- 
quences have  already  appeared  in  the  peaceable  behavior 
of  some  of  those  Indians.      Notwithstanding,  I  don't  think 


CLARK  S  LETTliR  TO  PATHIClv  HENRY.  797 


that  this  countiy,  even  in  its  infant  state,  bore  so  gloomy 
an  aspect  as  it  does  at  present. 

"The  loss  of  Colonel  Christian,  whom  the  inhabitants 
had  great  future  hopes  in,  hath  caused  general  uneasiness; 
add  to  this  the  certainty  of  a  war  alread^'  commenced  and 
early  this  spring  declared  by  the  Wabash  Indians  in  general, 
amounting  in  the  whole,  to  upwards  of  fifteen  hundred  war- 
riors, encouraged  b}'  the  British  traders  from  Detroit,  and 
their  own  inclination.  When  you  take  a  view  of  our  situa- 
tion, circumstanced  as  we  are,  no  prospect  of  support,  at 
best,  for  several  months,  so  forinidable  and  bloody  an 
enemj-  to  encounter,  much  irregularit}-  in  the  country — no 
power  to  order  the  militia  out  of  the  state  for  its  protection, 
and  before  the  assemblv  meets,  or  any  assistance  can  be 
got  from  congress  on  your  making  application  to  them  for 
it,  I  doubt  great  part  of  these  beautiful  settlements  will  be 
laid  waste,  without  protected  by  volunteers  penetrating  into 
the  heart  of  the  enemy's  countrj?.    Nothing  else  will  do, 

"Scouts  and  forts  on  the  frontiers  answer  but  little  pur- 
pose and  in  the  end  cost  more  than  an  army  that  would  do 
the  business  effectually  at  once,  ^^^as  a  sufBcient  force  to 
appear  in  their  countr}-,  after  a  general  action,  which  I 
think  should  take  place,  they  would  sue  for  peace,  and  agree 
to  any  terms  you  pleased,  to  save  their  country  from  total 
destruction. 

"Such  an  example  would  have  a  great  and  good  im- 
pression on  these  Indians,  already  treated  with,  as  fear 
would  cause  them  to  be  peaceable,  when  presents  make 
them  believe  we  are  afraid  of  them,  and  rather  an  encour- 
agement for  them  to  make  war  upon  us  when  they  get  poor. 


;ciS         JOHX  may's  i^etter  to  governor  henry. 


This  is  a  notorious  truth,  well  known  by  those  that  are 
acquainted  with  their  dispositions.  A  few  days  ago,  an 
engagement  happened  near  St.  Vincents,  on  the  Wabash, 
in  which  twelve  of  the  Indians  lay  (dead)  on  the  field  and  a 
number  wounded." 

Another  letter,  written  to  the  governor  in  the  following 
July,  by  John  May,  states  the  condition  of  affairs,  and  the 
opinion  entertained  of  General  Clark  by  the  people,  so  fully 
that  it  is  given  here  in  full:  "The  very  interesting  intelli- 
gence," said  he,  "which  we  have  lately  received  from  Post 
St.  Vincent,  induces  me  once  more  to  trouble  Your  Excel- 
lenc}'.  The  Americans  living  there  have  been  very  much 
distressed  by  the  Indians  ever  since  last  winter,  and  have 
every  reason  to  believe  that  they  were  encouraged  to  con- 
tinue hostilities  by  the  French  inhabitants,  who  have  not 
only  refused  the  Americans  any  assistance,  but  would  not 
suffer  them  to  make  use  of  the  cannon,  which  were  left  there 
for  their  defense,  at  a  fort  which  the}'  were  obliged  to  build; 
and  when  they,  the  French,  were  written  to  on  the  subject 
by  General  Clark,  they  returned  for  answer  that  they  had 
nothing  to  do  with  the  United  States,  but  considered  them- 
selves as  British  subjects  and  should  obey  no  other  power. 

"I  understand  that  there  are  British  traders  among  them 
who  keep  up  this  idea,  and  as  congress  seems  to  have  to- 
tally neglected  them,  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  if  they 
should  still  think  themselves  under  the  British  government, 
especially  when  they  see  that  the  several  British  posts,  which 
they  were  told  were  to  be  delivered  up  to  the  Americans, 
are  still  in  the  possession  of  the  British. 


lt)llN   MAY  S  LETTER  TO  GOVERNOR  HENRY.  799 


"The  Americans  have  been  lately  attacked  by  the  In- 
dians, but  repulsed  them,  whereupon  Colonel  Le  Gras,  or 
LegTow,  for  I  don't  recollect  how  he  spelt  his  name, 
issued  his  proclamation,  ordered  all  the  Americans  to  move 
avva}'  immediately:  Thev  are  now  closel}' confined  within 
their  fort  or  houses,  and  have  evcr^-  reason  to  expect  the 
French  will  assist  the  Indians  against  them,  and  are  under 
the  most  dreadful  apprehensions  of  being  totally  cut  off. 
The  Wabache  Indians  are  all  at  war  with  us,  and  most  of 
the  Shawnees,  and  put  to  death  in  a  most  cruel  manner  all 
the  prisoners  who  are  so  unfortunate  as  to  fall  into  their 
hands. 

"Since  Colonel  Logan  wrote  to  you  in  April,  there  have 
been  a  great  manj-  murders  committed,  and  we,  ever}'  two 
or  three  da3S,  hear  of  new  murders.  There  are  now  let- 
ters here  from  Post  St.  Vincent  requesting  in  the  most 
moving  terms  that  assistance  may  be  sent  to  the  Ameri- 
cans, to  enable  them  to  move  awa}',  and  offering  to  give  up 
every  shilling's  worth  of  property  they  possess  in  order  to 
defray  the  expenses  of  moving  them. 

"There  had  a  party  of  militia,  amounting  to  one  hun- 
dred and  thirty  men,  marched  a  few  da3S  before  this  intel- 
ligence came  to  hand,  to  attack  a  party  of  Indians,  who 
were  encamped  on  the  other  side  of  the  Ohio,  some  dis- 
tance below  the  falls,  but  upon  General  Clark's  receiving 
this  letter,  he  sent  expresses  after  them  and  requested  them 
to  proceed  immediately  to  this  post. 

"This  country  had  determined  to  carry  on  a  volunteer 
campaign  against  the  Indians  in  August  next,  but  your  in- 


800    COUNCIL  OF  OFFICERS  OF  THE  DISTRICT  OF  KENTUCKY. 

structions  have  changed  the  plan,  and  they  are  now  prepar- 
ing for  a  regular  campaign. 

"I  find  it  is  the  unanimous  opinion  of  the  inhabitants  of 
this  country  that  General  Clark  is  the  properest  person  to 
take  command  here,  and  notwithstanding  the  opinion 
which  prevails  below,  of  his  not  being  capable  of  attending 
to  business,  I  am  of  the  same  opinion  with  the  rest  of  this 
country.  I  have  been  with  him  frequently  and  find  him  as 
capable  of  business  as  ever,  and  should  an  expedition  be 
carried  on  against  the  Indians  I  think  his  name  alone  would 
be  worth  half  a  regiment  of  men. 

"It  is  not  expected  that  the  troops  will  be  ready  to  march 
before  the  first  of  September,  as  the  council  of  officers  will 
not  be  held  till  the  2d  of  August.  .  .  .  Colonel  Logman 
is  acquainted  with  the  contents  of  this  letter,  and  has  au- 
thorized me  to  say  that  in  case  a  general  officer  should  be 
appointed,  he  thinks  General  Clark's  abilities  and  experi- 
ence entitle  him  to  the  appointment."  * 

The  council  of  officers  of  the  district  of  Kentucky,  re- 
ferred to  in  this  letter,  was  held  at  Harrodsburg,  at  the  time 
mentioned,  when  it  was  decided  to  make  a  campaign,  under 
General  Clark,  against  the  hostile  Indians  on  the  AVabash, 
without  waiting  longer  for  the  general  government  to  act, 
as  the  latter  had  strangely  neglected  to  give  the  western 
frontiers,  especially  the  settlements  northwest  of  the  Ohio, 
proper  protection.  Patrick  Henry,  the  governor  of  Vir- 
ginia, approved  of  this  action,  f  Afoot  note  in  Butler's 
Kentucky,  p.  154,  edition  of  1834,  indicates  that  the  expe- 

*Life  of  Patrick  Henry,  by  his  grandson,  Vol.  3,  p.  369. 
twinning  of  tl\e  West,  Vol.  3,  p.  83,  and  autiiorities  there  cited. 


CAMPAIGN  AGAINST  THE  INDIANS  DETERMINED  ON.       8oi 


dition  was  inaugurated  at  a  meeting  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  district  of  Kentucky,  at  Danville,  some  time  in  1786, 
and  confirmed  by  the  military  officers  of  the  district  on  the 
2d  of  August  of  that  year.  The  note  is  important  as  show- 
ing the  source  from  which  General  Clark  derived  his  author- 
ity, and  that  it  was  the  opinion  of  the  highest  legal  author- 
ities of  Kentucky  that  the  field  officers  had  a  legal  right  to 
impress  all  supplies  needed.  It  says:  "This  expedition 
was  prepared  in  conformity  to  resolutions  of  the  inhabitants 
of  the  district  assembled  at  Danville  sometime  in  1786;  the 
inonth  is  not  mentioned  in  the  proceedings;  they  are  signed 
by  William  Kennedy,  as  chairman.  These  resolutions, 
together  with  an  order  of  the  executive  of  Virginia,  were 
acted  on  by  the  military  officers  of  the  district,  who  met  at 
Harrodsburg,  on  the  id  of  August,  1786.  These  gentle- 
men, ainong  other  resolutions,  adopted  one  appointing 
'General  George  Rogers  Clark  to  act  as  general  officer,  and 
have  the  command  and  direction  of  the  army  at  this  time, 
ordered  in  offensive  operations  against  our  enemy,  the  In- 
dians.' 

"The  doubts  which  were  entertained  about  the  legality 
of  impressments  for  provisions,  etc.,  were  submitted  by  the 
officers  to  Judges  Muter  and  Wallace,  and  the  attorney- 
general,  Innes.  These  officers  certified  it  as  their  opinion 
'that  the  executive  have  delegated  to  the  field-officers  of 
this  district  all  their  power'  in  regard  to  impressments, 
'and  that  they  have  a  right  to  impress,  if  necessary,  all 
supplies  for  the  use  of  the  militia  that  may  be  called  into 
service.'  The  opinion  is  directed  to  Colonel  Benjamin 
Logan,  as  president  of  the  board  of  officers."* 

*See  the  opinion  in  full  in  the  Appendix. 


8o2  TROOPS  RESTLESS  AND  UNDrSCIPLINED. 


The  militia  were  to  assemble  at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  by 
the  loth  of  September,  mounted  or  on  foot,  as  they  pleased. 
They  came  straggling  in  during  the  month  under  circum- 
stances not  at  all  favorable  to  the  establishment  of  good 
discipline. 

There  was,  in  fact,  no  time  to  efficiently  organize  and 
discipline  the  troops,  as  they  were  moved  forward  from  the 
falls  the  latter  part  of  that  month,  across  the  wilderness  to 
Vincennes.  There  were  between  ten  hundred  and  twelve 
hundred  men,  brave,  but  self-willed  and  independent  of 
restraint,  with  many  disturbing  elements  among  them. 

Bad  luck  seemed  to  fasten  on  the  expedition  froin  the 
beginning.  The  provisions  and  most  of  the  army  supplies 
were  forwarded  from  the  falls  to  Vincennes  by  water,  and 
were  expected  to  arrive  by  the  time  the  troops  reached 
there;  but  it  was  a  sultry  season,  with  water  probably  low, 
and  the  boats  did  not  arrive  until  nine  days  after  the  sol- 
diers, and  then  it  was  found  that  a  large  part  of  the 
provisions  were  spoiled.  The  further  delay  at  Vincennes 
was  unfortunate,  as  discontent  arose  and  factions  were 
formed  during  the  inactivity,  which  became  disastrous  in 
the  end. 

A  considerable  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  Vincennes 
joined  the  Kentucky  troops  when  they  marched  up  the 
Wabash  in  October,  with  a  view  of  attacking  the  Indians, 
particularly  those  in  the  vicinity  of  Ouiatenon.  The  In- 
dians obtained  information  of  the  intended  movement  and 
prepared  to  ambuscade  the  Americans  at  a  favorable  point 
on  the  contemplated  line  of  march,  in  the  defiles  of  Pine 
creek.     Those,  however,   in  the  region   about  the  mouth 


PART  OF  THE  TROOPS  REBEL  AND  RETURN   HOME.         803 


of  the  Vermilion  river  deserted  their  ^'illages  as  the  troops 
approached  that  neighborhood,  and,  in  the  meantime,  the 
fatigue  of  the  march,  lack  of  provisions,  and  an  absurd  ru- 
mor that  Clark  had  given  the  Indians  an  option  to  make 
peace  without  fighting  if  they  wished,  all  added  to  the  de- 
plorable insubordination,  disorganization  and  bad  feeling, 
which  had  been  growinp-  from  the  beeinning-. 

At  this  point  several  hundred  of  the  troops  resisted  the 
commands,  entreaties,  and  even  tears,  of  General  Clark, 
and  marched  off  in  the  direction  of  home.  This  was  an 
open  and  disgraceful  revolt,  but  there  was  so  much  disaf- 
fection and  dissatisfaction,  generally,  that  he  decided  it  best 
not  to  attempt  to  enforce  obedience;  and  as  there  was,  in 
addition,  a  distressing  lack  of  provisions,  nothing  was  left 
for  him  to  do  but  to  return  to  Vincennes,  overwhelmed 
with  sorrow  and  humiliation,  at  a  result  which  it  was  not 
possible  for  him,  under  the  circumstances,  to  prevent. 

There  are,  however,  those  who  attribute  the  result  to  the 
unfortunate  habit  of  drinking  to  excess,  which  had  grown 
upon  him  since  he  was  retired  from  the  service  of  Virginia  in 
1 783,  but  it  should  not  be  forgotten  that  the  very  same  result 
happened  to  General  Hopkins,  who  undertook  to  lead  the 
same  kind  of  troops  against  the  same  Indians,  in  the  same 
/'yy/  ,  Illinois   country,   twenty- 

'^        /     '^  he    was    never   even    ac- 

cused of  drinking  to  excess.  Such  results,  some  times, 
spring  from  jealousy  and  rivalry  between  officers  and  com- 
panies, and  a  variety  of  causes,  that,  unexpectedly,  arise 
in   such  combinations    as  to   be   irresistible.       The   result 


8o4  INTERESTS  AT  VIXCENNES  XEED  PROTECTION. 

was,  no  doubt,  occasioned  by  such  causes,  in  both  these 
instances,  and  not  because  of  lack  of  bravery  in  the  troops, 
or  lack  of  ability  in  the  commanding  officers. 

To  form  a  correct  estimate  of  the  transactions  of  this 
period,  with  which  General  Clark  was  connected,  the  de- 
plorable condition  of  the  Wabash  and  Illinois  country  at 
this  time,  as  already  stated,  should  not  be  disregarded.  The 
little  protection  which  Virginia  had  given  to  the  people 
there  practically  ceased  when  that  state  determined  to  cede 
her  claim  to  this  territory  to  the  general  government;  and 
the  latter,  up  to  that  period,  had,  strangely,  neglected  to 
extend  governmental,  or  other  adequate  protection,  over 
them. 

The  sympathy  and  aid  extended  to  the  Americans  by 
the  French  and  Creole  inhabitants,  at  the  time  of  the 
original  conquest  by  Clark,  had  been  rewarded  by  neglect, 
pecuniary  loss  and  oppression,  which,  naturally,  produced 
resentment,  and  now  they  were  anything  but  friends. 
The  American  govermnent  had  apparently  forsaken  them 
without  any  fault  of  their  own,  and,  in  spite  of  their  earn- 
est appeals  for  help,  and  they  were  left,  as  far  as  the  govern- 
ment was  concerned,  in  almost  a  state  of  anarchy. 

So  far  had  this  estrangement  gone  that  Americans  not 
having  special  permit  from  the  Creole  court  to  remain  were 
ordered  to  leave  Vincennes,  and  there  had  been  almost, 
if  not  quite,  actual  collision,  and  a  dangerous  disposi- 
tion manifested  by  a  part  of  these  inhabitants  to  join  the 
Indians  and  British  against  the  Americans.  There  had 
been  several  conflicts  with  the  Indians  in  the  vicinity,  in 
which  there  was   loss  of  life  on  both  sides,  and  the  condi- 


GARRISON  ESTAHIJSHED  AT  VINCENNES.  805 


tion  of  affairs  was  so  unfavorable  to  the  Americans  that 
tliey  were  in  clanger  of  being  all  killed  or  driven  out  of 
the  country.  Of  all  men  Clark  was  best  suited  to  recon- 
cile the  unfortunate  differences  which  had  arisen  durino-  his 
long  absence  from  the  country,  between  the  French  and 
Ainerican  inhabitants,  and  it  is  a  notable  and  creditable 
fact,  that  both  sides  appealed  to  him  as  a  mediator  in 
whom  they  had  entire  confidence. 

Realizing  the  dangerous  situation,  with  that  quick  percep- 
tion which  alwaj's  characterized  him,  he  promptly  deter- 
mined to  check  the  growing  evil,  and  to  do  a  great  service  to 
his  country,  by  placing  an  adequate  garrison  of  American  sol- 
diers at  Vincennes,  and  again  establishing  law,  order  and  good 
feeling  over  the  Wabash  and  Illinois  country,  as  had  always 
existed  before  when  he  commanded  there.  lie  also  de- 
signed to  hold  the  neighboring  Indians  in  check,  and,  if 
possible,  establish  friendly  treaty  relations  with  them.  To 
this  end,  on  his  return  to  Vincennes  from  the  unfortunate 
campaign  against  the  Indians,  he  enlisted  from  the  soldiers 
who  had  remained  faithful  one  hundred  and  forty  men. 

It  is  true  he  did  this  without  the  direct  authorit}'  of  the 
government,  much  in  the  same  spirit  that  General  Jackson 
established  martial  law  in  New  Orleans,  and  his  action, 
like  Jackson's,  caused  many  bitter  criticisms  to  be  leveled 
against  him.  It  was  a  case  of  emergency,  and  to  have 
waited  until  he  could  communicate  with  the  distant  gov- 
'ernment  and  procure  technical  authority  would  not  have 
afforded  the  remedy  the  circumstances  required. 

In  fact  it  would  have  been  out  of  the  question,  as  it 
probably  would  have  required  a  year  to  accomplish  it,  if 


8o6  CLARK  TAKES  THE  RESPONSIBILITY. 

it  could  have  been  done  at  all.  As  evidence  of  the  then 
imperfect  intercourse  between  the  east  and  the  west,  it  may 
be  mentioned  that  "the  preliminary  articles  of  peace  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  which  had 
been  signed  on  the  30th  of  November,  1782,  were  not 
known  in  Kentucky  until  the  spring  of  1783."*  The 
facilities  of  intercommunication  were  but  little  if  any  better 
in  1786. 

There  were  no  very  close  obligatory  relations  at  that 
period  between  a  commander  in  the  western  wilderness 
and  the  distant  home  government;  all  the  surroundings 
necessitated  large  discretionary  powers,  which  Governor 
Patrick  Flenr}'  clearly  comprehended,  when  he  wrote  to 
Colonel  Clark,  in  December,  1778,  and  reminded  him  that 
emergencies  might  arise  where  the  government  could  not  be 
consulted,  and  wisely  said,  "general  discretionary  powei's, 
therefore,  are  given  you  to  act  for  the  best  in  all  cases  where 
these  instructions  are  silent  and  the  law  has  made  no  pro- 
visions." General  Clark  had  several  times  taken  such 
responsibilities,  and  the  result  had  always  proven  the  cor- 
rectness of  his  action.  On  this  occasion  he  appears  to  have 
done  that  which  he  thought  was  right  and  best  under  the 
circumstances,  again  taking  the  responsibility,  courageously 
and  without  hesitation,  for  which,  to  say  the  least,  consid- 
ered from  any  point  of  view,  he  deserved  much  better 
treatment  than  he  received. 

He  did,  however,  consult  such  persons  in  authority  as 
were  within  consulting  distance,  who  were  supposed  to 
be  entitled  to  give  advice  in  the  premises.      He  appropri- 

*  Butler's  Kentucky  and  Marshall's  Kentucky. 


FIELD  OFFICERS  rONCllR  IN  C'I-AKk's  At:TION.  807 


ately  called  together  for  consultation  the  field-officers  in 
this  expedition.  They  met  in  council  while  at  Vincennes 
in  October  and  "unanimously  agreed  that  a  garrison  at  that 
place  would  be  of  essential  service  to  the  district  of  Ken- 
tuck}',  and  that  supplies  might  be  had  in  the  district  more 
than  sufficient  for  their  support,  by  impressment,  or  other- 
wise, under  the  direction  of  a  commissar}'  to  be  appointed 
for  that  purpose,  pursuant  to  the  authorit}'  vested  in  the 
field-officers  of  the  district  by  the  executive  of  Virginia." 

Nothing  to  the  contrar}-  appearing  it  is  to  be  presumed 
that  these  field-officers  were  competent  to  form  a  correct 
judgment  when  they  joined  General  Clark  in  advising  the 
establishment  of  a  garrison  at  Vincennes.  That  its  estab- 
lishment was  intended  for  the  public  good  has  been  gen- 
erall}'  conceded,  and,  whether  regular  in  every  respect  or 
not,  it  was  believed  a  wise  thing  for  the  country,  at  the 
time,  and  was  cordially  approved  by  the  great  mass  of  the 
western  people. 

There  remains  nothing  to  base  criticism  upon  except  that 
the  command,  being  wholly  destitute  of  money,  provisions 
and  army  supplies,  were  forced,  b}'  necessit}',  to  make  im- 
pressments; in  doing  which,  among  others,  they  took  the 
property  of  one  Bazadone,  who  claimed  to  be  a  Spanish 
merchant  doing  business  at  Vincennes.  Impressments  for 
army  use  were  not  so  unusual  at  that  period,  and  had 
frequentl}'  been  resorted  to  against  the  French  inhabit- 
ants, and  it  is  said  that  propert}-'  was  impressed  in  Ken- 
tucky, before  the  troops  crossed  the  Ohio,  which,  although 
causing  some  slight  dissatisfaction  at  the  time,  good  judges 
considered  legal  and  justifiable. 


SoS  PROPERTY  TAKEN  FOR  PUBLIC  USE. 

Armies,  it  must  be  admitted,  are  generally  not  over-nice 
about  taking  what  they  actuall}'  need,  if  unable  to  supply 
themselves  otherwise,  and  a  prudent  and  considerate  com- 
mander would  hardly  allow  his  men  to  star\'e  with  supplies 
within  reach.  lie  would  naturally  be  expected  to  take 
them,  with  the  intention  that  substantial  justice  would  be 
done  afterwards,  and  he  would  probably  not  devote  much 
time  considering  the  question  of  ownership.  Governor 
Patrick  Henry,  in  the  letter  to  Clark  last  quoted,  said, 
''there  is  a  cargo  of  goods  at  a  Spanish  post  near  you  be- 
loncfing-  either  to  the  continent  or  the  state.  Rather  than 
let  your  troops  be  naked,  you  are  to  take  a  suppl}'  for  them 
out  of  these  goods.  But  this  not  to  be  done  but  in  case  of 
absolute  necessity.  Let  an  exact  account  be  kept  of  what 
is  used  and  let  me  receive  it." 

That  is  exactly  what  Clark  did,  on  this  occasion,  and  he 
did  nothing  more.  The  cases  were  substantially  the  same, 
except  that  some  of  the  goods  taken  were  claimed  to  be- 
long to  a  Spanish  merchant  doing  business  in  Vincennes. 
The  supplies  thus  taken  were  for  the  public  service,  being 
receipted  for,  and  accounted  for,  b}^  a  duly  appointed  com- 

/"~"^^m^^ "k  missary  of    the    garrison,  John 

a^^  ^\  Rice    Jones,    a    man    of    great 

WT    ^*  ^  ability  and  high  character,  who 

4r4^    — ^      i  faithfully  and  efficiently  served 

^^^"j^^^    •  the  people  in    man}-  honorable 

iCtL     '.^^^^  positions    afterwards,  both     in 

12-'S^    1_^^    1  Indiana  and  Missouri,   and  left 

J^^^^i^jz^^^P^^C^    ^  ^°"S  ^^"^  °^  worthy  descend- 
O'^^^^  )o      i>^    a:^'^^"'^    ants,  who  also  have  filled  hon- 


Clark's  action  ux'juyTiA'  criticised.  809 


orable  positions — one  of  them,  Honorable  George  W. 
Jones,  still  living  (i!~^95) — an  old  acquaintance  of  the 
author,  and  a  native  of  Indiana,  having  long  served  in  the 
senate  of  the  United  States.  Mr.  John  J.  Craig  was  also 
appointed  a  commissary. 

For  the  reason  that  a  considerable  amount  of  the  prop- 
erty impressed  belonged  to  Bazadone,  v\'ho  claimed  to  be  a 
Spanish  subject,  and  because  the  western  people  at  that 
time  were  extremely  bitter  against  the  Spaniards  on  account 
of  being  denied  free  navigation  of  the  ^Mississippi,  and  there 
was  a  possibilit}'  of  war  on  that  account,  which  was  not  fa- 
vored by  a  portion  of  the  people  of  the  east,  an  outcry  was 
raised  in  that  section,  and  a  portion  of  the  west,  against 
Clark's  action,  and  he  was  charged  with  intending  to  make 
war  on  the  Spaniards,  without  authority. 

Irresponsible  and  anonymous  scribblers  have  alwa3s  been 
found  to  attack  the  prominent  and  successful  military  men 
of  this  country  from  Washington  to  Grant,  and  it  is  not 
surprising  that  General  Clark  should  have  shared  the  same 
fate.  It  is  surprising,  however,  and,  in  the  author's  judg- 
ment, to  be  regretted,  that  a  paper,  without  name  of  writer 
or  receiver,  apparently  an  extract  from  a  private  letter 
written  by  one  citizen  to  another,  and  not  for  publication, 
assailing  General  Clark  in  the  most  violent  terms,  should 
have  found  a  place  in  such  a  publication  as  the  "Calen- 
dar of  Virginia  State  Papers.''  As  far  as  appears  it  was 
not  a  state  paper,  or  connected  with  a  state  paper.  In 
what  sense  was  this  attack,  of  a  nameless  person,  upon 
the  private  character  of  this  renowned  son  of  Virginia, 
worthy  of   a  place  among   her  published  archives?     If  it 


8lO  LETTER  WITHOUT  A  NAi\IE  OUT  OF  PLACE. 

had  the  responsibiUt}'  of  a  name  the  name  should  have 
been  given  if  it  was  to  be  put  with  the  official  state  papers, 
otherwise  it  should  have  been  consigned  to  the  waste  basket, 
and  not  handed  down  to  posterity,  through  this  official 
medium,  to  smirch  the  name  and  fame  of  a  man  who  acted 
such  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  history  of  that  state.  And 
this  is  said  without  claiming  that  General  Clark  was 
entirel}-  blameless  in  the  matter  referred  to. 

The  publication  in  this  official  and  public  manner  having 
already-been  done,  the  injury  will  not  be  added  tb  by  referring 
to  it  here .  The  paper  as  it  there  appears  is  stated  to  have  been 
extracted  from  a  letter  "written December  12,  1786,"  from 
a  gentleman  in  Kentucky  to  his  friend  in  Philadelphia, 
neither  name  given,  saying:  "Clark  is  playing  hell.  He 
is  raising  a  regiment  of  his  own,  and  has  one  hundred  and 
forty  men  stationed  at  Opost,  already,  now  under  the  com- 
mand of  Dalton.  Seized  on  a  Spanish  boat  with  twenty 
thousand  dollars,  or  rather  seized  three  stores  at  Opost 
worth  this  sum,  and  the  boat  which  brought  them  up.  J. 
R.  Jones,  commissary-general,  gets  a  large  share  of  the 
plunder,  and  has  his  family  at  Opost.  Piatt  comes  in  for 
snacks.  He  brought  the  baggage  and  a  thousand  pounds  of 
small  furs  at  the  falls  the  day  I  left  it.  Plunder  all  .  .  . 
means  to  go  to  congress  to  get  the  regiment  put  upon  the 
establishment.  He  is  the  third  captain.  The  furs,  he  tells 
his  associates,  are  necessary  to  bear  his  expenses;  but  he 
don't  return.  I  laid  a  plan  to  get  the  whole  seized  and 
secured  for  the  owners,  and  Bullett  and  Anderson  will  ex- 
ecute it.  Clark  is  eternally  drunk,  and  yet  full  of  design. 
I  told  him  he  would  be  hanged.      He  laughed  and  said  he 


'aXIL  of  VIRGINIA  AND  CONCiRESS  DIS.V I'i'ROVE.       8ll 


could  take  refuge  among  the  Indians.  ^V  stroke  is  medi- 
tated against  St.  Louis  and  the  Natchez."  * 

The  council  of  Virginia,  without  waiting  to  hear  any 
e?cplanation  from  General  Clark,  disavowed,  not  only  his 
acts  in  impressing  the  "alleged"  Spanish  property,  but 
"the  existence  of  a  power  derived  from  them  to  the  said 
Clark  to  raise  recruits,  appoint  officers,  or  impress  provis- 
ions.'" They  also  proceeded  to  immediately  apologize, 
in  advance,  to  his  "Catholic  Majesty,  the  king  of  Spain," 
because  this  son  of  Virginia,  who  had  done  so  much  for 
her  in  former  service,  impressed  a  few  thousand  dollars' 
worth  of  Bazadone's  property,  to  keep  the  suffering  soldiers 
from  want. 

These  hastily  adopted  resolutions  of  the  council  were  for- 
warded to  the  delegates  in  congress,  and  congress  capped 
the  climax  by  adopting  a  resolution  "for  dispossessing  a 
body  of  men  who  had,  in  a  lawless  and  unauthorized 
manner,  taken  possession  of  Post  Vincennes  in  defiance  of 
the  proclamation  and  authorit}^  of  the  United  States." 
Thus,  it  will  be  seen,  that  congress  was  anxious  to  con- 
ciliate "His  Catholic  jNIajesty,  the  king  of  Spain,"  as 
well  as  "His  Christian  jNIajesty,  the  king  of  France," 
notwithstanding  both  had  favored  leaving  the  country  Clark 
had  conquered  from  the  British  out  of  the  boundaries  of  the 
United  States,  at  the  time  of  making  the  treaty  of  peace 
with  Great  Britain.  H^owever,  this  action  of  the  two  kings 
had  been  really  facilitated  by  congress,  as  that  body  had 
instructed  the  American  peace  commissioners  "to  make 
the  most  candid  and  confidential  communications  upon  all 

*Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  4,  p.  202. 

52 


8l2       CONGRESS  APPARENTLY  NOT  FREE  FROiNT  ERROR. 

subjects  to  the  ministers  of  our  generous  all}-,  the  king 
of  France;  to  undertake  nothing  in  the  negotiations  for 
peace  or  truce  without  their  knowledge  and  concurrence." 
Fortunately  for  their  country  the  commissioners  took  the 
responsibility  of  acting  "in  defiance"  of  these  instruc- 
tions, and  secured  the  great  northwestern  territory  to  the 
United  States. 

Whatever  the  causes  producing  it,  this  action  of  congress 
seems  to  have  been  most  unwise,  as  was  also  the  further 
action,  instructing  the  American  commissioners  to  yield  to 
his  "Catholic  Majest}'"  all  American  right  to  the  free  navi- 
gation of  the  Mississippi  river,  and  of  the  majority  of  still 
another  congress  favoring  or  consenting  to  a  suspension  of 
that  right  for  twenty-five  or  thirty  j-ears.  Congress,  thus 
appearing  not  to  be  wholly  free  froin  error  themselves, 
might  have  exercised  a  little  more  charity  for  the  mistakes 
of  others,  especially  of  a  man  who  had  done  so  much  for 
their  country,  and  who  apparently  supposed  at  the  time 
that  he  was  acting  in  the  interests  of  the  people.  He  was, 
at  least,  entitled  to  a  hearing  before  being  subjected  to  the 
imputations  implied  in  these  hasty  resolves.  The  charge 
that  George  Rogers  Clark  made  mistakes  may  be  well  found- 
ed, but  in  the  estimation  of  many  they  were  incomparably 
less  mischievous  than  these  of  congress,  and  posterity  will 
not  fail  to  recognize  that  his  deeds  resulted  in  much  greater 
benefit  to  the  country  than  the  deeds  of  the  men  who  harsh- 
ly judged  and  traduced  him. 

General  Clark  naturally  felt  deeply  aggrieved  over  this 
action  of  congress  and  the  Virginia  council,  and  earnestly 
maintaining  that  his  conduct  was  entirely  justifiable  wrote  to 


REPORT  OF  THE  KENTUCKY  COMIMITTEE.  813 


the  governor  of  Virginia  in  December,  1786,  demanding  a 
court  of  inquiry.  It  does  not  appear,  however,  that  any 
was  ever  held.  In  the  same  letter  he  explains  that  mature 
reflection  satisfied  him  that,  after  the  retreat,  there  was 
more  necessit}^  than  ever  to  do  something  to  protect  Ameri- 
can interests  in  the  Illinois  country,  and  on  that  account 
he  had  recruited  a  number  of  troops  for  one  year,  fortified 
Vincennes,  and,  in  the  course  of  four  weeks,  brought  the 
whole  of  the  Wabash  Indians  to  his  own  terms.  He  add- 
ed that,  "the  grand  treaty  would  have  been  held  this 
fall  if  we  had  known  what  articles  to  ha^'e  agreed  to;  for 
the  want  of  that  knowledge  from  congress  it's  put  off  un- 
til the  last  of  April  next,  to  be  held  at  St.  Vincent,  and  is 
thought,  by  the  best  judges,  that  the  greatest  body  of  In- 
dians that  ever  appeared  together  in  that  quarter  will  be 
embodied.  Now  what  will  be  done  in  this  case  it  is  im- 
possible for  me  to  determine.  If  it  is  prosecuted,  there 
must  be  a  support  of  men,  money  and  provisions.  What 
the  different  Indian  nations  and  myself  have  agreed  to  is 
to  rest  quiet  until  that  time,  when  it  is  expected  a  final 
peace  will  take  place.''  * 

Several  disinterested  persons,  competent  to  judge  cor- 
rectly, and  near  enough  to  understand  the  situation,  gave 
accounts  of  the  matter  from  actual  knowledge  and  examina- 
tion, but  only  two  of  these  can  be  given  here  from  lack  of 
space.  It  will  be  seen  that  these  accounts  differ  materially 
from  the  statements  on  which  some  of  the  charges  against 
Clark  were  founded. 

*  Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  4,  p.  213. 


Sl4  REPORT  OF  THE  KENTUCKY  C'OM^tlTTEE. 

A  committee  was  appointed,  in  Kentuck}',  presumably 
by  one  of  the  several  constitutional  conventions  held  about 
that  time,  to  make  a  full  investigation  "respecting  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  corps  at  Post  Vincennes,  of  the  seizure 
of  Spanish  property  made  at  that  place,  and  such  other 
matters  as  they  might  think  necessar3^"  This  committee 
made  the  following  report  :* 

"They  find  by  inquiry,  from  General  Clark  and  sundry 
papers  submitted  by  him  to  their  inspection,  that  a  board 
of  field-officers,  composed  from  the  corps  employed  on  the 
late  Wabash  expedition,  did,  in  council  held  at  Post  Vin- 
cennes, the  8th  of  October,  1786,  unanimously  agree  that 
a  garrison  at  that  place  would  be  of  essential  service  to  the 
district  of  Kentuck}',  and  that  supplies  might  be  had  in  the 
district  more  than  sufficient  for  their  support,  by  impress- 
ment or  otherwise,  under  the  direction  of  a  commissary,  to 
be  appointed  for  this  purpose,  pursuant  to  the  authority 
vested  in  the  field-officers  of  the  district  by  the  executive  of 
Virginia.  The  same  board  appointed  Mr.  John  Craig,  Jr., 
a  commissary  of  purchase,  and  resolved  that  one  field- 
officer  and  two  hundred  and  fifty  men,  exclusive  of  the 
company  of  artillery,  to  be  commanded  by  Captain  Valen- 
tine Thomas  Dalton,  be  recruited  to  garrison  Post  Vin- 
cennes. That  Colonel  John  Holder  be  appointed  to  com- 
mand the  troops  in  this  service. 

"In  consequence  of  these  measures,  it  appears  to  your 
committee  that  a  body  of  men  have  been  enlisted,  and  are 
now  recruiting  for  one  year;  that  General  Clark  hath  taken 

*  Dillon's  History  of  Indiana,  p.  199. 


COI.ONEL  15ENJAMIN  I.OGAn's  EXPEDITION.  815 


the  supreme  direction  of  the  corps,  but  by  what  authority 
dotli  not  appear;  and  that  the  corps  hath  been  further  of- 
ficered b}'  appointments  made  by  General  Clark,  who 
acknowledges  that  the  seizure  of  the  Spanish  property  was 
made  by  his  order  for  the  sole  purpose  of  clothing  and 
subsisting  the  troops;  and  that  the  goods  seized  were  ap- 
propriated in  this  way.  That  John  Rice  Jones,  who  acts 
as  commissary  to  the  garrison,  had  passed  receipts  for  the 
articles  taken. 

"The  general  alleges  that  the  troops  were  raised  for  the 
security  of  the  district;  that  he  considers  them  subject  to 
the  direction  of  this  committee,  who  may  discharge  them, 
if  they  think  proper,  but  conceives  this  measure  may  pre- 
vent the  proposed  treaty,  and  involve  this  country  in  a 
bloody  war.  He  denies  any  intention  of  depredating  on 
the  Spanish  possessions  or  property  at  the  Illinois,  and  de- 
clares that  he  never  saw  the  intercepted  letter  from  Thomas 
Green.  That  he  understood  Green's  object  was  to  estab- 
lish a  settlement  at  or  near  the  Gaso  river,  under  the  au- 
thority of  the  state  of  Georgia;  that  his  view  was,  b}- 
encouraging-  the  settlement,  to  obtain  a  small  grant  of  land; 
and  that  he  had  no  idea  of  molesting  the  Spaniards,  or  of 
attending  Green  in  person. 

"He  informed  the  committee  that  the  garrison  now  at  Post 
Vincennes  is  about  one  hundred  strong,  and  that  the  mer- 
chants at  the  Illinois  had  determined  to  support  it,  for  which 
purpose  they  had  sent  for  the  commissary,  Jones,  to  re- 
ceive provisions.  That  Major  Bosseron  was  sent  to  the 
Illinois  to  advise  the  settlers  there  of  certain  seizures  made 
at   Natchez,  of  American   property,  by  the   Spanish  com- 


8l6  C'OLOXEL  BENJAMIN  LOGAN'S  EXPEDITION. 

mandant,  and  to  recommend  it  to  them  to  conciliate  the 
minds  of  the  Indians,  and  be  prepared  to  retaliate  any 
outrage  the  Spaniards  might  commit  on  their  property j 
but  by  no  means  to  coinmence  hostilities. 

"Thomas  Todd,  Clerk  Committee." 

Colonel  Benjamin  Logan,  president  of  the  board  of 
officers  at  the  Danville  meeting  at  the  time  the  campaign 
against  the  Indians  was  determined  upon,  led  a  branch  of 
the  expedition  against  the  Indians  at  the  Shawnee  towns 
early  in  October,  which  was  fortunately  more  successful 
than  the  main  expedition.  He  led  nearly  eight  hundred 
men,  and  met  but  little  resistance,  the  principal  Indians 
having  gone  to  oppose  Clark's  troops.  He,  however,  de- 
stroyed the  cabins,  corn  and  other  provisions,  killing  ten 
of  the  savages  and  taking  about  thirty  prisoners.  The 
campaign  lasted  only  a  few  weeks. 

Colonel  Logan  was  a  man  of  much  experience  in  these 
matters  and  familiar  with  all  the  circumstances  of  Clark's 
campaign.  He  wrote  a  letter  to  the  governor  of  Virginia 
December  13,  1786,  in  which  he  said:  "I  have  had  the 
opportunity  to  be  in  company  with  General  Clark  since  his 
return  from  the  expedition  on  the  north  side  of  the  Ohio 
river.  He  informs  me  he  has  agreed  with  the  chiefs  of 
the  western  tribes  that  hostilities  should  cease  until  the  first 
day  of  April  next,  at  which  time  he  had  appointed  to  hold 
a  treat}'  with  the  nations  of  the  Opost,  and  that  he  had 
ordered  an  officer  to  recruit  two  hundred  and  fifty  men, 
which  orders  were  nearly  complied  with.  Those  men  were 
to  keep  possession  of  an  American  garrison  at  that  place, 


CI.ARK  SOl'RED  AND  DISAPPOINTED.  817 


and  to  keep  the  Indians  in  terror  until  a  treaty.     These 
proceedings,  I  think,  (were)  wise  and  prudent."* 

The  severity  of  the  blows,  that  followed  the  failure  of  the 
campaign  against  the  Wabash  Indians,  added  to  his  previous 
dismissal  from  the  service  of  Virginia  three  years  before, 
told  upon  General  Clark  now  with  terrible  effect.  What- 
ever else  may  be  said  he  had  served  his  country  faithfully 
and  well,  and  had  rendered  valuable  sei'vices,  but  every- 
thing seemed  now  to  have  turned  against  him.  He  felt 
that  he  was  not  only  neglected,  misunderstood  and  mis- 
represented, but  treated  with  positive  injustice. 

He  now,  more  frequently  than  ever,  endeavored  to  drown 
his  disappointments  and  sorrows  in  drink,  and  at  last,  even 

It  is  countenance  took  on  a  sterner  and 

/  \       more  forbidding  look  than  it  wore  in  his 

\  ounger   and    brighter    da}'s.     This    is 
shown  in   his  portrait  taken  at  this  pe- 
riod, now  in  the  Vincennes  University, 
^^JK^  J^^BJIL      and  reproduced  here.    He  was  so  thor- 
^K[_^J^^^Bi      oughly  soured  and  disgusted  with  it  all 
GEORGE  R,  CLARK.       that,  It  Is  Said,  he  at  one  time  meditated 
removing  from  the  country,  and  applied  for  a  grant  of  land 
in  the   Spanish  territory,   with    a   view   of   establishing  a 
colony  therej  but  this  was  probabl)'  no  more  than  an  angry 
impulse  which  he  never  really  intended  to  carry  out.      But 
there  is  no  doubt  he  was  deeply  piqued  at  the  neglect  and 
bad  treatment  which  he  felt  that  he  had  unjustly  received. 
In  a  letter  written  Judge  Innes   of  Kentucky,  March  7, 
1 791,  Mr.  Jefferson,  then  secretary  of  state,  said,  "Will  it 

*Virginia  State  Papers,  Vol.  4,  p.  202. 


ISSUliS  A  PROCLAMATION. 


not  be  possible  for  you  to  bring  General  Clark  forward  ?  I 
know  the  greatness  of  his  mind,  and  am  the  more  mortified 
at  the  cause  which  obscures  it.  Had  not  this  unhappily 
taken  place,  there  was  nothing  he  might  not  have  hoped; 
could  it  be  surmounted,  his  lost  ground  might  3'et  be  recov- 
ered. No  man  alive  rated  him  higher  than  I  did  and  would 
again,  were  he  to  become  again  what  I  knew  him.  'AVe 
are  made  to  hope  he  is  engaged  in  writing  the  account  of 
his  expeditions  noith  of  Ohio.  They  will  be  valuable 
morsels  of  history,  and  will  justify  to  the  world  those  who 
have  told  them  how  great  he  was.'  " 

He  never  recovered  from  these  blows,  or  i-egained  a 
prominent  militar)-  position.  The  nearest  he  came  to  it 
was  in  1793  when  he  accepted  froin  agents  of  the  French 
government,  then  in  the  United  States,  a  commission, 
with  the  high  sounding  title  of  "major-general  in  the 
armies  of  France  and  commander-in-chief  of  the  revolution- 
ary legions  on  the  ^Mississippi."  The  acceptance  of  this 
commission  was  the  greatest  mistake  of  his  career.  Always 
before  he  had  been  an  officer  of  his  own  country,  and  his 
sword  had  onl}'  been  drawn  in  behalf  of  his  own  country- 
men. 

The  ostensible  object,  as  far  as  Clark  was  concerned, 
was  to  lead  a  force  of  two  thousand  men,  in  the  name  of 
the  French  republic,  against  New  Orleans  and  the  Spanish 
possessions  on  the  lower  ^Mississippi,  with  a  view  of  revolu- 
tionizing the  Spanish  control  and  government  of  that  region. 
It  is  not  for  a  moinent  reasonable  to  believe  that  Clark 
meant  that  it  should  work  any  injury  to  his  own  country, 
but  thought  it  would  open  the  Mississippi  river  to  American 


ISSUKS  A   I'ROC'LAMATION.  819 


use  which  had  so  long  been  denied  by  the  selfishness  and 
injustice  of  Spain.  In  fact  opening  the  Mississippi  to  trade 
was  one  of  the  main  objects  contemplated,  as  will  be  seen 
from  the  "proposals'"  for  volunteers  issued  by  General  Clark 
which  is  given  here  entire.    It  is  as  follows: 


to 


''GEORGE  R.   CLARK,   ESQUIRE, 

"Major-general  in  the  armies  of   France  and  commander- 
in-chief  of  the  French  Revolutionary  Legion 
on  the  Mississippi  river. 

' '  Proposals 
"For  raising  volunteers  for  the  reduction  of  the  Spanish 
posts  on  the  Mississippi,  for  opening  the  trade  of  the 
said  river  and  giving  freedom  to  all  its  inhabitants,  etc. 
"All  persons  serving  the  expedition  to  be  entitled  to  one 
thousand  acres  of  land.  Those  that  engage  for  one  year  will 
be  entitled  to  two  thousand  acres — if  they  served  two  ^'ears 
or  during  the  present  war  with  France  the}-  will  have  three 
thousand  acres,  of  anv  unappropriated  land  that  ma}'  be 
conquered — the  officers  in  proportion;  pa}',  etc.,  as  other 
French  troops.  All  lawful  plunder  to  be  equall}'  divided 
agreeable  to  the  custom  of  war.  All  necessaries  will  be 
provided  for  the  enterprise,  and  every  precaution  taken  to 
cause  the  return  of  those  who  wish  to  quit  the  service,  as 
comfortable  as  possible,  and  a  reasonable  number  of  daj's 
allowed  them  to  return,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time 
their  pay  will  cease.  All  persons  will  be  commissioned 
agreeable  to  the  number  of  men  the}'  bring  into  the  field. 


SiO       FREE  NAVIGATION  OF  THE  MISSISSIPPI  DEMANDED. 

Those  that  serve  the  expedition  will  have  their  choice  of 
receiving  their  land,  or  one  dollar  per  day. 

"  [A  cop3'.J  G.  R.  Clark."  * 

The  revolution  in  France  had  made  an  entire  change  in 
the  relations  existing  between  that  country  and  Spain. 
Then  the  governments  were  friendl}',  now  they  were  hostile. 
Genet,  the  minister  of  the  French  republic  to  the  Amer- 
ican government,  pi'esuming  upon  the  universality  of  rev- 
olutionary ideas  at  that  time,  as  well  as  the  previous 
friendship  between  France  and  the  young  republic,  as- 
sumed a  tone  and  an  attitude  justly  offensive  to  the  gen- 
eral government  of  the  United  States. 

As  between  France  and  Spain  the  sympathy  of  the  Ameri- 
cans was  generally  with  the  former,  not  only  because  of 
the  old  friendly  associations,  but  because  of  republican  ideas 
then  developing  in  France,  the  objectionable  features  of 
which  were  not  yet  known  and  understood  in  America;  but 
the  strongest  reason  of  all  was  the  dislike  of  Spain,  because 
of  her  long  and  persistent  denial  of  the  free  navigation  of 
the  jNIississippi  to  the  Americans. 

The  Mississippi  river  was  then  the  only  practical  route  for 
the  products  of  the  west  to  find  a  market,  and  the  free  navi- 
gation of  that  river  was  a  matter  of  paramount  necessity  to 
the  western  people.  As  a  natural  result  their  dislike  of 
Spain  was  almost  universal,  at  the  time  of  this  movement 
of  General  Clark.  The  failure  of  the  general  government 
to  secure  free  navigation  to  the  sea  led  some  to  believe 
the  government  indifferent  to  the  essential  interests  of  the 

*Copied  into  the  Kentucky  Gazette  of  February  8,  1794,  from  "the  Centinel 
of  the  Northwestern  Territory,  Cincinnati,  January  25,  i794-" 


GOVERNOR  ISAAC  SHELBv's  Ol'lNION.  iSil 


west,  to  such  an  extent  as  to  cause  them  to  contemplate  an 
independent  western  state,  or  some  new  combination  that 
would  secure  free  trade  on  that  river. 

The  general  feeling  against  Spain  and  sympathy  with 
France,  for  the  reasons  stated,  induced  the  people  to  look 
on  Clark's  movement  with  indulgence,  notwithstanding  it 
was  a  technical  violation  of  international  law,  and  severely 
condemned  by  the  general  government,  which  had  re- 
quested Isaac  Shelby,  the  governor  of  Kentuck}-,  to  stop 
the  expedition.  Governor  Shelby,  like  most  Kentuckians, 
however,  was  in  evident  sympathy  with  General  Clark, 
and  he  answered  the  request  January  13,  1794,  as  follows: 

"  I  have  great  doubts,  even  if  they  attempt  to  carry  this 
plan  into  execution,  provided  they  manage  their  business 
with  prudence,  whether  there  is  any  legal  authority  to  re- 
strain or  to  -punish  them,  at  least  before  they  have  actually 
accomplished  it.  For,  if  it  is  lawful  for  an}'  one  citizen  of 
the  state  to  leave  it,  it  is  equally  so  for  any  number  of  them 
to  do  it.  It  is  also  lawful  for  them  to  carr}^  any  quantity 
of  provisions,  arms  and  ainmunition.  And  if  the  act  is 
lawful  in  itself,  there  is  nothing  but  the  particular  intention 
with  which  it  is  done  that  can  possibly  make  it  unlawful; 
but  I  know  of  no  law  which  inflicts  a  punishment  on  in- 
tention only,  or  any  criterion  by  which  to  decide  what 
would  be  a  sufficient  evidence  of  that  intention,  even  if  it 
was  a  proper  subject  for  legal  censure.  ...  I  shall 
also  feel  but  little  inclination  to  take  an  active  part  in  pun- 
ishing or  restraining  any  of  mv  fellow-citizens  for  a  sup- 
posed intention  only,  to  gratify  the  fears  of  the  minister  of 
a  prince  who  openly  withholds  from  us  an  invaluable  right, 


EXPEDITION  ABANDONED. 


and  who  secretl}'  instigates  against  us  a  most  savage  and 
cruel  enemy." 

On  the  5th  of  June,  1794,  congress  enacted  an  addi- 
tional law,  intended  to  prevent  such  an  expedition  as  the 
one  contemplated  b}'  General  Clark.  The  necessity  of 
this  new  legislation,  Governor  Shelby  claimed,  proved 
the  correctness  of  his  position,  "and  that,  until  the  passage 
of  that  law,  the  offense  had  not  been  declared,  nor  the 
punishment  defined."  The  governor  was  also  of  opinion 
that  the  inovement  proved  beneficial  to  the  country,  in 
showing  the  authorities  of  the  general  government  that  the 
people  of  the  west  were  dissatisfied  and  terribly  in  earnest 
in  determining  to  have  the  Mississippi  opened  for  com- 
merce and  trade.  It  was  regarded  as  fair  warning  that 
they  intended  to  have  it,  no  matter  at  what  cost,  and  it  no 
doubt  spurred  on  the  authorities  to  more  speedy  and  effec- 
tive measures  to  secure  it. 

Assurances,  quietly  given,  that  earnest  efforts  were  now 
being  made  in  that  direction,  doubtless  proved  quite  as  ef- 
fectual as  anything  else  in  causing  the  expedition  to  be 
abandoned.  It  is  gratifying  to  believe  that,  after  all,  this 
contemplated  expedition  of  General  Clark,  unauthorized 
b}'  government,  and  irregular  as  it  was,  proved  a  benefit  to 
his  country.  This  was  the  common  belief  of  the  leading 
men  of  the  west  at  that  time,  as  well  as  of  Governor 
Shelby. 

The  general  government,  finding  that  the  governor 
would  not  interfere,  issued  a  proclamation  on  the  24th  of 
March  following,  declaring  the  proposed  movement  un- 
lawful, and  followed  it  up  by  ordering  General  Wayne  to 


BENEFICIAL  RESULTS.  823 


establish  a  force  at  Fort  r\Iassac,  if  needed,  to  prevent  the 
expedition  going-  down  the  river.  It  was  not  necessary, 
however;  for,  in  addition  to  the  reason  already  given,  the 
sober  second  thought,  coupled  with  the  recall  of  Genet  to 
France,  and  this  action  of  the  general  government,  caused 
the  expedition  to  be  abandoned.  This  was  the  last  effort 
of  General  Clark's  military  career,  and  the  last  mention  of 
hiin  in  connection  with  any  military  enterprise,  contem- 
plated or  otherwise. 

That  Spain  deser\^ed  little  consideration  from  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States  is  shown  by  the  fact  that 
for  vears  her  emissaries  intrigued  to  induce  the  western 
people  to  inaugurate  a  separate  government,  using  large 
suins  of  mone)'  to  that  end,  and  offering  the  much- 
coveted  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi,  and  other  valu- 
able rewards.  Fortunatel}'  for  the  republic,  these  efforts 
were  not  successful,  and  the  free  navigation  was  at  last 
nominally  secured  by  treaty  in  October,  1795,  but  never 
completely  and  satisfactorily  so  until  the  purchase  of 
Louisiana  by  the  United  States  in   1803. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

CLARK'S  GRANT— THE  OFFICERS  AND  SOLDIERS  OF  THE 

ILLINOIS  REGIMENT,  AND  THE  LAND 

ALLOTTED  TO  EACH. 

i)T  will  be  remembered  that  at  the  time  the  Illinois 
campaign  was  inaugurated,  George  AVythe,  George 
Mason  and  Thomas  Jefferson  wrote  a  joint  letter  to  George 
Rogers  Clark,  congratulating  him  upon  his  appointment  to 
conduct  so  important  an  enterprise,  and  most  heartily  wish- 
ing him  success.  The  letter  then  gave  him  this  assurance  : 
"We  have  no  doubt  that  some  further  rewards  in  lands  in 
the  country  will  be  given  to  the  volunteers  who  shall  en- 
gage in  this  service  in  addition  to  the  usual  pa}',  if  the}'  are 
so  fortunate  as  to  succeed.  We  think  it  just  and  reason- 
able that  each  volunteer,  entering  as  a  common  soldier  in 
this  expedition,  should  be  allowed  three  hundred  aci'es  of 
land  and  the  officers  in  the  usual  proportion,  out  of  the 
lands  which  may  be  conquered  in  the  country  now  in  pos- 
session of  the  Indians,  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  the  claims 
of  any  friendly  Indians,  or  any  people  willing  to  become 
subjects  of  this  commonwealth ;  and  for  this  we  think  you 
may  safely  confide  in  the  justice  and  generosity  of  the  Vir- 
ginia assembly."  A  fac-simile  of  this  historic  letter,  dated 
January  3,   1778,   has  already  been   given  in  a  previous 

(825) 


^26  ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IX    CLARK"s    GRANT 


chapter,  and  these  gentlemen,  no  doubt,  exercised  all  their 
influence  to  carr}-  out  the  assurances  then  given. 

On  the  id  of  January,  1781,  the  general  assembly  of 
Virginia  adopted  a  resolution  providing  that,  "as  Colonel 
George  Rogers  Clark  planned  and  executed  the  secret  ex- 
pedition b}'  which  the  British  posts  were  reduced,  and  was 
promised  if  the  enterprise  succeeded  a  liberal  gratuity  in 
lands  in  that  countr-s'  for  the  ofBcers  and  soldiers  who  first 
marched  thither  with  him,  that  a  quantity  of  land  not  ex- 
ceeding one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  acres  be  allowed 
and  granted  to  the  said  officers  and  soldiers,  and  the  other 
officers  and  soldiers  that  have  been  since  incorporated  into 
the  said  regiment,  to  be  laid  off  in  one  tract,  the  length  of 
which  not  to  exceed  double  the  breadth,  in  such  place  on 
the  northwest  side  of  the  Ohio  as  the  majority  of  the  of- 
ficers shall  choose,  and  to  be  afterwards  divided  among  the 
said  officers  and  soldiers  in  due  proportion  according  to 
the  laws  of  Virginia."  * 

In  17S3  another  act  was  passed  by  Virginia,  "for  locat- 
ing and  surveying  the  one  hundred  and  fift}'  thousand  acres 
of  land  granted  by  a  resolution  of  assembly  to  Colonel 
George  Rogers  Clai-k,  and  the  officers  and  soldiers  who 
assisted  in  the  reduction  of  the  British  posts  in  the  Illinois: 

"i?ie  //  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly,  That  William 
Fleming,  John  Edwards,  John  Campbell,  Walker  Daniel, 
gentlemen,  and  George  Rogers  Clark,  John  Montgomery, 
Abraham  Chaplin,  John  Bailey,  Robert  Todd,  and  William 
Clark,  officers  in  the  Illinois  regiment,  shall  be  and  they 
are  hereby  constituted  a  board  of  commissioners,  and  that 

*Hening,  lo,  565. 


TO   THE    ILLINOIS    REGIMENT.  827 


they,  or  the  major  part  of  them,  shall  settle  and  determine 
the  claims  to  land  under  the  said  resolution.  That  the  re- 
spective claimants  shall  give  in  their  claims  to  the  said  com- 
missioners on  or  before  the  first  da}-  of  April,  one  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  eighty-four;  and,  if  approved  and  al- 
lowed, shall  pay  down  to  the  said  commissioners  one  dollar 
for  ever}-  hundred  acres  of  such  claim,  to  enable  them  to 
survey  and  apportion  the  said  lands.  The  said  commis- 
sioners shall  appoint  a  principal  surveyor  who  shall  have 
power  to  appoint  his  deputies,  to  be  approved  by  the  said 
commissioners,  and  to  contract  with  him  for  his  fees.  That 
from  and  after  the  said  first  day  of  April,  one  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  eighty-four,  the  said  commissioners,  or 
the  inajor  part  of  them,  shall  proceed  with  the  surveyor  to 
lay  off  the  said  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  acres  of  land 
on  the  northwest  side  of  the  Ohio  river,  the  length  of  which 
shall  not  exceed  double  the  breadth;  and,  after  laying  out 
one  thousand  acres  at  the  most  convenient  place  therein  for 
a  town,  shall  proceed  to  lay  out  and  surve}'  the  residue,  and 
divide  the  same  by  fair  and  equal  lot  among  the  claimants; 
but  no  lot  or  survey  shall  exceed  five  hundred  acres.  That 
the  said  commissioners,  in  their  apportionments  of  the  said 
land,  shall  govern  themselves  by  the  allowances  made  by 
law  to  the  officers  and  soldiers  in  the  Continental  army. 
That  the  said  commissioners  shall,  as  soon  as  may  be,  after 
the  said  one  hundred  and  forty-nine  thousand  acres  shall 
be  surveyed,  cause  a  plat  thereof,  certified  on  oath,  to  be 
returned  to  the  register's  office,  and  thereupon  a  patent 
shall  issue  to  the  said  commissioners  or  the  survivors  of 

them,  who  shall  hold  the  same  in  trust  for  the  respective 

53 


828  ALLOT^IENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARk's    GRAN7 


claimants;  and  they,  oi"  the  major  part  of  therri,  shall  there- 
after, upon  application,  execute  good  and  sufficient  deeds 
for  conveying  the  several  portions  of  land  to  the  said  officers 
and  soldiers/'  * 

The  land  was  selected  on  the  north  side  of  the  Ohio  river, 
extending  from  below  the  falls,  a  little  below  Silver  creek, 
up  the  river  to  the  upper  end  of  Eighteen  Mile  Island.  It 
is  situated  in  Clark,  Floyd  and  Scott  counties,  Indiana,  but 
mainly  in  the  first  named  county.  It  was,  in  early  times, 
generally  called  "IllinoisGrant,''  but  now,  more  frequentl}-, 
"Clark's  Grant,"'  or, simply,  "TheGrant."  The  locationof 
the  land  was  vested  by  the  law  "in  a  majority  of  the  offi- 
cers," but  the  tract  selected  was  always  a  favorite  locality 
with  General  Clark,  and  his  choice  was  adopted  by  common 
consent. 

William  Clark  was  appointed  principal  surveyor  of  the 
grant,  and  he  proceeded  with  a  corps  of  four  assistant  sur- 
veyors, Edmund  Rogers,  David  Steel,  Peter  Catlett  and 
Burwell  Jackson,  to  la}^  it  off  into  tracts,  intended,  gener- 
all}^  to  contain  five  hundred  acres  each,  but  some  of  the 
surveys  were  very  carelessly  made.  The  errors,  however, 
were  almost  invariably  on  the  side  of  the  soldier,  as  the 
tracts  often  over-ran  in  quantity',  and  but  seldom  if  ever  fell 
below  it. 

Historians  have  been  bothered  a  good  deal  to  identify 
this  Williain  Clark.  Some  have  supposed  he  was  the  Will- 
iam Clark,  brother  of  General  George  Rogers  Clark,  who 
afterwards  became  very  prominent  in  connection  with  Mer- 
riweather  Lewis,  in  making  the  first  exploration  to  the 
Pacific,  under  the  auspices  of  President  Jefferson;  others 

*Blackford's  Indiana  Reports,  Vol.  i,  Appendix. 


TO    THE    Il.LINOIS    REGIMENT.  829 


ha^•e  supposed  he  was  the  WiUiam  Clark  who  was  one  of 
the  first  United  States  judges  of  Indiana  Territory.  He 
was  neither.  He  was  the  WiUiani  Clark  heretofore  re- 
ferred to  as  the  son  of  Benjamin  Ciark,  and  was  the 
brother  of  INIarston  Green  Clark,  and  cousin  of  George 
Rogers  Clark.  He  was  decidedly  a  man  of  affairs  and  of 
tine  abilit}'.  He  probably  had  more  to  do  in  formulating 
the  boundaries  and  allotting  the  lands  in  Clark's  Grant 
than  an}'  other  one  person.  The  official  plat  was  his  work, 
and,  besides  being  principal  surve3'or,  he  was  one  of  the 
commissioners,  and  sometimes  clerk  of  the  board.  He  was, 
in  fact,  the  general  utility  man  of  the  concern,  and  acquired 
a  considerable  estate  in  lands.  His  will  has  never  been 
published  as  far  as  the  author  has  been  able  to  learn,  and  is 
given  hei"e  in  full,  as  it  throws  considerable  light  upon  the 
members  of  his  branch  of  the  Clark  family.  He  died  in 
November,  or  early  in  December,  1791. 

The  Will  of  William  Clark,  the  Surveyor. 

"In  the  name  of  God,  amen.  I,  William  Clark,  of  Jef- 
ferson county,  and  District  of  Kentucky,  late  of  Clarksville, 
being  of  perfect  memory  and  knowing  the  uncertainty  of 
this  life,  do  make  and  declare  this  to  be  mj?  last  will  and 
testament  in  the  manner  following.  First  desiring  that  my 
body  may  be  decentl}-  interred  at  the  discretion  of  m}-  execu- 
tors hereafter  named.  And  as  for  my  temporal  estate  after 
all  my  just  debts  are  paid,  I  give,  bequeath  and  dispose  of 
in  the  following  manner: 

"It  is  my  will  and  desire  that  the  bond  paj^able  to  Will- 
iam Croghan  may  be  discharged  by  a  certificate  now  in  my 


830  ALLOTMENT   OF   LAND    IN    CLARK'S    GRANT 

possession,  the  residue  of  said  certificate  to  be  applied  as 
far  as  it  will  go  to  the  discharge  of  a  bond  given  to  Richard 
Morris,  and  that  the  balance  of  said  bond  be  discharged  by 
my  executors  in  the  most  speedy  manner  they  may  devise: 

"  It  is  my  will  and  desire  and  I  do  hereby  give  my  lov- 
ing brother  Marston  Greene  Clark  a  tract  containing  two 
hundred  and  frfty  acres  of  land  in  Jefferson  county  and 
lying  on  Bear  Grass,  to  him,  the  said  Marston  Green,  his 
heirs  and  assigns. 

"  It  is  my  will  and  desire,  and  I  do  hereby  give  to  iny 
loving  brother  Benjamin  Wilson  Clark  and  my  loving  sis- 
ter Lucy  Pool  a  tract  containing  nine  hundred  and  thirty 
acres  of  land,  to  them  and  their  heirs  and  assigns,  lying  in 
the  lands  given  by  the  state  of  Virginia  to  the  officers  and 
soldiers  of  the  Virginia  state  line,  it  being  a  part  of  my 
claiin  for  military  services  performed  the  last  war,  to  be 
equally  divided  in  quantity  and  quality.  And  if  my  brother 
Benjamin  Wilson  and  sister  Lucy  can  not  agree  on  a  divis- 
ion my  executors  are  to  have  a  division  made  for  them. 

"  It  is  my  will  and  desire,  and  I  do  hereby  give  to  my 
loving  brothers  Jonathan  and  Everard  Clark,  to  them,  their 
heirs  and  assigns,  a  tract  containing  one  thousand  acres  of 
land  lying  on  Russell's  creek  including  a  noted  burning 
spring,  to  be  equally  divided  as  above. 

"  It  is  my  will  and  desire,  and  I  do  hereby  give  to  my 
loving  brother  Benjamin  Wilson  Clark  one  tract  containing 
four  hundred  acres  in  the  Illinois  Grant,  it  being  part  of 
number  thirty-one,  to  him,  his  heirs  and  assigns. 

"  It  is  my  will  and  desire,  and  I  do  hereby  give  to  my 
loving  brother  Jonathan  Clark,  to  him,  his  heirs  and  as- 


TO   THE    ILLINOIS    REGIMENT.  83 1 


signs,  one  tract  containing  five  hundred  acres  in  the  lUinois 
Grant,  number  twenty-four.  It  is  ni}-  will  and  desire,  and 
I  do  hereb}'  give  to  my  loving  brother  Everard  Clark,  to 
him,  his  heirs  and  assigns  a  tract  containing  five  hundred 
acres  of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant,  number  ninety-six.  It 
is  m-v  will  and  desire,  and  I  do  hereby  give  to  my  loving 
sister  Lucy  Pool,  to  her,  her  heirs  and  assigns,  one  tract 
containing  five  hundred  acres  of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant, 
nuinber  one  hundred  and  sixty. 

"  It  is  my  will  and  desire,  and  I  do  hereby  give  to  my 
loving  brother  Marston  Green  Clark  all  my  wearing  ap- 
parel, a  cow  and  calf,  a  sorrel  mare,  my  desk,  after  my 
executors  shall  have  finished  the  business  of  in}-  estate  ;  also 
m}-  lots  and  houses  in  the  town  of  Clarksville  I  lend  him 
for  the  term  of  three  3'ears  from  the  date  of  my  decease, 
and  if  either  of  m}^  brothers  or  sister  comes  to  this  coun- 
try to  live,  within  the  space  of  three  years  after  my  de- 
cease, then  he  or  she  so  coming  shall  have  the  lots  and 
houses  aforesaid,  but  if  neither  of  them  comes  in  that  time 
then  the  lots,  etc.,  are  to  remain  the  property  of  Marston 
Green  Clark,  to  him,  his  heirs  and  assigns.  Also  I  give  to 
said  Marston  Green  Clark  one  negro  man,  Lewis,  for  seven 
years,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time  it  is  my  wish  said 
negro  Lewis  shall  be  liberated.  It  is  my  will  and  desire 
after  my  decease  that  my  executors  present  my  friend  and 
relation  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Anderson  with  my  watch,  as  a 
memorial  of  my  esteem  and  regard. 

"  It  is  my  wish  and  desire  that  the  remainder  of  my  estate, 
viz. :  Five  hundred  acres  of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant  num- 
ber two  hundred  and  seventy-two,  two  hundred  acres  in 


832 

said  grant  at  the  forks  of  Silver  creek,  the  remainder  of 
my  military  warrant,  seven  hundred  and  thirty-three  and 
two-third  acres,  together  with  m}'  gun,  my  surveyor's  in- 
struments, my  gra}'  horse,  saddle  and  bridle,  be  disposed 
of  at  the  discretion  of  my  executors  and  the  money  arising 
from  such  sale  to  be  applied  to  the  payment  of  the  bond 
payable  to  Richard  Morris,  and  the  overplus,  if  any,  be 
equall}'  divided  amongst  the  above  legatees,  Marston  Green 
Clark  only  excepted. 

"Lastly,  it  is  mj'  will  and  desire,  and  I  do  hereby  ap- 
point my  trusty  friends,  Richard  Clough  Anderson,  Will- 
iam Croghan  and  Richard  Terrell,  executors  of  this,  my 
last  will  and  testament,  hereby  revoking  all  other  wills. 
Signed  this  eleventh  day  of  November,  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  ninety-one." 

This  will  was  proven  December  6,  1791,  in  Jefferson 
count}-,  Kentuck}' ,  by  the  oaths  of  John  Clark,  George  R. 
Clark  and  James  O' Fallon,  witnesses  thereto,  and  ordered 
to  be  recorded. 

The  Virginia  law  vested  in  the  same  commissioners  one 
thousand  acres  of  land  to  be  platted  into  half  acre  lots,  with 
convenient  streets,  for  a  town,  to  be  called  Clarksville. 
This  was  laid  off  just  above  where  Silver  creek  empties  into 
the  Ohio  at  the  falls,  as  will  hereafter  be  more  particularly 
shown,  with  other  proceedings  in  relation  to  said  town. 
After  deducting  the  town  site,  one  hundred  and  forty-nine 
thousand  acres  remained  to  be  divided  between  "the  offi- 
cers and  soldiers  who  assisted  in  the  reduction  of  the  British 
posts  in  the  Illinois,"  and,  after  it  was  surveyed,  a  patent 


VO    THE    ILLINOIS    REGIMENT.  CS33 

was  issued  for  the  land,  December  14,  1786,  a  fac-simile  of 
which,  reduced  one-half  in  size,  is  given  in  this  chapter. 
The  original  of  this  important  document  is  on  parchment, 
with  holes  eaten  in  it  by  mice,  or  insects,  as  shown  in  the 
fac-simile. 

The  board  met  at  Louisville,  in  17S4,  for  the  puipose  of 
allotting  the  land,  and  on  the  3d  of  August  of  that  year 
came  to  the  following  important  conclvisions  as  to  the  class 
of  officers  and  soldiers  entitled  to  share  in  the  same,  namely: 
''That  all  officers  and  soldiers  who  marched  and  continued 
in  service  till  the  reduction  of  the  British  posts  on  the  north- 
west side  of  the  Ohio,  that  all  who  engaged  and  enlisted  in 
the  Illinois  regiment  afterwards,  and  served  during  the  war, 
or  three  years,  are  entitled  to  a  share  of  the  grant  under  the 
resolution  and  act  of  assembl}',  and  that  those  soldiers  who 
have  enlisted  in  said  regiment  since  the  2d  day  of  January', 
1781,  for  three  years,  or  during  the  war,  are  not  entitled, 
as  there  seems  to  be  no  provisions  made  under  the  resolu- 
tion for  those  who  should  thereafter  be  incorporated  in  the 
said  regiment;  that  the  officers  of  the  regiment  are  en- 
titled to  a  share  of  the  land  in  proportion  to  the  commis- 
sions they  respective  1}'  held  on  the  said  2d  day  of  Januarj-, 
1 781,  and  not  in  proportion  to  the  commissions  they  have 
since  held  in  consequence  of  promotions,  and  that  therefore 
officers  commissioned  since  that  period  are  not  entitled  at 
all;  and  that  those  soldiers  who  enlisted  to  serve  twelve 
months  after  their  arrival  at  Kaskaskia,  agreeable  to  an  act 
of  assembly  of  the  fall  session  of  1778,  for  the  protection 
and  defense  of  the  Illinois  country,  who  did  not  re-enlist  in 
the  regiment,   are   not    included   in   said    resolution;   that 


J^y^^     M^A^     <^^krSr..    ^/^o^^J^^^.^J,,^^^ 


<^   pi 


x^         ^  tC^  ^2C--^  ^^  /^^^  ^''  o^A^.^  ^^zi^  J^^.^  ^5C^.^  ^ 


t,-^(:    e-^t^Ztr--^^  cC-^  ^^ 


c-i^l^L' ri^''--jyj        I,-!.- - -T^ -i 


/ 

FAC-SIMILE,  reduced  one-half,  of 

VIRGINIA  PATENT  FOR  LAND  IN  CLARK'S  GRANT,  INDIANA 

«5rN0TE.— This  fac-simile  occupies  two  pages.     See  opposite  page 


/L^-*.^w^^. 


FAC-SIMILE,  reduced  one-hall,  of 

VIRGENIA  PATENT  FOR  LAND  IN  CLARK'S  GRANT,  INDIANA 

/I®"NOTE.— This  fac°-simile  occupies  two  pages.     See  opposite  page. 


836  ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARK'S    GRANT 


those  officers  who  were  commissioned  under  said  act  and 
resigned  before  tlie  expiration  of  the  twelve  months  are  not 
entitled;  last  that  those  who  continued  during  the  year  and 
then  retired,  not  having  a  command,  are  entitled." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners,  October  10,  1787, 
the  scope  of  the  order  was  enlarged  so  as  to  include  "the 
officers  and  soldiers  who  were  left  at  the  falls  by  order  of 
Colonel  Clark,  when  the  detachment  were  going  against 
the  Illinois,  be  allowed  quota  of  land  in  the  grant." 

In  view  of  the  way  the  troops  were  raised,  the  irregu- 
larity of  the  terms  of  service,  and  there  being  different 
campaigns,  with  not  the  same  soldiers  in  each,  it  was  a 
difficult  and  delicate  matter  to  determine,  exactly,  M'ho 
"assisted  in  the  reduction  of  the  British  posts  in  the  Illinois," 
or  \^'hat  officers  and  soldiers  were  entitled  to  the  share  in 
the  land  under  the  law. 

The  commissioners,  however,  after  long  and  careful  in- 
vestigation decided  who  were  entitled,  and  the  quantit}'  of 
land  that  should  be  allotted  to  each;  but,  in  the  meantime, 
many  of  the  land  claims  had  been  sold  and  transferred  by 
the  persons  designated,  and  deeds  for  the  land,  in  such  cases, 
did  not  issue  in  their  names,  but  in  the  names  of  the  per- 
sons then  owning  the  claims. 

In  consequence  of  this,  and  the  mixing  in  of  the  names 
of  persons  who  only  served  under  Clark  in  his  subsequent 
campaigns  against  the  Indians,  a  correct  list  of  the  officers 
and  soldiers  of  the  Illinois  Regiment  who  "  assisted  in  the 
reduction  of  the  British  posts,"  and  were  allotted  land 
under  the  law,  has  never  before  been  published.  At  least 
the  author,  after  the  most  diligent  search,  has  never  been 


TO    THE    ILLINOIS    REGIMENT.  837 


able  to  find  any  such  list,  although  he  has  found  several 
which  were  clearly  misleading  and  erroneous. 

The  following  roll  was  made  with  great  care  and  labor, 
tracing  the  title  of  every  tract  of  land  back  to  the  person 
who  served  for  it.  It  is  confidently  believed  that  it  is  cor- 
rect, and  that  it  is  the  onl}-  full  and  complete  list  of  those 
who  were  allotted  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant,  for  services  un- 
der General  Clark,  ever  published.  It  is  quite  certain  no 
one  is  on  the  list  who  did  not  serve,  and  it  is  not  likely 
that  many,  if  any,  entitled  to  land,  failed  to  receive  it, 
either  in  person  or  by  his  heirs  or  assigns.  While  omis- 
sions are  possible,  they  are  not  at  all  probable.  The  board 
of  commissioners  were  prominent  and  honorable  men,  and 
it  was  continued  in  existence,  by  subsequent  legislation,  for 
at  least  sixty-five  years,  so  that  all  having  proper  claims 
had  abundance  of  time  in  which  to  apply 

It  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  roll  that  opposite  the 
name  of  each  person  is  given  the  quantity'  of  land  allotted 
to  him,  with  its  descriptive  numbers,  so  that  the  reader,  by 
referring  to  the  fac-simile  of  the  original  plat,  which  imme- 
diately follows  the  list,  can  see  the  exact  location  of  the 
land;  or,  by  giving  the  number  of  any  tract,  it  can,  in  like 
manner,  be  learned  who  served  for  it.  For  example,  if  it 
is  desired  to  learn  what  land  was  allotted  to  the  celebrated 
Simon  Kenton,  a  reference  to  the  list  and  map  will  show 
that  it  was  "letter  E,  tract  198."  Or  if  the  reader  wishes 
■to  know  who  served  for  number  one,  the  tract  on  which 
the  city  of  Jeffersonville  is  situated,  a  similar  reference  will 
show  it  was  Lieutenant  Isaac  Bowman.  And  so  on  as  to 
any  tract  or  person. 


838  ALLOTMENT    OF    LAXD    IN    CLARK'S    GR.\NT 


It  will  be  impossible  foi"  the  general  reader  to  compre- 
hend the  great  labor  involved  in  making  this  list.  It  was 
equivalent  to  making  three  hundred  partial  abstracts  of 
title, — aggravated  by  the  fact  that  the  certificate  of  claim 
was  often  assigned  before  the  issuance  of  the  patent,  and 
that  the  patent  frequentl)^  issued  in  the  name  of  the  as- 
signee, and  not  of  the  soldier.  The  work  is  entirely  orig- 
inal, and  it  is  hoped  its  value  will  compensate  for  the  labor 
required  in  its  preparation. 


roll  of  officers  and  soldiers  who  were  allotted 
lam)  in  clark's  grant  (indiana)  for  services  un- 
der george  rogers  clark,  "in  the  reduction  of 
the  british  posts  in  the  illinois."  with  the 
(jl'antity,  and  descriptive  numbers,  of  the  land 
received  by  each. 

Officers. 

Clark,   George  Rogers,   Brigadier-General — Nos.   27,  56, 

62, 84, 165,  168, 185, 208, 212, 223,  227, 229,  242, 285, 

288,  297;  4  acres  in  74,  and  45  acres  in   141.     Total, 

8,049  acres.* 
Montgomery,  John,  Lieutenant-Colonel — Nos.  35,  40,  51, 

143,   167,  202,  239,  270,  283  and  B.    141,  351   acres. 

Total,  4,851  acres. 
Bowman,  Joseph,  Major — Nos.  5,  49,  97,  125,  140,  186, 

193,  237,  and  B.  32,  312  acres.     Total,  4,312  acres. 
Lynn,  William,  ^Nlajor — Nos.  12,  93,  105,  132,  181,  217, 

218,  291,  and  B.  216,  312   acres.     Total,  4,312  acres. 
Quick,  Thomas,  Major — Nos.  21,  70,  163,  204,  215,  233, 

265,  284,  and  B.  276,  312  acres.     Total,  4,312   acres. 

Captains. 

Note. — All  captains  were  allotted  3,234  acres  each. 

Bailey,  John — Nos.    i6,  22,  24,  81,  225,  226  and  A.  194, 
234  acres. 

*Each  number  contains  500  acres  unless  otherwise  indicated.    Where  a  letter 
precedes  a  number  it  indicates  that  tract  is  subdivided  and  the  subdivisions  lettered. 

(839) 


840  ROLL    OF    OFFICERS    AND    SOLDIERS 


Brashear,  Richard — Nos.  68,  iii,  112,  114,  134,  236,  and 

B.  194,  234  acres. 
George,  Robert — Nos.  17,  137,  146,  159,  172,  275,  A.  149, 

234  acres. 
Harrod,  William — Nos.  91,  99,  164,  234,  261,  264,  A.  148. 
Helm,  Leonard — Nos,  66,  147,  201,  266,  269,  279,  149. 
Kellar,  Abraham — Nos.  71, 120, 156,  173,  238,  295, B.  148. 
McCarty,  Richard — Nos.  63,  80,  90,  228,  251,  259,  A.  190. 
Rodgers,  John — Nos.  11,  72,  207,  235,  282,  296,  A.  248. 
Ruddell,  Isaac — Nos.  14,  34,  77,  1 10,  153, 179,  and  B.  190. 
Shelb}',  James — Nos.  42-,  43,  88,  89,  95,  249,  and  B.  248. 
Taylor,  Isaac — Nos.  109,  129,  144,  151,  253,293,  loi. 
Todd,  Robert — Nos.  3,  36,  48,  55,  122,  203,  and  A.  246. 
Williams,  John — Nos.  9,  75,  115,  152,  166,  240,  and  loi. 
Worthington,   Edward — Nos.   33,  67,  69,  131,   176,  199, 

and  B. 246. 

Lieutenants. 

Note. — All  lieutenants  were  allotted  2,156  acres  each. 

Bowman,  Isaac — Nos.  i,  158,  213,  289,  and  A.  32. 
Calvit,  Joseph — Nos.  41,  50,  61,  161,  and  A.  216. 
Carney,   Martin — Nos.   38,    192,   250,    263,   and  C.    154. 
Chapline,  Abraham — Nos.  145,  180,  222,  267,  and  A.  276. 
Clark,  Richard — Nos.  15,  18,  191,  274,  and  part  160. 
Clark,  William — Nos.  96,   103,  272,   287,   and  part   160, 
Dalton, Valentine  Thomas — Nos.  76,  104,  206,  247,  C.  155. 
Davis,  James — Nos.  39,  136,  187,  257,  and  B.  154. 
Floyd,  Henry — Nos.  65,  107,  230,  280,  and  A.  154. 
Gerault,  John — Nos.  82,  117,  175,  189,  and  A.  133. 
Harrison,  Richard — Nos.  102,  135,  139,  183,  and  B.  133. 


Ai.i.OT'i'Ei)  I.AM)  IN  Clark's  grant.  841 


Merriweather,  James — Nos.  26,  92,  150,  214,  and  A.  106. 
Montgomeiy,  James — Nos.  6,  83,  127,  252,  and  C.  133. 
Perault,  Michael — Nos.  23,  78,  256,  277,  and  C.  106. 
Robertson,  James — Nos.  25,  200,  260,  294,  and  B.  106. 
Slaughter,  Lawrence — Nos.  8,  58,  157,  221,  and  A.  271. 
Swan,  John — Nos.  37,  98,  100,  209,  and  B.  156. 
Todd,  Levi — Nos.  29,  46,  87,  290,  and  C.  271. 
Williams,  Jarrott — Nos.  197,  241,  258,  268,  and  part  160. 
Wilson,  Thomas — Nos.  10,  45,  47,  298,  and  A.  169. 

Ensign. 

Vanmeter,  Jacob — Nos.  7,  64,  182,  232   and  156  acres  in 
B.  155.     Total,  2,156  acres. 

Cornet. 

Thurston,  John — Nos.  53,  244,  278,  292,  and  156  acres  in 
A.  155.     Total,  2,156  acres. 

Sergeants. 

Note. — All  sergeants  were  allotted  216  acres  each. 

Brand,  John — 16  acres  in  169  and  200 acres  in  D.  and  E.  130. 
Brown,  James — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  in  D.  and  E.  273. 
Crump,  William — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  acres  in  A.  184. 
Dewit,  Henry — 16  acres  in  1 96  and  200  acres  in  121. 
Elms,  William — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  acres  in  108. 
Irby,  James  (or  Irley) — i6acres  in  169,  200  in  A.  andB.  138. 
Kellar,  Isaac — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  in  C.  and  D.  245. 
Key,  Thomas — 16  acres  in  194  and  200  in  B.  and  E.  245. 
Merriweather,  William — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  in  4. 
Miles,  Michael — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  in  A.  and  B,  85. 


84-  ROLL    OF    OFFICERS    AND    SOLDIERS 


^Nloore,  John — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  in  A.  and  B.  126. 
?^Iorgan,  Charles — 16  acres  in  196  and  200  acres  in  178. 
Oreer,  John — 16  acres  in  160,  100  in  C.  211  and  100  in  31. 
Parker,  Edward — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  acres  in  part  4. 
Patterson,  Robert — i6acres  in  169  and 200  in  D.andE.  177. 
Pittman,Buckner — 16  acres  in  169  and 200  in  D.  andE.  171. 
Prichard,WilliaiTi — i6acresin  169 and  20oin  C.andD.  124. 
Rube^•,  Wilham — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  in  C.  and  D.  118. 
Strode,  Sam — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  acres  in  19. 
Treat,  Beverly — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  in  A.  and  B.  142. 
Vaughan,  John — 16  acres  in  196  and  200  acres  in  178. 
AValker,  John — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  in  A.  and  B.  130. 
Williams,  John — 16  acres  in  169  and  200  acres  in  B.  and 
E.  124. 

Privates. 

Note. — All  privates  were  allotted  io8  acres  each. 

Allen,  David — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  188. 
Anderson,  Joseph — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  C.  178. 
Ash,  John — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  19. 
Asher,  William — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  C.  59. 
Bailey,  David — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  B.  195. 
Barnet,  Robert — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  C.  162. 
Batten,  Thomas — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  A.  273. 
Baxter,  James — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  C.  273. 
Buckley,  William — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  D.  162. 
Bell,  William — 8  acres  in  part  210  and   100  acres  in   184. 
Bell,  Sam — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  A.  162. 
Bentley,  James — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  184. 
Bentley,  John — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  184. 


ALLOTTED    LAND    IN    CLARKS    GRAN'J'.  843 


Eethey,  Elisha — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  E.  108. 
Big-gar,  James — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  262. 
Bilderback,  Charles — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  D.  85. 
Blackford,  Samuel — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  20. 
Blankenship,  Henry — S  acres   in    210  and   100  acres  in  B. 

162. 
Booton,  Travis — 8  acres  in  24S  and  100  acres  in  C.  85. 
Booton,  AVilliam — 8  acres  in  248,  and  100  acres  in  B.  44. 
Bowen,  Ebenezer — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  A.  128. 
Boyles,  John — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  C.  60. 
Brj-ant,  James — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  188. 
Bulger,  Edward — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  A.  195. 
Burk,  Nicholas — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  113. 
Bush,  "William — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  219. 
Cameron,  Angus — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  C.  281. 
Camp,  Reuben — 8  acres  in  196  and   100  acres  in  86. 
Campbell,  John — 8  acres  in  248  and  100  acres  in  D.  60. 
Camper,  Moses^8  acres  in  169  and  100  acres  in  E.  52. 
Camper,  Tilman — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  C.  52. 
Conore,  Andrew — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  A.  170. 
Chapman,  William — 8  acres  in  210  and  loo  acres  in  A.  20c;. 
Chenowith,  Richard — 8  acres  in  loi  and  100  acres  in  C.  30. 
Clark,  Andrew — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  231. 
Clark,  George — 8  acres  in   210  and   100  acres  in  E.  205. 
Clifton,  Thomas — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  188. 
Cofer,  William — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  B.  286. 
Choheren,  Dennis — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  C.  231. 
Copland,  Cornelius — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  A.  60. 
Consule,  Harman — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  C.  205. 
Cowan,  John — 8  acres  in   210  and   100  acres   in  A,  231. 

54 


^44  ROLL    OF    OFFICERS    AND    SOLDIERS 

Cox,  Richard — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  B.  59. 
Cozer,  Jacob  (or  Coger) — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  in  B.  205. 
Cozer,  Peter  (or  Coger) — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  in  B.  52. 
Craze,  Noah — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  A.  c;2. 
Crosle}',  "WiUiam — 8  acres  in  169  and  100  acres  in  D.  52. 
Curry,  Jaines — 8   acres  in  210  and    100  acres   in  D.  205. 
Curtis,  Rice — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  B.  60. 
Davies,  Asael — 8  acres  in  246  and  100  acres  in  C.  220. 
Davis,  Robert — 8  acres  in   141   and   100   acres  in   E.   59. 
Dawson,  James — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  113. 
Dohert}',  Frederick — 8  acres  in  141  and  100  acres  in  A.  220. 
Doherty,  Neal — 8   acres  in    loi   and   100  acres  in  D.  30. 
Doran,  Patrick — 8  acres  in  141   and  100  acres  in  E.  220. 
Dudley,  Amistead — 8  acres  in  210  and  100  acres  in  E.  60. 
Duff,  John — 8  acres  in  141   and   100  acres  in  86. 
Ehns,  James — 8   aci^es   in    141    and    100  acres   in  D.  220. 
Elms,  John — 8  acres  in  141  and  100  acres  in  A.  59. 
Evans,  Charles — 8  acres  in    141    and  100  acres  in  B.  220. 
Faris,  Isaac — 8  acres  in  141  and  100  acres  in  B.  94. 
Fear,  Edmund — 8  acres  in   141   and   100   acres   in   C.  73. 
Finley,  Samuel — 8  acres  in  32   and   100  acres  in  D.   30. 
Finn,  James — 8  acres  in  32  and  100  acres  in  E.  94. 
Flanaghan,  Dominick — 8  acres  in  141  and  100  in  A.  73. 
Floyd,  Isham — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  188. 
Foster,  William — 8   acres   in  32  and   100   acres  in  A.  30. 
P'reeman,  William — 8  acres  in  141  and  100  acres  inE.  73. 
Flogget,  AVilliam — 8  acres  in  32   and    100  acres  in    121. 
Frost,  Stephen — 8  acres   in    141    and    100  acres  in  B.  73. 
Funk,  Henr}? — 8  acres  in  141  and  100  acres  inD.  73. 
Garrot,  Robert — 8  acres  in   169  and   100  acres  in  C.  224. 


ALLOTTED    LAND    IN    CLARK'S    GR/VNT.  84  i^ 


Gaskins,  Thomas — 8  acres  in  276  and  100  acres  in  B.  273, 
Gagnia  (or  Gassnia),  Lewis — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  in  113. 
Gaylor,  Gasper — 8  acres  in  194  and   100  acres  in  D.  224. 
Gilmore,  George — 8  acres  in  276  and  100  acres  in  C.  94. 
Glass,  Michael — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  121. 
Glenn,  David — 8  acres  in  2  16  and  100  acres  in  20. 
Godfrey,  Francis — 8  acres  in   276  and  100  acres  in  A.  94. 
Goodwin,  William — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  262. 
Gra}',  George — 8  acres   in   216  and   100  acres  in  E.  224. 
Greathouse,  William — 8  acres  in  216  and  100  in  B.  224. 
Green,  John — 8  acres  in  276  and  100  acres  in  D.  94. 
Grimes,  John — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  A.  124. 
Guthrie,  William — 8  acres  in  216  and  100  acres  in  A.  281. 
Gwin,  William — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  A.  224. 
Hacker,  John — 8  acres  in  148  and  100  acres  in  B.  28. 
Hammet,  James — 8  acres  in  133  and  100  acres  in  E.  138. 
Hardin,  Francis — 8  acres  in  133  and  100  acres  in  D.  138. 
Harland,  Silas — 8  acres  in  190  and  100  acres  in  D.  13. 
Harris,  James — 8  acres  in  190  and  100  acres  in  D.  28. 
Harris,  John  Maline — 8  acres  in  106  and  100  acres  in  E.  128. 
Harris,  Samuel,  Sr. — 8  acres  in  106  and  100  acres  in  D.  128. 
Harris,  Samuel,  Jr. — 8  acres  in  106  and  100  acres  in  C.  128. 
Hatten,  Christopher — 8  acres  in  14S  and  100  acres  in  A.  28. 
Hayes,  Thomas — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  188. 
Henry,  David — 8  acres  in  154  and  100  acres  in  A.  57. 
Henry,  Hugh — 8  acres  in  154  and  100  acres  in  B.  57. 
Henry,  Isaac — 8  acres  in  154  and  100  acres  in  A.  13. 
Henry,  John — 8  acres  in  154  and  100  acres  in  B.  13. 
Higgins,  Barney — 8  acres  in  190  and  100  acres  in  D.  57. 
Holms,  James — 8  acres  in  169  and  100  acres  in  E.  13. 


846  ROLL    OF    OFFICERS    AND    SOLDIERS 


Honaker,  Henry — 8  acres  in  133  and  100  acres  in  C.  57. 
Honaker,  Peter — 8  acres  in  133  and  100  acres  in  E.  57. 
Hooper,  Thomas — 8  acres  in  149  and  100  acres  in  part  19. 
House,  Andrew — 8  acres  in  148  and  100  acres  in  E.  28. 
Hughes,  John — 8  acres  in  148  and  100  acres  in  C.  28. 
Humphris,  Samuel — S  acres  in  190  and  100  acres  in  C.  13. 
Isaacs,  Jolm — 8  acres  in  271  and  100  acres  in  B.  123. 
James,  Abraham — 8  acres  in  151^  and  100  acres  in  D.  198. 
January,  James — 8  acres  in  271  and  100  acres  in  C.  198. 
Jarrald,  James — 8  acres  in  155  and  100  acres  in  B.  128. 
Johnson,  John — 8  acres  in  271  and  100  acres  in  E.  170. 
Johnston,  Edward — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  part  113. 
Jones,  Charles — 8  acres  in  169  and  100  acres  in  A.  198. 
Jones,  David — 8  acres  in  271  and  100  acres  in  C.  138. 
Jones,  John — 8  acres  in  194  and  100  acres  in  B.  198. 
Jones,  Mathew — 8  acres  in  169  and  100  acres  in  C.  170. 
Jo3'nes,  John — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  219. 
Kendall,  Benjamin — 8  acres  in  155  and  100  acres  in  245. 
Kendall,  William — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  D.  44. 
Kenton,  Simon — 8  acres  in  155  and  100  acres  in  E.  198. 
Key,  George — 8  aci-es  in  246  and  100  aci'es  in  C.  79. 
Leare,  William — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  A.  54. 
Lemon,  John — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  A.  119. 
Levingston,  George — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  86. 
Lindsay,  Arthur — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  D.  79. 
Lockart  (or  Lockett) ,  Pleasant — 8  acres  in  1 96  and  100  acres 

in  D.  54. 
Lovell,  Richard — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  219. 
Lunsford,  George — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  86. 
Lunsford,  Mason — 8  acres  in  246  and  100  acres  in  E.  44. 


ALLOTTED    LAND    IN    fLARlv'S    GRANT.  1X47 

Lunsford,  Closes — 8  acres  in  246  and  100  acres  in  E.  119. 
Lusado,  ^Vbraham — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  A.  79. 
Lutterell,  Richard — 8  acres  in  169  and  100  acres  in  B.  79. 
Lines,  John — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  C.  119. 
Lyne,  Joseph — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  E.  79. 
]McBride,  Isaac — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  D.  130. 
INIcDerniet,  Francis — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  B.  54. 
McDonald,  David — 8  acres  in  24S  and  100  acres  in  A.  211. 
]McGar  (orGann),  John — 8  acres  in  196 and  100  acres  in  2 19. 
Mclntire,  Alexander — 8  acres  in  loi  and  100  acres  inC.  130. 
McManus,  George — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  A.  286. 
McManus,  John,  Sr. — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  D.  286. 
McManus,  John,  Jr. — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  C.  286. 
McMulIen,  Samuel — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  A.  254. 
McNutt,  James — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  E.  126. 
Mayfield,  Micajah — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  D.  184. 
Mahoney,  Florence — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  inE.  281. 
Manifee,  Jonas — 8  acres  in  106  and  100  acres  in  E.  254. 
Marr,  Patrick — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  219. 
Martin,  Charles — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  B.  254. 
Mershorn,  Nathaniel — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  in  C.  254. 
Millar,  Abraham — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  C.  54. 
Montgomery,  John — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  231. 
Monroe,  James — 8  acres  in  169  and  100  acres  in  D.  254. 
Moore,  John — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  C.  126. 
Moore,  Thomas — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  A.  123. 
Murphy,  John — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  86. 
Murry,  Edward — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  E.  54. 
Myers,  William — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  D.  126. 
Nelson,  Enoch  Gerrard — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  in  E.  85. 


84S  ROLL    OF    OFFICERS    AND    SOLDIERS 

Xewton,  Petei- — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  20. 
Oakley,  John — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  4. 
O'Harrow,  Michael — 8  acres  in  149  and  100  in  B.  211. 
Oreer,  Daniel — 8  acres  in  160  and  100  acres  in  31. 
Oreer,  Jesse — 8  acres  in  160  and  100  acres  in  31. 
Oreer,  William — 4  acres  in  210,  4  in  196  and  100  in  31. 
Osburn,  Ebenezer — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  E.  211. 
Oundsley,  Charles — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  D.  211. 
Pagan,  David — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  19. 
Paintree,  John — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  B.  177. 
Patten,  James — 8  acres  in  loi  and  100  acres  in  B.  30. 
Paul,  John — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  123. 
Peters,  John — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  B.  281. 
Phelphs,  Josiah — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  A.  i'/7. 
Pickens,  Samuel — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  121. 
Piner,  Jesse — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  B.  171. 
Prather,  Henry — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  C.  171. 
Priest,  Peter — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  A.  171. 
Pruitt,  Josiah — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  D.  170. 
Purcell,  William — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  123. 
Pulford,  John — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  E.  31. 
Ramsey,  James — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  D.  119. 
Ray,  William — 8  acres  in   74  and  100  acres  in  B.  118. 
Rubey,  William — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  A.  118. 
Ruddle,  Cornelius — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  E.  iiS. 
Rulison,  William — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  C.  177. 
Ross,  Joseph — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  113. 
Sartine,  John — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  D.  116, 
Sartine,  Page — 8  acres  in   74  and  100  acres  in  C,  116. 
Saunders,  John — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  A.  174. 


S49 

Sevei'ns,  Ebenezer — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  D.  174. 
Severns,  John — S  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  195. 
Shepard,  George — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  A.   116. 
Shepard,  Peter — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  195. 
Sitzer,  John — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  E.  2. 
Sitzer,  Michael — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  B.  2. 
Simpson,  Thomas- — 8  acres  in  74  and   100  acres  in  B.  59. 
Slack,  William — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  E.  174. 
Smith,  George — 8  acres  in  149  and  100  acres  in  A.  2. 
Smith,  William — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  C.  44. 
Sworden,  Jonathan — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  E.  116. 
Snow,  George — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  C.  174. 
Spear,  Jacob — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  B.  174. 
Spilman,  Francis — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  D.  2. 
Spilman,  James — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  262. 
Stevens,  Shep — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  108. 
Stephenson,  Samuel — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  E.  286. 
Swan,  William — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  A.  44. 
Swearingen,  Van — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  B.  116. 
Talley,  John — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  D.  142. 
Taylor,  Abraham — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  C.  142. 
Teall,  Levi — 8  acres  in  74  and   100  acres  in  B.  170. 
Thompson,  William — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  262. 
Thornton,  Joseph — 8  acres  in  74  and    100  acres  in  C.  2. 
Tygert,  Daniel  (or  Lygert) — 8  acres  in  196,  100  in  108. 
Taylor,  William  (or  Tyler) — 8  acres  in  74,  100  in  E.  142. 
Vance,  Hanley — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  D.  243. 
Vanmeter,  Isaac — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  C.  243. 
Venshioner,  George — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  in  B.  119. 
Walker,  Thomas — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  A.  210. 


850  ROLL    OF    OFFICERS    AND    SOLDIERS 

Watkins,  Samuel — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  A.  243. 
AValen,  Barney — 8  acres  in   74  and   100  acres  in  E.  255. 
Welch,  Dominque — 8  acres  in  149  and  100  acres  in  B.  255. 
White,  Layton — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  D.  255. 
White,  Randall — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  inE.  195. 
Whitecotton,  James — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  123. 
Whitley,  William — 8  acres  in  74  and   100  acres  in  262. 
Whitehead,  Robert — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  20. 
Whitehead,  William — 8  acres  in  196  and  100  acres  in  20. 
Wilson,  Edward — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  A.  255. 
Williams,  Daniel — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  E.  243. 
Witt,  Robert — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  B.  243. 
Wood,  James — 8  acres  in  169  and  100  acres  in  C.  255. 
Yates,  Isaac — 8  acres  in  74  and  100  acres  in  B.  210. 
Zockledge,  William  (or Zackledge) — 8  in  210, 100 inE.  162. 

Recapitulation  : 

I  Brigadier-General       _         _  -         -       8,049  acres. 

I  Lieutenant-Colonel  -         -            45851  acres. 

3  Majors  (4,312  acres  each)  -         -     12,936  acres. 

14  Captains  (3,234  acres  each)  -                    41^,276  acres. 

20  Lieutenants  (2,156  acres  each)   -  -     43,120  acres. 

23  Sergeants  (216  acres  each)  -                      4,968  acres. 

I  Ensign       -         -         -         -  -         -2,156  acres. 

I  Cornet              -         -         -  -         -            2,156  acres. 

236  Privates  (108  acres  each)    -  -         -     25,488  acres. 


300  Men       ______       149,000  acres. 


^^T'NOTE. — This  fac-simile  occupies  two  pages.    See  opposite  page. 

(reduced  in  size  one  half) 

OF  THE 


OFFICIAL  PLAT 


CLARKS  GRANT 

(INDIANA.) 

SOMETIXJES      CALLED 
THE 

ILLINOIS     GRANT. 

ORIGINAL  PLAT    CERTIFIED  TO  BY 

V/^. CLARK,   SURVEYOR, 
AND  PROBABLY    MADE   IN    1785. 


FAC=SIMILE    (Reduced  in  size  one-half) 


OF  THE 


Official  Plat 


OF 


CLARK'S  GRANT. 

^I^NOTE.— This  fac-simile  occupies  two  pages.    See  opposite  page 


THE    COMMISSIONERS  055 


It  will  be  observed  that  the  quantit}'  of  land  allotted  the 
private  soldiers  was  only  one  hundred  and  eight  acres  each. 
It  should  have  been  no  less  than  "three  hundred,"  which 
was  the  quantity  those  great  statesmen  Jefferson,  Wythe, 
and  Mason  mentioned  in  their  joint  letter  to  Clark  at  the 
inception  of  the  campaign,  as  being  "just  and  reasonable," 
and  what  the}-  were  likely  to  receive  if  it  proved  successful. 
There  was  certainly  an  implied  moral  obligation  created 
b}'  that  letter  which  everybody  ought  to  have  respected; 
but  even  without  it  "three  hundred  acres"  to  each  of  the 
men,  who  aided  so  materially  in  acquiring  a  territorial  em- 
pire, would  have  been  little  enough.  More  land  should  have 
been  included  in  the  grant,  but  even  as  it  was,  a  division 
of  the  one  hundred  and  forty-nine  thousand  acres,  which 
gave  one  hundred  twenty-three  thousand  five  hundred 
and  twelve  acres  to  sixty-four  officers,  and  only  twenty-five 
thousand  four  hundred  and  eighty-eight  acres  to  two  hun- 
dred and  thirty-six  privates,  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
exactl}'  as  equitable  as  it  should  ha^-e  been. 

^Vs  the  men  who  acted  as  commissioners  in  the  allotment 
of  the  land  in  Clark's  Grant  were  generally  men  of  historic 
character,  it  may  not  be  without  interest  to  briefly  mention 
who  they  were,  or  at  least  those  who,  from  time  to  time, 
acted  as  chairmen  of  the  board. 


In  the  ear- 
ly meetings 
of  the  com- 
missioners who  were  selected  to  divide  and  allot  this  land, 
Walker  Daniel,  a  native  of  Virginia,  who  had  emigrated, 


^-o^    A  ^  {^L^^^Z^^CC^ 


8s6 


WHO    ALLOTTED    THE    LAND. 


onl)'  a  few  years  before,  to  what  was  then  Lincoln  county, 
Kentuck}',  seems  to  have  been  chairman  of  the  board. 
He  was  an  enterprising  business  man,  a  lawyer,  and  pro- 
prietor, or  one  of  the  proprietors,  of  the  town  of  Danville. 
The  minutes  of  the  board  show  that  he  was  killed  by  the 
Indians  sometime  between  August  yth  and  i6th,  1784,  and 
part  of  the  papers  of  the  board  could  not  be  found  for  some 
time  after  his  death,  and  some  were  probably  never  found. 


At  a  meeting  August  16,  1784, 
a  brother-in-law  of  General  Clark 
was  selected  to  succeed  Daniel  as 
commissioner.     A  sketch  of  Major  Croghan  will  appear 
further  on.      He  was  at  one  time  chairman  of  the  board. 


^-^2^ 


who  succeeded 
Walker  Daniel  as 
chairman,  is  presumably  the  John  Edwards  who  was  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  from  Kentucky,  1792-5,  and  who 
before  that  was  several  times  a  member  of  the  state  legis- 
lature from  Bourbon  county,  and  of  several  conventions, 
including  the  one  held  to  ratify  the  federal  constitution; 
and  he  was  also  one  of  the  commissioners  to  locate  the  seat 
of  government  of  Kentucky.      He  was  a  native  of  Virginia. 


who    succeeded 

Edwards ,  was 
one  of  the  orig- 
inal proprietors 
of  the  city  of 
Louisville,  and  became  quite  wealthy.     AVas  an  Irishman 


THE    COMMISSIONERS  857 


by  birth,  and  a  man  of  much  force  of  character.  Was  a 
member  of  the  legislature,  and  of  the  convention  of  1792, 
which  formed  the  constitution  of  Kentucky,  and  died  with- 
out issue. 

After  Campbell  came  James  F.  Moore,  Alexander  Breck- 
enridge,  Richard  Taylor,  and  Robert  Breckenridge,  with 
William  Clark  serving  as  chairman   at  one  session  only.* 


y.  had  been   a  soldier 

^^<?<?^,-ev^  y'^^^'^^^^^/^^  under  Clark  and  was 

^i!L___ — y^ O^- -^^   ii„  ^  also    a    member    of 

the   Kentucky    house    of    representatives,    from    Jefferson 
county  in  1793,  and  of  the  senate  in  1808. 


/^~\       .  was    a    native   of    Virginia 


and  removed  to  Kentucky 
785.      He  was  a  soldier 


^  in  the  War  of  the  Revolu- 

tion, holding  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  at  its  close. 
He  also  rendered  important  ser\'ices  in  campaigns  against 
the  Indians;  held  several  responsible  positions  in  civil  life, 
and  had  the  further  distinction  of  being  the  father  of 
General  Zachary  Taylor,  the  twelfth  president  of  the  United 
States. 


was  a  member  of  the 
/^C^  y^:^i^^^^<>T7C>  legislature  of  Ken- 
tucky from  Jefferson  county,  1792-6,  and  speaker  of  the 

*Andrew  Heth  and  Richard  Terrell   acted  as  commissioners  for  a  time  to  fill 
vacancies. 


S58  WHO    ALLOTTED    THE    LAND. 


house  of  representatives  several  times.  He  held  many 
other  responsible  public  positions.  It  may  fairty  be  inferred 
that  he  was  a  kind-hearted  man  from  a  provision  in  his 
will  in  which  he  sets  his  slaves,  "Isaac,  old  George,  and 
Polly  free." 


c^^-'^fz^yC  /^^t^^,::^<f^-^^^ 


and  Robert  were  broth- 
ers. The  author  found 
the  will  of  the  latter  recorded  in  Will  Book  No.  i,  Jeffer- 
son county,  Kentuck}^,  page  no.  It  is  dated  May  16, 
1797,  and  probated  June,  1801,  and  bequeaths  to  his 
brother  Robert  3,000  acres  of  land  on  northwest  side  of 
the  Ohio  river,  between  the  Miami  and  Sciota,  being  the 
land  granted  for  services  in  "last  war" — one-third  thereof 
to  be  retained  by  his  said  brother  Robert  for  his  services  in 
locating  the  land  and  the  other  two-thirds  to  be  divided 
equally  between  the  three  sons  of  the  testator,  viz.:  James, 
Robert,  and  Henry  Brown  Breckenridge,  and  also  to  said 
sons  a  thousand  acres,  part  of  same  warrant,  "located  on 
the  Ohio  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Saline." 


General  George  Rogers  Clark  acted  as  chairman  of  the 
board  at  various  times,  and  seems  to  have  been  an  attend- 
ant of  the  sessions,  with  but  few  exceptions,  from  the  be- 
ginning in  1784,  down  to  March  14,  1810,  when  he  signed 
the  minutes  for  the  last  time.  ^  a_  1  J 
This  was  after  he  had  been  {  ^  /  I  t,-Vv'->'^V\ 
stricken  with   paralysis  and___y  \^ 

was  scarcely  able  to  write  his  name,  as  shown  by  the  fac- 


THE    COMMISSIONERS 


859 


simile  of  his  signature  here  given.*  Although  he  did  not 
die  for  eight  years  afterwards,  he  lingered  in  a  compara- 
tively helpless  condition  for  some  time,  and  finally  became 
entirelv  so,  as  will  be  related  further  on. 

This  brings  the  record  down  to  1820,  by  which  time  nearly 
all  the  business  had  been  transacted,  but  the  commission  was 
kept  alive  by  appropriate  legislation.  The  meetings  thus  far 
had  been  held  at  Louisville,  but  none  was  held  there  after- 
wards. The  next  meeting  was  held  at  Jeffersonville, 
August  20,  1825,  but  there  was  scarcely  anything  done  at 
that,  or  subsequent  meetings,  only  a  few  being  held.  The 
commissioners  were  newbutvery  substantial  men,  and  all,  or 
nearl)'  all,  Indianians,  viz.:  James  Beggs,  Benjamin  Fer- 
guson, Stephen  Flutchins,  Orlando  Raymond,  John  D. 
Shryer,  Samuel  McCampbell,  David  W.  Dailey,  Alexander 
]Mars,  and  Christopher  Cole. 


General  Joseph  Bartholomew,  who 
was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Tippe- 
canoe, and  otherwise  distinguished  in 
Indiana  history,  was  chairman  in 
1825.  A  county  in  Indiana  bears 
his  name.  lie  was  in  early  days  a 
member  of  the  legislature  of  that 
state,  serving  both  in  the  house  of 
representatives  and  senate.  The  original  of  the  portrait 
here  given  was  furnished  the  author  by  his  son,  W.  M. 
Bartholomew,  of  Dakota,  in  1888. 

*This  and  the  other  fac-similes  of  signatures  in  this  chapter,  witli  the  excep- 
tion of  Walker  Daniel,  were  taken  from   the  original  proceedings  of  the  board. 

55 


86o 


WHO    ALLOTTED    THE    LAND. 


In  1846,  Doctor  Andrew  P.  Hay,  at 
one  time  a  member  of  the  Indiana  Leg-is- 
lature,  was  chairman,  and  he  was  the  last 
as  far  as  the  author  is  informed.  Dr.  Hay 
left  descendants  who  are  prominent  citi- 
zens of  Indiana.  He  was  at  one  time  re- 
ceiver of  the  United  States  land  office  at 
Jeffersonville.  His  sister  Ann  was  the  first  wife  of 
than  Jennings,  the  first  governor  of  Indiana. 


Jona- 


The  full  proceedings  of  this  important  board,  never  before 
published,  will  be  found  in  the  appendix  to  this  volume. 

There  will  also  be  found  in  the  appendix  lists  of  persons 
who  served  under  General  Clark  in  some  of  his  campaigns, 
but  who  were  not  allotted  land  in  Clark's  Grant;  no  such 
claim  to  accuracy,  however,  can  be  made  for  these  rolls,  as 
can  justly  be  made  for  the  one  in  this  chapter  of  the  officers 
and  soldiers  who  were  allotted  land  in  Clark's  Grant,  for 
services  in  reducing  the  British  posts  as  provided  by  the 
law  of  Virginia.  The  service  rendered  by  those  mentioned 
in  the  list  in  the  appendix  was  mostly  against  the  Indians, 
and  although  not  falling  within  the  provisions  of  this  law  was 
undoubtedly  of  great  benefit  to  the  country.  They  each 
and  all  deserve  to  be  gratefully  remembered. 


CHAPTER  XXII. 

THE   LATTER   YEARS   OF  GENERAL  CLARK'S   LIFE   AND   HIS 

DEATH. 

Clarksville,  Indiana,  and  vicinity — George  Rogers  Clark's  connection  therewith 
—Is  stricken  with  paral_ysis  at  that  place — Amputation  of  his  leg — Virginia 
presents  him  a  sword  and  pension — The  subject  of  sword  presentations  to 
him  considered — He  lingers  long  in  a  feeble,  and  finally  helpless,  condition — 
Dies  at  his  sister's  house  in  Kentucky  in  iSiS — His  will — Controversy  in 
relation  thereto,  and  other  events  connected  with  his  illness  and  death. 

^T  will  be  remembered  that  the  law  of  Virginia  granting 
land  to  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  Illinois  regi- 
ment provided  that  one  thousand  of  the  one  hundred  and 
fifty  thousand  acres  should  be  set  apart  for  a  town.  The 
commissioners  appointed  by  the  law,  at  their  meeting, 
August  4,  1784,  "ordered  that  John  Campbell,  George  R. 
Clark,  and  John  Bailey,  or  any  two,  with  the  surveyor,  fix 
on  the  most  convenient  place  in  the  grant  for  the  town  and 
la^'  off  the  one  thousand  acres  appropriated  for  the  purpose 
and  also  drawup  and  report  a  plan  for  the  same."  The  place 
selected  was  opposite  the  lower  pail  of  the  Ohio  falls,  above 
the  mouth  of  Silver  creek.  The  law,  most  appropriate- 
ly, required  the  town  to  be  called  Clarksville,  but  simply 
"Clark"  without  the  "ville"  would  have  been  more  fitting. 
Great  expectations  were  formed  as  to  the  future  of  the 
place.      It  was  near  the  foot  of  the  falls,  at  the  head  of  an 

(861) 


862  CLjVRKSVILLE. 

immensely  long  line  of  deep-water  navigation,  and  at  a 
time  that  transportation  by  water  was  the  best  method 
known,  and  it  was  confidentl}'  believed  that  it  was  des- 
tined to  become  a  great  city.  General  Clark  was,  of  course, 
much  interested  in  it,  and  its  expected  future  prosperity  was 
another  of  the  bright  dreams  of  his  life  which  was  never 
to  be  realized.  Coupled  with  the  distribution  of  the  land 
in  Clark's  Grant,  it,  however,  gave  him  employment  for 
man}'  years.  Thus,  being  occupied  was  in  itself  a  great 
solace  and  comfort  to  his  restless  spirit. 

One  of  the  greatest  needs  of  the  time  and  place  was  a 
mill,  and  one  was  constructed  under  the  auspices  of  General 
Clark.  At  one  of  the  earliest  meetings  of  the  commissioners 
of  the  town  an  order  was  made,  that:  "Leave  is  given  Gen- 
eral Clark  to  erect  the  mill  he  is  now  building  on  a  branch 
above  the  lots  already  laid  off  in  Clarksville,  and  if  com- 
pleted and  of  public  utility  the  right  of  the  soil  to  so  much 
land  as  shall  be  deemed  sufficient  for  the  water  shall  be 
conirded  to  him."  The  mill  was  built  and  remained  in 
existence  a  long  time.  The  author  has  now  in  his  possession 
an    original     letter 


'^l^t-^X^y^-^i 


r^l^i^TL 


written  by  Colonel 
Abraham  Bow- 
man, October  lo,  1784,  from  Lincoln  county,  Kentucky, 
to  his  brother  Isaac,  in  Virginia,  in  which  he  relates,  among 
other  interesting  items  of  western  news,  that  "General 
Clark  has  laid  off  a  town  (Clarksville)  on  the  other  side 
of  the  Ohio,  opposite  the  falls,  at  the  mouth  of  Silver 
creek,  and  is  building  a  saw  and  grist  mill  there."  '^     The 

"'This  was  the  Abraham  Bowman  who  was  colonel  of  the  celebrated  Eighth 
Viri^inia  German  Regiment  after  Colonel  iMiihlenburg  was  promoted  to  be  a 
general  in  the  continental  service. 


HISTORIC  REMAINS  IN  AND  A150UT  CLARKSXILLE. 


S63 


-<:A:M>U', 


iMf2£^ 


RUIN    AT    CLARKSVILLE. 


letter  also  says,  "twenty  or 
thirty  families  have  moved 
there  aire  ad}."  Many 
years  ago  J.  Gardner,  Es- 
quire, of  Bedford,  Indiana, 
made  a  drawing  of  an  old 
ruin  in  the  locality,  which 
was  supposed  to  be  the  re- 
mains of  this  old  mill.  It  is 
reproduced  here  b}'  his  per- 
mission. 

About  the  same  time,  the 
same   gentleman   made   a 

sketch  of  an  old  stone  chimney 

standing,   solitary'  and   alone, 

above  Clarksville,  near  the  head 

of  the  falls,  in  what  is  now  the 

lower  part  of  the  city  of  Jeffer- 

sonville.   It  is  believed  this  was  a 

part  of   old  Fort  Finney  which 

was  constructed  in  that  locality 

about  1785,  and  named  after  an 

officer  of  the  regular  army  of  that 

name,  but  the  name  was  after- 
wards changed  to  Fort  Steuben. 
Colonel  John  W.  Ray,  of  In- 
dianapolis, who  went  to  Jeffer- 

sonville  a  boy,  in  1836,  informed 

the  author  that  the  site  of  this 

old  fort  was  the  play  ground  for  the  boys  of  the  vicinity  about 


OLD  CHIMNEY  WHICH    FORMERLY 
STOOD  IN  LOWER    PART  OF  JEF- 

FKRSONVILLE    SUPPOSED    TO 

BE  PART  OF  OLD  FORT  STEUBEN. 


864 


HOUSE  LONG  OCCUPIED  BY  GOVERNOR  POSEY. 


that  time,  and  that  he  found  buttons,  buckles,  bullets  and 
other  military  relics  in  the  locality.  His  step-father,  Samuel 
Patterson,  made  brick  on  a  portion  of  the  site,  and  the 
relics  were  mostly  found  when  the  ground  was  dug  up  for 
brick-making  purposes.  Such  quantities  were  found  as 
to  indicate  that  they  were  part  of  a  stock  intended  for  trade 
with  the  Indians. 

In  the  same  localit}/  stood,  within  the  recollection  of  the 
author,   the   house   occupied  by  General  Thomas    Posey, 


GOVERNOR    POSEY'S    RESIDENCE. 

while  governor  of  Indiana  territory  for  several  years  pre- 
cedinor  the  ororanization  of  the  state  government  in  1816. 
It  was  the  grand  mansion  of  the  place  at  that  day,  but  dis- 
appeared probably  a  third  of  a  century  ago.      Colonel  Ray 


EXPECTATIONS  AS  TO  CLARKSVILLE  NOT  REALIZED.       865 


and  the  author  both  recognize  the  cut  here  given  as  a  cor- 
rect representation  of  the  old  historic  residence  of  the  last 
governor  of  Indiana  territory;  a  man  who  acted  well  his 
part  in  both  war  and  peace,  and  about  whose  life  lingers 
much  interesting  romance,  which  will  probably  never  be 
fully  unveiled. 

The  law  creating  Clarksville  required  that  the  lots  should 
be  sold  from  time  to  time  at  public  auction,  "the  purchasers 
respectively  to  hold  their  said  lots  subject  to  the  condition 
of  building  on  each  a  dwelling-house  twenty  feet  by 
eighteen,  at  least,  with  a  brick  or  stone  chimney,  to  be 
finished  within  three  years  from  day  of  sale."  A  failure 
to  build  forfeited  the  lots,  and  the  trustees  were  to  use  the 
money  derived  from  the  sales  "in  such  manner  as  they 
may  judge  most  beneficial  for  the  inhabitants  of  the  said 
town."  The  preliminaries  were  all  of  the  most  favorable 
character,  but  the  town  would  not  and  did  not  prosper  for 
all  that,  and  the  grant  and  matters  connected  with  it  have 
been  a  source  of  much  vexatious  litigation.*  There  were 
about  twenty  houses  in  the  place  in  1797,  and  it  made  but 
slight  progress  afterwards. 

General  Clark  was  a  citizen  of  Clarksville  many  years, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  elections  and  public  affairs,  but, 
being  a  bachelor,  he  divided  his  time  between  the  Indiana 
and  Kentucky  sides  of  the  river,  most  of  his  relatives  re- 
siding in  and  about  Louisville.       William  Clark,  the  sur- 

*  A  remarkable  decision  of  the  supreme  court  of  Indiana,  where  the  subject 
of  Clarksville  and  Clark's  Grant  was  fully  considered,  will  be  found  in  Black- 
ford's Reports,  Vol.  ,  pp.  160-161,  first  edition.  An  extract  from  it  is  given  in 
the  appendix,  from  which  it  would  seem  that  Virginia  held  the  right  to  legislate 
in  relation  to  the  lands  in  these  places  in  certain  cases  even  after  the  admission 
of  Indiana  as  a  state. 


866  GENERAL  CLARK  A  CITIZEN  OF  INDIANA. 


ve3'or,  resided  on  the  Indiana  side  for  a  time,  as  did  also 

his  brothers,   Evard  and   Marston   G.      The  latter  was  a 

judge  and   member  of  the  legislature  in  Indiana,  and  died 

in  that  state.      All  three   were   cousins  of 

General   Clark.       The  author   has  before 

him  the   original  tally  sheets  of   the  vote 

taken  at  Jeffersonville,  Indiana    territory, 

September   ii,    1S04,   on  the  question   of 

r  whether  the  people  desired  the  territory  to 

be  advanced  to  the  legislative  form  of  gov- 


MARSTdX   G.CLARK. 


ernment.  Thirty-five  voted  for  it  and  thir- 
teen against  it.  In  the  latter  list  the  names  of  George  R. 
Llark  and  Evard  Clark  appear.  The  full  list,  showing 
how  every  man  voted  on  this  question  in  Indiana  terri- 
tory, will  be  given  in  a  subsequent  volume.  It  was  carried 
by  a  small  majority  on  a  very  light  vote.  At  that  time  the 
z'ii'cr  voce  system  of  voting  prevailed  and  the  tally  sheets 
show  not  only  the  name  of  the  voter,  but  how  he  voted. 

Josiah  Espy,  who  published  a  journal  of  western  travel, 
visited  Clarksville  and  General  Clark  in  1805,  and  this  is 
what  he  says  about  them:  "At  the  lower  end  of  the  falls 
is  the  deserted  village  of  Clarksburgh  (Clarksville),  in 
which  General  Clark  himself  resides.  I  had  the  pleasure 
of  seeing  this  celebrated  warrior  at  his  lonely  cottage  seat- 
ed on  Clark's  Point. 

"This  point  is  situated  at  the  upper  end  of  the  village  and 
opposite  the  lower  rapid,  commanding  a  full  and  delightful 
view  of  the  falls,  particularly  the  zigzag  channel  which  is 
only  navigated  at  low  water.  The  general  has  not  taken 
much  pains  to  improve  this  commanding  and  beautiful  spot, 


JOSIAH  ESPy's  A'ISIT  to  general  Cl.AKK  IN    1H05.       867 


having  only  raised  a  small  cabin,  but  it  is  capable  of  being 
made  one  of  the  handsomest  seats  in  the  world. 

''General  Clark  has  now  become  frail  and  rather  helpless, 
but  there  are  the  remains  of  great  dignity  and  manliness  in 
his  countenance,  person  and  deportment,  and  I  was  struck 
on  seeing  him  with,  perhaps,  a  fancied  likeness  to  the  great 
and  immortal  Washington.  Immediately  above  Clark's 
point  it  is  said  the  canal  is  to  return  to  the  river,  making 
a  distance  of  about  two  miles."  "There  appears  to  be 
no  doubt,"  adds  Mr.  Espy,  "but  that  this  canal  will  be 
opened." 

Mr.  Espy  was  not  alone  in  entertaining  the  belief  that  a 
canal  would  be  made  on  the  Indiana  side  of  the  Ohio,  but 
unfortunately  it  was  not  constructed,  and  since  the  decrease 
of  water  in  the  river,  and  the  advent  of  railroads,  its  impor- 
tance has  greatly  lessened.  For  a  long  time,  however,  it  was 
an  all-absorbing  question  at  the  falls,  and,  to  some  extent, 
in  the  Ohio  ^'alley  generally. 

The  "lonely  cottage  situated  on  Clark's  Point,"  where 
Mr.  Espy  saw  General  Clark  in  1805,  was  an  old-fashioned 
log  house,  located  near  the  river.  It  remained  there  for  about 
fifty  years,  and  was  then  taken  down,  or,  as  another  account 
says,  was  destroyed  by  the  ground  ca\-ing  into  the  river. 
The  spot  where  the  house  stood  is  said  to  have  been  about 
opposite  the  middle  of  Rock  island.  The  logs  of  which 
it  was  constructed  were  made  to  a  smooth  surface  either  by 
being  hewed  to  a  line  by  the  ax,  or  sawed  with  a  whip- 
saw,  most  likely  the  former.  The  view  was,  no  doubt, 
very  fine,  but  the  roar  of  the  water  passing  over  the  falls 


S68 


GENEKM.  CLARK   .S   COTTAGE  AT  CEAKKSN  lELE. 


must  haw  bci-n  ann()\-ini;\   and  tlic   mist  and  fog'S  from  the 
ri^•er  sometimes  unpleasant. 

In   tliis    liumble,    isdlated    lionie,    llie   sturd^'    old   soldier 
spent  man\'  \\  ear\-  and   lonesome   da\-s  and   nights,  at  the 


RKsnjKNCE    OF    GENERAL    LLARK     AT    i    1 .  MI  Is  s  \   I  I.LE. 

very  period  of  his  life  when  he  most  needed  the  tender  eare 
and  solace  of  pleasant  companionship.  1^'emale  companion- 
ship he  had   none,'"  and  the  meir  who  \\'ere  about  L'larks- 

*  In  his  rcsL-arches  tiic  itiilhor  has  found  no  ex'itlencc  that  (jcncral  Clark  was 
ever  enga;.,'ed  in  any  affair  of  the  lieart.  The  nearest  to  it  is  a  tradition  tliat  lie 
was  for  a  time  fascinated  \\ith  a  Spanish  lath'  in  St.  Louis  \vho  alterwarels  took 
the  veil  in  a  Catholic  institution  in  New  Orleans,  greatlj  to  the  disturbance  of 
his  peace  of  mind.  It  is  only  tradition,  ho\vever,  and  very  vague  at  that,  ilis 
four  sisters  all  married,  as  did  his  brothers  Jonathan  and  William;  but  the 
brothers  Edmund,  John,  Richard  and  George  Rogers,  seem  to  have  remained 
single. 


IS  STRICKEN  WITH  PARALYSIS.  869 


ville  at  that  time  were  generally  of  the  free  and  easy  sort, 
and  a  good  deal  given  to  dissipation.  In  fact  the  habit  of 
drinking  was  general,  everywhere,  in  that  da}/,  and  it  must 
be  admitted  that  General  Clark,  at  this  period,  indulged 
in  it  to  an  extent  that  was  wholly  unjustifiable.  He  had 
greatly  impaired  his  health  by  exposures  in  his  military 
campaigns,  and  this  was  now  being  aggravated  by  dissipa- 
tion, and  living  about  the  falls,  which  was  notoriously  un- 
healthy in  early  times. 

Theheaviest  blow  came  at  last,  with  terrible  effect.  Aparty 
of  acquaintances  from  Kentucky  made  him  a  visit  on  a  hunt- 
ing excursion,  and,  after  spending  some  time  with  him 
in  a  jovial  way,  departed  on  their  hunt,  leaving  him 
alone  in  his  humble  cabin.  Some  time  after  their  de- 
parture he  was  stricken  with  paralysis  and  fell  to  the  floor 
helpless,  and,  for  a  time,  unconscious,  without  any  one 
present  to  assist  him.  He  fell  in  front  of  the  old-fashioned 
log  fire-place,  in  such  a  way  as  to  burn  one  of  his  legs, 
which  brought  him  to  consciousness,  but  he  never  re- 
covered from  this  stroke  of  paralysis.  He  lived,  however, 
about  ten  years  after  it,  but  in  a  helpless  condition,  and  the 
burn  on  his  leg  finally  turned  into  erysipelas,  which  made 
its  amputation  an  absolute  necessity. 

General  Clark  bore  up,  for  a  time,  under  this  terrible 
infliction  with  remarkable  firmness  and  bravery.  The  am- 
putation was  performed  by  Dr.  Ferguson  amid  surround- 
ings that  are  probably  without  a  parallel. 

His  namesake.  Colonel  George  Rogers  Clark  Floyd, 
afterwards  distinguished  at  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe,  and 
the  son  of  Colonel  John  Floyd,  herein  before  mentioned, 


870  AMPUTATION  OF  HIS  LEG. 


caused  drums  and  fifes  to  be  plaj'ed  during  the  operation, 
in  compliance  with  the  request  of  General  Clark  to  that  ef- 
fect, and  the  brave  old  soldier  kept  time  to  the  music  with 
his  fingers.  It  should  be  remembered  that  this  was  before 
the  advent  of  anaesthetics.  Finally  the  music  stopped,  and 
he  asked,  "Well,  is  it  off?"  He  was  answered  that  it 
was,  and  the  dissevered  limb  was  shown  him,  which  is  said 
to  have  been  the  left  leg. 

The  incident  of  the  playing  of  the  drum  and  fife  during 
the  operation  is  well  authenticated.  George  Rogers  Clark 
Sullivan,  who  was  honorably  identified  with  Indiana  his- 
tor}'  during  the  territorial  period,  and  left  a  long  line  of 
prominent  descendants,  one  of  whom  is  Mr.  Cauthorn  of 
Vincennes,  several  times  mentioned  in  this  work,  was  with 
General  Clark  at  the  time,  and  remained  with  him  several 
months  afterwards.  On  the  24th  of  April,  1809,  young 
Sullivan  wrote  a  letter  from  Louisville  to  Mr.  John  O'Fal- 
lon,  a  young  nephew  of  General  Clark,  in  which  he  said: 

"Your  uncle  George  is  with  us  and  in  high  spirits,  and 
the  wound  healed  up.  I  have  staid  with  him  every  night 
since  he  has  been  in  town,  that  is  about  five  weeks.  I 
never  knew  a  man  in  my  life  to  stand  it  so  well  as  he,  and 
the  day  it  was  taken  off  he  sent  for  the  drummer  and  fifer 
to  come  and  play.  Floj^d  then  took  the  hint  and  had  all 
the  men  placed  around  the  house  with  two  drums  and  two 
fifes,  and  played  for  about  two  houi's,  and  his  leg  was 
taken  off  in  the  meantime.  In  the  evening  they  returned 
and  played  for  about  an  hour,  and  then  ten  at  night  four 
elegant  violins,  two  drums  and  two  fifes  marched  around 
the  house  for  about  an   hour,  playing  elegant  marches." 


THE  QUESTION  OF  THE  SWORDS.  87I 


But  General  Clark's  elated  spirits  were  probably  assumed; 
certainly  they  were  of  short  duration.  His  paralysis  re- 
mained and  never  after  left  him.  About  this  there  can 
be  no  question.  It  was  even  established  in  a  court,  by  the 
testimony  of  inany  witnesses,  as  will  be  shown  later  on. 
He  was  now  without  money  or  resources  and  utterly  help- 
less. 

THE    QUESTION    OF    THE    SWORDS. 

It  is  a  singular  fact  that  two  swords  were  presented  to 
George  Rogers  Clark  by  the  state  of  Virginia,  and  there 
have  been  numerous  traditions  upon  the  subject,  and  much 
uncertainty  and  conflict  of  statements,  especially  as  to  what 
became  of  the  swords.  Whyshould  Virginia  present  General 
Clark  with  two  swords,  and  whj?  should  there  be  an}^  mystery 
or  uncertainty  as  to  what  becaine  of  them?  The  author 
has  investigated  the  matter  as  thoroughb'  as  he  could,  and 
trusts  he  has  succeeded  in  clearing  up  soine  of  the  m3rster3\ 
and  at  least  has  been  successful  in  finding  one  of  the  sup- 
posed lost  or  destroyed  swords.  It  was  in  California,  in 
the  possession  of  Mrs.  Rodgers,*  a  descendant  of  the 
sister  of  George  Rogers  Clark,  at  whose  house  he  died. 
In  this  he  was  materially  aided  by  William  Hancock  Clark, 
Esquire,  of  Detroit,  Michigan.  A  picture  of  this  sword  has 
already  been  given  at  the  close  of  Chapter  XIII  of  this 
work,  and  two  larger  pictures  of  a  portion  of  it  are  given 
here,  for  the  purpose  of  showing  the  inscriptions  on  its 
sides. 

*  Mrs.  Serena  Livingston  Rodgers,  wife  of  Augustus  F.  Rodgers  of  the  United 
States  coast  survey  department,  and  grandson  of  Commodore  Rodgers  of  tlie 
U.  S.  Navy. 


SWORD  PRESENTED  TO  GENERAL  CLARK 

By  the  State  of  Vikginia. 


1    i 


SWORD  PEPJSENTED  TO  GENERAL  CLARK. 

(Reverse  Side). 


874       TRADITIONS  ABOUT  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  A  SWORD. 


But  while  the  discovery  of  this  sword  seems  to  overthrow 
some  traditions  and  clear  up  some  mysteries,  it,  at  the  same 
time,  raises  some  other  questions  which  remain  to  be  con- 
sidered. The  tradition  is  universal  in  the  Clark  family, 
as  the  author  knows  b}'  direct  inquiiy,  that  at  some  time  or 
other  General  Clark,  feeling  deepl}^  aggrieved  at  what  he 
considered  bad  treatment  by  Virginia,  destroyed  a  sword 
that  state  had  given  him,  but  as  to  which  sword  it  was,  or 
when,  or  how  destroyed,  it  varies  and  is  uncertain. 

Outside  of  the  family  the  matter  has  been  related  in  differ- 
ent wa}'s,  but  all  ending  in  the  statement  that  he  destro3/ed 
a  s-LVord.  The  sketch  of  General  Clark,  in  Appleton's 
American  Biographj^,  understood  to  have  been  written  by 
Lyman  Draper,  Esquire,  says,  "he  felt  keenly  what  he 
considered  the  ingratitude  of  the  republic  in  leaving  him  in 
poverty  and  obscurity,  and  when  the  state  of  Virginia  sent 
him  a  sword  he  received  the  compliments  of  the  committee 
in  gloomv  silence.  Then  he  exclaimed,  'when  Virginia 
needed  a  sword,  I  gave  her  one.  She  sends  me  now  a  toy. 
I  want  bread!'  He  thrust  the  sword  into  the  ground  and 
broke  it  with  his  crutch."'" 

Another  version  is  that  he  said,  "Damn  the  sword!  I  had 
enouoh  of  that — a  purse  well  filled  would  have  done  me 
some  seiwice." 

It  will  be  observed  that  it  is  not  definitely  stated  in  either 
case  when  this  occurred,  or  which  sword  was  destroyed, 
although  from  the  reference  to  his  being  in  poverty,  and 
breaking  the  sword  with  his  crutch,  it  would  naturally  be 
inferred  that  it  was  the  second  sword,  which  was  not  pre- 

*Vol.  1,  p.  627. 


THE  FIRST  SWORD  PRESENTliO.  875 


sented  until  1S12.  The  finding  of  the  sword  that  is  pict- 
lu^ed  here  would,  at  first  glance,  seem  to  confirm  this 
view,  as  it  bears  an  inscription  referring  to  1779,  but 
does  it? 

Let  us  examine  the  subject  further:  Vincennes  was  cap- 
tured on  the  25th  of  Februarj-,  1779,  and  on  the  iztli  of 
the  ensuing  June  the  legislature  of  Virginia  ordered  that 
the  governor  be  requested  to  transmit  to  Colonel  George 
Rogers  Clark,  by  the  hands  of  Captain  Rogers,  "an  ele- 
gant sword,  in  testimony  of  the  merit  of  his  services." 
A  copy  of  a  portion  of  this  law  will  be  found  on  page  404 
of  this  work,  and  the  letter  of  Lieutenant-Governor  John 
Page,  accompanying  the  sword,  will  now  be  given: 

"WiLLiA.AiSBURG,  IN  CouNCiL,  September  4,  1779. 
^^ Lieufeiiant-Coloiiel  Geoi-o^e  Rop'ers  Clarh : 

"Sir — I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you,  that  by  Captain 
Rogers  I  have  sent  the  sword,  which  was  purchased  by  the 
governor,  to  be  presented  to  }'ou  b}'  order  of  the  general 
assembly,  as  a  proof  of  their  approbation  of  jour  great  and 
good  conduct,  and  gallant  behavior.  I  heartily  wish  a 
better  could  have  been  procured,  but  it  was  thought  the 
best  that  could  be  purchased,  and  was  bought  of  a  gentle- 
man who  had  used  it  but  a  little,  and  judged  it  to  be  elegant 
and  costly.  I  sincerely  congratulate  you  on  your  successes, 
and  wish  you  a  continuation  of  them,  and  a  happy  return 
to  your  friends  and  country;  and  am,  sir,  with  great  regard, 
your  most  obedient  servant, 

"John  Page,  Lieutenant-Governor." 

It  will  be  seen  from  this  letter  that  the  first  sword  was 
not   made  especially   for  George   Rogers   Clark,   but   had 
56 


S;^)  WHICH  SWORD  WAS  DESTROYED. 

been  "bought  of  a  gentleman  who  had  used  it  but  a  lit- 
tle." It  was,  therefore,  a  second-hand  sword  and,  although 
"elegant  and  costly,"  as  the  lieutenant-governor  says,  he 
took  care  to  add,  "  I  heartil)'  \\'ish  a  better  could  have  been 
procured;"  and  no  doubt  Clark  was  not  enthused  with  the 
idea  that  a  second-hand  sword  was  exactly  the  thing  for 
A'irginia  to  give  a  man  who  had  done  so  much  for  the  state. 
In  all  probability  A^irginia  came  to  the  same  conclusion 
thirty-three  }-ears  later,  and  made  reparation  by  sending 
hinr  a  new  sword,  manufactured  expressl}'  for  him  at  the 
armory  of  the  state,  with  all  the  engraving  and  ornamen- 
tation suitable  to  the  period  of  his  great  achievements,  as 
contemplated  in  the  law  of  1779.  It  is  not  likely  Vir- 
ginia stopped  to  inquire  whether  the  second-hand  sword 
had  been  destroyed  b}'  Clark  in  a  tit  of  anger,  or  would 
have  treasured  it  against  him  if  she  had  known  it  to  be 
true.  Xor  is  it  presumable  that  the  first  sword,  not  made 
for  Clark  at  all,  but  bought  from  a  gentleman  who  had 
already  used  it  as  stated,  contained  such  engraving  and 
ornamentation  as  is  on  the  sword  reproduced  in  these  vol- 
umes. And,  lastly,  it  seems  most  probable  that  the  sword 
now  in  existence,  and  pictured  here,  is  tlie  sword  ordered 
by  the  act  of  the  Virginia  Legislature  of  181 2,  and  that 
its  engraving  and  ornainentation  was  made  to  correspond 
with  the  period  of  the  /fr^/ sword,  and  as  a  substitute  for  it. 
That  law  provided  that, 

"Whereas,  The  General  Assembly  of  Virginia  have  ever 
entertained  the  highest  respect  for  the  unsullied  integrity, 
the  valor,  the  military  enterprise  and  skill  of  General 
George  Rogers  Clark,  to  whom,  and  to  his  gallant  regi- 
ment (aided  bv  the  justice  of  their  cause  and  the  favor  of 


LAW   IM^OVIDINC;   FOR  THE  SEC-OXI)   S\\'ORn.  S77 


heaven),  the  state  of  \''ir>;inia  \-\as  indebted  for  the  exten- 
sion of  her  boimdaries  from  the  Atlantie  to  the  Mississippi; 
and,  whereas,  the  general  assembly  have  been  informed 
that  the  hand  of  misfortune  has  overtaken  this  veteran 
chief,  and  that  he,  ^hose  name  was  once  a  host,  tilling  his 
friends  with  confidence  and  his  foes  with  disma}',  is  no\\' 
himself  a  victim  of  age  and  of  disease,  and  a  dependent  on 
the  bounty  of  his  relatives: 

"Be  it  therefore  enacted.  That  the  governor  of  this  com- 
monwealth shall  be  and  is  hereby  authorized  and  requested 
to  ha^•e  manufactured,  at  the  armor}-  of  this  state,  a  s\^'ord, 
with  suitable  devices  engraved  thereon,  and  to  cause  the 
same  to  be  presented  to  General  George  Rogers  Clark,  ac- 
companied with  an  expression  of  the  gratitude  and  friendly 
condolence  of  the  general  assembly  of  Virginia. 

"And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  General  George  Rog- 
ers Clark  shall  be  and  is  hereby  placed  on  the  list  of  pen- 
sioners, and  that  he  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  annually 
from  the  public  treasury  one-half  of  the  full  pa}'  which  he 
received  as  colonel  of  the  Illinois  regiment;  that  is,  imme- 
diately after  the  passage  of  this  act,  the  sum  of  four  hun- 
dred dollars,  and  annually  thereafter,  on  the  first  dav  of 
January  of  every  year,  the  sum  of  four  hundred  dollars; 
and  the  auditor  of  public  accounts  is  required  to  issue  his 
warrants  therefor,  payable  out  of  any  monev  in  the  treas- 
ury.      This  act  shall  be  in  force  from  the  passage  thereof. 

"February  20,  181 3." 

Some  further  interesting  details  in  relation  to  the  origin 
and  passage  of  the  bill  directing  the  presentation  of  the 
second  sword  to  General  Clark  are  found  in  a  letter  from 


SyS  LETTER  FROM  THE  AUTHOR  OF  THE  LAW. 

Hon.  Charles  F.  ^Nlercer,  the  member  who  introduced  it, 
to  a  friend  in  Kentuck)-.  It  is  particular!}-  valuable  in 
showing  that  the  sword  then  ordered  "was  intended  to  re- 
place the  sword  which  had  been  given  to  him  by  this  state 
man}-  years  ago,  and  which,  under  an  impression  that  Vir- 
ginia had  treated  him  with  injustice,  he  had  proudl}-  broken 
and  thrown  a^\'a}'.''  This  additional  evidence  would  seem 
to  be  decisive  as  to  the  matter  in  question.  The  following 
is  the  letter  in  full: 

"Richmond,  Virginia,  February  21,  1812. 
^^  Joseph  H.  Ha'vkiiis,  Esq.,  Lexington,  Ky.: 

"I  have  it  in  my  power  to  communicate  to  you  one  of 
the  most  interesting  events  which  has  occurred  to  me  in 
the  course  of  my  short  public  life.  Our  legislature  ad- 
journed this  morning,  and,  in  doing  so,  terminated  the 
longest  session  which  we  have  had  since  the  foundation  of 
the  commonwealth.  Yesterday  I  asked  leave  to  bring  in 
a  bill,  to  be  entitled  a  bill  concerning  General  George  Rog- 
ers Clark.  My  object  was  to  secure  to  him  the  half  pay 
of  a  colonel  for  the  residue  of  his  life,  and  to  replace  the 
sword  which  had  been  given  to  him  by  this  state  many 
years  ago,  and  which,  under  an  impression  that  Virginia 
had  treated  him  with  injustice,  he  had  proudly  broken  and 
thrown  away.  Notwithstanding  the  nature  of  my  request, 
the  lateness  of  the  session,  the  prejudices  always  operating 
against  appropriations  of  money,  the  speed  with  which  the 
law  must  be  hurried  through  the  two  houses  if  it  passed  at 
all,  I  had  the  happiness  to  secure  its  passage  through  both 
branches  of  the  legislature  on  the  same  day.  It  was  en- 
rolled last  night,  and  subscribed  by  our  speakers  to-day.     I 


LETTER  FROM  THE  AUTHOR  OF  THE  LAW.      879 


am  sure  this  event  will  give  you  some  part  of  the  satisfaction 
which  I  have  enjoyed,  and  I  therefore  communicate  it  to  you. 
I  have  jvist  enclosed  to  Major  Croghan  a  copy  of  the  law  for 
General  Clark.  It  announces  to  him  that  he  is  entitled  to 
draw  from  our  treasur}-,  when  he  pleases,  the  sum  of  four 
hundred  dollars;  and  on  the  first  day  of  January,  ever 
after,  a  like  amount.  It  apprises  him  of  the  high  sense 
which  his  native  state  entertains  of  his  integrity  as  a  man, 
and  his  undaunted  courage  and  consummate  skill  and  ad- 
dress as  a  soldier;  and  it  informs  him  that  the  governor  of 
this  commonwealth  will  have  manufactured,  at  the  armory 
of  Virginia,  a  sword,  with  suitable  devices  engraved  upon 
it,  and,  when  completed,  will  cause  it  to  be  presented  to 
him,  with  an  expression  of  the  condolence  of  the  general 
assembly  of  Virginia  for  his  misfortunes,  and  their  grati- 
tude for  his  meritorious  services.  I  hope  what  I  have  done 
will  meet  with  his  approbation.  I  should  not  have  delayed 
it  till  so  late  a  period  of  the  session,  but  the  calamity  which 
I  have  before  mentioned,  and  other  business,  either  en- 
grossed my  time  for  the  last  fortnight  or  incapacitated  mj^ 
mind  for  any  exertion,  until  yesterda}-;  and  I  could  not 
but  resolve  to  avail  myself  of  the  only  opportunity  I  might 
ever  have,  of  being  instrumental  in  the  accomplishment  of 
so  signal  an  act  of  justice.  That  General  Clark's  feelings 
might  not  be  hurt  by  the  failure  of  such  an  effort  in  his  be- 
half, I  implored  the  house  to  deny  me  leave  to  bring  in  the 
bill  which  I  read,  on  the  motion,  unless  it  would  agree 
afterwards  to  pass  it.  Accordingly,  on  every  question  to 
which  it  gave  rise  we  had  a  majority,  after  the  leave  was 


SSo   GOVERXOR  BARBOUR  IXFORINIS  GENERAL  CLARK. 


granted,  of  more  than  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  pres- 
ent. 

"I  could  not  forbear  communicating  to  you  what  has 
interested  me  so  much,  as  even  to  withdraw  my  imagina- 
tion from  the  grave  of  my  poor  brother. 

"Sincerely  yours,  C.  F.  Mercer." 

This  action  of  the  Virginia  assembly  was  communicated 
to  General  Clark  by  James  Barbour,  governor  of  that  state, 
in  the  following  eloquent  and  appropriate  letter: 

''Council  Chamber,  Richmond,  October  29,  1812. 

"Sir — The  representatives  of  the  good  people  of  Vir- 
ginia, convened  in  general  assembly,  duly  appreciating  the 
gallant  achievements  during  the  Revolutionary  War  of 
3'ourself,  and  the  brave  regiment  under  your  command,  by 
which  a  vast  extension  of  her  empire  was  effected,  have 
assigned  to  me  the  pleasant  duty  of  announcing  to  jou  the 
sentiments  of  exalted  respect  they  cherish  for  you,  and  the 
gratitude  they  feel  at  the  recollection  of  your  unsullied  in- 
tegrity, valor,  enterprise  and  skill.  Having  learned  with 
sincere  regret  that  you  have  been  doomed  to  drink  the  cup 
of  misfortune,  they  have  requested  me  to  tender  you  their 
friendly  condolence.  Permit  me,  sir,  to  mingle  with  the 
discharge  of  my  official  duty  an  expression  of  my  own 
feelings. 

"The  history  of  the  Revolution  has  always  engaged  my 
deepest  attention.  I  have  dwelt  with  rapture  upon  the  dis- 
tinguished part  3-ou  acted  in  that  great  drama,  being 
always  convinced  that  it  only  wanted  the  adventitious  aid 
of  numbers  to  make  it  amongst  the  most  splendid  exam- 
ples of  skill   and  courage   which   any  age  or  country  has 


GOVERNOR  HARBOUR   NO'l'IMES  O  I<:N1-:RAI.  CI.ARK.       HHi 


produced.  I  feel  a  conspicuous  pride  at  the  recollection 
that  the  name  of  Clark  is  compatriot  with  ni}-  own.  I,  too, 
most  sincerely  sympathize  with  you  in  your  adverse  fate, 
and  deeply  deplore  that  the  exenin^-  of  3'our  life,  whose 
morning  was  so  brilliant,  should  be  clouded  with  misfor- 
tune. The  general  assembly  of  Virginia  have  placed 
among  their  archives  a  monument  of  their  gratitude  for 
your  servdces,  and,  as  a  small  tribute  of  respect,  have  di- 
rected that  a  sword  should  be  made  in  our  manufactory, 
with  devices  emblematic  of  your  actions,  and  have  also  di- 
rected that  four  hundred  dollars  should  be  immediately 
paid,  as  also  an  annual  sum  to  the  same  anrount.  I  lament 
exceedingly  that  any  delay  should  have  occurred  in  this 
communication.  Vou  will  readily  believe  n'te  when  I  as- 
sure you  it  arose  from  the  tardiness  of  the  mechanic  em- 
ployed in  completing  the  sword.  It  is  now  finished  and  is 
sent  herewith.  I  shall  take  pleasure  in  obeying  your  com- 
mands as  to  the  transmission  of  the  money  to  which  3-ou 
are  entitled.  You  will  have  the  goodness  to  acknowledge 
the  receipt  of  this  as  soon  as  your  convenience  will  per- 
mit.     I  am,  sir,  with  sentiments  of  high  respect, 

"Your  obedient  servant,  James  Barbour. 

"General  George  Rogers  Clark,  Louis\'ille,  Kentucky. 

"N.  B. — Having  been  disappointed  in  the  convevance 
calculated  upon,  for  the  present  the  sword  will  be  retained 
for  a  new  opportunity,  or  until   I  receive  your  commands. 

"J.  B.-->'^ 

*  Journal  of  the  House  of  Delegates  of  the  Commonwealth  of  \'irginia, 
1812,  p.  30, 


882   MAJOR  CROGHAN  REPLIES  FOR  GENERAL  CLARK. 


After  General  Clark  was  stricken  with  paralysis  he  was 
taken  to  the  residence  of  his  sister,  Mrs.  Croghan,  in  Ken- 
tucky, near  Louisville,  where  he  remained  the  rest  of  his 
life.  When  Mr.  Barbour's  letter  arrived  General  Clark 
was  too  much  disabled  to  answer  it  in  person,  and  it  was 
replied  to  b}'  his  brother-in-law,  Major  William  Croghan, 
from  "near  Louisville,  Kentuck}-,  December  15,  iSiz,"  as 
follows: 

"Sir — General  George  Rogers  Clark,  by  a  paralytic 
stroke  he  received  about  three  3'ears  ago,  being  deprived  of 
the  use  of  his  right  side,  and  unable  to  write,  requests  I 
would  infonn  Your  Excellency  that  by  the  last  mail  he  re- 
ceived your  very  flattering  letter  of  the  29th  of  October, 
where  you  do  hiin  the  honor  of  approving  in  the  highest 
manner  his  conduct  as  an  officer  in  the  service  of  the  state 
of  Virginia  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  This  letter  of 
yours,  with  the  ver}'  honorable  manner  his  name  is  men- 
tioned by  the  general  assembly  in  their  law  of  last  session, 
have  engraved  on  his  breast  sentiments  of  the  highest  re- 
spect and  gratitude.  Flattering,  indeed,  he  sa3-s,  it  is  to 
hiin  to  find  that  his  exertions,  when  doing  his  duty,  should 
meet  the  approbation  of  so  respectable  a  body  of  his  fel- 
low-citizens as  Your  Excellency  and  the  general  assem- 
bly of  Virginia.  The  general  flatters  himself  that  a  con- 
veyance will  soon  offer,  by  which  the  sword,  voted  to  him 
by  the  general  assembly,  may  be  forwarded.  Should  he 
hear  of  any  person  coming  from  Virginia  to  this  state,  he 
says  he  will  get  them  to  apply  for  it.  He  is  much  obliged 
by  your  polite  offer  of  transmitting  to  him  the  money  the 
assembly  voted  him  last  session,  and  sa3's  he  will  probably 


GENERAL  CLARK  AI'l'ARENTLY  NOT  DISPLEASED.        8S3 

take  the  liberty  of  troubling  you.  The  general  requests 
me  to  make  a  tender  to  you  of  his  thanks  for  your  very 
polite  and  friendly  attention  to  him.  I  am,  with  great  re- 
spect, Your  Excellency's  most  obedient  servant, 

'•W.  Croghan."* 

This  letter  of  Major  Croghan  shows  conclusively  that 
General  Clark  was  gratified  at  the  action  of  the  Virginia 
legislature,  and  that  the  traditions  which  attribute  to  him 
the  destruction  of  the  sword  presented  at  that  time  are  not 
well  founded.  It  is  much  more  likelv  that  he  destroj-ed 
the  first  sword  presented  him — that  is  the  second-handed  one 
— at  about  the  time  he  was  living  on  the  charity  of  his  rela- 
tives, sick  and  suffering;  when,  after  long  years  of  fruit- 
less appeals  for  a  settlement  of  his  account  against  Virginia, 
he  wrote  his  brother,  "that  it  was  as  just  as  the  book  we 
swear  by,"  but,  at  last,  gave  up  in  despair  all  hope  of  col- 
lecting it,  saying  he  must  look  somewhere  else  for  bread. 

It  is  said  that  the  second  sword  was  presented  by  General 
C.  F.  Mercer,  the  gentleman  who  had  introduced  the 
measure  in  the  Virginia  legislature,  and  that  he  made  the 
presentation  in  a  graceful  way  with  some  complimentar}' 
remarks  befitting  the  occasion.  General  Clark  was  then  old 
and  decrepit,  one  leg  gone,  the  other  paralyzed,  and  all  the 
energy  and  ambition  of  his  younger  days  had  departed. 
Earthly  honors  could  be  of  little  moment  to  him  then,  as 
he  sat  there  in  his  invalid  chair  and  listened  to  the  polished 
Virginian's  eloquent  words.  He  took  the  beautiful  un- 
sheathed sword,  and  holding  it  before  him  on  his  two  open 

*  Journal  of  the  House  of  Delegates  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia,  1S13, 
p.  loi. 


884  HOW  HE  RECEIVED  THE  SWORD. 


hands,  looked  at  it  long  and  earnestly.  Doubtless  at  the 
moment  his  memory  dwelt  upon  the  glories  of  Kaskaskia 
and  \'incennes,  and  it  is  not  likely  he  either  broke  the 
sword  or  received  it  with  insulting  or  bitter  words. 

It  is  much  more  probable  that  another  version  of  the  pre- 
sentation is  true,  and  that  he  simply  said,  in  a  feeble  voice, 
broken  b}-  tears,  ''you  have  made  a  very  handsome  address, 
and  the  sword  is  very  handsome,  too.  When  Virginia 
needed  a  sword,  I  gave  her  one.  I  am  too  old  and  infirm, 
as  3''ou  see,  to  ever  use  a  sword  again,  but  I  am  glad  that 
ni}'  old  mother  state  has  not  entirely  forgotten  me,  and  I 
thank  her  for  the  honor  and  you  for  your  kindness  and 
friendlv  words." 


HIS  DEATH. 


887 


At  this  time,  however,  General  Clark  was  in  such  a  fee- 
ble and  failing  condition  that  the  honors  of  the  world  had, 
largely,  if  not  entirety,  lost  their  value  to  him.  He  was 
a  paralyzed,  and,  already,  partially  dead  man;  and  in 
that  helpless  and  hopeless  condition  he  lingered  on  until 
the  final  end  came  on  Friday  morning,  February  13,  18 18, 
when  he  died  at  the  house  of  his  sister,  Mrs.  Lucy  Croghan, 


-  ^i^mmm.-\v 


'.■imtAi' 


I  !fr;  I 


tUmi^(ii^r\mitM 


Hllllt|Htllll(1(ltll(   i 


pilitmii 


THE  HOUSE  WHERE  GENERAL  CLARK  DIED. 


at  Locust  Grove,  near  Louisville,  which  had  been  his  home 
since  his  terrible  affliction.  The  house  is  still  standing 
in  a  fair  state  of  preservation,  and  a  picture  of  it,  from  a 
photograph,  is  here  given. 

The  death  of  General  Clark,  although  not  unexpected,  cast 
a  gloom  over  the  whole  community,  and  steps  were  promptly 
taken  at  Louisville  to  honor  his  memory  by  general  attend- 


!Sy8  HIS  DEATH. 


ance  and  suitable  ceremony-  at  his  funeral.  The  newspapers 
of  the  da)-  paid  <i;lowing  tributes  to  his  merit  and  gave 
voice  to  the  general  grief  of  the  public  at  his  loss.  Extracts 
from  onlv  two  of  these  notices  \\-ill  be  g-iven  here.  The 
]Vesteni  Courier  of  Louisville,  in  its  first  issue  after  his 
death,  said: 

"\\"e  are  called  upon  to  record  the  death  of  another 
Revolutionar}-  hero! 

"General  George  Rogers  Clark,  with  whose  name  should 
ever  be  associated  the  worth  of  philanthropy,  the  ^'irtue  of 
patriotism,  the  adroitness  and  humanity  of  a  general,  is 
no  more!  He  expired  on  Frida}'  last  at  his  late  residence 
at  Locust  Grove,  in  his  sixt3'-sixth  year. 

"Were  we  able  to  represent  the  hero  as  he  really  was, 
could  we  make  known  to  his  countrymen  the  dangers,  the 
difficulties  he  underwent,  as  a  sacrifice  for  the  blessings  we 
now  enjoy,  what  a  monument  of  unerring  gratitude  would 
raise  to  his  memorj'!  Could  they  in  any  degree  be  familiar 
with  the  scenes  of  heroism  and  generalship  which  charac- 
terized him  on  his  inilitary  campaigns  in  the  west,  the 
finger  of  justice  would  point  to  him  as  second  only  in  skill 
and  value  of  achievement  to  our  immortal  Washington. 

"Honored  at  an  early  period  in  our  history  with  the 
command  of  an  army,  destined  to  operate  against  the 
British  and  savage  allies,  then  the  sole  occupants  of  these 
(now)  western  states,  undismayed  by  the  dangei"s  and  dif- 
ficulties that  frowned  upon  him,  as  he  and  his  little  band 
gallantly  sallied  forth,  he  is  to  be  seen  at  one  period  hum- 
bling the  pride  of  Britain,  by  subduing  her  disciplined 
armies,  at  another  routing   the  fiercer  savages  from   their 


NEWSPAPER  NOTICES  OF  HIS  DEATH.  S.Scj 


haunts,  preparin<i,-  the  fertile  rcL^ions  of  the  west  for  tlie 
residenee  of  a  population  who  were  proud  of  him  as  a 
countryman,  and  were  read^'  to  improve  upon  a  purchase 
with  which  his  gallantry  had  blessed  them. 

''The  legislature  of  his  native  state  testified  by  sev- 
eral acts  their  high  admiration  for  him.  He  was  pre- 
sented by  them,  on  two  different  occasions,  with  an  ele- 
gant sword,  and  on  the  last  occasion  \\'ere  pleased  to  add: 
"The  legislature  of  Virginia  have  ever  entertained  the 
highest  respect  for  the  unsullied  integrit}',  the  valor,  the 
military  enterprise  and  skill  of  General  George  Rogers 
Clark,  to  whom  and  to  his  gallant  regiment  (aided  bv 
the  justice  of  the  cause  and  the  favor  of  heaven)  the  state 
of  Virginia  was  indebted  for  the  extension  of  her  bounda- 
ries froin  the  xVtlantic  to  the  Mississippi.'  But  enough; 
let  the  historian  perform  his  part,  and  we  \^'ill  have  the 
greater  cause,  in  consideration  of  his  character,  to  boast  of 
our  being  Americans." 

The  Keiitucly  Reporter  of  Februar}-  25,  iSiS,  an- 
nounced his  death  as  follows: 

"Flow  are  the  mighty  fallen. 

"At  the  shrine  of  grief  we  must  once  more  offer  up  our 
sad  devotion!  It  becomes  our  painful  dut}-  to  record  the 
death  of  the  father  of  the  western  country,  the  illustrious 
General  George  Rogers  Clark.  Fie  expired  at  his  resi- 
dence, at  Locust  Grove,  on  Frida}',  the  13th  instant,  in  the 
sixty-sixth  )'ear  of  his  age. 

"Could  our  feeble  talents  enable  us  to  delineate  the  dis- 
tinguished  acts   of  patriotism,  of  valor,  and  philanthrop}-. 


890  NEWSPAPER  NOTICES  OF  HIS  DEATH. 


that  characterized  the  existence  of  this  illustrious  chief, 
what  a  spectacle  would  we  present  to  the  admiring  world. 
While  banqueting  in  the  sunshine  of  wealth  and  political 
glory,  can  we  be  unmindful  that  these  are  the  proud  ti'o- 
phies  bequeathed  us  b}-  the  toils  and  valor  of  this  illustri- 
ous man?  Earlj'  in  life  he  embarked  in  the  cause  of  his 
countrj\  This  western  country  was  the  great  theatre  of 
his  actions.  Bold  and  enterprising,  he  was  not  to  be  dis- 
mayed by  the  dangers  and  difficulties  that  threatened  him, 
by  a  force  in  numbers  far  his  superior,  and  removed  to  a 
region  never  before  trodden  by  a  civilized  American.  He 
estimated  the  value  of  its  favorable  result;  he  relied  on  his 
skill  and  courage;  he  knew  the  fidelit}' of  his  little  band  of 
associates,  and  for  him  it  was  enough.  With  this  little  band 
of  Spartans  he  is  seen  piercing  the  gloom  of  the  seques- 
tered forests,  illuminating  them  in  quick  succession  with  the 
splendor  of  his  victories,  and  early  inviting  his  countrj-men 
to  a  residence  his  courage  and  skill  had  purchased  for 
them.  The  fall  of  Kaskaskia,  Cahokia,  Vincennes,  etc., 
will  ever  remain  a  monument  of  his  skill  and  courage. 

"The  exalted  standing  he  enjoyed  in  the  estimation  of 
the  citizens  of  this  town  was  realized  in  the  grief  they  dis- 
played on  hearing  of  his  death,  and  the  exertions  they 
made  to  honor  the  recollection  of  this  distinguished  man." 

The  court  of  chancer}-,  which  was  then  in  session,  par- 
ticipating in  the  general  grief,  adjourned;  and  the  follow- 
ing resolutions  were  adopted  by  the  bar: 

'  Louisville,  Friday  morning,  February  13,  181 8. 

'The  melancholy  intelligence  of  the  death  of  the  illustri- 
ous and  ever-to-be-lamented  General  George  Rogers  Clark, 


LOUISVILLE  COURT  PASSES  RESOLUTIONS.  89I 


having  been  announced,  the  court  of  chancery  immediately 
adjourned  for  the  da)-;  and  the  members  of  the  bar,  hav- 
ing convened,  adopted  the  following  resolutions: 

'Resolved,  That  the  members  of  the  bar  will  attend  the 
interment  of  General  Clark. 

'Resolved,  That  John  Rowan,  Esq.,  one  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  bar,  be  and  is  hereby  requested  to  deliver  a 
funeral  oration  at  the  place  of  interment. 

'Resolved,  That  the  members  of  the  bar,  as  a  testi- 
mon}-  of  their  respect  for  the  memory  of  General  Clark, 
will  wear  crape  on  the  left  arm  for  thirty  days. 

'Resolved,  That  James  D.  Breckinridge  and  Frederick 
W.  S.  Grayson  wait  on  Major  William  Croghan,  com- 
municate the  foregoing  resolutions  to  him,  and  request  his 
approbation  thereof.  Worden  Pope,  Chairman. 

'Minor  Sturgus,  Secretary.' 

Notwithstanding  the  disagreeableness  of  the  da)'  of  his 
interment,  the  crowd  that  assembled  to  pay  this  last  tribute 
to  his  remains  was  very  great.  It  was  a  source  of  melan- 
choly gratification  to  those  present  to  see  iningling  with  the 
crowd  a  few  of  his  old  Revolutionary  associates. 

General  Clarkwas  buried  on  Sunday  the  i8th  of  February. 
We  learn  from  the  papers  of  the  day  that  "the  Reverend 
^Ir.  Banks  officiated  in  his  professional  capacity  by  offering 
up  an  appropriate  prayer  to  the  throne  of  grace,  and  was 
succeeded  by  the  Honorable  John  Rowan,  in  a  pathetic  and 
impressive  eulogy  on  the  character  of  the  ever-memorable 
hero.  The  peal  of  artillery  announced  the  commencement 
of  the  procession  which  was  to  escort  the  remains  of  this 

renowned  warrior  to  his  last  abode.      Minute  guns  were 

57 


892  THE  FUNERAL. 


fired  during  the  ceremon}',  and  until  the  mound  of  earth 
was  raised  upon  that  form  which  was  once  the  shield  of  his 
country  and  the  terror  of  her  foes." 

It  is  sad  to  lift  the  veil  covering  General  Clark's  deplor- 
able condition  after  the  paralj'tic  stroke  but  the  requirements 
of  the  truth  of  histor}-  make  it  necessarj-,  at  least  to  a  cer- 
tain extent.  ^Vfter  that  affliction  he  was  never  again  sound 
in  bod}',  nor  did  he  entirely  retain  his  usual  vigor  of  mind. 
On  the  latter  point  Samuel  Gwathmey,  who  was  a  member 
of  the  legislative  council  of  Indiana  territory,  and  other- 
wise prominentl}'  connected  with  the  early  history  of  both 
Indiana  territory  and  Kentucky,  testified  that  "he  fre- 
quently saw  General  Clark  both  before  and  after  this  afflic- 
tion of  paral3'sis,  and  after  said  affliction  his  mind  was 
impaired  and  memor}^  defective."  Mrs.  Clark,  another 
witness  in  the  saine  case,  testified  that  she  knew  General 
Clark  "well  and  intimately,  for  many  years  before  his  death, 
and  that,  after  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis,  his  bodily 
infirmities  and  afflictions  had  been  so  great,  and  bore  so 
heavily  upon  his  mind,  and  had  so  impaired  his  faculties,  as 
to  render  him  almost  a  child.  His  afflictions  also  rendered 
him  incapable  of  moving  about.  .  .  .  His  speech  also 
became  much  impaired,  so  much  so  that  his  most  familiar 
frends  could  scarcely  and  with  difficulty  understand  him." 
Testimon}'  of  other  witnesses  was  of  like  import. 

So  great  was  the  wreck  of  this  once  powerful  body  and 
mind  that  for  j-ears  before  his  death  he  could  not  even  write 
his  name.      It  will  be  seen  from  the  following  paper,  pur- 

his 

porting  to  be  his  will,  that  it  is  signed   "G.  R.   X  Clark." 

m  ark 


WILL  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK.  893 


It  is  dated  November  5,  1815,  two  or  three  years  before 
his  death,  and  about  the  same  time  Major  Croghan  answered 
John  Barbour's  letter,  for  General  Clark,  because  the  gen- 
eral was  then  imable  to  write  himself,  showing,  conclusively, 
that,  for  many  3-ears  before  his  death,  he  was  in  a  decrepit 
and  helpless  condition. 

THE  \\ILL  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 

On  the  15th  of  November,  181 5,  a  paper  was  drawn  up 
which  \\'as  intended  to  bequeath  a  part  of  the  property  of 
George  Rogers  Clark  to  certain  of  his  relatives.  As  this 
document  was  afterwards  considered  and  its  validit}'  deter- 
mined b}'  the  court  of  chancery,  it  is  copied  here  in  full: 

"I,  George  Rogers  Clark,  of  Jefferson  count}-,  of  the 
state  of  Kentucky,  being  of  sound  inind,  do  constitute  and 
make  this  my  last  will  and  testament. 

"Item.  I  do  by  these  presents  give  and  bequeath  unto 
my  friend  William  Croghan,  Senior,  three  thousand  six 
hundred  acres  of  land  situate,  lying  and  being  in  the  count}- 
of  Bracken,  on  Locust  creek,  it  being  a  part  of  a  survey  of 
eight  thousand  acres  surveyed  in  the  name  of  G.  R.  Clark 
and  John  Crittenden  the  13th  of  June,  1797,  on  a  treasury 
v,-arrant  No.  ic;,i47.  Also  three  thousand  nine  hundred 
and  twenty  acres  below  Mayfield  creek  on  the  ^Mississippi, 
which  I  claim  on  an  entry  made  in  Lincoln  ofBce  the  24th 
November,  1781,  to  him  and  his  heirs  and  assigns  forever. 

"Item.  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  m}-  brother  "William 
Clark  all  the  lands  and  claims  which  I  may  o\\'n  or  be 
entitled  to  northwest  of  the  Ohio  river,  to  him  and  his  heirs 
and  assigns  forever. 


894  WILL  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 

''Item.  I  give  and  bequeath  to  my  nephews,  John  O'Fal- 
lon  and  Benjamin  O'Fallon,  my  fifteen  hundred  acre  claim 
of  land,  part  of  warrant  No.  2,293,  allowed  me  for  military 
services  and  entered  loth  of  April,  1785,  on  Clark  river,  a 
branch  of  Tennessee,  said  to  include  a  silver  mine;  also  six 
hundred  acres  of  land,  a  part  of  a  fifteen  hundred  acre  sur- 
ve}"  on  Cumberland  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Little  river,  in 
equal  proportions  to  them  and  their  heirs  and  assigns  for- 
ever. 

''Item.  I  give  and  bequeath  to  my  brother  William 
Clark,  my  friend  Major  William  Croghan,  Owen  Gwath- 
mey,  and  Davis  Fitzhugh,  my  claim  to  the  locator's  fees  or 
part  of  an  entry  of  one  hundred  and  one  thousand  acres 
made  by  me  in  the  surveyor's  office  of  Lincoln  countj^, 
which  lands  are  situated  between  Tennessee  river  and  the 
River  ^Mississippi.  Also  all  my  lands  and  claims  of  every 
description  not  otherwise  disposed  of,  to  them  and  their 
heirs  and  assigns  forever. 

"In  testimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and 
affixed  my  seal,  this  fifth  day  of  November,  181 5. 

his 

"G.  R.  X  Clark,    [seal.] 

mark 

"Signed,  sealed  and  acknowledged  in   the   presence  of 
Joel  Carpenter,  John  Croghan,  AVm.  Christy. 
"State  of  Kentucky: 

"At  a  county  court  held  for  Jefferson  county,  in  the  state 
aforesaid,  at  the  court-house  in  the  city  of  Louisville,  on  the 
fourth  day  of  October,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
thirty,  the  foregoing  instrument  of  writing  purporting  to  be 
the  last  \\ill  and  testament  of  George  Rogers  Clark,  de- 


A>[1CA1'.LI<;  SLUT  TO  TEST  X'ALIDITY  OF  THE  WTIJ..       89^ 


ceased,  late  of  said  scr/'d  county  was  produced  in  court  and 
proved  by  tlie  oath  of  John  Croghan,a  subscribing  witness 
thereto,  and  estabhshed  by  the  said  court  to  be  the  last  will 
and  testament  of  the  said  George  Rogers  Clark  and  was 
ordered  to  be  recorded  and  is  recorded.  And  on  the  motion 
of  George  Woolfolk,  who  made  oath  according  to  law,  ad- 
ministration of  the  estate  of  said  Clark  with  his  said  \^'ill 
annexed  was  granted  by  said  court  to  the  said  U^oolfolk, 
whereupon  he  gave  bond  with  George  C.  Gwathney  and 
Samuel  Gwathney,  his  securities,  in  the  penalt}?  of  thirt}- 
two  thousand  dollars,  pa3'able  to  the  commonwealth  of 
Kentucky  and  with  the  condition  thereto  annexed  required 
by  law.  Teste:     AVordex  Pope,  Clerk. 

''Attest:     Geo.  H.  Webb,  Clerk. 

"[A  cop3^J  By  G.  C.  Roberts,  Deputy  Clerk. 

"August  10,  1894." 

This  will  was  probably  not  written  by  a  person  learned  in 
the  law.  It  did  not  cover  all  the  estate,  but  made  specific 
bequests  of  certain  land  claims,  and  was  silent  as  to  his  per- 
sonal property,  which,  in  the  absence  of  any  provisions  on 
the  subject  (if  the  will  would  stand  at  all), would  be  left  to 
be  divided  among  all  his  legal  heii's,  according  to  the  law 
of  descents  of  the  state.  It  is  possible,  but  not  probable, 
that  it  was  thought  at  the  time  that  he  had  no  other  estate 
than  that  specifically  disposed  of  by  this  document.  His 
brother.  General  William  Clark,  and  other  of  the  principal 
heirs,  understood  it  as  only  intending  to  dispose  of  the  land 
claims  specifically  mentioned  in  it. 

That  there  was  doubt  about  its  validit}^  as  a  will,  and  its 
legal  effect,  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  it  was  not 


S96  DECIDED  TO  BE  INVALID  AND  SET  ASIDE. 


presented  and  proved  in  court  until  October  14,  1830, 
nearly  thirteen  j-ears  after  General  Clark's  death;  but,  as 
there  \\'as  no  contest,  it  was  recorded  as  a  matter  of  course. 
In  the  meantime  it  had  become  known  that  large  sums, 
which  General  Clark  always  claimed  Virginia  owed  him, 
but  which  she  failed  to  pa}'  in  his  life-time  when  he  was  in 
financial  as  well  as  ph3-sical  distress,  might  now  be  collected 
by  the  representatives  of  his  estate.  It  was  a  similar  case 
to  that  of  the  claim  of  Colonel  Francis  Vigo,  referred  to  in 
a  previous  chapter. 

There  was  now  a  pressing  necessity  that  it  should  be 
judiciall}'  determined  how  this  money  should  be  divided  so 
as  to  do  substantial  justice  between  the  legal  heirs  of  Gen- 
eral Clark,  and,  to  that  end,  in  May,  183^,  a  suit  was 
brought  in  the  Louisville  Chancery  Court,  asking  judgment 
of  the  court  as  to  whether  the  paper,  purporting  to  be  the 
will,  was  a  legal  will  or  not,  and,  if  found  not  to  be  that  it 
be  set  aside,  and  the  estate  divided  among  the  legal  heirs  as 
though  it  had  never  existed.  It  was,  in  the  main,  an 
amicable  suit  made  necessary  by  the  particular  conditions 
which  had  arisen.  The  great  number  of  the  heirs,  and 
the  complications  which  arose  by  deaths,  marriages,  and 
intervening  interests,  kept  the  matter  in  court  a  great  many- 
years.  Finally,  at  the  November  term,  185 1,  the  court,  on 
the  finding  of  the  jury,  set  aside  the  alleged  will;  all  of 
which  is  more  fully  set  forth  in  the  proceedings,  which 
will  be  found  in  the  appendix.  These  proceedings  contain 
much  valuable  information  as  to  General  Clark's  life  and 
condition  after  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis,  and  as  to 
who  were  his  legal  heirs.  The  author  is  under  the  im- 
pression that  they  have  never  before  been  published. 


CHAPTER  XXIII. 

Burial  place  of  George  Rogers  Clark — Location  of  the  graves  of  the  Clark 
family  in  Cave  Hill  Cemetery — Inscriptions  on  the  grave-stones — \'isit  of  the 
author  to  these  graves — Reflections  upon  there  being  no  monuinent  to  honor 
General  Clark's  memory — Steps  taken  to  secure  one  in  connection  with  the 
great  Indiana  soldiers'  monument  at  Indianapolis — Successful  efforts  in  that 
direction — Description  of  the  monument — Abortive  movements  of  Ken- 
tucky and  the  United  States  to  erect  a  monument — Opinions  of  eminent 
men  of  George  Rogers  Clark  and  his  services  to  his  country. 

IJr^ENERAL  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK  was  buried 
;^^V;  Sunda}',  February  15,  1818,  in  a  private  burying 
ground  at  Locust  Grove,  the  country  seat  of  his  brother- 
in-law  and  sister,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Croghan,  situ?ted  a  few 
miles  above  Louisville.  His  body  reposed  in  this  beauti- 
ful but  secluded  spot  for  over  half  a  century,  when  his  rela- 
tives determined  to  remove  it  to  the  great  public  cemetery 
which  had  been  established  nearer  the  city,  known  as  Cave 
Hill. 

Suitable  preparations  were  made  for  the  delicate  and  in- 
teresting event,  and  on  the  29th  of  October,  1869,  it  was 
carried  into  successful  execution.  It  was  not  done,  how- 
ever, without  some  difficulty  in  finding  the  body  at  once, 
as  the  author  was  informed  by  Colonel  Reuben  T.  Dur- 

(897) 


898  REMO\'AL  OF  GENERAL  CLARk's   REMAINS. 


rett,  of  Louisville,  who  \\'as  present  on  the  solemn  occasion. 
The  grave  had  neither  monument  nor  head-stone  to  identify 
it.  If  there  ever  had  been  anything  to  mark  the  grave  it 
had  disappeai^ed  in  the  long  lapse  of  years,  and  other  graves 
had  accumulated  in  the  immediate  locality  where  his  was 
supposed  to  be. 

The  fact  that  he  had  lost  a  leg,  and  had  been  buried  in 
military  clothes,  made  easier  what  otherwise  might  have 
been  a  difficult  or  impossible  undertaking.  It  proved  per- 
plexing enough,  even  with  these  unusual  means  of  identifica- 
tion. A  grave  was  opened,  and,  as  the  body  was  reached, 
all  present  were  filled  with  respectful  expectation,  but  it 
proved  not  to  be  the  remains  of  George  Rogers  Clark. 
Grave  after  grave  proved  alike  disappointing,  and  those 
engaged  in  the  work  were  about  despairing  of  success 
when  the  ninth  grave  was  opened,  and  the  light  once  more 
fell  upon  all  that  remained  of  the  body  of  the  conqueror  of 
Kaskaskia  and  Vincennes. 

The  military  buttons  and  absence  of  the  left  leg  above 
the  knee  made  the  identity  absolutely  certain,  but  there 
was  nothing  of  the  body  left  but  the  skeleton  and  hair,  the 
latter  being  of  reddish  gra\',  which,  it  was  thought,  might 
have  been  partly  stained  b\'  the  earth  or  decaying  coffin. 
The  remains  were  removed  to  the  beautiful  Cave  Hill 
Cemetery  in  October,  1869,  and  reinterred  without  cere- 
mony in  ground  gently  sloping  to  the  north,  near  a  prom- 
inent drive,  section  P,  lot  number  245. 

At  the  same  time,  or  about  the  same  time,  the  bodies  of 
his  brothers,   General    Jonathan   Clark   and   Captain   Ed- 


PLACED  IN  CA\K  HILL  CiLMKTltRY.  899 


mund  Clark,  and  some  other  members  of  the  family,  were 
removed  from  other  burying  grounds  and  placed  by  his  side. 

^^'hile  the  removal  of  the  remains  of  General  George 
R-Ogers  Clark  to  the  great  repository  of  the  dead  of  the 
city  of  Louisville  was  proper,  there  is  something  sad  in 
contemplating  its  separation  from  the  bodies  of  his  kindred 
at  Locust  Grove,  where  it  had  so  long  reposed,  and  es- 
pecially from  that  of  his  sister,  at  whose  home  he  died,  and 
where  he  lived  many  years  before  his  death.  The  house 
is  still  standing  as  it  was  at  that  day,  and  a  picture  of  it, 
from  a  photograph,  has  been  given  in  a  previous  chapter. 

The  author  was  told  that  the  bodies  of  Mrs.  Cro^han 
and  other  members  of  the  family  still  remain  at  Locust 
Grove,  but  whether  from  preference  of  the  surviving  rela- 
tives, or  because  the  graves  or  the  bodies  could  not  be 
identified,  he  was  not  informed. 

These  latter  reasons  are  understood  to  have  prevented 
the  removal  of  the  bodies  of  George  Rogers  Clark's  father 
and  inother  from  Mulberry  Hill,  and  they  are  still  reposing 
on  a  beautiful  elevation  of  the  old  homestead,  from  which 
the  city  of  Louisville  can  be  seen. 

Several  other  members  of  the  Clark  family  are  buried  in 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  grave  of  General  George  Rog- 
ers Clark  in  Cave  Hill  Cemetery,  and  a  picture  from  a 
photograph  of  the  locality  is  here  given — also  a  rough  dia- 
grain  of  the  location  of  the  graves,  each  grave  being  indi- 
cated by  a  number. 

The  six  graves  are  marked  with  head-stones  of  the  usual 


900 


THE  CLARK  GRAVES. 


size  and  construction,  being  about   two  and  one-half  feet 


EUPHORBIA 


ALLEY 


1         2         :^,  i         5         6 


20'- 00" 


high.  They  bear,  re- 
spectively, the  following 
inscriptions: 

Grave  No.  i — Gener- 
al George  Rogers  Clark. 
Born  O.  S.  November 
9,  1752.  Died  Febru- 
ary 13,  1818. 

Grave    No.    2 — Cap- 
tain   Edmund    Clark. 
_1     Born     September    25, 
1762.     Died  1817. 
Grave    No.    3 — General 
Jonathan  Clark.     Born  O. 
S.  August    I,  1750.     Died 
November  25,  181 1. 

Grave  N  o  .  4 — S  a  r  a  h 
Hite,  wife  of  Jonathan 
Clark.  BornMayii,  1758. 
Died  October,  1818. 

Grave  No.  5 — John  Hite 
Clark.      Born  September  29,  1785.      Died  spring  of  1820. 
Grave  No.  6 — IsaacClark.    Born  October  6,  1787.    Died 
February  27,  1868. 

In  the  square  marked  7  stands  a  family  monument  of 

General  Jonathan  Clark.      It  is  of  medium  size,  of  reddish 

Scotch  granite,  and  inscribed  on  the  several  sides  as  follows: 

South  side — In  memory  of  General  Jonathan  Clark  and 

his  wife  Sai^ah  Hite. 


Lot  No.  245,  Section  P. 

No.  or 
Grave 

Name  of  Deceased. 

1. 

Gen'l  Geo.  Rogers  Clark. 

^i 

Capt.  Edmund  Clark. 

3. 

Gen'l  Jonathan  Clark. 

4. 

Mrs.  Sarah  Hite  Clark. 

5. 

John  Hite  Clark. 

6. 

Isaac  Clark. 

/ . 

Gen'l  .Tonathan  Clark's 

family  monument. 

THE  Cl.AKK  GRA\ES.  903 


East  side — William  Clark.  Born  November  13,  1795. 
Died  February  3,  1879.  Francis  T.  Clark.  Born  July  4, 
1S07.      Died  September  10,  1852. 

North  side — Eleanor  E.  Temple,  John  II.  Clark,  Isaac 
Clark,  Ann  Pearce,  William  Clark,  George  W.  Clark, 
children  of  Jonathan  and  Sarah  Clark,  erected  by  Isaac 
Clark. 

The  west  side  has  no  inscription. 

Some  distance  east  of  General  George  Rogers  Clark's 
grave  are  two  graves  with  head-stones,  marked  "William 
Clark  and  F.  T.  Clark."* 

The  author  spent  several  hours,  of  a  bright  afternoon  in 
the  fall  of  1891,  in  this  beautiful  cemetery;  but,  with  all  its 
attractions,  found  no  spot  in  it  so  full  of  interest  as  the 
humble  grave  of  George  Rogers  Clark,  who  rendered  his 
country  great  service,  without  adequate  reward  while  living, 
or  a  monument  to  mark  his  grave  when  dead,  although  it 
is  in  sight  of  the  city  he  founded,  and  the  teiritory  he 
conquered  from  a  foreign  foe.  There  was  nothing  but  a 
little  head-stone,  costing  less  than  one  hundred  dollars,  to 
mark  the  last  resting  place  of  the  man  who  had  so  largely 
contributed  to  the  conquest  of  the  great  territory  northwest 
of  the  Ohio. 

Recalling  the  generosity  of  Kentucky  in  building  a  monu- 
ment to  Boone,  the  thought  naturally  followed  as  to  wh}' 
Clark  had  not  been  similarly  recognized  by  that  state; 
but  reflection  brought  the  realization  that  this  was  an  ob- 

*  Immediately  north  of  these  graves,  the  drive-way  only  intervening,  the 
author  found  the  grave  of  Lovel  H.  Rousseau,  another  general  connected  with 
Indiana  history,  he  having  been  a  member  of  the  legislature  of  that  state  several 
years. 


904     MO\'EMENT  FOR  A  STATUE  OF  CLARK  AT  INDIANAPOLIS. 


ligation  resting  quite  as  much  on  Indiana  as  Kentuck}-. 
The  principal  event  of  his  military  life,  the  capture  of  Vin- 
cennes,  occurred  on  Indiana  soil;  he  had  for  a  time  been 
one  of  her  citizens,  and  her  territorywas  composed  entirely 
of  country  which  he  captured  from  the  British.  The  au- 
thor as  an  Indianian  felt  that  Indiana  should,  at  least,  do 
her  share  in  honoring  the  memory  of  General  George 
Rogers  Clark. 

Fortunately,  the  state  of  Indiana,  at  that  time,  was  en- 
gaged in  the  construction,  at  the  center  of  its  capital  city,  of 
one  of  the  finest  military  monuments  in  the  world,  and  the 
author  determined  to  make  an  effort  to  secure,  in  connec- 
tion Math  it,  the  erection  of  a  bronze  statue  of  General 
Clark,  as  a  representative  soldier  of  the  Revolutionary  War 
period,  in  connection  with  siinilar  statues  of  three  other 
representative  men  of  other  important  military  epochs,  as 
hereafter  explained. 

The  movement  was  inaugurated  February  25,  1892,  the 
one  hundred  and  thirteenth  anniversary  of  the  capture  of 
Fort  Sackville,  in  an  address  by  the  author  before  the  In- 
diana Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution. 
Some  extracts  from  this  address  and  the  proceedings  which 
led  to  the  success  of  the  movement  will  be  found  in  the 
appendix.  The  statue  of  General  Clark,  a  picture  of  which 
vrill  be  seen  on  the  opposite  page,  was  placed  on  its  pedes- 
tal February  25,  1S95. 

The  artist,  J.  H.  Mahoney,  Esq.,  "represents  Clark  at 
the  supreme  moment,  when  all  the  fire,  energy  and  pa- 
triotism of  his  stern  and  earnest  nature  was  aroused  to  ac- 
complish his  purpose. 


(teTwES-  ■■•"-■''V>>. 


l^tm^lRs  ruin. 

(•iinrHvv-ror  i,.- '.iivii-ionia 
on  Trie  aRinsfl 


,9.9.'J.9  0» 


•*'T''~'T7TwrmtftnBMmTiiii^iiiTiWtfLT^^^ 


THE  GEORGE  ROGERS  OLAKK  STATUE 
MoNUjrENT  Plack,  IxniANAPOLrS,  Ind. 


THE  INDIANA  STATUE  OF  GENERAL  CLARK.  907 


"Stepping  rapidly  forward  and  upward  from  the  last 
flooded  prairie  that  he  had  to  cross  to  reach  Vincennes, 
his  sword  drawn  and  grasped  firmlj^  in  his  right  hand,  his 
left  arm  and  hand  flung  up  with  a  beckoning  gesture,  call- 
ing and  urging  his  followers  up  and  on  to  victory;  the 
head  turned  to  left,  looking  in  the  direction  of  his  soldiers; 
a  face  full  of  courage  and  determination  is  turned  back- 
ward, and,  looking  downward,  hurries  on  the  forward 
movement  of  the  figure. 

"The  face  is  a  thin,  determined  aquiline  visage,  express- 
ing a  vehement  will  that  drags  onward  whatever  it  seizes 
upon. 

"The  event  and  the  action  are  well  depicted:  the  figure 
is  that  of  a  typical  pioneer  soldier  of  the  colonial  period, 
the  uniform  and  accessories  being  simple  and  realistic. 
The  figure  itself  is  full  of  life,  action  and  movement,  and 
its  attitude  is  suggestive  of  leadership." 

The  statue  is  of  standard  bronze;  its  height  is  eight  feet 
three  inches  to  top  of  hat,  and  is  mounted  on  a  pedestal 
twelve  feet  high. 

A  bronze  plate,  donated  by  the  author  to  the  state,  is 
set  into  the  face  of  the  pedestal  and  bears  the  inscription 
in  large  raised  letters: 

General 

George  Rogers  Clark, 

Conqueror 

OF  THE  Country 

Northwest  of  the  River  Ohio 

From  the  British, 

1778-9. 

58 


9o8       FAILURE  OF  OTHER  ATTEMPTS  TO  ERECT  A  STATUE. 

The  legislature  of  Kentucky  many  3/ears  ago  provided 
for  the  removal  of  General  Clark's  body  to  the  capital  of 
that  state,  and  for  the  erection  of  a  monument  there  to  his 
memory,  but  it  was  not  carried  into  execution  because,  as 
understood,  of  the  unwillingness  of  the  family  to  have  the 
remains  removed  to  that  place. 

With  all  the  profuse  expenditure  by  congress  for  the 
adornment  of  Washington  City  and  the  capitol  building 
with  paintings  and  statues  of  historic  characters,  one  will 
look  in  vain  for  Clark,  Bowman,  Vigo,  Gibault,  or  any 
one  else,  as  far  as  can  here  be  recalled,  that  would  be  es- 
pecially commemorative  of  the  acquisition  of  the  territory 
northwest  of  the  Ohio  river,  which  was  certainly  one  of  the 
most  important  events  which  has  occurred  in  the  history 
of  the  country. 

In  1888,  when  the  attention  of  the  country  was  specially 
called  to  the  great  value  of  the  acquisition  of  the  Northwest 
Territory  by  the  centennial  celebration  at  Marietta,  Ohio, 
in  July  of  that  year,  the  senate  of  the  United  States,  appar- 
ently inspired  by  the  occasion,  passed  a  bill,  while  the  cele- 
bration was  in  progress,  which  provided,  "That,  in  recog- 
nition of  the  eminent  services  to  his  country  of  General 
George  Rogers  Clark  in  the  occupation  and  conquest  of  the 
northwestern  territory  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  the 
sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  be,  and  the  same  is 
hereb}',  appropriated  out  of  any  money  in  the  treasury  not 
otherwise  appropriated,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  in  the 
city  of  Louisville,  in  the  state  of  Kentucky,  a  monument 
to  his  memory,  to  be  expended  under  the  direction  and 
control  of  the  secretary  of  war.     And  said  monument  shall 


WHAT  EMINENT  MEN  HAVE  SAID  OF  GENERAL  CLARK.     909 

be  located  on  a  suitable  site  in  said  city;  said  site  and  the 
title  thereto  to  be  approved  by  the  secretary  of  war." 

This  meritorious  bill  went  to  the  house  and  was  referred 
to  the  committee  on  the  library,  and  reported  back  favor- 
able on  the  24th  of  the  month,  and  was  then  referred  to 
the  committee  of  the  whole.  The  centennial  celebration 
had  adjourned  five  days  before,  and  the  patriotic  impulse 
which  seemed  to  move  congress  for  a  time  apparently  sub- 
sided, as  the  bill,  it  appears,  has  never  been  heard  of 
since.* 

The  favorable  estimate  placed  upon  George  Rogers  Clark 
and  his  services  by  Thomas  Jefferson,  Patrick  Henry,  and 
other  of  the  leading  men  who  were  contemporary  with 
him,  has  already  been  stated,  and  a  few  opinions  of  men  of 
high  character  of  later  periods  will  now  be  given,  showing 
that  the  favorable  impressions  have  been  strengthened  with 
time,  and  indicating  that  which  will  stand  as  the  verdict  of 
history. 

Judge  Jacob  Burnett,  in  his  notes  of  "The  Early  Settle- 
ment of  the  Northwest  Territory,"  re- 
lates that  he  visited  General  Clark  in 
the  latter  part  of  December,  1779,  at 
Locust  Grove,  Kentucky,  and  that  at 
that  time  the  general's  health  was 
much  impaired,  "but  his  majestic  per- 
son, strong  features  and  dignified  de- 
portment gave  evidence  of  an  intelli- 
g-ent,  resolute  mind.  He  had  the 
JACOB  BURNETT,  appearauce   of   a   man  born  to  com- 

mand and   fitted  by  nature  for  his  destiny.      There  was  a 

*  Vol.  19  Cong.  Record,  Pt.  7,  ist  Sess.  50th  Congress. 


9IO     WHAT  EMINENT  MEN  HAVE  SAID  OF  GENERAL  CLARK. 

gravity  and  solemnity  in  his  demeanor  resembling  that 
which  so  eminently  distinguished  'the  venerated  father  of 
his  country.'  A  person  familiar  with  the  lives  and  charac- 
ter of  the  military  veterans  of  Rome,  in  the  days  of  her 
greatest  power,  might  readily  have  selected  this  remark- 
able man  as  a  specimen  of  the  model  he  had  formed  of 
them  in  his  own  mind;  but  he  was  rapidly  falling  a  victim 
to  his  extreme  sensibility,  and  to  the  ingratitude  of  his 
native  state,  under  whose  banner  he  had  fought  bravely 
and  with  great  success. 

"The  time  will  certainly  come,"  adds  Judge  Burnett, 
"when  the  enlightened  and  magnanimous  citizens  of  Louis- 
ville will  remeinber  the  debt  of  gratitude  they  owe  the 
memory  of  that  distinguished  man.  He  was  the  leader  of 
the  pioneers  who  made  the  first  lodgment  on  the  site  now 
covered  by  their  rich  and  splendid  city.  He  was  its  pro- 
tector during  the  years  of  its  infancy  and  in  the  period  of 
its  greatest  danger.  Yet  the  traveler  who  has  read  of  his 
achievements,  admired  his  character,  and  visited  the  thea- 
tre of  his  brilliant  deeds,  discovers  nothing  indicating  the 
place  where  his  remains  are  deposited,  and  where  he  can 
go  and  pay  a  tribute  of  respect  to  the  memory  of  the  de- 
parted and  gallant  hero." 

Colonel  Reuben  T.  Durrett,  in  the  "Centenary  of  Louis- 
ville," said  of  Clark:  "He  was  a  man  of  quick  perception 
strong  mind,  unmeasured  courage  and  untiring  energy; 
and  his  capture  of  the  British  posts  in  the  Illinois  country, 
with  an  inadequate  number  of  undisciplined  troops,  ranks 
him  among  the  first  captains  of  his  age.  None  but  a  mili- 
tary genius  of  the  first  order  could  have  planned  and  exe- 


WHAT  EMINENT  MEN  HAVE  SAID  OF  GENEI^L  CLARK.     9 II 

cuted  the  capture  of  Vincennes  in  the  winter  of  1779.  It 
required  a  bold  and  comprehensive  military  mind  to  see 
and  determine  that,  unless  he  should  capture  Governor 
Hamilton  at  Vincennes  during  the  winter  of  1779,  that 
same  Governor  Hamilton  would  capture  him  at  Kaskaskia 
so  soon  as  the  spring  opened.  Having  reached  his  conclu- 
sion, neither  the  drowned  lands  of  Illinois,  over  which  he 
had  to  march  one  hundred  and  sixty  miles  from  Kaskaskia 
to  Vincennes,  nor  the  disparit}'  of  numbers  could  swerve 
him  from  his  purpose.  He  and  his  soldiers  had  to  wade 
through  overflowed  lands  breast-deep  and  swim  rivers 
raging  with  icy  waters  until  they  reached  their  object.  It 
was  one  of  the  boldest,  most  trying,  most  difficult  and  most 
hazardous  expeditions  ever  undertaken  and  pushed  to  a 
successful  conclusion.  Louisvillians  are  justly  proud  to  be 
of  a  city  which  can  assign  its  origin  to 
such  a  hero.  .  .  .  He  was  not  only 
the  founder  of  the  city  of  Louisville,  but 
his  victorious  arms  conquered  that  vast 
territor}'  out  of  which  the  great  states  of 
Illinois,  Indiana,  Ohio,  Michigan,  Wis- 
consin, and  that  part  of  Minnesota  on 
this  side  of  the  Mississippi,  were  made. 
REUBEN  T.  DURRETT.  Hls  wonderful  insight  into  Indian  char- 
acter won  hostile  tribes  to  the  Revolutionary  cause,  in  spite 
of  the  lavish  gifts  of  the  British;  and,  if  his  splendid  mili- 
tary genius  had  had  the  support  it  deserved,  his  victories 
on  this  side  of  the  AUeghanies  would  have  shortened  the 
War  of  the  Revolution.  .  .  .  The  time  must  come 
when  a  grateful  people  will  recognize  his  glorious  deeds  by 
erecting  to  his  memory  a  monument  worthy  of  his  fame." 


912      WHAT  EMINENT  MEN  HAVE  SAID  OF  GENERAL  CLARK. 


John  B.  Dillon,  the  father  of  Indiana  history,  says  of 
Clark's  campaign  that  "with  respect  to 
iiA'SsL  ""■  ^^^  magnitude  of  its  design,  the  valor 
and  perseverance  with  which  it  was  car- 
ried on,  and  the  momentous  results 
which  were  produced  by  it,  the  expedi- 
tion stands  without  a  parallel  in  the 
early  annals  of  the  Mississippi." 

"His  life  and  services,"  says  Gov- 
ernor John  Reynolds  of  Illinois,  "stands 
JOHN  B.  DILLON.  ynrivalcd  in  the  west  during  the  Revo- 
lution, and  will  be  handed  down  to 
the  latest  posterit}'  with  great  honor 
and  glory.  He  may  with  proprietv 
be  styled  the  Western  Washington; 
and,  as  such,  should  have  a  monument 
erected  in  the  west,  to  express  the  grati- 
tude of  the  people  for  his  distinguish- 
ed and  efficient  services  in  defending 
the  Mississippi  valley  in  the  Revolu- 
tion."* 

John  Fisk,  in  his  American  Revolution,  says:  "In  the 
gallery  of  our  national  heroes,  George 
Rogers  Clark  deserves  a  conspicuous 
and  honorable  place.  It  was  due  to  his 
boldness  and  sagacity  that,  when  our 
commissioners  at  Paris,  in  1782,  were 
engaged  in  their  difficult  and  delicate 
work  of  thwarting  our  not  too  friendly 

I  -  =m-: "[  3    French   ally,  while   arranging  terms  of 

ijH.s  iisK.  peace  with  the  British  enemy,  the  forti- 

Historical  Magazine,  1S57,  Vol.  1,  p.  170. 


JOHN    REYNOLDS. 


J(«««te 


'^-l-  fi 


WHAT  EMINENT  MEN  HAVE  SAID  OF  GENERAL  CLARK.      913 


fied  posts  on  the  Mississippi  and  the  Wabash  were  held  by 
American  garrisons.  Possession  is  said  to  be  nine  points 
in  the  law,  and,  while  Spain  and  France  were  intriguing  to 
keep  us  out  of  the  Mississippi  valley,  we  were  in  posses- 
sion of  it.  The  military  enterprise  of  Clark  was  crowned 
by  the  diplomacy  of  Jay." 

Judge  Henry  Pirtle,  of  Kentucky,  saj's  in  the  Ohio  Valley 
Historical  Series  No.  3:  "September  3,  17S3,  the  definite 
treaty  of  peace  and  boundary  between  the  United  States 
and  England  was  signed  at  Paris  by  Hartley  for  Eng- 
land, and  Adams,  Franklin  and  Jay 
for  the  United  States.  Surely  all  that 
had  followed  the  campaign  of  Colo- 
nel Clark  had  been  well  debated  and 
considered,  and  but  for  our  holding 
the  country  under  military  and  civil 
rule,  as  much  a  part  of  the  United 
States  as  any  other  portion  of  its  ter- 
ritory, we  would  have  had  our  boun- 
dary, not  the  east  bank  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, but  the  east  bank  of  the 
Ohio,  or  the  ridge  of  the  Alleghanies.  In  contemplat- 
ing the  depth  of  our  gratitude,  let  us  think  whether  New 
Orleans  and  St.  Louis,  and  all  the  great  country  of  Louisi- 
ana, would,  in  any  reasonable  probability,  have  been  pur- 
chased of  the  first  consul,  and  come  to  us  through  Mr. 
Jefferson,  but  for  this  campaign  of  Clark.  No,  certainly 
not.  This  magnificent  country,  made  of  this  and  other 
purchases,  now  extending  as  one  with  us  to  the  north  Pa- 
cific, might  to  this  hour  have  been  broken  from  us  at  the 
mountain's  summit  or  the  river's  shore." 


HEXRY  PIRTLE. 


914      WHAT  EMINENT  MEN  HAVE  SAID  OF  GENERAL  CLARK. 


rHEODORE   ROOSEVELT. 


In  that  interesting  and  valuable  work  recently  issued, 
called  "The  Winning  of  the  West,"  Mr.  Roosevelt,  the 
author,  says:  "Much  credit  belongs  to  Clark's  men,  but 
most  belongs  to  their  leader.  The  boldness  of  his  plan 
and  the  resolute  skill  with  which  he  ^,_^,.,^^,„,„,..„^„_,,^^ .^ :.^^,..,:^„ 
followed  it  out,  his  perseverance 
through  the  intense  hardships  of  the 
midwinter  march,  the  address  with 
which  he  kept  the  French  and  In- 
dians neutral,  and  the  masterful  waj- 
in  which  he  controlled  his  own  troops, 
together  with  the  ability  and  courage 
he  displayed  in  the  actual  attack, 
coinbined  to  make  his  feat  the  most 
memorable  of  all  the  deeds  done 
west  of  the  AUeghanies  in  the  Revolution  at}'  War.  It  was 
likewise  the  most  important  in  its  results,  for,  had  he  been 
defeated,  we  would  not  only  have  lost  the  Illinois,  but  in 
all  probability  Kentucky  also." 

James  A.  Garfield,  the  twentieth  president  of  the  United 
States,  said  of  General  Clark,  in  a 
public  address:  "The  cession  of  that 
great  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio 
river,  under  the  treaty  of  1783,  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States,  was  due,  mainly,  to  the  fore- 
sight, to  the  courage,  and  the  endur- 
ance of  one  man,  who  never  received 
from  his  country  any  adequate  recog- 
nition for   his   great  services.      That 


JAMES    A.  GARFIELD, 

man  was  George  Rogers  Clark. 


WHAT  EMINENT  MEN  HAVE  SAID  OF  GENERAL  CLARK.      915 


"There  was  no  hero  of  the  Revolution,"  said  the  Hon. 

John  W.  Daniel,  in  a  speech  in  the  United  States  senate, 

"who  did  a  cleaner  or  better 
piece  of  work  than  George  Rog- 
ers Clark;  and  there  is  none  who 
can  stand  by  him,  or  be  men- 
tioned on  the  same  page  with 
him,  who  has  been  so  much  neg- 
lected." The  same  speaker  said 
of  him,  in  an  address  at  the  Ma- 
rietta Centennial:  "No  monu- 
j.jiiN  u.i.AisitL.  ment  to   him   has  been   erected; 

no  biography  of  him  has  as  yet  been  written;  but  his  merit 

is  viniversally  acknowledged  by  those  who  have  studied  his 

achievements." 

United  States  Senator  George  F.  Hoar,  of  Massachusetts, 

said,  in  favorably  reporting  a  bill 

to  the  United  States  senate  for  a 

monument  in  honor  of  General 

Clark,   "It  is  enough  to  say  that 

by  one  of  the  most  daring  and 

gallant  exploits    in  our  military 

history,  where  General  Clark  not 

only  risked  his  life  to  capture  a 

superior  British  force  intrenched 

in  a  strong  fortification,  but  also 

took  the  responsibility  of  raising  upon  the  countr}^  the  sup- 
plies needed  for  his  expedition,  our  boundarj^  as  against 

the   British  possessions  in  this  country  was  made  the  lakes 

instead  of  the  Ohio  river." 


GEORGE  F.  HOAR. 


gi6     WHAT  EMINENT  MEN  HAVE  SAID  OF  GENERAL  CLARK. 


LEWIS  COLLINS. 


''He  knew,"  says  Collins's  History  of  Kentucky,  "when 
to  be  mild  and  conciliating — when  to  be 
stern  and  uncompromising.  The  tact 
and  promptitude  with  which  he  adapted 
his  conduct  to  the  exigency  of  the  oc- 
casion has  become  proverbial.  His  ad- 
dress was  wonderful — the  fertility  of  his 
resources  inexhaustible." 

Lyman  C.  Draper  in  "Appleton's 
Cyclopedia  of  American  History,"  says 
"Clark  was  tall  and  commanding,  brave 
and  full  of  resources,  possessing  the  affection  and  con- 
fidence of  his  men.  All  that  rich  domain  northwest  of 
the  Ohio  was  secured  to  the  republic,  at 
the  peace  of  1783,  in  consequence  of  his 
prowess." 

John  Law,  an  eminent  Indiana  jurist, 
statesman  and  historian,  whose  portrait 
is  in  a  previous  chapter,  says,  in  his 
colonial  history  of  Vincennes,  "It  was  a 
conquest  made  under  the  most  trying  and 
adverse  circumstances,  and  with  a  skill 
and  bravery  unsurpassed  in  the  most  glorious  triumphs  of 
the  Revolution.  I  refer  to  the  conquest  of  'Post  Vincennes,' 
and  the  capture  of  Hamilton  and  his  troops  on  the  memo- 
rable 24th  of  February,  1779,  by  General  George  Rogers 
Clark.  To  him,  in  my  opinion,  considering  the  results  of 
that  conquest,  the  vast  addition  of  territory  acquired  by  it, 
and  the  incalculable  advantages  to  the  people  who  now 
occupy  it,  and  to  the  country  at  large,  the  United  States, 


LYMAN  C.  DRAPER. 


WHAT  EMINENT  MEN   HAVE  SAID  OF  GENERAL  CLAKK.      917 


SAMUIil,    MERRILL. 


are  more  indebted  than  to  any  other  general  of  the  Revo- 
lution— Washington  alone  excepted." 

Honorable  Samuel  Merrill,  Senior,  long  prominently 
connected  with  early  Indiana  history,  said: 
"There  are  few  names  among  the  soldiers 
of  the  Revolution,  so  fertile  in  heroes,  that, 
for  meritorious  and  arduous  services,  can 
claim  to  be  preferred  to  that  of  George 
Rogers  Clark.  Others  were  placed  in  more 
conspicuous  situations,  and  they  did  not  fail 
to  perform  brilliant  achievements.  Their 
friends,  the  public  and  history  gave  them  full  credit,  and  a 
grateful  country  remembered  and  repaid  their  services  with 
offices  and  honors.  But  the  theatre  of  General  Clark's  ex- 
ploits was  then  a  distant  and  unknown  region.  Other 
exciting  occurrences  at  the  time  occupied  the  public  mind, 
and  as  he  was  never  disposed  to  be  the  herald  of  his  own 
fame,  so,  though  he  gained  an  empire  for  his  country, 
without  any  other  resources  than  his  own  great  mind,  his 
merits  are  even  now  but  imperfectly  understood  and  appre- 
ciated. He  had  sacrificed  his  private  fortune  for  the  public 
good,  and  as  his  services  were  too  great  to  be  repaid,  they 
could  not  well  be  acknowledged,  and  therefore  the  remnant 
of  his  life  was  spent  in  poverty.  In  a  new  country,  rapidly 
improving,  and  amid  the  hurry  and  bustle  of  care  and  busi- 
ness, when  merit  and  service  did  not  claim  their  reward, 
they  were  sure  to  be  neglected.  These  circumstances  are 
mentioned,  not  as  an  apology,  but  in  explanation  why  the 
memory  of  General  Clark  has  not  been  honored  as  it  de- 
serves.     He  has  long  since  gone  where  neither  the  praise 


9l8     WHAT  EMINENT  MEN  HAVE  SAID  OF  GENERAL  CLARK. 


nor  censure  of  this  world  is  of  any  value;  but  the  present 
generation  owe  it  to  themselves  and  to  those  who  attempt 
to  serve  them,  that  well-deserved  honor,  however  long  de- 
layed, should  at  last  be  rewarded." 

Professor  Burke  A.  Hinsdale  in   his  history  of  the  old 

northwest  truly  says  that ' '  it  would 
not  be  easy  to  find  in  our  history 
a  case  of  an  ofBcer  accomplishing 
results  that  were  so  great  and  far- 
reaching  with  so  small  a  force. 
Clark's  later  life  is  little  to  his 
credit,  but  it  should  not  be  for- 
gotten that  he  rendered  the 
American  cause  and  civilization 
a  very  great  service." 

Jacob  P.  Dunn,  the  author  of  one  of  the  latest  and  best 
histories  of  Indiana,  published  in  the 
American  Commonwealth  series, 
under  the  title  of  "Indiana,  a  Re- 
demption from  Slavery,"  says  it 
was  "a  most  memorable  campaign, 
by  which  the  northwest  was 
brought  into  the  possession  of  the 
"1|  Americans,  and 
secured  to  the 
Union,  in  the  con- 


BLRK1-;    A.    HINSDALE. 


,  „, 

^^ 

,      : 

"  ^ 

W''^  ^ 

■       \ 

1! 

^ 

■: 

JACOB    PIATT  DUNI 


JOHN   RANDOLPH. 


duct  of  which  General  Clark  had  fairlj? 
earned  the  title  of  '  the  Hannibal  of  the 
West,'  and  which  was  afterwards  be- 
stowed upon  him  by  that  eccentric  gen- 


ius, John  Randolph,  of  Roanoke." 


WHAT  EMINENT  MEN   HiVVE  SAIU  OF  GENERAL  CLARK.      919 

James  Parton,  in  his  life  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  said: 
"Virginia  liad  in  tlie  held,  at  that  time,  two  eminent  heroes; 
one  so  known  to  all  mankind  that  he  need  not  be  named; 
the  other  now  almost  fallen  out  of  memory;  one  at  the  head 
of  the  armies  in  America,  the  other  in  the  far  west,  twelve 
hundred  miles  from  the  capital  of  Virginia,  with  a  band  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  kindred  spirits,  holding  back  by  the  force 
of  his  single  will  the  Indians  from  the  frontier  of  his  native 
state.  Georo^e  Rogers  Clark  was  the  name  of  this  other 
hero.  He  was  a  native  of  Jefferson's  own  county  of  Albe- 
marle, 'Our  Colonel  Clark,'  he  calls  him,  a  neighbor  of  the 
governor;  not  twenty-six  j'ears  old  when 
Governor  Plenry  sent  him  into  the 
wilderness  in  the  spring  of  1778,  to 
protect  the  border.  This  hero  is  not 
as  famous  as  Leonidas  or  Hannibal  only 
because  he  has  not  had  such  historians 
as  they.  But  he  defended  the  western 
homes  of  Virginia  precisely  as  Hannibal  '^-^ 
would  have  done."     ...     In  sum- 

/->1         15  •  U*     U  TAMES  PAKTON. 

mmg  up  Clark  s  campaign,  which  re-  ■* 

suited  in  the  capture  of  Kaskaskia  on  the  Mississippi  and 
the  Post  of  Vincennes,  Parton  says  further:  "It  was  Clark's 
audacity,  fortitude  and  skill  that  won  his  victory,  which  in 
its  consequences  was  one  of  the  most  important  of  the  war; 
for  besides  relieving  the  whole  frontier  of  apprehension 
from  the  Indians,  it  confirmed  Virginia's  claim  to  the 
country,  and  had  its  due  weight  in  the  final  negotiations.  In 
short,  George  Rogers  Clark  was  lord  of  the  west,  vice  Plenry 
Plamilton,  deposed,  and  sent  as  a  prisoner  of  war,  with  his 
chief  officers,  to  the  governor  of  Virginia." 


920     WHAT  EMINENT  MEN  HAA'E  SAID  OF  GENERAL  CLARK. 


D.  W.  VOORHEES. 


"For  this  great  and  measureless  em-  - — 
pire  that  came  to  us  in  the  northwest, 
we  are  indel^ted,  in  ni}^  judgment,  to 
George  Rogers  Clark  alone"  said  the 
eloquent  Senator  Daniel  W.  Voorhees, 
of  Indiana,  on  the  floor  of  the  United 
States  senate. 

In  an  address  delivered  by  U.  S.  Sen- 
ator David  Turpie  of  Indiana,  in  Nov.,  1889,  he  said:  "Gen. 
George  Rogers  Clark  ranks  second  only 
to  Washington  among  the  great  soldiers 
and  statesmen  of  our  Revolutionary  area. 
Indiana,  the  scene  of  his  exploits  and 
labors,  ma}-  vie  with  the  other  states  as 
the  theatre  of  historic  action  and  interest. 
During  the  contest  for  independence  and 
years  before  its  close,  Clark  had  added  to  the  dominion  of 
the  United  States  an  area  almost  as  large  as  the  organized 
portion  of  the  original  thirteen  colonies.  Bunker  Hill, 
Saratoga  and  Yorktown  were  notable  victories  but  their 
effects  were  immeasurably  enhanced  by  the  capture  of  Kas- 
kaskia  and  Vincennes.  The  conquest  of  Clark  touched  and 
included  the  region  of  the  great  lakes  as  well  as  the  rivers, 
and  laid  the  foundation  of  the  vast  empire  of  the  new  and 
further  west  which  we  have  since  acquired. 

"One  very  marked  trait  of  his  character  was  modesty. 
In  his  case  the  deed  speaks  for  the  man,  the  rest  is  silence. 
A  silence  which  can  hardly  be  broken  with  adequate  words 
of  admiration  for  the  singular  wisdom,  valor  and  fortitude 
that  achieved  for  us  the  conquest  and  possession  of  the 
northwestern  territory." 


DA\  ID    TL  KPIF 


WHAT  ElMINENT  MEN  HA\'E  SAID  OF  GENERAL  CLARK. 


921 


JOHN   SHERMAN. 


John  Sherman,  a  distinguished  senator  of  the  United 
States,  paid  a  high  tribute  to  General  Clark,  both  on  the 

floor  of  the  senate  and  in  an  address 
before  the  Northwest  Centennial  at 
INIarietta,  in  1888.  Here  are  a  few 
brief  and  eloquent  extracts:  "He 
was  a  great  Virginian,  and  among 
the  illustrious  names  that  have  been 
furnished  by  that  magnificent  state 
to  the  history  of  our  country  there  is 
no  one  among  them  all  M^ho  will  have 
a  greater  or  a  more  poetic  renown 
than  George  Rogers  Clark."  .  .  . 
"This  typical  hero  and  founder  of  five  great  states  was  as 
distinguished  in  the  neglect  and  injustice  done  him  by  his 
countr3'men  as  in  the  brilliancy  and  importance  of  his  serv- 
ice to  his  country.  His  native  state  was  unable  to  pa}'  the 
drafts  drawn  by  their  order  for  supplies.  They  were  pro- 
tested and  the  private  property  of  Colonel  Clark  was  sold 
to  partially  pay  for  public  supplies,  and  impoverished  and 
ruined  by  his  spirited  achievements  he  lived  and  died  a 
dependent  .  .  .  My  countr3'men,  there  ought  to  be  a 
feeling-  of  gratitude  to  a  hero  like  Clark  that  would  cover 
his  grave  with  monuments  and  preserve  his  memory  in 
story  and  song." 

Scharf's  History  of  St.  Louis  City  and  County  says:  "He 
prevented  Spain  and  Great  Britain  from  making  a  partition 
between  them  of  all  the  country  west  of  the  AUeghanies. 
He  rescued  Kentucky  from  the  Indians.  He  took  Kas- 
kaskia,  Cahokia  and  Vincennes,  forcing  the  British  frontier 


C)2Z      WHAT  EMINENT  MEN  HyWE  SAID  OF  GENERAL  CLARK. 


back  to  Mackinac,  Detroit  and  the  lakes.  He  planted  the 
tirst  American  fort  on  the  Mississippi,  founded  Louisville, 
and  by  the  sheer  force  of  the  terror  his  prowess,  military 
genius  and  stern  character  inspired  among  them  compelled 
the  Indians  of  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois  to  withdraw  from 
their  alliance  with  the  English  in  Canada.  In  some  respects 
he  was  the  greatest  general  produced  during  the  Revolu- 
tionary War,  achieving  the  most  positive  results  with  the 
slenderest  means,  and  always  able  to  invent  and  apply  new 
and  original  methods  to  novel  and  unexpected  contingencies. 
His  marches  have  never  been  excelled,  either  by  Frederick 
the  Great,  Napoleon,  or  'Stonewall'  Jackson,  and  no  man 
ever  had  so  much  power  over  the  Indians — a  power  due 
chiefly  to  personal  presence  and  knowledge  of  Indian 
character,  and  one  which,  on  these  great  and  critical  occa- 
sions, enabled  him  to  save  armies  and  prevent  wars  and 
massacres." 

This  chapter  could  be  enlarged  with  numerous  similar 
quotations  but  it  is  deemed  unnecessary,  as  the  judgment  of 
those  most  competent  to  determine  seems  to  be  incorporated 
in  the  extracts  here  given. 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 

ADDITIONAL  SKETCHES  OF  MEN   WHO  SERVED  UNDER 
GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 

John  Sanders — Major  Thomas  Quick — Captain  Richard  Brashear — Lieutenant 
Richard  Harrison — Lieutenant  John  Gerault — Lieutenant  Michael  Perault — 
General  Robert  Todd — Captain  Levi  Todd — Ebenezer  and  John  Severns — 
Edward  Bulger — Captain  Abram  Chaplain — ^James  Curry,  Levi  Teall  and 
Joseph  Anderson — Colonel  William  Whitley' — ^John  Paul — Buckner  Pittman, 

JOHN  SANDERS. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  when  George  Rogers  Clark 
was  about  to  leave  the  Ohio  river  on-  his  march  across  the 
wilderness  to  attack  Kaskaskia,  he  happened  to  meet  a 
party  of  friendly  hunters  familiar  with  that  place,  and  em- 
ployed one  of  them,  John  Sanders  b}-  name,  to  act  as  guide. 
There  were  no  established  roads  at  that  day,  and  the  coun- 
try was  entirely  wild  and  unsettled;  but  Sanders  claimed 
to  know  the  way,  and  Clark,  after  consultation  with  his 
officers,  employed  him.  All  went  smoothly,  for  a  time, 
but  the  third  day,  when  far  out  in  the  wilderness,  poor 
Sanders  became  confused,  then  bewildered,  and  finally 
entirely  lost.  His  condition  was  much  aggravated  by 
the  distrust  which  speedily  arose  among  Clark's  men,  some 
of  whom  boldly  declared  that  they  believed  him  to  be  a 
spy,  and  that  he  was  purposely  misleading  them.  It  was 
a  very  serious  and  alarming  condition  for  Clark's  forces  to 
be  in,  and  Clark  told  Sanders,  frankly,  that  he  would  cer- 
tainly be  killed  if  he  did  not  prove  himself  innocent  by 
59  (923) 


JOHN   SAXDERS,  THE  IJEWILDERED  GUIDE.  925 

speedily  finding  the  wa}\  Sanders  lield  up,  under  the 
trj-ing  circumstances,  as  best  lie  could,  and  at  last  recog- 
nized some  natural  objects  which  enabled  him  to  get  in  the 
proper  route  again.  He  not  only  proved  faithful  as  a  guide, 
but  throughout  the  campaign;  and  he  became  so  much  at- 
tached to  Colonel  Clark  that  when  that  officer  returned  to 
the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  and  made  his  headquarters  there, 
Sanders  settled  there  also,  and  soon  became,  in  his  peculiar 
lines,  quite  a  man  of  business  for  that  day.  In  other  times, 
and  with  other  surroundings,  with  his  peculiar  attributes,  he 
probably  would  have  become  a  merchant  prince,  or  a  great 
banker.  There  was  much  originality  and  enterprise  in  his 
undertakings,  and  some  of  them  were  so  novel  as  to  be  in- 
teresting, aside  from  their  connection  with  Colonel  Clark's 
military  operations.  At  that  da}?  it  was  an  exceedingly  diffi- 
cult thing  to  supply  the  soldiers  with  meats,  the  chief  reliance 
being  game,  and  as  the  game  grew  scarcer  and  wilder  the 
difficult}'  increased  and  became  quite  a  serious  matter.  In 
this  dilemma  Sanders,  ever  fruitful  of  expedients,  contracted 
with  his  old  commander,  Clark,  and  another,  to  establish 
a  hunting  agency  "for  the  purpose  of  procuring  beef  (pre- 
sumably buffalo),  bear  meat,  bear's  oil  and  venison  hams, 
and  for  curing  them,"  etc.  The  original  of  this  curious 
contract  is  in  possession  of  Colonel  Durrett,  of  Louisville, 
who  has  kindly  permitted  it  to  be  copied  into  this  work: 

"Articles  of  agreement  entered  into  this  i8th  day  of 
October,  1784,  between  General  George  Rogers  Clark  and 
Alex.  Skinnor,  physician,  on  the  one,  and  John  Saunders 
of  the  other  part,  all  of  Jefferson  county,  in  the  state  of 
Virginia,  and  county  of  Kentucky,  witnesseth  that  the  said 


926   Sanders's  curious  contr/vct  with  general  clark. 

General  G.  Rogers  Clark  and  Alexander  Skinnor  are  to 
furnish  on  their  part  three  men  and  one  pack-horse,  with 
salt  and  ammunition  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  hunt, 
procuring  beef,  bear  meat,  bear's  oil  and  venison  hams, 
and  curing  them  in  a  proper  manner  of  keeping  sound  and 
fit  for  use  during  the  winter  and  spring.  That  the  said 
Sanders  on  his  part  is,  as  a  hunter,  to  use  every  possible 
means  to  procure  the  said  meats,  etc.,  by  pitching  upon 
good  hunting  grounds  and  being  assiduously  industrious, 
and  the  said  Saunders  is  to  see  that  the  meat  is  properl}^ 
salted  at  the  camp  and  send  it  from  time  to  time  to  the  falls 
of  the  Ohio.  The  bear's  oil  properly  cured  and  the  hams 
properly  dried,  the  meat  to  be  delivered  to  the  said  Skin- 
nor at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio — to  be  disposed  of,  or  put  in 
bulk  or  dried  as  may  be  most  convenient.  The  said  Saun- 
ders, in  consideration  of  this  duly  and  faithfully  to  be  per- 
formed, is  to  be  entitled  to  one-third  of  all  the  meat  and  oil 
so  to  be  procured,  which  third  part  shall  either  be  sold  when 
a  market  offers  on  its  arrival  at  the  falls  or  preserved 
with  the  rest,  he  paying  his  proportion  of  any  further  cur- 
ing that  may  be  necessary  when  it  arrives  at  the  falls,  or  it 
shall  be  delivered  to  his  order  at  the  aforesaid  falls.  The 
said  Saunders  further  to  assist  in  building  such  boat  or  boats 
as  are  necessary  for  the  business,  and  to  furnish  one  pack- 
horse  and  engages  not  to  spend  his  time  in  procuring  and 
curing  skins  unnecessarily.  But  such  as  he  may  procure 
without  anv  interruption  to  the  other  business  he  is  to  have 
clear  to  himself.  To  the  just  and  faithful  performance  of 
the  above  from  the  ist  of  November,  1784,  to  the  middle 
of  January,  1785,  if  the  hunting  season  should  continue  so 


Sanders's  curious  contract  wtjh  generai.  clark.    927 


/7     <^~^  sic 


long.  The  parties  aforesaid  jointly  and  severally  bind 
themselves  in  the  penalty  of  one  hundred  pounds.  In  wit- 
ness whereof  they  have  hereunto  set  their  hands  and  seals 
the  day  and  year  above  written. 

"G.  R.  Clark.       [seal.] 
"Alex.  Skinnor.  [seal.] 
"John  Sanders,    [seal. J 
''Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  in  presence  of  Benjamin 
Roberts,  Daniel  Rhoads." 

This  fac-simile  of  the 
.   -  .  signature  of  Sanders 

^-^      />"»-  '^^v-ti'/^  ^j^g  taken  from  his  sig- 
nature to  the  foregoino-  contract. 

Sanders  executed  other  interesting  papers,  and  a  fac- 
simile is  here  given      f    ^^^--^ 

of  one  he  executed     ti  -     /)   '-"'^^ 

to  .he  celebrated         ^'^^^'^^  /^ &-(me^ 

pioneer  Daniel  Boone,  whose  signature  is  on  the  back  of 
the  certificate. 

The  original  of  this  specimen  of  earl}-  pioneer  currenc}', 
for  it  was  used  as  money,  is  also  in  possession  of  Colonel 
Durrett,  who  explains  it,  and  Sanders's  banking  house, 
and  system  of  banking,  in  this  interesting  wav: 

"A  crude  kind  of  banking  was  conducted  in  Louisville 
in  early  times  b}'  a  man  named  John  Sanders.  In  the 
spring  flood  of  1780  a  large  flat-boat  was  floated  to  a  lot  on 
the  northeast  corner  of  Main  and  Third  streets.  Sanders 
made  the  boat  fast  to  a  tree,  and  when  the  water  subsided 
it  rested  on  dry  land.  Sanders  then  put  a  roof  on  the  boat, 
and   prepared   it  with  doors  and  windows   for  a  kind  of 


^ 


£]> 


•  o        c-ii     >^       C)    "^       - 

^     3^  ^  ^  -^   ^      ^ 


\j 


^      ^    o 
^  ^  1 


O) 


O 


O 


I 


c«^ 


-s- 


<?Li 


O 


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^ 


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OnJ 


-^ 


O^ 


-p- 


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O 


^    ^    -k  -^ 


^ 


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<P 


A  CTIRIOUS  PIONEER  liANK.  929 


warehouse,  which  he  called  his  'keep.'  Here  he  would 
receive  the  skins  of  fur-bearing  animals  from  the  pioneers, 
and  issue  receipts  for  them,  which  we  would  call  certificates 
of  deposit.  These  certificates  circulated  as  a  kind  of  cur- 
rency, and  really  did  the  work  of  modern  bank  notes.  As 
the  skins  would  accumulate  the  stock  was  depleted  by 
traders,  who  readily  bought  them,  or  they  were  sent  to  the 
markets  of  the  east  or  south  as  opportunity  offered.  When 
the  skins  for  which  a  certificate  had  been  issued  were  sold, 
the  certificate  was  called  in  and  paid  off.  The  skins  of  the 
beavers  were  the  favorites,  and  these  animals  were  abun- 
dant in  the  neighborhood  of  the  falls  for  many  j'ears.  The 
remains  of  their  work  in  enlarging  some  ponds  and  diminish- 
ing others,  and  in  making  dams  across  Beargrass  and 
other  creeks  are  still  ^'isible  in  the  neighborhood  of  Louis- 
ville. ^V  beaver  skin  was  the  unit  of  value  in  those  early 
times,  just  as  a  silver  dollar  is  now.  A  horse,  a  cow  or  anv- 
thing  for  sale  was  worth  so  much  in  beaver  skins,  and  so 
understood  by  everj'body." 

Colonel  Durrett  might  have  added  that  while  the  skin 
of  the  beaver  was  the  standard  of  value  at  that  day  and 
place,  the  skins  of  other  fur-bearing  animals  of  less  value 
were  also  used  for  making  change  and  other  commercial 
purposes,  and  the  respective  values  were  thoroughl}'  estab- 
lished by  custom. 

It  is  not  likel}'  either  that  Sanders  confined  his  dealings 
to  the  skins  of  fur-bearing  animals,  as  the  skins  of  other 
animals  had  an  established  value  and  were  in  considerable 
demand.  In  connection  with  these  subjects  it  may  be 
mentioned  that  Virginia  issued  bills  pa3'able  in  tobacco  about 


-  -=   '^^m^^ 


VIRGINIA  ISSUES  BILLS  PAYABLE  IN  TOBACCO.  93] 


this  period  and  they  \\'ere  very  much  better  than  continental 
and  other  paper  forced  on  the  people  as  mone}'  in  those 
days.  Some  of  these  oblig-ations  to  pav  tobacco  were  issued 
to  her  soldiers  and  a  fac-simile  of  one  is  here  given. 

But  fur-bearing  and  other  skins  were  plentier  about 
"the  Falls"  in  those  days  than  tobacco,  and  quite  as  con- 
venient and  more  useful  to  the  human  family.  As  to  metal 
coins  there  were  comparativel}-  none,  and  Sanders  appears 
to  have  done  the  best  he  could,  in  his  day  and  generation, 
"to  relieve  the  stringency,'''  and  promote  business  b}'  pro- 
viding a  circulating:  medium  of  exchange. 

But  Sanders's  system,  like  some  other  banking  systems, 
had  radical  defects.  The  security  for  the  paper  issued  was 
left  in  "the  keep"  of  the  banker — not  with  some  safe  and 
disinterested  third  party.  It  was  not  always  redeemable 
on  presentation,  and  as  it  was  based  solely  upon  the  skins 
of  wild  animals,  presumably  including  "wild  cats,"  the 
author  fears  that,  after  all,  it  will  have  to  be  classed  as  a 
"wild-cat"  institution.  In  this  connection  it  ma}'  be  pos- 
sible that  banking  on  skins  of  wild  animals  originated  the 
saying  about  "wild-cat  banking."  If  not,  what  did  origi- 
nate it  ? 

The  use  of  skins  for  currency,  or  paper  payable  in  them, 
was  not  confined  to  the  locality  of  the  falls  of  the  Ohio. 
The  value  of  property  was,  more  or  less,  estimated  in  those 
of  wild  animals  in  all  the  frontier  country  in  early  times,  and 
it  was  not  confined  to  fur-bearing  animals.  Other  skins 
were  also  current,  especially  deer  skins,  which  were  largely 
used  for  moccasins,  breeches  and  hunting  shirts.  In  some 
parts  of  the  country  a  deer  skin  was  the  equivalent  of  a 


DEER  SKINS  USED  AS  MONEY. 


dollar,  and  this  kind  of  currency  was  generally  used  in 
trades  with  the  Indians.  An  agreement  to  pay  "ten  bucks" 
meant  the  skins  of  ten  male  deer,  of  "ten  does,"  the  skins 
of  ten  female  deer.  Notes  and  obligations  were  sometimes 
given  payable  in  that  way.  Here  is  a  specimen  of  one  given 
by  Colonel  John  Gibson,  when  he  was  in  command  of 
Fort  Laurens  in  1779,  several  years  before  Sanders  estab- 
lished his  "keep,"  or  bank,  at  Louisville,  viz.: 

"I  do  certify  that  I  am  indebted  to  the  bearer.  Captain 
Johnny,  seven  bucks  and  one  doe,  for  the  use  of  the  states, 
this  12th  April,  1779.  Signed,  Samuel  Sample,  assistant 
quartermaster.  The  above  is  due  to  him  for  pork,  for  the 
use  of  the  garrison  at  Fort  Laurens.  (Signed)  John  Gib- 
son, Colonel." 

This  was  the  same  Colonel  John  Gibson  previously  men- 
tioned as  having  been  for  many  years  secretary  of  Indiana 
territory,  and  at  one  time  acting  governor. 

"Deer  skins,  well  dressed  and  fitted  for  the  purpose  of 
making  breeches,"  were  receivable  for  certain  taxes  in 
Kentucky  in  John  Sanders's  day,  as  also  in  some  other 
parts  of  Virginia  under  a  law  of  that  state  passed  in  1782, 
from  which  the  language  above  quoted  is  taken. 

Another  law  passed  the  next  3/ear  provided  that  taxes 
might  be  paid  at  certain  places  in  "skins  of  deer  in  the 
hair,  well  skinned,  cleaned  and  trimmed,  restricted  to  the 
seasons  of  red,  blue  and  short  gray,  delivered  at  the  houses 
provided  for  that  purpose,  at  the  said  towns  of  Staunton, 
Winchester,  Louisville,  and  at  the  stone  house  in  the 
county  of  Botetourt,  at  the  price  of  one  shilling  and  eight 


DEER  SKINS  RECEIVAl'.LE  FOR  TAXES.  933 


pence  for  i;ray  skins,  and  two  shillings   per  pound  for  red 
and  blue  skins/'  * 

In  the  pioneer  days  business  was  largely  transacted  by 
barter,  and  as  an  evidence  of  the  enormous  quantit}-  of 
skins  of  wild  animals  used  in  commei'ce  in  the  Ohio  valley 
at  this  period,  the  following  item  from  the  Pittsburg 
Gazette  of  the  26th  of  ^Vugust,  1786,  is  quoted:  "From 
the  6th  of  Julv  last  to  the  loth  instant  (a  period  of  thirty- 
tive  days)  the  following  peltry  was  bought  up  by  one  trader 
in  this  place,  and  inostly  paid  for  in  whisky  and  flour: 
Three  thousand  one  hundred  and  seventy-three  summer 
deer  skins,  seventy-four  fall  deer  skins,  forty-eight  fawn 
skins,  ninety-four  bear  skins,  thirty-seven  elk  skins,  eighty- 
four  beaver  skins,  three  hundred  and  eighty-seven  rac- 
coon skins,  twenty-nine  fox  skins,  fourteen  marten  skins, 
fifteen  wild  cat  skins,  seventeen  wolf  skins,  sixteen  pan- 
ther skins,  and  sixty-seven  pair  of  moccasins." 

MAJOR  THOMAS  QUICK. 

When  Major  Bowman  died.  Captain  Thomas  Quick 
seems  to  have  been  promoted  to  be  a  major.  He  was 
originally  a  sergeant  in  Captain  William  Harrod's  com- 
pany, and  rendered  some  military  sei-vice  on  the  frontiers 
before  and  after  the  Illinois  campaign.  He  was  a  brave, 
fine-looking  Irishman,  and  died  in  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
in  the  fall  of  1803.  A  fac-simile  of  his  signature  will  be 
found  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  The  name  is  sometimes 
printed  Quirk,  and  is  so  used  in  an  interesting  account  of 
a  transaction  between  him  and  Captain  Leonard  Helm,  in 

*Hening's  Statutes,  Vol.  ii,  pp.  66,  300. 


934  .SKETCH  OF  MAJOR  THOMAS  QUICK. 


which  he  exchanged  one  hundred  and  sixteen  thousand  six 
hundred  and  sixty-six  dollars  and  sixty-six  and  two-thirds 
cents  in  continental  bills  to  Helm  for  fourteen  hundred  acres 
of  land.  A  law  suit  grew  out  of  the  trade,  wherein  the  court 
decided  the  continental  bills  worthless  and  set  aside  the 
sale  "for  want  of  consideration,"  and  the  heirs  of  Helm 
recovered  the  land.  The  account  referred  to  is  in  the  ad- 
dress of  Colonel  R.  T.  Durrett  before  the  Kentucky  Bank- 
ers' Association  in  1892,  and  was  given  as  an  example  of 
how  the  paper  money  of  the  Revolution  affected  persons 
in  Kentuck}'.  It  is  copied  here  as  illustrative  of  one  of 
the  greatest  difficulties  General  Clark  had  to  encounter  in 
all  his  campaigns.  It  should  constantly  be  borne  in  mind 
by  every  one  desiring  to  comprehend  the  true  situation  of 
General  Clark  that  the  money  he  had  to  use  was  depre- 
ciated, and  finally  became  entirely  worthless.  Colonel  Dur- 
rett said:  "As  an  example  of  how  this  paper  money  of 
the  Revolution  affected  persons  in  Kentucky,  the  case  of 
Captain  Leonard  Helm  may  be  cited.  Helm  was  the 
brave  officer  who,  with  a  single  private,  stood  with  lighted 
torch  over  a  loaded  cannon  at  the  entrance  to  the  fort  at 
Vincennes,  in  1779,  and  defied  the  army  of  Governor 
Hamilton  until  he  was  assured  that  he  could  surrender  the 
fort  Math  honor.  He  owned  fourteen  hundred  acres  of 
land  on  Jessamine  creek  in  the  heart  of  the  blue-grass  re- 
gion. In  1 781,  when  paper  money  had  declined  as  a  thou- 
sand to  one.  Captain  Thomas  Quirk,  another  brave  soldier, 
offered  Helm  thirty-five  thousand  pounds  of  it  for  his  four- 
teen hundred  acres  of  land.  Helm,  who  believed  that  his 
country  would  come  out  right  in  the  war,  and  make  good 


SKETCH  OF  CAPTAIN  RICHARD  I5RASIIEAR,  935 


the  depreciated  money,  accepted  the  offer.  It  was  too  large 
a  sum  to  be  refused.  It  was  one  hundred  and  sixteen  thou- 
sand six  hundred  and  sixty-six  dollars  and  sixty-six  and 
two-thirds  cents.  Helm  died  soon  after  the  sale,  and 
Quirk  sued  his  heirs  for  the  land.  Our  court  of  appeals 
set  aside  the  sale,  for  want  of  consideration,  and  left  Quirk 
with  his  big  roll  of  continental  bills,  and  Helm's  children 
with  the  land."  Captain  Quick  was  allotted  four  thousand 
three  hundred  and  twelve  acres  of  land  in  Clark's  Grant 
for  his  services  in  the  Illinois  campaign,  being  Nos.  21,  70, 
163,  204,  215,  233,  265,  2S4  and  B  276. 

CAPTAIN  RICHARD  BRASHEAR 

/?  Was  also  originally  of  Captain  Will- 

Cl^r7C3^  iam  Harrod's  company,  and  probably 
^       '  from   Pennsylvania.       He    is   said  to 

have  married  a  Miss  Brocus  at  Kaskaskia  in  1782,  was  in 
Kentucky  in  1785;  then  drifted  south,  remaining  about 
Natchez  for  a  time,  and  finally  to  southern  Mississippi, 
where  he  died  about  1822.  The  fac-simile  of  his  signa- 
ture here  given  was  taken  from  his  receipt  for  three  thou- 
sand two  hundred  and  thirty-four  acres  of  land  allotted  to 
him  in  Clark's  Grant  for  his  services,  being  for  tracts  num- 
bered 68,  III,  112,  114,  134,  236,  each  for  five  hundred 
acres,  and  B  194  for  two  hundred  and  thirtj'-four  acres. 

LIEUTENANT  RICHARD  HARRISON 

Was  from  Virginia,  and  from  Caroline,  the  county  of  the 
Clarks.  He  was  a  member  of  the  council  of  war  held  at  the 
falls  of  the  Ohio,  and  the  report  has  his  bold  signature,  a  fac- 


936  LIEUTENANTS  HARRISON  AND  GERAULT. 

simile  of  which  appears  in  Chapter  XVI.  He,  Hke  many 
other  of  Clark's  men,  finally  followed  the  river  south  and, 
after  spending  some  time  at  Natchez,  is  said  to  have  finally 
located  in  Jefferson  county,  Mississippi,  where  he  died  in 
old  age,  leaving  three  sons  and  two  daughters.  He  was 
allotted  two  thousand  one  hundred  and  fifty-six  acres  of 
land  in  Clark's  Grant  for  his  services  in  the  Illinois  cam- 
paign, being  Nos.  102,  135,  139,  183  and  B  133. 

LIEUTENANT  JOHN  GERAULT 

AVas  born  in  London,  England,  February  24,  1755,  his 
parents  having  gone  there  from  France  to  escape  religious 
persecution.  When  grown  he  sailed  from  Liverpool  to 
America,  with  his  elder  brother,  who  died  on  shipboard 
with  the  small-pox,  with  which  he  was  also  attacked,  but 
recovered.  Remaining  in  business  as  a  book-keeper  in 
New  York  for  a  time,  he  finally  drifted  to  Kaskaskia  where 
he  joined  Clark's  forces  early  in  December,  1778,  and  con- 
tinued in  service  until  the  summer  of  1782.  Was  promoted 
to  be  a  captain  in  1781,  and  was  a  commissary  at  Fort  Nel- 
son. He  was  a  man  of  fair  education,  and  speaking  both 
French  and  Spanish  was  very  useful  to  Colonel  Clark  in 
many  ways.  He,  too,  went  to  Natchez,  where  he  became 
clerk  of  the  court  in  1794.  He  held  many  important  of- 
fices afterwards  in  Adams  and  Pickering  counties,  Missis- 
sippi, down  to  1809.  He  left  a  large  famil}'  of  sons  and 
daughters.  He  was  allotted  two  thousand  one  hundred 
and  fifty-six  acres  of  land  in  Clark's  Grant,  for  his  serv- 
ices in  the  Illinois  campaign,  being  Nos.  82,  117,  175, 
189  and  A   133.      Charlestown,   long   the  county  seat  of 


MICHAEL  PEKAULT  ANH  HUCKNEK  I'l'l'TIMAN.     937 


Clark  county,  and  place  of  residence  of  many  prominent 
people,  is  located  on  tract  No.  117. 

LIEUTENANT  MICHAEL  PERAULT 

Lived  at  one  time  at  or  near  Cahokia  and  was  a  lieutenant 
in  Captain  INIcCarty's  company  in  the  expedition  against 
Fort  Sackville.  He  was  probabl}-  a  Canadian.  Moved 
to  Louisville  a  few  years  later,  where  he  died,  leaving  a 
widow  and  son.  He  received  two  thousand  one  hundred 
and  fift)^-six  acres  of  land  in  Clark's  Grant,  for  his  services 
in  the  Illinois  campaign,  being  Nos.  23,  78,  256,  277  and 
C  106. 

BUCKNER  PITTMAN, 

Who  received  one  hundred  and  eight  acres  of  land  in 
Clark's  Grant,  for  services  in  the  Illinois  campaigns,  and 

whose  signature  is  here  re- 
^         y      ./- /Z) 'j/y——        produced,  probably  settled 
^^  at,  or  in  the  neighborhood 

of,  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  after  the  war.  He  is  presumably 
the  same  Buckner  Pittman  who  purchased  five  half-acre 
lots  (Nos.  17,  18,  19  and  20),  at  the  original  sale  of  lots 
in  Louisville.  They  were  situated  somewhere  between 
Jefferson  and  Main  and  First  and  Twelfth  streets,  and  cost 
£6  5s.  per  lot.*  He  was  also  the  purchaser  of  another  lot 
at  the  same  time. 

JA.MES    CURRY,  LEVI  TEALL,  DAVID  PAGAN    AND    JOSEPH  AN- 
DERSON 

Were  all  soldiers  in  the  Illinois  campaign,  and  were  al- 
lotted land  in  Clark's  Grant  for  their  services.     They  were 

*  Centenary  of  Louisville. 


93S       PRIVATES  CURRY,  TEALL,  PAGAN  AND  ANDERSON. 

SO  much  pleased  with  the  country  about  Kaskaskia  that 
they  settled  in  that  vicinity  and  remained  there  the  rest  of 
their  lives.  They  are  all  mentioned  in  the  following  ac- 
count given  by  Governor  Reynolds  of  a  thrilling  event 
which  occurred  in  that  neighborhood: 

"It  was  in  this  settlement,  in  the  early  part  of  the  spring 
of  17S8,  that  a  most  singular  battle  and  siege  occurred. 
David  Pagan,  one  of  Clark's  men,  had  made  a  house  two 
n:iiles  from  Kaskaskia,  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  and 
had  finished  it  in  a  strong  and  substantial  manner,  so  as  to 
withstand  an  Indian  attack.  Levi  Teel  and  James  Curry, 
also  two  of  Clark's  soldiers,  had  been  out  hunting  on  the 
east  side  of  the  river  and  had  encamped  in  this  house  for 
the  night.  The  door  of  the  house  had  three  bars  across  it 
to  secure  it  against  Indian  assault,  and  in  the  door  was  z 
hole  cut  for  the  cat  to  go  in  and  out.  Towards  day  Curry 
informed  Teel  that  there  were  Indians  about  the  house,  and 
that  they  must  fix  up  their  guns  for  defense.  Teel  was 
rather  inclined  to  open  the  door  and  give  up  as  prisoners, 
while  Curry  would  not  listen  to  it  at  all.  Teel  went  to  the 
door  to  either  open  it  or  to  make  discoveries,  and  stood 
with  his  foot  near  the  cat  hole.  The  Indians  outside  stuck 
a  spear  through  his  foot  and  fastened  him  to  the  floor.  The 
Indians,  in  their  war  expeditions,  always  carry  spears  with 
them.  By  a  kind  of  instinct,  Teel  put  his  hand  to  the 
spear  to  draw  it  out  of  his  foot,  and  other  spears  were  stuck 
in  his  hand.  They  cut  and  mangled  his  hand  in  a  shock- 
ing manner,  so  that  he  was  not  onlv  nailed  to  the  floor  of 
the  house,  but  his  hands  were  rendered  useless. 


PRIXATES  CURRY,  TEALL,   PAGAN  AND  ANDERSON.      939 


"It  was  ascertained  afterwards  that  it  was  tiie  Pianke- 
shaw  Indians,  and  there  were  sixteen  in  the  band.  Curry 
was  an  extraordinary  man:  bra\e  to  desperation  and  inured 
to  broil  and  feats  of  battle  vuitil  he  was  always  cool  and 
prepared.  He  jumped  up  in  the  loft  of  the  house  todri\c 
the  enemy  off  before  Teel  would  open  the  door,  and  by  a 
small  crevice  in  the  roof  he  put  his  gun  out  and  shot  into 
the  crowed  of  Indians.  He  shot  three  times  with  great 
rapidity,  for  fear  Teel  would  open  the  door.  It  was  dis- 
covered afterward  from  the  Indians  that  Curry  had  killed 
three  w^arriors.  lie  then  got  down  to  see  what  Teel  was 
about  and  found  him  transfixed  to  the  floor,  as  above 
stated.  He  then  got  up  again  in  the  loft  and  tumbled  the 
whole  roof,  weight-poles  and  all,  down  on  the  Indians 
standing  at  the  door  with  spears  in  their  hands.  It  will  be 
recollected  that  in  olden  times  the  roofs  of  cabins  w^ere 
made  with  weight-poles  on  the  boards  to  keep  them  down. 
The  pioneers  used  no  nails  as  they  do  at  this  day.  The 
roof,  falling  on  the  enemy,  killed  the  chief,  and  the  others 
ran  off.  Day  was  breaking,  which  assisted  also  to  disperse 
the  Indians.  Curry  took  both  guns  and  made  Teel  walk, 
although  he  was  almost  exhausted  on  account  of  the  loss 
of  blood.  They  had  a  hill  to  w^alk  up  at  the  start,  which 
fatigued  Teel,  and  he  gave  out  before  they  reached  Kas- 
kaskia,  although  they  had  only  two  miles  to  travel.  Curry 
left  Teel  and  went  to  Kaskaskia  for  help,  and  at  last  saved 
himself  and  comrade  from  death. 

"To  my  own  knowledge,  the  houses  in  times  of  Indian 
wars  were  fixed  so  the  roofs  could  be  thrown  down  on  the 
60 


940      PRIVATES  CURRY,  TEALL,  PAGAN  AND  ANDERSON. 

enemy,  and  sometimes  large,  round  timbers  were  laid  on 
the  tops  of  the  houses  on  purpose  to  roll  off  on  the  Indians 
below. 

"James  Curry  came  with  Clark  in  1778,  and  was  an 
active  and  daring  soldier  in  the  capture  of  Forts  Gage  and 
Sackville.  He  was  large,  strong  and  active,  and  was 
alwa3-s  foremost  on  the  list  of  those  who  contended  for  the 
prizes  in  foot-races,  leaping,  wrestling,  etc.  He  was  a  simi- 
lar character  to  the  celebrated  Thomas  Higgins  of  modern 
pioneer  memory.  In  all  desperate  and  hazardous  services 
Clark  chose  him  first  to  act  in  these  perils  and  dangers. 

"The  citizens  of  Illinois  of  olden  times- were  compelled 
to  hunt  for  a  support.  Curry  and  Joseph  Anderson,  who 
afterwards  lived  and  died  on  Nine-mile  creek,  Randolph 
county,  were  out  hunting,  and  the  Indians  killed  Curry,  as 
it  was  supposed;  as  he  went  out  to  hunt  from  their  camp 
and  never  returned.  Thus  was  the  closing  scene  of  one  of 
the  brave  and  patriotic  heroes,  the  noble-hearted  James 
Curry,  whose  services  were  so  conspicuous  in  the  conquest 
of  Illinois.  Not  only  a  burial  was  denied  to  this  gallant 
soldier,  but  his  remains  are  mingled  with  the  mother-earth, 
so  that  even  the  place  of  his  death  is  not  known." 

James  Curry  was  allotted  one  hundred  acres  in  letter  D, 
tract  No.  20C5,  and  eight  acres  in  No.  210. 

Levi  Teall,  one  hundred  acres,  "B,  No.  170,  and  eight 
acres  in  No.  74." 

David  Pagan,  one  hundred  acres,  part  of  No.  19,  and 
eight  acres,  part  of  No.  196. 

Joseph  Anderson,  one  hundred  acres,  "C,  No.  178,  and 
eicrht  acres  in  No.  210." 


COLONEL   JOHN  PAUL.  94 1 


COLONEL    JOHN  PAUL. 

Among  the  pioneers  of  the  west  who  served  iinder  George 
Rogers  Clark  in  the  capture  of  the  British  posts  northwest 
of  the  Ohio,  and  became  j^  ^  ^^ 

prominent   in  earl}-   In-      <r;^5^?^/C.        C^^Sci^^^^^C^ 

diana  history,  the  name  «aa^H^HHiH^BaiMB^>— 
of  Colonel  John  Paul  may  be  mentioned.  He  was  born  in 
Germantown,  Pennsylvania,  November  12,  1758;  was  the 
son  of  Michael  Paul  and  Ann  Parker.  The}'  were  married 
in  Germantown  in  1 75 1 .  Michael  Paul  was  born  in  Ilolland. 
In  1776  he  went  from  Germantown  to  Red  Stone,  now 
Brownsville,  Pennsylvania,  thence  to  Virginia,  and  in  1781 
to  Hardin  county,  Kentuck}'.  Ann  Parker,  his  wife,  was 
born  in  Germantown  in  1724,  and  died  in  Flardin  count}', 
Kentucky,  in  1813,  aged  eighty-nine  years.  They  had  seven 
children,  the  fourth  of  whom  was  John  Paul,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  A  gentleman  conversant  with  Colonel  Paul's 
history  wrote  the  author  that  "in  1794  Colonel  Paul  mar- 
ried Sarah  T.  Grover  at  Danville,  Kentucky.  She  was 
born  near  Baltimore,  ^laryland,  jNIarch  21,  1775,  and  with 
her  parents  removed  in  1780  to  Kentucky.  They  had 
four  children,  the  eldest  dying  quite  young.  Ann  Parker 
Paul  was  born  in  Plardin  county,  Kentuck}-,  in  March, 
1779;  John  Peter  Paul  in  Green  county,  Ohio,  December 
23,  1800.  Ann  Parker  Paul  married  William  Hendricks, 
the  second  governor  of  Indiana  and  for  several  years 
United  States  senator,  and  died  at  Madison,  September  12, 
1887.  Sarah  Grover  Paul,  the  }'oungest  daughter,  was 
born  March  21,  1802,  in  Green  county,  Ohio,  and  died  at 


94-  COLONEL  JOHN  PAUL. 


Madison,  September  14,  1877.  She  married  Dr.  Robert 
Cravens  in  181 8.  Dr.  Cravens  died  at  INIadison,  Sep- 
tember 15,  1821 ;  his  widow  married  Dr.  Samuel  M.  Goosh, 
and  for  her  third  husband  Reverend  Benjamin  C.  Steven- 
son, of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  John  Peter  Paul 
died  near  Cor^ydon,  Indiana,  in  1835,  while  engaged  on 
a  surveying  expedition.  Mrs.  Paul,  the  mother,  died  in 
Madison  on  the  8th  day  of  May,  1866,  in  the  ninet3'-sec- 
ond  year  of  her  age.  Colonel  Paul  was  the  first  clerk  of 
Hardin  county,  Kentucky;  afterwards  removed  to  Green 
county,  Ohio;  was  the  first  clerk  of  that  county,  also  a 
member,  in  1802,  of  the  constitutional  convention  of  that 
state,  and  was  the  proprietor  and  laid  out  the  now  city  of 
Xenia,  where  he  resided  for  a  few  years  afterward.  Not  be- 
ing altogether  satisfied  with  his  location,  he  attended  the  sale 
of  lands  in  Indiana  territory,  in  1807,  and  purchased  the 
land  upon  which  New  Albany  stands.  The  following 
spring  visited  his  new  purchase  with  a  view  of  erecting  a 
house  there,  but  on  reaching  it  found  heavy  fogs  over- 
shadowing it,  and  being  fully  persuaded  that  the  falls  of 
the  Ohio  were  in  part  responsible  for  this  fact,  and  think- 
ing it  probable  that  the  locality  would  not  be  a  very  healthy 
one,  sold  the  lands  and  prospected  up  the  Ohio  to  where 
Madison  now  stands,  and  regarding  it  as  the  most  health- 
ful locality,  concluded  to  purchase  there.  In  the  following 
spring  he  attended  the  sale  of  lands  at  Jeffersonville,  and 
purchased  the  land  in  and  about  where  Madison  now 
stands,  and  here  he  at  once  made  his  home,  which  has  ever 
since  been  the  home  of  his  family  and  descendants.  He 
was  the  first  representative  in  the  territorial  assembly  from 


COJ.ONEL  JOHN   PAUL.  943 

this  part  of  Clark  county,  now  Jefferson.  He  laid  out 
and  was  the  proprietor  of  INladison;  was  the  first  clerk 
and  recorder  of  the  county  for  several  years.  He  named 
the  county  in  honor  of  one  president  of  the  United  States, 
and  the  town  after  another.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
convention  that  framed  the  first  constitution  of  Indiana, 
and  represented  Switzerland  and  Jefferson  counties  in  the 
senate,  and  was  elected  its  president.  On  the  6th  day  of 
June,  1830,  he  departed  this  life,  leaving  surviving  him  his 
widow,  one  son  and  two  daughter,  all  of  whom  have  since 
followed  him  to  the  other  side.  Colonel  Paul  was  a  man 
of  energy,  and  enterprise  and  thrift,  and  successful  in  ac- 
cumulating a  handsome  competence  which  he  left  to  his 
family.  Of  kindly  disposition,  he  was  fond  of  children  and 
of  active  and  energetic  men.  In  the  early  days  his  house 
was  the  home  of  all  strangers  who  visited  INladison,  and 
the  success  of  his  wife  in  making  these  feel  at  home  was 
evidenced  by  their  reluctance  in  parting  with  her  kind  hos- 
pitality and  the  good  things  she  had  alwaj's  on  hand  to 
anticipate  their  comfort  and  pleasure.  Hospitality  in  those 
days  was  not  only  a  delightful  virtue,  but  was  also  an  e's- 
ery-day  accomplishment,  without  which  the  true-hearted 
pioneer  would  not  be  the  loving  character  which  we  know 
he  was.  In  his  benefactions  he  was  always  liberal  and 
gave  to  every  enterprise  with  a  willing  hand.  He  and  his 
estimable  wife  were  the  foster  parents  of  several  children, 
whom  they  maintained  and  educated  until  marriage,  or 
other  circumstances,  made  them  self-supporting  and  inde- 
pendent. His  tenants,  the  renters  of  his  farms,  never  had 
cause   to  complain   that   he  was  exacting  or   unjust  when 


944  EDWARD  BULGER. 


sickness  or  failure  of  crops  promised  to  make  their  rent  a 
burden  upon  them.  In  stature  Colonel  Paul  was  full  six 
feet,  of  large  frame,  without  an}?  surplus  flesh-  muscular, 
strong-nerved  and  tireless.  Horseback  was  his  favorite 
exercise,  as  it  was  in  those  early  days  when  there  were  no 
roads,  but  bridle-paths  the  onl}-  means  of  travel  and  loco- 
motion. The  horse  and  rider  were  fast  friends,  neither 
would  desert  the  other,  and  the  horse  was  always  chosen 
for  his  speed,  endurance  and  beauty.  The  horse,  the  dog 
and  the  rifle  were  the  indispensable  friends  of  the  pioneer, 
and  he  was  equally  skilled  in  the  use  and  control  of  each. 
He  was  in  later  life  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  so  remained  till  his  death.  In  business  he 
was  prudent  and  careful;  in  the  social  circle  he  was  pleas- 
ant and  popular;  in  the  family  he  loved  and  was  beloved. 
He  was  in  everything  a  true  pioneer,  simple  in  his  manner 
unostentatious  in  his  intercourse  with  others,  respectful  to 
those  with  whom  he  differed,  but  always  true  to  the  prin- 
ciples which  he  entertained.  He  was  an  affectionate  hus- 
band, a  loving  father,  a  kind  neighbor,  a  safe  counselor, 
a  faithful  public  servant,  and  an  honest  man." 

EDWARD    BULGER 

Was  a  private  in  Captain  Joseph  Bowman's  company  in 
the  Illinois  campaign.  This  fact  is  shown  by  the  original 
pa3'-roll  of  Captain  Bowman's  compan}'  at  present  in  the 
author's  possession.  He  is  also  on  the  roll  of  persons 
allotted  land  in  Clark's  Grant,  for  services  in  that  campaign. 
He  was  allotted  one  hundred  and  eight  acres,  viz.:  loo  in 
tract  "A"  195,  and  8  acres  in  210. 


EDWARD  BULGER.  945 


He  was  an  ensign  in  Captain  William  Ilarrod's  company 
in  17S0,  and  seems  to  have  alwa3's  been  ready  for  service 
when  needed. 

He  was  in  Colonel  John  Bowman's  expedition,  and  in 
General  Clark's  first  expedition  against  the  Indians  in  Ohio. 
He  died  at  last  in  the  public  service,  having  been  mortall}' 
wounded  in  the  battle  of  the  Blue  Licks  in  1782,  at  which 
time  he  seems  to  have  been  a  major. 

He  was  one  of  the  earliest  explorers  of  Kentucky  and 
probably  went  there  with  Hite,  Bowman  and  others  in  the 
spring  of  1775  °'"  before.  At  all  events  it  appears  from 
Collins's  Kentucky  History  that  he  was  there  with  that 
party  in  June  of  that  year. 

"On  the  north  side  of  Barren  river,"  says  that  work, 
"about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  above  the  old  Vanmeter  ferry, 
and  three  miles  from  Bowling  Green,  some  beech  trees  are 
still  standing  which  indicate  the  camping  ground,  in  June, 
1775,  °^  ^^  exploring  party  of  thirteen,  from  the  new  settle- 
ments at  Harrodstown  (now  Harrodsburg)  and  Harrod's 
Station  (both  in  now  Mercer  county).  Of  these,  eight 
became  prominent  in  the  settlement  and  wars  of  central 
Kentucky,  and  one  as  a  surveyor.  One  H.  Skaggs  had 
been  with  the  'Long  Hunters'  in  1770,  to  the  southeast  of 
this.  These  were  probably  the  first  white  visitors  to  this, 
Warren,  county — who  remained  as  long  as  ten  days. 

"One  tree  has  engraven  on  its  bark,  on  the  north  side, 
the  names  of  the  thirteen  persons.  The  letters  were  hand- 
somely cut  with  some  instrument  adapted  to  the  purpose. 
The  highest  name  is  about  nine  feet  from  the  ground,  the 
lowest  four  feet.     They  stand  in  the  following  order,  be- 


946  EDWARD  BULGER. 


ginning  with  the  uppermost  and  descending  to  the  lowest, 
to  wit:  J.  Newell  (or  Neaville),  E.  Bulger,  I.  Hite,  V. 
Plarman,  J.  Jackman,  W.  Buchanan,  A.  Bowman,  J. 
Drake,  N.  Nail,  FI.  Skaggs,  J.  Bowman,  Tho.  Slaughter, 
J.  Todd.  The  date  is  thus  given:  '1775,  June  Th.  13.' 
The  apparent  age  of  the  marks  corresponds  with  the  date. 
About  live  steps  south  of  the  above-named  tree,  and  near 
the  verge  of  the  river  bank,  stands  a  beech,  marked  on  the 
north  side  with  the  name  of  'AVm.  Buchanan,'  and  dated 
'June  14,  1775.'  On  the  south  side  of  the  same  tree,  there 
is  the  name  of  'J.  Todd,'  dated  'June  17,  1775.'  About 
twenty  steps  north  of  the  first  tree,  there  stands  a  third 
beech,  with  the  names  of  I.  Drake  and  Isaac  Hite  engraved, 
and  each  with  the  date  '15  June,  177^-'  Above  the  names 
the  date  'June  23,  1775.'  The  names  and  dates  of  this 
tree  seem  to  be  as  old  as  an}',  but  made  with  a  different 
instrument  from  that  which  cut  the  names  on  the  first  tree, 
and  they  are  not  so  well  executed.  These  dates,  from  the 
13th  to  the  23d,  prove  that  the  party  encamped  at  that 
place  ten  days.  About  fifty  yards  up  the  river  from  the 
first-named  tree,  there  stands  a  beech  with  a  name  now 
illegible,  cut  in  the  bark  over  the  date  1779.  On  the  same 
tree,  the  name  of  H.  Lynch  is  carved  over  the  date  1796. 
"Where  are  now  these  pioneers?  They  have  ceased  to 
follow  the  deer,  the  elk,  the  bear,  the  buffalo  and  beaver, 
which  were  th^n  abundant  in  this  region;  and  their  children 
are  hunters  no  more.  The  animals  which  their  fathers 
pursued  have  become  extinct.  The  wilderness  they  traversed 
now  blooms  with  the  arts  and  refinements  of  civilized  life." 


GENERAL  ROBERT  TODD.  947 


GENERAL  ROBERT  TODD. 

Robert  Todd,  a  captain  under  George  Rogers  Clark  in 
the  Illinois  campaign,  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  but 
removed  to  Virginia  when  quite  young,  where  he  had  rela- 
tives. From  thence  he  went,  in  the  spring  of  1776,  to  what 
is  now  known  as  Kentuckv,  where  he  continued  to  reside 
until  his  death,  about  the  year  1820,  at  his  residence  in  the 
city  of  Lexington.  He  was  a  participant  in  public  affairs 
there  from  the  time  of  his  arrival. 

He  was  in  McClellan's  Station,  at  Royal  Spring,  where 
Georgetown,  Kentucky,  is  now  situated,  when  it  was  at- 
tacked by  Indians,  and  was  badly  wounded.  This  was  in 
December  following  his  arrival;  so  he  had  a  practical  ex- 
perience in  Indian  warfare  from  the  beginning.  This 
experience  continued  to  the  close  of  the  important  cam- 
paign of  General  Anthony  Wayne,  in  1794,  in  which  Ro- 
bert Todd  was  a  distinguished  brigadier-g'eneral. 

He  also  rendered  efficient  services  in  previous  expedi- 
tions against  the  Indians  under  General  Charles  Scott.  Of 
these  important  campaigns  General  Todd  kept  a  diary,  the 
original  of  which  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  author. 
It  has  never  been  published,  but  will  be  given  in  whole,  or 
in  part,  when  these  campaigns  come  to  be  narrated.  At 
the  same  place  will  be  found  the  fragment  of  an  account- 
written  by  General  Todd,  in  1803,  of  some  events  which 
occurred  in  Kentucky  shortly  after  his  arrival  there  in  1776, 
with  a  fac-simile  of  a  portion  of  it,  to  which  his  signature 
is  attached. 


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GENERAL  ROBERT  TODD.  949 


General  Todd  was  distinguished  in  civil  as  well  as  mili- 
tary affairs.  He  was  at  one  time  a  delegate  from  Ken- 
tucky coi/i/fy  to  the  \'irginia  legislature,  and  also  a  delegate 
to  at  least  one  of  the  conventions  called  to  adopt  a  consti- 
tution for  Kentuck}'.  He  represented  Fayette  count}'  in 
the  first  senate  of  that  state  after  her  admission  to  the 
Union,  and  was  a  circuit  judge  for  many  3'ears.  He  was 
also  one  of  the  commissioners  selected  to  di\ide  the  land 
in  Clark's  Grant  among  those  who  had  served  in  the  cam- 
paign against  the  British  at  Kaskaskia  and  Vincennes,  and 
he  was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  the  town  of  Clarks- 
ville.  He  was  likewise  one  of  the  commissioners  who 
located  the  capital  of  Kentucky  at  Frankfort,  and  it  is  stated, 
as  an  evidence  of  his  nice  sense  of  honor,  that  when  the 
vote  was  a  tie  between  Frankfort  and  Lexington  he  voted 
for  Frankfort,  because  he  owned  a  thousand  acres  of  land 
near  Lexington,  and  did  not  wish  to  seem  to  be  governed 
by  selfish  considerations. 

He  had  six  children,  all  of  whom  were  respected  and 
prominent  in  their  respective  localities.  His  daughter 
Mary  married  Doctor  Witherspoon,  and  Eliza  married 
General  William  O.  Butler,  of  Kentucky,  with  whom  the 
author  had  the  pleasure  of  a  personal  acquaintance.  He 
was  truly  one  of  "nature's  noblemen,"  and' was  loved  and 
esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him.  He  was  a  member  of  con- 
gress, major-general  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  on  the 
Democratic  presidential  ticket  for  vice-president  in  1848 
with  General  Cass. 

The  four  sons  of  General  Robert  Todd  were  John,  Da- 
vid, Levi  L.,  and  Thomas  J.    The  first  two  lived  and  died 


950  GENERAL  ROBERT  TODD  S  DESCENDANTS. 

in  Kentucky,  but  the  other  two  removed  to  INIarion  county, 
Indiana,  about  1S34,  where  they  became  leading  citizens 
and  died  in  old  age,  leaving  numerous  respected  descend- 
ants, to  one  of  whom.  Dr.  Levi  Luther  Todd,  named  after 
his  father,  the  writer  is  greatl}'  indebted  for  much  valuable 
information  about  the  family  and  earh'  historical  events 
with  which  they  were  proininently  and  honorably  con- 
nected. 

The  father  of  this  Dr.  Todd,  who  bore  exactly  the  same 
name,  was  a  member  of  the  Indiana  state  senate  in  185 1-2, 
and  judge  of  the  common  pleas  court  of 
Marion  county  for  several  3''ears.  The 
author  met  him  in  honorable  rivalry  for 
the  position  of  secretary'  of  the  conven- 
tion which  formed  the  constitution  of 
Indiana  in  i8c;o— i,  and  can  knowingly 
bear  witness  to  his  man}'  good  qualities. 
LEVI  L.  TODD,  SR.  Hig  SOU,  Robcrt  N .  Todd,  now  deceased, 
was  also  a  distinguished  citizen  and  physician  of  Indianapo- 
lis, and  I'epresented  Marion  county  in 
the  house  of  representatives  in  1857. 

To  go  back  another  generation  to  the 
children   of  General   Robert  Todd,   his 
youngest    son,  Thomas    J.    Todd,   was 
also   a   member   of    the    Indiana   legis-   L 
lature,   representing  Marion  county  in 
the  senate  from  1843  to  1846;  so  that  it    '^«- «"bert  n.  todd. 
will  be   seen   that  this   distinguished   family  were   largely 
transplanted    froin     Kentucky    to    Indiana.       The    Todds 


GENERAI^   LE\I  TODD.  9c;  I 


about  Madison,  Indiana,  are  descendants  of  Owen  Todd, 
a  brother  of  General  Robert  Todd.* 

The  wife  of  President  Lincoln,  it  will  be  remembered, 
\\as   a  granddaughter   of    General   Todd's    brother   Levi. 

GENERAL  LEVI  TODD 

"Was  a  lieutenant  under  George  Rogers  Clark  in  the  ex- 
pedition which  captured  Kaskaskia,  in  1778,  and  he 
returned  with  the  detachment  which  took  the  British  com- 
mander, ]\L  Rochblave,  a  prisoner  to  Virginia.  He  never 
returned  to  Illinois,  but  spent  the  balance  of  his  life  at  Lex- 
ington, Kentucky,  where  he  filled  many  important  positions 
of  trust  and  confidence.  General  Levi  Todd  is  best  known 
in  Illinois  by  his  descendants.  His  daughter  Hannah  was 
married  to  Rev.  Robert  Stuart,  a  distinguished  Presb}'- 
terian  divine,  and  a  former  professor  of  languages  in  Tran- 
svlvania  University.  From  this  union  sprang  Hon.  John 
T.  Stuart,  a  distinguished  member  of  the  Springfreld,  Illi- 
nois, bar,  the  preceptor  and  afterwards  the  law  partner  of 
Abraham  Lincoln. 

''General  Todd's  son,  Robert  S.,  was  the  father  of  Mrs. 
Ninian  W.  Edwards,  Mrs.  Dr.  William  S.  Wallace,  Mrs. 
C.  M.  Smith  and  Mrs.  Abraham  Lincoln,  all  of  whom 
have  lived  in  this  state  for  many  years,  and  those  of  the 
number  yet  living  still  reside  in  Springfield.  Dr.  John 
Todd,  brother  to  these,  emigrated  to  Edwardsville  in  18 17, 
and  afterwards,  in  1827,  to  Springfield.  The  numerous 
descendants  of  Dr.  Todd  and  his  sisters  rank  among  the 

*A  portrait  of  Thomas  J.  Todd,  and  a  further  sketch  of  General  Robert  Todd 
and  his  Indiana  descendants,  will  be  in  a  subsequent  volume. 


9^2  COLOXEL  AVILLIAM  WHITLEY. 

best  people,  socially  and  intellectual^,  about  the  state  capi- 
tal. One  of  them,  Robert  Todd  Lincoln,  being  at  the 
present  time  (1887)  secretary  of  war. — J.  H.  G."  * 

Lieutenant  Levi  Todd  was  allotted  two  thousand  one 
hundred  and  fifty-six  acres  of  land  in  Clark's  Grant  on  ac- 
count of  his  services  in  the  Illinois  campaign,  viz.:  tracts 
29,  46,  87,  290,  and  "C"  in  271. 


Who  has  the  honor  of  having  two  counties  named  after 
him,  one  in  Indiana  and  one  in  Kentucky,  was  not  onlj' 
a  gallant  soldier  under  George  Rogers  Clark  in  the  Illinois 
campaign,  but  he  was  an  Indian  fighter  in  the  early  pioneer 
days,  ranking  with  Kenton  and  Boone;  and  he  lost  his  life 
leading  the  famous  charge  of  the  heroic  forlorn  hope  at  the 
bloody  battle  of  the  Thames,  October  5,  1813. 

Here  is  a  fac-simile  of  his  receipt  for  one  hundred  acres 
of  the  one  hundred  and  eight  acres  of  land  allotted  him  in 
Clark's  Grant,  for  his  services,  as  a  private,  in  the  Illinois 
campaign: 

j/l^^ i^^^-^^-T.-e-f  „'C^;t,,f.-lJ^  i-->V>^^     L.^^^^^-^t-i^-Z-'      ^^-i- 


Eight  acres  of  the  land  were  in  tract  No.  74  and  one 
hundred  acres  in  tract  No.  262. 

After  the  Illinois  campaign  was  over  he  settled  in  Lincoln 
county,  Kentucky,  and,  in  1786,  built  what  is  claimed  to 

"  Reynolds's  Pioneer  History  of  Illinois,  2d  edition,  p.  143,  foot  note. 


COLONEL  WILLLVM  WHITLEY.  91^3 

have  been  the  first  brick  house  in  Kentucky.  It  was  located 
about  tive  miles  west  of  Crab  Orchard.  It  was  two  stories 
high,  the  \\indows  being  high  from  the  ground  to  prevent 
the  Indians  from  firing  through,  and  the  window-glass  was 
brought  from  Mrginia  in  boxes  on  pack-horses.  The  house 
was  profusely  ornamented  for  that  pioneer  period,  and 
whisk}-,  even  then,  seemed  to  be  an  important  commodity 
in  Kentucky,  as  he,  it  is  said,  exchanged  a  farm,  near  his 
residence,  for  the  whisk}-  consumed  by  the  numerous  work- 
men in  constructing  it.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of 
representatives  from  Lincoln  county,  in  1797. 

"William  Whitley,"  says  Collinses  Kentucky,  "was  one 
of  the  most  distinguished  of  those  early  pioneers  whose 
adventurous  exploits  have  shed  a  coloring  of  romance  over 
the  early  history  of  Kentucky.  lie  was  born  on  the  14th  of 
August,  1749,  in  that  part  of  Virginia  then  called  Augusta, 
and  which  afterwards  furnished  territor}-  for  Rockbridge 
county.  Unknown  to  early  fame,  he  grew  to  manhood  in 
the  laborious  occupation  of  tilling  his  native  soil,  in  which 
his  corporeal  powers  were  fully  developed,  with  but  little 
mental  cultivation.  He  possessed,  however,  the  spirit  of 
enterprise,  and  the  love  of  independence.  In  1775,  hav- 
ing married  Esther  Fuller,  and  commenced  housekeeping 
in  a  small  way,  with  health  and  labor  to  season  his  bread, 
he  said  to  his  wife  he  heard  a  fine  report  of  Kentucky, 
and  he  thought  they  could  get  their  living  there  with  less 
hard  work.  'Then  Billy,  if  I  was  you  I  would  go  and 
see,'  was  the  reply.  In  two  days  he  was  on  his  wa}-,  with 
ax  and  plow,  and  gun  and  kettle.  And  she  is  the  woman 
who  afterwards  collected  his  warriors  to  pursue  the  Indians. 


954  COI.OXEI.  WILLIAM  WHITLEY. 


"Whitley  set  out  for  Kentucky,  accompanied  by  his 
brother-in-law  George  Clark;  in  the  wilderness  they  met 
with  several  others,  who  joined  them. 

"We  are  not  in  possession  of  materials  for  a  detailed 
narrative  of  AVhitley  s  adventures  after  his  arrival  in  Ken- 
tuck}-,  and  shall  have  to  give  only  such  desultory  facts  as  we 
have  been  enabled  to  collect. 

"In  the  year  1785,  the  camp  of  an  emigrant  by  the  name 
of  McClure  was  assaulted  in  the  night  by  Indians,  near 
the  head  of  Skagg's  creek,  in  Lincoln  county,  and  six  whites 
killed  and  scalped. 

"]Mrs.  McClure  ran  into  the  woods  with  her  four  chil- 
dren, and  could  have  made  her  escape  with  three,  if  she 
had  abandoned  the  fourth;  this,  an  infant  in  her  arms,  cried 
aloud,  and  thereb}'  gave  the  savages  notice  where  they  were. 
She  heard  them  coming;  the  night,  the  grass,  and  the 
bushes,  offered  her  concealment  without  the  infant,  but  she 
was  a  mother,  and  determined  to  die  with  it;  the  like  feel- 
ing prevented  her  from  telling  her  three  eldest  to  fl}'  and 
hide.  '$>\v&  feared  the}'  would  be  lost  if  they  left  her  side; 
she  hoped  they  would  not  be  killed  if  they  remained.  In 
the  meantime  the  Indians  arrived,  and  extinguished  both 
fears  and  hopes  in  the  blood  of  the  three  children.  The 
youngest  and  the  mother  they  made  captives.  She  was 
taken  back  to  camp,  where  there  was  plenty  of  provisions, 
and  compelled  to  cook  for  her  captors.  In  the  morning 
they  compelled  her  to  mount  an  unbroken  horse  and 
accompany  them  on  their  return  home. 

"Intelligence  of  this  sad  catastrophe  being  conveyed  to 
Whitle}-'s   Station,   he   was   not   at  home.     A  messenger, 


COLONEL  \VlLLIAi\I   WKITLEY. 


955 


however,  was  dispatched  after  him  by  Mrs.  Whitley,  who 
at  the  same  time  sent  others  to  warn  and  collect  his  com- 
pany. On  his  return  he  found  twenty-one  men  collected 
to  receive  his  orders.  With  these  he  directed  his  course  to 
the  war-path,  intending  to  intercept  the  Indians  return- 
ing home.  Fortunatelv,  they  had  stopped  to  divide  their 
plunder;  and  Whitley  succeeded  in  gaining  the  path  in 
advance  of  them.  He  immediatel}'  saw  that  the}-  had  not 
passed  and  prepared  for  their  arrival.  I  lis  men,  being  con- 
cealed in  a  favorable  position,  had  not  waited  long  before 
the  enemy  appeared,  dressed  in  their  spoils.  As  they  ap- 
proached, they  were  met  by  a  deadly  fire  from  the  con- 
cealed whites,  which  killed  two,  wounded  two  others  and 
dispersed  the  rest.  Mrs.  McClure,  her  child  and  a  negro 
woman  were  rescued,  and  the  six  scalps  taken  by  the  In- 
dians at  the  camp  recovered. 

"Ten  days  after  this  event,  a  Mr.  Moore,  and  his  part}-, 
also  emigrants,  were  defeated  two  or  three  miles  from 
Raccoon  creek,  on  the  same  road.  In  this  attack,  the  In- 
dians killed  nine  persons  and  scattered  the  rest.  Upon 
the  receipt  of  the  news,  Captain  Whitley  raised  thirty  men, 
and  under  similar  impression  as  before,  that  they  would 
return  home,  marched  to  intercept  them.  On  the  sixth 
day,  in  a  cane-brake,  he  met  the  enemy,  with  whom  he 
found  himself  face  to  face,  before  he  received  any  intima- 
tion of  their  proximity.  He  instantly  ordered  ten  of  his 
men  to  the  right,  as  many  to  the  left,  and  the  others  to  dis- 
mount on  the  spot  with  him.  The  Indians,  twenty  in 
number,  were  mounted  on  good  horses,  and  well  dressed 
6i 


956  COLONEL  WILLLVM  WHITLEY. 


in  the  plundered  clothes.  Being  in  the  usual  Indian  file, 
and  still  pressing  from  the  rear  when  the  front  made  a  halt, 
they  were  brought  into  full  view;  but  they  no  sooner  dis- 
covered the  whites  than  they  sprang  from  their  horses  and 
took  to  their  heels.  In  the  pursuit,  three  Indians  were 
killed;  eight  scalps  retaken;  and  twenty-eight  horses,  fifty 
pounds  in  cash,  and  a  quantity  of  clothes  and  household 
furniture  captured.  Captain  Whitley  accompanied  Bow- 
man and  Clark  in  their  respective  expeditions  against  the 
Indians. 

"In  the  years  1792,  1793  and  1794  the  southern  Indians 
gave  great  annoyance  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  southern  and 
southeastern  portions  of  the  state.  Their  hostile  incursions 
were  principally  directed  against  the  frontiers  of  Lincoln 
county,  where  they  made  frequent  inroads  upon  what  were 
called  the  outside  settlements,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Crab 
Orchard,  and  Logan's  and  McKinney's  Stations.  Their 
depredations  became,  at  length,  so  frequent,  that  Colonel 
Whitley  determined  to  take  vengeance  and  deprived  them 
of  the  means  of  future  annoyance;  and,  with  this  view, 
conceived  the  project  of  conducting  an  expedition  against 
their  towns  on  the  south  side  of  the  Tennessee  river, 

"In  the  summer  of  1794  he  wrote  to  Major  Orr,  of  Ten- 
nessee, informing  him  of  his  design,  and  inviting  the  major 
to  join  him  with  as  large  a  force  as  he  could  raise.  Major 
Orr  promptly  complied;  and  the  two  corps,  which  rendez- 
voused at  Nashville,  numbered  between  five  and  seven 
hundred  men.  The  expedition  is  known  in  history  as  the 
'Nickajack  Expedition,'  that  being  the  name  of  the  princi- 
pal town  against  which  its  operations  were  directed.     The 


COLONEL  ^VILLL\^r   \\  HITLEY. 


957 


march  was  conducted  with  such  secrecy  and  dispatch  that 
the  enemy  ^\'ere  taken  completely  by  surprise.  In  the 
battle  which  ensued,  the}^  were  defeated  with  great  slaughter, 
their  towns  burned  and  crops  destroyed.  This  was  the  last 
hostile  expedition  in  which  Whitley  was  engaged  during 
the  war. 

"Very  soon  after  the  general  peace,  he  went  to  some  of 
the  southern  Indian  towns  to  reclaim  some  negroes,  that 
had  been  taken  in  the  contest,  when  he  was  put  under 
more  apprehension  than  he  had  been  at  any  time  during 
the  war.  A  half-breed,  by  the  name  of  Jack  Taylor,  who 
spoke  English,  and  acted  as  interpreter,  if  he  did  not  intend 
to  procure  Whitley's  death,  at  least  determined  to  intimidate 
hiin.  The  Indians  being  assembled,  as  soon  as  Whitley 
had  declared  the  purpose  of  his  visit,  Taylor  told  him  he 
could  not  get  the  negroes;  and  taking  a  bell  that  was  at 
hand,  tied  it  to  his  waist,  then,  seizing  and  rattling  a  drum, 
raised  the  war-whoop.  Whitley  afterwards  said,  when 
telling  the  story,  'I  thought  the  times  were  squally;  I  looked 
at  Otter  Lifter;  he  had  told  me  I  should  not  be  killed — his 
countenance  remained  unchanged.  I  thought  him  a  man 
of  honor,  and  kept  my  own.'  At  this  time  the  Indians 
gathered  about  him  armed,  but  fired  their  guns  in  the  air, 
to  his  great  relief.  Whitley  finally'  succeeded  in  regaining 
his  negroes  and  returned  home.  Some  time  after  the  affair 
of  the  negroes,  he  again  visited  the  Cherokees  and  was 
everywhere  received  in  the  most  friendly  manner. 

"In  the  year  1813,  being  then  in  the  sixty-fifth  year  of 
his  age,  he  volunteered  with  the  Kentucky  militia,  under 


9s8  CAPTAIN  ABRA^r  CHAPLIXE. 


Governor   Shelby,  and  fell   in   the  decisive  and  victorious 
battle  of  the  Thames  on  the  5tli  of  October. 

"Colonel  AVhitley  w^as  a  man  above  the  ordinary  size,  of 
great  muscular  power  and  capable  of  enduring  great  fatigue 
and  privation.  Flis  courage  as  a  soldier  was  unquestion- 
able, having  been  foremost  in  seventeen  battles  with  the 
Indians,  and  one  with  a  more  civilized  foe.  In  the  battle 
of  the  Thames  he  fell  at  the  first  tire.  On  the  night  before 
the  battle  he  occupied  the  same  tent  with  his  old  neighbor 
and  friend — to  whom  he  told  his  presentiment  that  he  would 
be  killed  in  the  coming  engagement,  and  urged  him,  but 
in  vain,  to  have  his  scalp  taken  back  to  his  wife,  Esther,  in 
Kentucky.  The  Forlorn  Hope  spoken  of  above  was  com- 
posed of  twenty  men.  The  command  was  given  by  Colonel 
Johnson  to  his  old  friend  Colonel  William  Whitley,  who 
thus  addressed  his  Spartan  band:  'Boj's,  we  have  been 
selected  to  second  our  colonel  in  the  charge;  act  well  your 
part;  recollect  the  watch-word — victory  or  deathV  Fif- 
teen were  killed  in  the  charge  or  died  of  wounds." 

ABRAM    CHAPLINE 

Was  an  ensign  in  Captain  Joseph  Bowman's  company  in 
the  Illinois  campaign,  and  was  a  lieutenant  in  Colonel  John 

Bowman's  expedition 
\^;:^^,.^_^_  against  the  Indians  in 
the  Ohio  country.  He 
was  also  a  captain  at 
Fort  Nelson  in  1783,  and  an  aid  to  General  George  Rogers 
Clark  in  the  unfortunate  campaign  against  the  Wabash  In- 
dians in  1786. 


CAPTAIN  AIJRAIM   CHAPLINE.  959 


lie  often  declared  that  General  Clark  was  so  chas^rined 
at  the  mutinous  conduct  of  the  soldiers  on  that  campaign 
that  he  came  near  shooting  himself. 

Chapline  had  seen  some  military  service  before  the  Illi- 
nois campaign,  and  was  probably  at  the  battle  of  Point 
Pleasant  in  1774. 

lie  was  prominent  in  affairs  at  I  larrodstown  in  its  earl}' 
settlement.  lie  was  there  at  the  temporar}'  breaking  up 
of  the  settlement  at  that  place,  "Juh'  10,  1774,  when  the 
Indians  fired  upon  a  part}'  of  five  of  them  (the  settlers)  at 
Fontainebleau  (or  Fountain  Blue),  a  large  spring  three 
miles  below  Harrodstown  (where  corn  had  already  been 
planted) .  They  (the  Indians)  instantly  killed  Jared  Cowan 
while  engaged  in  drying  some  papers  in  the  sun.  Jacob 
Sandusky  and  two  others,  not  knowing  but  that  the  others 
had  been  killed,  escaped  through  the  woods,  to  the  Cum- 
berland river,  and  thence  went  by  canoe  to  New  Orleans. 
The  remaining  men  fled  to  Harrodstown  and  gave  the 
alarm.  Captains  Flarrod  and  Chapline  and  a  strong  party 
went  down  and  buried  Jared  Cowan  and  secured  his  pa- 
pers, then  collected  up  their  scattered  men  and  returned  to 
Virginia  by  the  Cumberland  Gap."* 

He  was  one  of  the  original  board  of  commissioners  to 
allot  the  land  in  Clark's  Grant  among  those  who  served  in 
the  Illinois  campaign. 

He  settled  in  Mercer  county,  Kentucky,  and  was  long  a 
prominent  and  influential  citizen  there — representing  that 
county  in  the  house  of  representatives  in  1807,  and  in  the 
senate  in  1808-9,  ^"<^  18 14  to  181 7. 

*Collins's  Kentucky-. 


960  EBENEZER  AND   JOHN  SEVERNS. 

He  left  descendants,  who,  like  himself,  were  prominent 
and  respected. 

For  his  services  in  the  Illinois  campaign  he  was  allotted 
as  a  lieutenant  two  thousand  one  hundred  and  fifty-six 
acres  of  land  in  Clark's  Grant,  Indiana,  being  tracts  num- 
bered 145,  180,  232,  267,  each  for  five  hundred  acres,  and 
one  hundred  and  fifty-six  acres  in  tract  A,  No.  276. 

EBENEZERAND   JOHN  SEVERNS. 

Ebenezer  and  John  Severns,  presumably  brothers,  were 
both  soldiers  in  the  Illinois  campaign,  and  were  allotted 
lands  for  their  services.  They  probably  came  to  the  Ken- 
tucky country  as  early  as  1773,  and  were  consequently 
among  the  earliest  emigrants.  They  came  with  Bullitt, 
Hite,  Ilarrod  and  others,  surveyoi's,  and  their  assistants, 
and  were  eno-ag'ed  in  that  kind  of  work  in  the  summer  of 
that  3'ear,  and  for  several  years  afterwards. 

"In  the  fall  of  1775  David  Williams  conducted  Nathan- 
iel Randolph,  Peter  Higgins  and  Robert  Shanklin  from 
Harrodsburg  to  the  country  between  Hinkston  and  Stoner. 
In  the  summer  previous,  he  was  on  the  Middle  Fork,  or 
Gist's  (since  known  as  Stoner's)  creek,  with  Thomas  Gist, 
James  Douglass  (the  surveyor),  James  Harrod,  Sigismund 
Stratton,  Daniel  Hollenback,  John  Severns,  Ebenezer  Sev- 
erns,   Wabash,  and  others.     These  were  engaged  in 

surve\'ing."  * 

"1775.  This  historic  year,"  says  the  author  of  Falls 
Cities,  "so  rife  with  important  events  at  the  east,  prelud- 
ing the  war  for  American  independence,  was  comparatively 

""Collins's  Kentucky,  Vol,  2,  p.  326, 


ICUEXEZER  Ai\D    JOHN  SEVERNS.  961 


quiet  in  the  valley  of  the  Ohio.  In  this  region  the  daunt- 
less surveyors  were  still  pushing  their  way  through  the 
tangled  wildwood,  leading  the  van  of  empire.  Many  of 
their  movements,  and  perhaps  of  their  surveys,  remain  un- 
known to  this  day;  but,  from  depositions  taken  long  after- 
wards, one  mav  learn  of  a  party  at  work  in  the  middle  of 
December  on  Harrod's  creek,  consisting  of  Abraham  and 
Isaac  Hite,  Moses  Thompson,  Joseph  Bowman,  Nathaniel 
Randolph,  Peter  Case}-  and  Ebenezer  Severns,  who  were 
surveying." 

Their  headquarters  seems  to  have  been  at  or  about  Har- 
rodsburg  for  some  time  before  the  Illinois  campaign. 

The  subsequent  history  of  the  Severns  the  writer  has  not 
been  able  to  learn. 

Ebenezer  Severns  was  alloted  for  his  services  in  the  Illi- 
nois campaign  one  hundred  acres  of  land  in  Clark's  Grant 
in  D  No.  174  and  eight  acres  in  No.  74,  and  John  Sev- 
erns one  hundred  acres  in  No.  95   and  eight  acres  in  196. 

CORNET    JOHN  THRUSTON 

Was  allotted  two  thousand  one  hundred  and  fifty-six  acres 
of  land  in  Clark's  Grant  for  his  services  as  a  "cornet"  in 
the  Illinois  regiment,  a  cavalry  office  now  but  rarely,  if 
ever,  used. 

He  was  of  a  distinguished  Virginia  famil)',  tracing  their 
ancestry  back  to  Bristol,  England.  He  was  the  oldest  son 
of  Reverend  Charles  Mynn  Thruston  and  Mary  Buckner, 
daughter  of  Colonel  Samuel  Buckner,  all  of  Gloucester 
county,  Virginia.  His  brother.  Judge  Buckner  Thruston, 
was   at  one   time  United   States   senator  from  Kentucky, 


1)02  CORNET    TOHN  THRLSTOX. 


and  his  brother,  Charles  M3'nn  Thruston,  junior,  was 
the  second  husband  of  Frances,  General  George  Rogers 
Clark's  youngest  sister. 

Rev.  Charles  ]\I.  Thruston,  Senior,  removed  to  Frederick 
countv,  A^irginia,  and  settled  near  AVinchester.  His  second 
wife  was  a  ^Nliss  Alexander,  by  whom  he  had  several  children. 

This  Charles  Mvnn  Thruston,  Senior,  and  John  Mc- 
Donald, Edmund  Taylor,  John  Smith,  Charles  Smith, 
John  Hite  and  Isaac  Hite  were  members  of  the  first  jus- 
tice's court  of  Frederick  county,  Virginia,  that  convened 
after  the  colony  had  thrown  off  British  rule.  It  organized 
at  Winchester  under  "the  Honorable  the  Convention  of 
the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia,"  August  6,  1776,  and, 
all  the  above  being  present  (except  Charles  Smith),  pro- 
ceeded to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  new  govern- 
ment. Charles  Smith  was  absent  on  account  of  illness, 
and  at  the  meeting  one  month  later  a  certificate  of  his 
death  was  tiled.  "Isaac  Hite  and  Charles  jNIj-nn  Thruston 
administered  the  oath  to  John  Hite,  who  took  and  sub- 
scribed the  saine,  and  then  the  said  John  Hite  administered 
the  said  oath  to  all  the  aforesaid  members."  *  Norris's 
"Ilistor}'  of  the  Shenandoah  Valley"  (page  136),  from 
which  these  court  proceedings  are  quoted,  after  giving  the 
names  of  the  additional  and  minor  court  officers,  sa3's : 
"These  are  the  old  patriots  who  stepped  up  in  those  trying 
times   and  showed  their  colors."       The  justices  in  those 

*  Isaac  and  John  Hite  were  sons  of  Jost  Hite,  who  settled  the  first  colony  iji 
the  country  west  of  the  Blue  Ridge  mountains.  Charles  Smith  was  an  officer 
with  Washington  at  Great  Meadows,  and  married  the  daughter  of  John  Hite, 
and  their  daughter  married  Philip  Eastin,  a  lieutenant  in  the  War  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, who  was  the  grandfather  of  the  author  of  this  work. 


CORNKP    |01IN  THKUSTON.  963 


days  were  the  important  and  controlling  officers  of  a  coun- 
ty, and  these  gentlemen  had  up  to  this  time  been  members 
of  the  court  under  the  "Sovereign  Lord,  George  III." 
Under  the  new  order  of  things  Lord  Fairfax,  president  of 
the  court,  refused  to  take  the  oath,  as  did  William  Booth; 
while  Warner  W^ashington,  Jr.,  after  he  ''did  swear  in, 
did  not  chuse  to  act."  Isaac  Zane  appeared  at  the  Sep- 
tember meeting  and  took  the  oath,  but  Thomas  Bryan 
Martin  *  "never  cUd  swear  in  to  the  said  commission,"  ac- 
cording to  the  ancient  records  of  the  court. 

Cornet  John  Thruston  was  born  August  i8,  1761,  and 
soon  after  the  campaign  against  the  British  posts  ended 
settled  on  a  beautiful  tract  of  land  on  Beargrass  creek,  a 
few  miles  from  Louisville,  Kentucky,  containing  a  thousand 
acres,  where  he  continued  to  reside  until  his  death,  Febru- 
ar}'  19,  1802,  his  health  having  been  much  impaired  by 
exposure  in  the  campaigns  against  the  British.  He  was 
highly  respected  and  was  one  of  the  judges  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  at  the  time  of  his  death.  lie  married 
his  cousin,  Elizabeth  Thruston  Whiting,  by  whom  he  had 
a  large  family  of  children,  as  follows: 

1.  Mary  Buckner,  born  August  14,  17S3;  married  Peter 
Jannay,  of  Lexington,  Kentucky. 

2.  Elizabeth  Taylor,  born  Februarj^  13,  1785;  married 
Worden  Pope,  of  Louisville,  Kentuckj-,  September  11, 
1804. 

*  Thomas  Bryan  Martin  and  George  Washington  were  together  elected  mem- 
bers of  the  house  of  burgesses  from  Frederick  county  in  1758.  He  was  a  nephew 
and  heir  of  Lord  Fairfax,  and  one  of  tlie  executors  of  his  vast  estate.  IMartins- 
burg,  West  Virginia,  is  named  in  his  honor. 


964  CORNET  JOHN  THRUSTON. 


3.  Thomas  Whiting,  born  November  6,  1786;  married 
Mary  Dorsey  Luckto,  August  30,  1808. 

4.  Sarah,  born  November  8,  1788;  died  earl}'. 

5.  Catherine,  born  September  17,  1790;  married  Saul 
N.  Luckto. 

6.  George  ^Nlynn,  born  February  26,  1793;  married 
Eliza  Lydnor  Cosby,  oldest  child  of  Judge  Fortunatus 
Cosby,  of  Louisville. 

7.  Fannv  Badella,  born  T\Iarch  7,  1795;  married,  first. 
Colonel  Elias  Rector  and,  second.  General  Trigg. 

8.  Alfred,  born  April  16,  1797;  never  married. 

9.  Lucius  Falkland,  born  July  18,  1799;  never  married. 

10.  Algernon  Sidney,  born  May  19,  1801;  married 
Harriet  Jacques,  of  Texas,  December  19,  1846. 

These  were  all  people  of  excellent  standing,  and  their 
numerous  descendants  are  distributed  over  several  states, 
many  of  them  occupying  prominent  positions. 

The  information  in  this  sketch  as  to  the  famil}'  of  Cornet 
John  Thruston  is  largely  derived  from  his  grandson,  Dr. 
John  Thruston,  of  Louisville,  Kentucky. 

JOHN  DOYLE  OR  DOYAL. 

The  name  "John  Doyle"  is  found  on  the  roll  of  persons 
who  served  under  George  Rogers  Clark,  but  not  on  the 
roll  of  persons  allotted  lands  for  service  in  the  Illinois  cam- 
paign. There  were  probably  two  persons  of  the  same 
name  who  served  under  him.  Reynolds's  Pioneer  History 
of  Illinois  says: 

"John  Doyle  was  a  soldier  in  the  expedition  under  Colo- 
nel Clark  in   the  3'ear  1778,  and  soon  after  the  campaign 


JOHN  DOYI.E.  965 


settled  in  Illinois.  Doyle  had  a  family  and  resided  in  or 
near  Kaskaskia.  He  was  something  of  a  scholar,  and 
taught  school.  He  spoke  French  and  Indian,  and  was 
frequently  employed  as  an  interpreter  of  those  languages 
into  the  English.  He  was  unambitious  and  lived  and  died 
without  much  wealth.  He  was  considered  an  honest  man, 
and  was  always  respected  while  alive — as  he  is  now  when 
dead — as  one  of  the  brave  men  who  assisted  Colonel  Clark 
in  the  conquest  of  Illinois."  * 

But  it  is  asserted  that  another  John  Doyle  served  under 
Clark  and  lived  and  died  in  Kentucky.  The  name  of  the 
last  mentioned  appears  to  be  now  spelled  Doyal,  by  his 
descendants,  and  the  following  account  of  him  is  from  a 
letter  written  by  his  grandson,  Judge  Samuel  H.  Doyal,  of 
Frankfort,  Indiana,  as  follows: 

"Your  kind  letter  requesting  a  brief  sketch  of  my  grand- 
father, John  Doyle,  who  served  with  Clark  in  the  Illinois 
campaign,  received,  and  in  reply  will  say,  that  my  grand- 
father joined  Clark's  command  when  a  very  young  man. 
He  was  born  in  Albemarle  county,  Virginia,  September 
20,  1760,  and,  after  serving  to  the  close  of  Clark's  famous 
campaign  in  the  west,  he  returned  to  his  home  near  Char- 
lottesville, Virginia,  re-entered  the  service  as  a  private  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War. 

"In  the  spring  of  1782  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  that 
ill-fated  expedition  against  the  Sandusky  Indians  that  was 
commanded  by  Colonel  William  Crawford.  He  shared 
the  hardships  of  this  campaign  and  was  one  of  the  fortunate 
ones  that  returned  home.       In  17S6  he  emigrated  to  Ken- 

*  Edition  of  1852,  p.  no. 


966  JOHN  DOYLE. 


tuck}-  and  located  near  Limestone,  now  Ma3'sville,  and 
soon  became  the  friend  and  associate  of  Simon  Kenton, 
whom  he  afterwards  joined  in  some  raids  against  the  In- 
dians. Later,  and  before  the  power  of  the  hostile  Indians 
^^as  broken  by  General  Wayne,  he  was  employed  three 
years  as  captain  of  the  scouts  or  spies,  as  the}-  were  called, 
to  patrol  the  Ohio  river  on  the  Kentucky  side  from  MaAS- 
ville  to  the  mouth  of  the  Sciota  river.  This  work  was 
perilous  and  he  had  man}'  thrilling  adventures. 

"In  1790  he  raised  a  company,  was  chosen  captain,  and 
joined,  with  many  other  Kentucky  troops,  General  ITar- 
mer  in  his  campaign  against  the  Indians.  In  1794  he 
again  entered  the  service  as  captain  under  the  leadership  of 
General  Charles  Scott,  of  Kentucky,  who  joined  General 
Wayne  in  his  campaign  against  the  Indians,  and  took  part 
August  20,  1794,  in  the  battle  of  Fallen  Timbers.  At  the 
close  of  this  service  he  adopted  the  life  of  a  farmer  and  set- 
tled in  what  becaine  Lewis  county,  Kentuck}',  a  count}' 
taken  off  of  Mason  on  the  east.  Upon  the  formation  of 
this  county  he  was  appointed  the  first  justice  of  the  peace, 
and  for  more  than  twenty  years  he  held  that  office,  and 
presided  o\er  the  council  of  magistrates,  that  met  at  the 
county  seat  at  stated  times  and  transacted  the  county  busi- 
ness. In  1813  he  became  so  incensed  at  General  Hull's 
surrender  that  he  again  enlisted  as  a  soldier  under  General 
Isaac  Shelby,  who  joined  General  Harrison's  arm}-,  and, 
as  a  private,  was  present  and  took  part  October  5,  181 3, 
in  the  battle  of  the  Thames.  This  ended  his  services  as  a 
soldier.  He  often  said  to  his  children  that  he  was  at  the 
besi'inninfj:  and  endin<>-  of  the  Indian  wars  of  the  northwest. 


JOHN   DDYI.E.  967 


lie  was  a  strong',  vigorous  man,  seldom  e\cr  sick,  and  in 
all  his  soldier  life  was  ne\'er  wounded.  lie  died  near 
\'anceburg,  Kentuck^■,  in  ^la-s',  1S47,  lacking  but  a  few 
months  of  eighty-seven  j-ears  of  age.  He  often  said  that 
General  Georo-e  Rogers  Clark  was  the  ablest  general  that 
ever  appeared  in  the  west,  and  that  he  accomplished  more 
with  a  small  body  of  men  than  anj'  other  officer  of  his 
time.  I  heard  the  storv  of  the  Illinois  campaign  from  his 
own  lips  two  3'ears  before  his  death.  His  admiration  for 
Clark  was  unbounded." 


Fac-similes  of  signatures  of  seven   person;:  not  sketched 
who  performed  military  service  under  George  Rogers  Clark. 


GENERAL  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 

From  an  oil  painting  in  possession  of  Colonel  Reuben 
T.  Durrett,  of  Louisville.  Kentucky. 


CHAPTER  XXV. 

SOME  HISTORICAL    INCIDENTS   CONNECTED   WITH    CLARK'S 

GRANT. 

The  region  of  the  falls  always  a  favorite  place  of  resort — Abundance  offish  and 
game — Battlefield  and  burying  ground  of  some  unknown  race  near  Clarks- 
ville — Ancient  stone  fortifications  at  the  mouth  of  Fourteen-mile  creek — Other 
forts  and  stations — Bland  Ballard's  escape — Lieutenant  Isaac  Bowman — 
Richard  Rue. 

^HE  grant  of  lands  opposite  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  on  the 
Indiana  side  of  the  river,  known  in  early  times  as  the 
Illinois  Grant,  but  in  modern  times  inore  generally  as  Clark's 
Grant,  because  donated  to  George  Rogers  Clark's  soldiers, 
has  always  been  regarded  as  historic  ground  of  peculiar 
interest. 

That  it  was  devoted  to  this  patriotic  purpose  would,  of 
itself,  forever  blend  it  with  the  interesting  storj'  of  the  ac- 
quisition by  the  United  States  of  the  great  country  known 
as  the  "Territory  Northwest  of  the  River  Ohio" — one  of 
the  most  important  events  in  its  history. 

Even  before  the  advent  of  the  first  white  visitors,  in 
modern  times,  the  rapids  of  the  river  and  its  other  natural 
and  attractive  features,  including  the  abundance  of  game, 
made  it  always  a  favorite  resort  of  the  Indians.  It  must 
have  been  so,  indeed,  at  a  period  earlier  than  there  are  an}- 
existing  records  or  traditions  of,  for  some  of  the  most  re- 

(969) 


yyo        ANCIENT  TRjVniTIONS  RELATING  TO  CLARK's  GRANT, 


markable  prehistoric  ruins  in  this  country  are  to  be  found 
within  the  boundaries  of  Clark's  Grant. 

On  the  river,  near  the  lower  ''line  of  the  grant,"  the 
earliest  white  visitors  found  an  immense  burying  ground  of 
some  unknown  race. 

Dr.  McMurtrie,  in  his  Sketches  of  Louisville,  says: 
"About  the  time  General  Clark  first  visited  this  country 
an  old  Indian  is  said  to  have  assured  him  that  there  was  a 
tradition  to  this  effect:  that  there  had  formerly  existed  a 
race  of  Indians  whose  complexion  was  much  lighter  than 
that  of  the  other  natives,  which  caused  them  to  be  known 
b}'  the  name  of  the  White  Indians;  that  bloody  wars  had 
always  been  waged  between  the  two,  but  that  at  last  the 
black  Indians  got  the  better  of  the  others  in  a  great  battle 
fought  at  Clarksville,  wherein  all  the  latter  were  assem- 
bled; that  the  remnant  of  their  army  took  refuge  in  Sandy 
island,  whither  their  successful  and  implacable  enemies  fol- 
lowed and  put  every  individual  to  death.  How  true  this 
inay  be  I  know  not,  but  appearances  are  strongly  in  its  fa- 
vor. A  large  field  a  little  below  Clarksville  contains  im- 
mense quantities  of  human  bones,  whose  decomposed  state 
and  the  regular  manner  in  which  they  are  scattered,  as 
well  as  the  circumstance  of  their  being  covered  with  an  al- 
luvial deposition  of  earth  six  or  seven  feet  deep,  evidently 
prove  that  it  was  not  a  regular  burial-place,  but  a  field  of 
battle  in  some  former  century." 

Professor  William  W.  Borden,  of  the  Indiana  geolog- 
ical bureau,  who  has  lived  in  the  neighborhood  all  his  life, 
says  that  "during  high  water  large  masses  of  the  bank  are 
undermined  and  topple  into  the  river,  exposing  the  skele- 
tons, which  lie  about  two  feet  below  the  surface." 


RUINS  OF  AN  UNKNOWN  FORT.  97  I 


Overlooking  the  Ohio  river  just  above  the  mouth  of 
Fourteen-mile  creek  the  first  white  visitors  found  the  ruins 
of  an  immense  stone  fort,  with  all  the  requirements  and 
surroundings  of  a  fortification  of  the  most  formidable 
character.  It  is  believed  to  have  been  the  work  of  some 
forgotten  race,  as  the  oldest  Indians  in  the  earliest  times 
kne^^'  nothing  of  its  origfin.  Fourteen-mile  creek  is  so 
called  because  it  empties  into  the  Ohio  fourteen  miles  above 
the  falls,  and  the  ruins  are  situated  upon  a  very  high  point 
overlooking  the  river  and  the  country  for  a  great  distance. 
It  is  on  tract  No.  76  of  Clark's  Grant.  A  full  descrip- 
tion of  these  interesting  remains  will  be  found  in  the  Indiana 
Geological  Survey  above  quoted  from.  Professor  E.  T. 
Cox,  ex-state  geologist,  a  gentleman  of  learning  and  obser- 
vation, speaks  of  this  ruined  fort  as  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able stone  fortifications  which  ever  came  under  his  notice; 
and  of  the  country  generally,  he  sa3's:  "This  seems  to  have 
been  eminently  fitted  to  the  habits  and  wants  of  the  mound- 
buildins  race.  Here  we  find  some  of  the  most  interesting 
workswhich  are  left  asmonuments  of  their  skill  and  industr}-. 
From  the  srreat  fortified  town  at  the  mouth  of  Fourteen- 
mile  creek  to  the  fortifications  at  Wiggin's  Point  on  Big 
creek,  a  distance  of  about  thirty  miles,  there  appears  to  be 
a  line  of  antiquities  that  mark  the  dwelling  places  of  inter- 
mediate colonies,  and  these,  when  pushed  to  extremes  by 
an  invading  foe,  mav  have  sought  protection  in  the  strong- 
holds at  either  end  of  the  line. 

"At  this  place  I  have  frequently  found  human  bones 
protruding  from  the  bank.  The  skeletons  are  enclosed  by 
pieces  of  slate  placed  on  edge.  They  are  buried  in  a  sit- 
62 


972  TRACES   OF  AN  UNKNOWN  PEOPLE. 


ting  posture,  and  are  covered  with  shells  and  fragments  of 
pottery."  The  same  gentleman  says  of  the  region  of 
Clark's  Grant,  generally,  that  "almost  every  elevation  of 
the  low  lands,  or  peaks  of  the  knobs,  show  some  evidence 
of  having  been  occupied  by  a  prehistoric  people. 
The  margin  of  the  streams  appears  to  have  been  the  favorite 
camping  ground  of  this  wonderful  race,  and  upon  nearly 
every  rise  of  ground  in  the  neighborhood  one  found  unique 
relics,  illustrating  their  habits  and  modes  of  living."  Pro- 
fessor Cox,  while  state  geologist,  made  a  careful  survey 
and  description  of  the  region  of  Clark's  Grant,  with  Pro- 
fessor Borden  as  assistant,  and  in  his  official  report  for 
1873  said,  that  "at  Clarksville,  just  below  the  falls  of  the 
Ohio  river,  in  Clark  county,  there  is  a  shell  heap  extending 
for  a  mile  or  more  up  and  down  the  river.  This  locality 
must  have  been  a  favorite  place  of  resort — an  ancient  Long 
Branch,  where  it  was  possible  to  find  enjoyment  and  pass 
a  pleasant  suminer  catching  fish  at  the  foot  of  the  falls, 
where  they  congregated  at  certain  seasons  of  the  year  in 
such  vast  numbers  as  to  become  an  easy  prey  to  the  bone- 
hooks  and  spears  used  for  their  capture  by  these  prehistoric 
people." 

Near  the  upper  line  of  Clark's  Grant,  and  a  few  miles 
above  the  ruins  at  the  mouth  of  Fourteen-mile  creek,  the 
river  is  very  shallow  at  a  point  now  called  "the  Grassy 
Flats,"  and  it  was  consequently  an  important  crossing  place 
for  Indians  between  the  rich  hunting  grounds  of  Indiana  and 
Kentucky,  and  in  later  times  was  useful  to  them  in  certain 
seasons  for  making  raids  on  the  white  settlers  in  Kentucky. 
To  place  a  check  upon  this  a  station  was  established  on  the 


MAJOR  BLAND  W.   T5ALI.ARD. 


973 


Indiana  side,  known  as  Armstrong's  Station,  of  which  more 
will  be  said  elsewhere.  This  was  one  of  the  earliest  white 
settlements  in  Indiana  other  than  those  inade  by  the  French. 
After  the  white  people  began  to  settle  about  the  falls  of  the 
Ohio  there  were  many  outrages  perpetrated  by  the  Indians 
within  the  limits  of  Clark's  Grant,  and  man}'  exciting  in- 
cidents occun-ed  there,  a  few  of  which  it  ma}'  be  interesting 
to  relate.  Clark's  soldiers,  it  will  be  seen,  were  generally 
involved  in  them. 


MAJOR  BLAND  W.   BALLARD. 

The  name  of  Bland  W.  Ballard   is   not   on   the   roll  of 

persons  who  received  land  for 
services  in  the  Illinois  cam- 
paign, but  he  was  undoubt- 
edly in  servdce  under  General 
George  Rogers  Clark  in  sev- 
eral cainpaigns  after  the  lat- 
ter returned  to  the  falls  of  the 
Ohio  and  established  his 
headquaiters  there.  Ballard 
was  often  employed  as  a 
scout,  or  spy,  and  in  that  ca- 
pacity experienced  many  ex- 
citing and  dangerous  adven- 
One  of  these  occurred   in   Clark's   Grant,  and   is 


BLAND  W.  BALLARD. 


tures 


worth  relating. 


On  one  occasion  when  he  was  scouting  on  the  northern 
side  of  the  river  he  was  captured  by  five  Indians  a  few 
miles  above  the  falls  and  carried  back  into  the  wilderness 


974        BALLARD  CAPTURED  RY  THE  INDLVXS. 


some  twenty  miles  to  an  Indian  encampment.  The  In- 
dians happened  to  be  in  a  froHcsome  mood  about  the  time 
of  his  arrival,  having  been  lucky  in  securing  plunder,  in- 
cluding, probabl}',  a  little  fire-water. 

At  all  events,  they  got  to  playing  games,  and  running 
races.  Finally  a  match  was  made  for  a  foot-race  between 
two  old  Indians,  which  occasioned  much  excitement  and 
amusement.  This  was  the  day  after  Ballard's  capture. 
The  Indians  were  also  engaged  in  horse  racing,  but  the 
foot-race  between  the  two  old  warriors  was  to  be  the  grand 
climax  of  the  occasion. 

Ballard,  although  strictly  under  guard,  apparently  joined 
in  the  merriment  with  as  much  zest  as  the  rest,  but  he  was 
secretly  watching  for  an  opportunity  to  escape.  A  chance 
opportunity  soon  presented  itself,  although  a  dangerous 
one.  The  Indians  had  some  fine  horses  they  had  stolen 
from  Kentuck}?,  and  Ballard  had  cast  his  eye  on  a  particu- 
larly fleet-looking  animal  standing  not  far  away. 

When  the  old  warriors  started  on  their  foot-race  the  ex- 
citement of  the  Indians  mounted  to  the  highest  pitch,  and 
Ballard's  guards,  with  the  rest,  pushed  a  little  ahead  of 
him  to  watch  the  contest  and  see  the  outcome.  This  was 
the  opportunity  he  wanted,  and,  dangerous  as  it  was,  he 
embraced  it.  With  a  bound  he  reached  the  horse,  sprang 
upon  his  back  with  the  agility  of  a  circus  rider,  and  in  a 
moment  was  making  for  the  river  with  marvelous  rapidity. 
The  Indians  had  been  so  completely  engrossed  b}'  the  foot- 
race, and  were  so  dazed  by  the  boldness  and  audacity  of  the 
act,  that  he  had  obtained  a  good  start  before  they  mounted 


BLAND  Ballard's  escape  from  the  Indians.     975 


BLAND  BALLARD  S  ESCAPE. 


their  horses  and  start- 
ed in  pursuit  of  him. 
Then,  indeed,  began 
a  ride  for  life.  The 
famous  rides  of  John 
Gilpin  and  Tam  O'- 
Shanter  were  small 
affairs  in  comparison 
to  it.  Well  did  poor 
Ballard  realize  his 
danger.  He  knew 
that  recapture  meant  certain  death,  and  he  pushed  his 
horse  to  the  ver)'  utmost  of  its  capacity. 

He  had  not  misjudged  the  speed  and  bottom  of  the  gal- 
lant animal,  for  although  he  was  still  insight  of  the  yelling 
savages  when  the}' started,  he  gradually  widened  the  dis- 
tance between  them,  and  finally  was  entirely  out  of  sight. 
H^e  did  not  know  this  to  a  certainty,  however,  and  urged 
the  horse  on  at  its  utmost  speed,  expecting  every  moment 
to  hear  the  discharge  of  the  guns  of  the  pursuers,  but  at 
last  the  poor  animal  fell,  completely  exhausted.  Ballard 
left  the  horse  to  its  fate,  and  ran  on  towards  the  river, 
which  was  but  a  few  miles  distant.  Reaching  it  he  found, 
or  rolled,  a  couple  of  logs  in  the  water,  and  hastily  bound 
them  together  with  a  grape  vine.  Mounting  this  impro- 
vised raft,  he  paddled,  for  dear  life,  towards  the  Kentucky 
shore  which  he  reached,  at  last,  but  almost  dead  from  the 
strain,  excitement  and  fatigue  through  which  he  had  passed. 
Thus  ended  the  most  thrilling  individual  ride  ever  made 
across  the  territory  embraced  in  Clark's  Grant.     A   ride 


976  INDIANS  ATTACK  THE  BALLARD  RESIDENCE. 


was  made  across  southern  Indiana  on  a  laro-er  scale  during- 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  known  as  "Morgan's  raid," 
which  skirted  along-  the  northern  border  of  Clark's  Grant,  as 
the  author  can  testify,  being  an  interested  observer  on  that 
exciting  occasion. 

In  the  spring  of  1783,  Ballard  and  his  wife  were  in  an 
ungarrisoned  and  almost  unoccupied  fort  in  Shelby  county, 
Kentuck}.',  and  his  father  and  family  were,  at  the  time, 
occupying  a  cabin  near  the  fort.  One  of  the  sons,  who  went 
out  of  the  house  in  the  morning  with  an  ax  to  cut  fire-wood, 
was  suddenty  shot  at  and  killed.  The  door  of  the  cabin  was 
shut  and  fastened  before  the  Indians  could  reach  it,  and 
Bland,  who  happened  to  be  the  only  Indian  fighter  in  the 
fort,  hearing  the  shots  rushed  towards  the  cabin  keeping 
himself  out  of  view,  and  managed  to  shoot  two  of  the  party 
of  Indians  who  were  trying  to  get  in  by  the  front  door. 
The  other  savages  ran  around  the  house  and  with  the  ax 
of  the  dead  son  broke  in  the  door  on  the  opposite  side. 
Old  man  Ballard,  who  was  also  named  Bland,  his  wife, 
and  several  children  in  the  cabin  were  all  ruthlessly  stricken 
down  by  the  remaining  five  Indians  who  instantly  fled  with 
the  scalps  of  the  victims  as  their  trophies,  but  not  without 
losing  one  more  of  their  number  by  a  shot  from  the  cour- 
ageous Bland  as  they  hastily  depaited.  He  could  not, 
however,  attempt  to  pursue  them  under  the  circumstances. 
Repairing  at  once  to  the  cabin,  the  bodies  of  all  the  inmates 
were  found  to  be  lifeless  and  mutilated,  except  one  little 
girl — a  half-sister — who  had  been  scalped  and  left  for  dead, 
but  who  revived  and  had  strength  enough  remaining  to 
crawl  under  the  puncheon  floor.      But  notwithstanding  this 


OTHER  ADN'KX'PUKES  OF  M.\]OR   ]!AI.L.\I^D.  977 


fearful  ordeal  she  finally  recovered  and  lived  to  become 
the  mother  of  a  large  familv  of  children. 

A  witness  to  these  horrid  butcheries  of  his  own  kindred, 
no  wonder  Major  Ballard  became  the  inveterate  foe  of  the 
Indian  race.  This  account  of  the  massacre  of  these  mem- 
bers of  the  Ballard  family  was  gWen  to  the  author  by  R. 
C.  Ballard  Thruston,  Esquire,  who  is  a  member  of  the 
family,  and  he  received  it  from  sources  understood  to  be  en- 
tirety authentic  and  reliable. 

Bland  Ballard  was  engaged  in  many  other  adventures 
with  the  Indians,  and  in  one,  which  occurred  a  few  miles 
below  the  falls,  he  succeeded  in  killing  three  as  they  were 
attempting  to  cross  to  the  Kentucky  side  in  a  canoe,  not 
knowing  that  he  was  concealed  in  some  willow  bushes  within 
shooting  distance.  General  Clark  warinly  commended  his 
braver^•  and  adroit  management  on  this  occasion,  besides 
rewarding  him  with  presents,  one  of  which  is  mentioned  in 
the  accounts  of  the  time  as  "a  linen  shirt,"  from  which  it 
may  be  inferred  that  that  article  was  then  a  scarcitj'  and 
highly  prized.  He  was  captain  of  a  company  in  the  war  of 
181 2,  and  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner  in  Canada,  but 
this  time  he  was  too  far  away  from  home  to  make  another 
horse-back  ride,  for  "life  and  libert}^,"  even  if  he  had  the 
opportunity. 

When  the  author  was  about  eighteen  years  old,  and,  no 
doubt,  much  fuller  of  political  zeal  than  knowledge,  he  was 
one  of  a  considerable  number  who  went  across  the  Ohio 
river,  in  the  presidential  canvass  of  1840,  to  a  big  political 
barbecue  at  West  Port,  Kentucky — a  kind  of  interstate 
"grand  rail}'"  of  the  Democratic  party — which  it  was  vainty 


978  BI.AXD  BALI.ARD  AT  A  BARBECUE. 


hoped  might  revolutionize  things  in  favor  of  the  Democrats, 
or,  at  least,  prevent  the  Whigs  from  revolutionizing  them. 
Thomas  J.  Henly,  soon  after  elected  to  congress,  and  some 
other  "big  guns,"  were  of  the  Indiana  party,  and  made 
speeches,  but  the  guns  of  the  greatest  execution  and  the 
largest  caliber — the  Krups  and  the  Gatlings,  so  to  speak — 
were  furnished  b}-  Kentucky,  and  were  such  well-known 
speakers  as  James  Guthrie  and  Pilcher,  a  very  popular  and 
witty  speaker,  who  later  changed  his  political  associations. 

At  this  barbecue,  "where  pigs  were  roasted  whole  and 
beef  by  the  quarter,"  the  big  crowd  was  expected  by  steam- 
boat from  Louisville,  and  the  expectation  was  fully  realized. 
It  came,  and  with  it  soine  famous  Kentucky  pioneers,  the 
most  prominent  being  Major  Bland  Ballard,  the  hero  of 
the  foregoing  story,  who  speedily  became  the  hero  of  the 
barbecue  also,  for  the  crowd  followed  and  loudly  applauded 
him,  and  "the  boys"  were  as  much  excited  as  during  a 
circus  parade.  He  was  old,  probabl}-  eighty,*  but  active 
and  agile  for  his  age,  and  had  the  picturesque  dress  of  the 
early  pioneer  period,  including  the  leather  hunting  shirt. 

This  was  not  the  only  leather  hunting  shirt  the  author 
saw  worn  during  "the  hard  cider  and  log  cabin"  campaign 
of  1S40.  At  that  time  the  venerable  Marston  G.  Clark, 
cousin  of  George  Rogers  Clark,  lived  in  southern  Indiana. 
He  was  a  tall,  fine-looking  man,  and  when  dressed  in  his 
frontier  costuine,  which  included  a  becoming  leather  hunt- 
ing shirt  with  long  fringes,  he  was  a  splendid  specimen  of 
the  earl)7  pioneer.  He  was  a  great  friend  of  Willian  Henry 
Harrison  and  the  Whigs  often  played  him  and  his  taking 
costume  as  a  trump  card  at  their  political  meetings  in  that 

*  Major  Bland  W.  Ballard  died  in  Shelby  county,  Kentucky,  September  5, 
1853 — aged  ninety-two  years.  His  remains  are  interred  in  the  state  cemeter3'  at 
Frankfort. 


PRESIDENTIAL  CANVASS  OF  1S4O.  979 


rei^-ion.  ^Vn  immense  Whi«^'  barbecue  was  to  come  off  near 
the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  some  ten  or  fifteen  miles  distant,  and 
great  preparations  were  made  for  the  e\ent  in  Clark's 
neighborhood.  ^\n  enormous  canoe  fifty  feet  long  was 
mounted  on  wheels  and  filled  with  pretty  girls  to  wave 
''Tippecanoe  and  Tyler  too"  banners,  and  sing  that  "Lit- 
tle V^an  is  a  used-up  man"  and  other  popular  campaign 
songs  of  the  day.  It  was  drawn  by  fift3'-two  oxen,  making 
a  line  a  hundred  3'ards  long.  Such  was  the  enthusiasm 
produced  by  this  immense  and  unusual  outfit  that  when  it 
moved  forward  with  Clark  in  command  in  his  leather  hunt- 
ing shirt,  it  carried  with  it  not  only  all  the  Whigs,  but 
nearly  the  entire  population  along  the  route  as  well,  much 
to  the  disgust  and  discomfiture  of  the  Democratic  leaders. 

LIEUTENANT  ISAAC  BOWMAN. 

Some  account  of  the    ancestors    and  relatives  of    Isaac 

Bowman  has  already  been  given  in  previous  chapters.    The 

^_^  ^  stone  house  in  which  he  was 

^aut.e^  /i> (^■^</'/^y%  A-'-v-*-^  born,  iVpril  24,  1757,  is  still 
standing  in  a  fair  state  of  preservation  (1895),  ^"^^  ^^ 
situated  on  Cedar  creek,  near  Strasburg,  Virginia.  He 
inherited  the  house  from  his  father,  George  Bowman. 

His  brothers,  Colonel  Abraham  Bowman,  Major  Joseph 
Bowman  and  Colonel  John  Bowman  were  among  the 
earliest  visitors  to  Kentucky. 
The  latter  was  the  first  cou  n  ty 
lieutenant  of  Kentucky,  and  thus  virtually  the  first  governor, 
but  this  was,  of  course,  before  the  organization  of  the  state. 
Isaac  probably  went  with  his  brothers  or  a  little  later.     The 


980  LIEUTENANT  ISAAC  BOWMAN. 


Bowmans  and  their  kinsman,  Isaac  Flite,  were  of  the  party 
of  thirteen  whose  names  were  cut  on  a  beech  tree  in 
AVarren  county,  Kentucky,  in  1775,  an  account  of  which 
has  already  been  given.*  The  Bowmans  and  Ilites  had 
large  property  interests  in  what  is  now  Mercer  county,  and 
elsewhere,  in  Kentucky,  a  little  later  on,  but  Isaac  was  not 
a  party,  presumably  on  account  of  not  then  being  of  age. 

Isaac  Bowman  was  five  years  younger  than  his  brother 
Joseph.  Both  were  officers  under  General  George  Rogers 
Clark  in  the  Illinois  campaigns  of  1778-9;  and  Joseph,  who 
was  second  in  command  at  the  capture  of  Fort  Sackville, 
died  in  the  fort,   and  was  buried  in  Vincennes. 

Isaac  was  a  lieutenant  and  quarterinaster,  and  was  one 
of  the  party  who  returned  to  Virginia  in  the  siunmer  of 
1778,  in  charge  of  Rochblave,  the  captured  cominandant 
of  Kaskaskia.  He  was  the  bearer  of  letters  to  his  relatives 
in  Virginia,  written  by  his  brother  Joseph,  giving  an  account 
of  the  expedition  up  to  that  time.  These  important  letters 
are  given  in  full  elsewhere  in  this  work.  How  long  he 
remained  in  Virginia  is  not  known,  but  that  he  rejoined  the 
army  in  the  Illinois,  and  was  there  in  1779,  is  certain. 
He  was  probably  at  the  capture  of  Vincennes,  and  at  the 
funeral  of  his  brother  there  in  August,  1779.  The  original 
account  of  the  expenses  of  his  brother's  funeral,  which  he 
paid,  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  author. 

In  the  fall  of  that  year,  he  started  on  an  expedition 
which  proved  very  disastrous.  It  is  thus  referred  to  in  a 
letter  of  John  Todd,  then  the  county  lieutenant  of  the  Illi- 
nois country,  to  Thomas  Jeffei'son,  governor  of  Vii'ginia. 
The  letter  is  dated   June   2,  1780,  and  says:     "Mr.  Isaac 

*Isaac,  third  nephew  of  Isaac  Hite  Sr.,  referred  to  elsewhere. 


LIEUTENANT  ISAAC  UOWMAN.  98 1 


Bowman,  with  seven  or  eight  men  and  one  famil}-,  set 
off  from  Kaskaskia  the  15th  November  last  in  a  batteau, 
attended  by  another  batteau  with  twelve  men  and  three  or 
four  families  in  it  bound  to  the  falls  of  Ohio.  I  judged 
it  safer  to  send  to  the  falls  many  articles  belonging  to  the 
commonwealth,  by  Bowman,  then  to  bring  them  mj-self 
by  land.  Bowman's  batteau  fell  into  the  hands  of  Chick- 
saw  Indians  and  the  other  arrived  in  March  or  April  at  the 
French  Lick  on  Cumberland,  with  the  account  that  Bow- 
man and  all  the  men  except  one  Riddle  (Ruddle)  were 
killed  and  taken. 

"I  enclose  Your  Excellency  a  list  of  such  articles  as  be- 
longed to  the  state,  as  well  as  I  can  make  out  from  my 
detached  memorandums,  my  books  and  many  necessary 
papers  being  also  lost." 

It  was  long  supposed,  as  stated  in  Governor  Todd's  letter, 
that  Lieutenant  Bowman  was  dead.  It  turned  out,  how- 
ever, that  he  was  not  killed,  but  captured  by  the  Indians, 
and  experienced  the  most  thrilling  adventures  during  his 
captivity,  and  the  traditions  on  the  subject  among  his  de- 
scendants are  uniform  and  positive.  He  \\'as  at  first  treated 
with  great  severit}/,  being  wounded  several  times,  and  sub- 
jected to  every  torture,  short  of  death,  that  the  cruel  savages 
could  devise. 

But  there  came  a  time  when  there  was  an  entire  change 
in  their  conduct  towards  him,  and  finally  a  chief  took  a 
fancy  to  and  adopted  him  and  selected  him  for  a  son-in-law. 
While  there  is  no  evidence  that  connects  Lieutenant  Bow- 
man with  the  circumstance,  it  is  a  singular  coincidence  that 
when  Lewis  and  Clark  made  their  expedition  through  the 


982  LIEUTENANT  ISAAC  ]!OW?vIAN. 


wilderness  to  the  Pacific,  in  1804,  they  came  across  an  In- 
dian woman  in  the  far  west  with  the  name  "J.  Bowman" 
tattooed  on  her  arm.* 

Through  the  intervention  of  an  Indian  trader,  possibly  a 
Spaniard,  he  escaped  from  the  Indian  countrj',  and  we  hear 
of  him  next  in  the  island  of  Cuba,  whither  it  is  possible  he 
had  gone  with  his  rescuer.  Another  account  is  that  his 
release  was  secured  by  a  trader  named  Turnbull,  a  part  of 
the  consideration  being  a  keg  of  rum,  and  that  he  remained 
in  this  trader's  service  until  he  had  full}-'  recompensed  him 
for  his  outlay;  then  he  returned  to  Virginia  from  Cuba, 
to  the  great  surprise  and  joy  of  his  numerous  relatives  and 
friends.  Certain  it  is  that  he  reached  his  old  home  in  safety 
and  was  a  prosperous  and  prominent  citizen  there  the  rest 
of  his  life. 

lie  was  twice  married  and  left  a  numerous  family  of 
children,  as  follows:  Philip,  Abraham,  Catharine  and  Susan 
by  the  first  wife,  Elizabeth  Gatewood.  Joseph,  John, 
Eliza,  Isaac,  George,  Robert,  Mary,  Washington  and  Re- 
becca, by  the  second  wife,  INIarj^  Chinn. 

In  the  allotment  of  land  in  Clark's  Grant  among  those 
who  had  served  in  the  Illinois  campaign.  Lieutenant  Bow- 
man was  particularly  fortunate.  He  was  allotted  tracts 
Nos.  I,  158,  213,  289,  each  for  five  hundred  acres,  and 
one  hundred  and  fifty-six  acres  in  No.  32,  amounting  in 
all  to  two  thousand  one  hundred  and  fifty-six  acres. 

Tract  No.  i  was  on  the  river  immediately  opposite 
Louisville,  and  in  1802  the  city  of  Jeffersonville  was  laid 
off  on  it,  and  made  the  county  seat  of  Clark  county,  which 

*Coiie's  Lewis  and  Clark,  Vo].  2,  p.  777. 


LIEUTENANT  ISAAC  KOWMAN.  983 


had  been  CTeated  the  year  before.  He  donated  the  ground 
for  the  town  site  or  for  a  portion  of  it. 

John  Gwathme}',  who  had  married  a  relative  of  Bow- 
man's, was  his  agent  in  looking  after  these  lands,  in  plat- 
ting Jeffersonville,  selling  the  lots,  and  in  various  other 
matters  connected  therewith,  now  of  considerable  local  in- 
terest from  an  historical  standpoint. 

Gwathmey  was  a  fluent  and  prolific  writer  and  explained 
all  his  transactions  fully  in  letters  to  Bowman,  which  have 
been  placed  at  the  service  of  the  author,  and  will  be  more 
or  less  used  in  speaking  of  the  settlement  of  Jeffersonville 
and  the  early  history  of  Clark  county  in  a  subsequent 
volume.  There  is  much  in  the  letters  in  reference  to  a  canal, 
then  expected  to  be  made  on  the  Indiana  side  of  the  river, 
about  a  mineral  spring  on  Bowman's  land  back  of  Jeffer- 
sonville, and  other  matters  of  interest  relating  to  affairs  in 
that  locality  at  that  early  dav. 

The  author  happens  to  be  quite  familiar  with  the  five- 
hundred-acre  tract  No.  2S9,  which  was  one  of  the  tracts 
allotted  Bowman.  It  is  situated  in  that  part  of  Clark's 
Grant  which  is  in  Scott  county,  and  was  known  in  early 
times  as  ''the  Burnt  Cabin  Tract,"  from  the  fact  that  a 
cabin  that  was  built  on  it  and  occupied  in  the  pioneer 
period  was  partially  destroyed  by  fire.  The  place  ^^'as 
then  abandoned  and  not  occupied  again  for  a  period  of  fifty 
years  or  more,  and  the  clearing  around  the  house  became 
a  dense  thicket  of  bushes  and  briers,  which  made,  with  the 
ruins  of  the  cabin,  a  romantic  picture  of  desolation. 

The  man  who  settled  it  must  have  been  a  "pioneer"  in- 
deed, as  there  was   not  at  that  time  another  house  in  the 


984  LIEUTENANT  ISAAC  llOWMAN. 


neighborhood.  It  was  a  ruin  and  a  dense  thicket  as  far  back 
as  1850,  and  is  vividly  recalled  as  then  being  a  weird  and 
desolate-looking  place.  As  to  who  had  ventured  to  occup}' 
this  cabin  in  the  wilderness,  or  what  became  of  them,  the 
oldest,  then,  inhabitant  of  the  sparsely  settled  neighborhood, 
knew  nothing,  and  as  now  recalled,  for  a  long  time,  even 
the  ownership  of  the  land  was  unknown.  It  was  in  this 
neglected  condition  in  1852,  when  the  author  ascertained 
the  owners  to  be  Michael  M.  Clark  and  wife,  of  Wash- 
ington City,  from  whoin  he  purchased  it,  and  their  quaint 
old-fashioned  deed,  with  its  historic  recitals,  is  recorded  in 
the  recorder's  office  of  Scott  county,  in  Book  "M,"  pages 

57^-3-4- 

Another  of  Bowman's  tracts  of  some  celebrity  was  No. 
158,  on  Fourteen-inile  creek,  on  which  was  a  salt  spring 
supposed  to  be  of  great  value,  and  which  proved  a  source  of 
considerable  litigation  both  in  the  Kentucky  and  Indiana 
courts.  There  was  a  great  scarcity  of  salt  in  early  daj's  in 
this  part  of  the  country,  and  it  was  supposed  could  be  made 
here  to  advantage,  but  the  expectations  were  never  realized. 

Lieutenant  Bowman  died  in  the  year  1826,  at  his  home 
in  Virginia,  leaving'  behind  him  an  honorable  record  as  a 
man  and  a  citizen.  He  has  numerous  respected  descendants 
in  various  parts  of  the  country.  His  eldest  son,  Philip, 
located  in  Switzerland  county,  Indiana,  where  he  left  a 
large  family;  and  the  venerable  and  respected  widow  of  his 
son  and  namesake,  Isaac,  is  still  living  on  the  old  home- 
stead in  Virginia.  Her  maiden  name  was  Eleanor  Briscoe 
Hite,  so  that  both  herself  and  husband  were  direct  descend- 
ants of  the  celebrated  Jost  Hite,  who  founded  the  first  col- 


RICHARD  RUE.  985 


ony  that  settled  the  Shenandoah  Valley.  Notwithstanding 
her  eighty-two  j'ears,  her  bright  mind  is  still  strong  and 
vigorous,  and  the  author  who  is  greath*  indebted  to  her  for 
kindl}'  assistance  in  his  researches  as  to  the  Bowman  family 
has  found  her  to  be  a  inost  capable  and  interesting  corre- 
spondent, possessing  a  rare  fund  of  valuable  information 
as  to  early  \"irginia  history.  A  like  tribute  is  due  Mrs. 
Mary  D.  Bowman,  of  Harrodsburg,  Kentucky,  widow  of 
Professor  John  B.  Bowman,  who  turned  overall  her  hus- 
band's historic  family  papers  for  the  use  of  the  author. 

RICHARD  Rur: 

Is  not  on  the  roll  of  persons  receiving  land  in  Clark's  Grant, 
for  services  in  the  Illinois  regiment,  but  it  is  known  he  served 

/7  under    the   general, 

y^       W       y^  probably      after 

i^  *''^ —  Clark  s  return  to  the 
falls,  from  the  following  certificate  of  Levi  Todd,  one  of 
Clark's  officers : 

"Fayette  C(junty,  July  29,  17S4. 
"I  do  certify  that  Robert  Patterson  served  as  a  sergeant. 
That  James  January,  James  McNut,  George  Gray,  Elisha 
Bathey,  Richard  Rue,  John  Severns,  Arthur  Lindsay  and 
Samuel  McMullan,  served  as  soldiers  under  me  (and  were 
afterwards  added  to  Captain  Helm's  company)  in  an  expe- 
dition commanded  by  Colonel  George  Rogers  Clark  against 
the  Illinois  in  the  year  1778,  and  continued  in  that  service 
until  the  reduction  of  the  different  posts  in  that  country. 
"Given  imder  my  hand,  Levi  Todd." 


986 


RICHARD  RUE. 


All  of  the  above  received  land  in  Clark's  Grant  except 
Richard  Rue.  It  is  possible  he  was  entitled  to  land  and 
did  not  claim  it,  b'.it  it  is  more  likely  he  was  not  in  service 
the  requisite  time  to  be  entitled  to  land  in  that  grant;  but 
that  he  served  under  Clark,  in  some  of  his  campaigns,  is 
certain,  as  there  is  not  only  the  evidence  of  the  above  cer- 
tificate, but  his  name  is  on  the  roll  of  Clark's  soldiers  which 
will  be  found  in  the  appendix  to  this  volume.  When  a 
young  man  he  and  several  others,  including  George  IIol- 
man,  who  subsequently  became  his  brother-in-law,  were 
captured  by  the  Indians  on  the  Kentucky  side,  and  carried 
across  the  river  to  the  Indian  towns  on  the  Wabash, 
Maumee   and  Auglaise,  where  they  were   at  first  treated 

with    great 

severity  and 

made   to    run 

"Ifr-    M      the   gauntlet 

'   V--    ^rra     several    times. 

T  h  i  s  w  a  s    a 

V  "3     species  of   sav- 


RICHARD    RUE    RUNNING    THE    GAUNTLET. 


me  nt  where  the 
prisoner  was 
forced  to  run 
between  two 

lines  of  Indians,  each  being  privileged  to  strike  him  one  blow 
if  he  could  as  he  ran  through.  They  did  not,  however, 
strike  with  deadly  weapons,  but  generally  with  switches  or 
clubs,  and  they  always  had  suitable  arrangements  to  prevent 
the  escape  of    the  prisoner.      One  of  the  party,  Ilinton  by 


RICHARD  RUE.  987 

name,  who  had  a  wife  and  children,  attempted  to  escape, 
from  love  of  them  as  he  said,  but  unfortunate)}'  the  Indians 
recaptured  him  and  burned  him  to  death  at  the  stake,  liter- 
ally roasting;  him  alive,  which  awful  event  the  other  prison- 
ers were  compelled  to  witness,  being  told  "that  is  the  way 
Indians  serve  run-awav  prisoners."  Both  Rue  and  IIol- 
man  were  at  one  time  on  the  point  of  being  burned  at  the 
stake  and  barely  escaped  that  dreadful  fate  b}'  some  of  the 
Indians  relenting  and  interfering  in  their  behalf.  They 
were  carried  from  village  to  village  and  finally  to  Detroit, 
where  Rue  and  several  of  the  party  escaped,  and  had  the 
good  fortune  to  reach  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  twenty  da3s 
thereafter,  having  been  in  captivity  several  years.  Sup- 
posing Rue  to  be  dead,  administration  had  been  begun 
on  his  estate,  which  consisted  mainly  of  a  lot  in  Louisville. 
Holman  again  came  near  losing  his  life  because  of  the  ex- 
asperation at  the  escape  of  Rue  and  the  other  prisoners, 
and  he  saw  them  burn  to  death  Richt^rd  Iloagland,  another 
white  prisoner.  But  he  managed  at  last  to  get  himself 
ransomed  and  returned  to  his  home  after  three  and  a  half 
years  of  terrible  captivity.*  He  soon  joined  Rue  and  the 
two  removed  to  Indiana  territory  in  1805,  and  settled  on 
the  same  section  of  land  in  what  is  now  Wayne  county, 
about  two  miles  south  of  Richmond,  where  they  remained 
the  rest  of  their  lives  and  were  among  the  most  prominent 
and  respected  citizens  of  that  locality.  Rue  represented 
that  county  in  the  territorial  legislature  and  died  about  1844, 
leaving  many  descendants. 

*  A  full  and  very  interesting  account  of  the  captivity  of  Rue  and  Holman  has 
been  published  by  Sandford  C.  Cox,  one  of  Rue's  descendants. 

63 


9S8 


RICHARD  RUE. 


George  Holman,  Rue's  companion  in  captivity,  lived  to 

the  remarkable  age  of   one  hundred, 

not   dying   until   1859.      He   also  left 

numerous  descendants  some  of  whom 

became    prominently    identified   with 

the  history   of    the  state,    particularly 

Joseph    Holman,    a    son   of   George, 

and  William  J.  Holman,  a  grandson. 

Joseph  was  a  member  of  the  conven- 
tion of  1 816,  which  framed  the  first 
constitution  of  Indiana,  and  he  was  the 
last  of  that  distinguished  body  to  die. 
The  author  when  3'oung  frequently  met 
him  and  derived  much  interesting  his- 
torical information  from  him.  Another 
son,  Washington,  was  a  member  of  the 


GEORGE    HOLMAN. 


JOSEPH  HOLMAN. 


Indiana  legislature  from  Miami  county. 


— c5 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 

BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 


JONATHAN  CLARK,  the  oldest  brother  of  the  chil- 


dren of   John  Clark  and  Ann  Rogers,  was  born  in 
Albemarle  county,  Virginia,  August  i,  1750  (old  style). 

He  received  a  fair  English  education, 
/)     /     J        and,  in  time,  became  a  lawyer,  and  a 
xQy/-AA^)        successful  man  of  business.      He  was 
the  prudent,  practical  business  man 
of  the  elder  portion  of  the  numerous 
children  of  John  Clark,  as  his  brother 
William  was  of  the  younger. 

When  quite  young  he  spent  some  time  in  the  office  of  the 
clerk  of  Spottsylvania  county,  Virginia,  as  deputy  clerk,  in 
which  capacity  he  added  much  to  his  stock  of  information 
about  practical  affairs. 

In  1772  he  removed  to  Woodstock,  in  the  count}'  then 
called  Dunmore,  but  which  was  afterwards  changed  to 
Shenandoah,  and  was  very  soon  taken  into  public  favor  by 
being  selected,  with  the  celebrated  Peter  Muhlenberg,  to 
serve  as  delegate  from  the  county  in  an  important  conven- 
tion held  at  Richmond  in  the  interests  of  the  colonies. 

About  this  time  trouble  began  between  the  patriotic  citi- 
zens of  Virginia,  and  the  royal  governor.  Lord  Dunmore, 

(991) 


992     BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 

which  cuhninated  in  the  latter  seizing  the  public  powder 
belonging  to  the  colony  without  authorit)^  This  led  to  an 
uprising  of  the  sturdy  colonists  to  regain  possession  of  the 
powder,  by  force  if  necessary,  and  young  Clark  marched 
towards  Williamsburgh,  the  then  capital,  as  lieutenant  of 
an  independent  compan}'  of  riflemen  for  that  purpose. 

Clark's  company  returned  home,  however,  without  blood- 
shed, and  he  and  Muhlenberg  were  again  sent  as  dele- 
gates to  the  convention  which  met  at  Richmond  in  Decem- 
ber, 1775. 

In  the  spring  of  1776,  Clark  was  promoted  to  the  cap- 
taincy of  a  company  (commissioned  March  4),  which 
advanced  from  Woodstock  to  Portsmouth,  and  was  engaged 
in  several  skirmishes  with  the  adherents  of  the  royal  gov- 
ernor, Dunmore,  who,  in  the  meantime,  had  fled  the  capital 
and  taken  refuge  on  an  English  ship. 

Early  in  the  following  summer,  Clark  marched  with 
Muhlenberg's  regiment  and  other  troops  to  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  at  which  place  they  arrived  on  the  24th  of 
June,  and  were  at  once  involved  in  the  important  military 
movements  then  going  on  at  that  place  and  vicinity.  He 
continued  there  until  in  August  when  he  was  ordered  fur- 
ther south,  and  at  Savannah  was  seized  with  dangerous 
illness  which  so  prostrated  him  that,  for  a  long  time,  he 
was  unable  to  perform  military  service,  and  returned  home 
on  furlough  in  the  autumn  of  that  year.  When  about  re- 
covered froin  this  long  protracted  sickness  in  the  spring  of 
1777,  he  had  the  misfortune  to  be  taken  down  with  the 
small-pox,  which  again  disabled  him  for  a  considerable 
period. 


BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK.      993 


As  soon  as  his  health  permitted,  he  returned  to  the  army 
under  Washington,  then  at  Bound  Brook  encampment, 
and  with  the  Eighth  Virginia  Regiment,  in  the  brigade  of 
General  Charles  Scott,  participated  in  the  battles  of  Brandy- 
wine  and  Germantown,  and  aided  in  breaking  the  British 
right  wing  in  the  latter  battle. 

He  was  also  in  the  battle  of  Monmouth  in  1778,  and  in 
1779  served  with  great  distinction  in  the  surprise  of  the 
enemy  at  Paulus  Hook,  on  which  important  occasion  he 
was  second  in  command,  having  been  previously  promoted 
to  be  a  major  by  congress. 

One  hundred  and  fifty-nine  of  the  enem}'  were  captured 
in  this  affair,  with  a  loss  to  the  Americans  of  only  two  killed 
and  three  wounded.  So  important  was  the  result  that  Gen- 
eral Washinofton  hastened  to  communicate  it  to  cong-ress  in 
a  manner  highl}-  complimentary.  He  said  "that  a  remark- 
able degree  of  prudence,  address,  enterprise  and  bravery 
was  displayed  on  the  occasion,  which  does  the  highest 
honor  to  all  the  officers  and  men  engaged  in  it,  and  that 
the  situation  of  the  fort  rendered  the  attempt  critical  and 
the  success  brilliant."  Congress  returned  thanks  and  or- 
dered a  gold  medal  to  be  made  in  honor  of  the  event,  and 
fifteen  thousand  dollars  to  be  distributed  among  the  rank 
and  file  who  participated  in  the  enterprise. 

Major  Clark  was  highly  complimented  in  letters  from 
Lord  Sterling  and  other  officers,  and  in  November  follow- 
ing congress  promoted  him  to  be  a  lieutenant-colonel,  to 
date  from  the  previous  May. 

In  the  following  winter  Clark  and  the  Virginia  regiment 
to  which  he  belonged,  together  with  other  troops,  marched 


094      BROTHERS  AXD  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 


through  terrible  hardships  to  the  south,  reaching  Charleston 
in  the  last  of  March,  1780,  where  they  encountered  still  fur- 
ther trials  and  sufferings,  until  finally,  on  the  12th  of  May, 
the  American  army,  then  under  command  of  General  Lin- 
coln, was  compelled  to  surrender  to  the  enemy.  Colonel 
Clark  was  held  a  prisoner  in  Charleston  i;ntil  the  spring 
of  1 781,  when  he  was  paroled  and  returned  to  Virginia,  but 
he  was  not  formally  exchanged  until  after  the  surrender  of 
Cornwallis. 

Abraham  Bowman  was  the  colonel  of  the  eighth  Vir- 
ginia regiment  of  which  Clark  was  the  lieutenant-colonel, 
and  he  was  also  the  first  cousin  of  an  attractive  young  lady 
residing  in  Frederick  county,  Virginia,  named  Sarah  Hite. 
She  was  the  daughter  of  Isaac  Hite,  Sr.,  and  granddaughter 
of  Jost  Hite,  and  her  brother  Isaac  Hite,  Jr.,  was  likewise  a 
major  in  the  Revolutionar}'  army. 

The  friendship  existing  between  the  two  comrades-in- 
arms led  to  an  acquaintance  between  Colonel  Clark  and 
Miss  Hite,  which  resulted  in  their  marriage  February  13, 
1782.  He  settled  for  a  time  in  Spottsylvania  county,  and 
was  commissioned  a  major-general  of  the  Virginia  militia 
in  1793. 

But  his  thoughts  now  turned  to  the  great  west,  and  in 
1802  he  joined  his  distinguished  brother,  George  Rogers 
Clark  at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  settling  finally  at  Trough 
Spring,  near  Louisville.  Here  he  devoted  himself  to  busi- 
ness with  great  success,  accumulating  a  large  fortune  in 
real  estate  as  well  as  personal  property.  The  inventory  of 
the  latter,  returned  by  Abraham  Hite,  his  wife's  cousin, 
and  John   H.  Clark,    his  son,   his  administrators,   covers 


r.ROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK.      995 


eleven  pages  of  book  of  inventories  No.  2,  Jefferson  coun- 
ty, Kentucky.  A  glance  over  the  long  list  shows  that  tift}/- 
six  of  his  slaves  were  mentioned  by  name.  The  following 
notice  of  General  Jonathan  Clark's  death  appeared  in  the 
]]\'sfcr?i  Sii)2,  published  at  Vincennes,  December  14,  181 1: 
''Another  Revolutionarj'  hero  is  gone — Died  at  his  seat  near 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  on  Monda}',  the  25th  ult.  (Novem- 
ber, 181 1),  General  Jonathan  Clark — He  supped  with  his 
famil)'  on  the  24th,  retired  at  his  accustomed  hour  to  rest, 
and  in  the  morning  was  found  numbered  with  the  dead." 

The  marriage  of  Jonathan  Clark  and  Sarah  Hite  was  a 
happ}^  one  in  ever}-  respect.  She  was  the  younger  by  some 
eight  years  and  survived  him  about  that  time.  They  are 
resting  side  by  side  in  Cave  Hill  Cemetery,  and  the  fr.mily 
monument  and  the  inscriptions  thereon  have  already  been 
described  in  a  previous  chapter.  A  list  of  their  descendants 
was  kindly  furnished  by  one  of  them.  Miss  Ann  J.  Bodle}', 
of  Louisville,  Kentuck}-,  will  be  found  near  the  close  of 
the  appendix. 

The  foUowinof  is  an  extract  from  an  interestino:  notice  of 
the  death  of  General  Jonathan  Clark,  which  appeared  in  a 
leading  newspaper  of  that  time: 

REPOSITORY  OF  DEATH. 

Died, 
At  his  seat,  on  Monday,  the   25th  ult.  (November,  1811), 
General  Jonathan  Clark,  aged  sixty-one — one  of  the  heroes 
who   participated  in   the   dangers  of  his  country  in  those 
days  when  she  struggled   for  her  birthright  amongst  the 


996     BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 


nations  of  the  earth.  He  supped  with  his  family  on  the 
evening  of  the  24th,  retired  at  his  accustomed  hour  to  rest, 
and  in  the  morning  was  found  numbered  with  the  dead. 
His  death  may  be  considered  as  truly  enviable,  for  it  was 
free  from  ever}'  species  of  pain  or  those  agonizing  feelings 
that  so  often  attend  the  last  hours  of  our  existence.  (Here 
follows  a  brief  narrative  of  the  leading  events  in  his  life, 
which  are  omitted,  as  they  have  already  been  given.) 

On  the  religious  character  of  General  Clark  it  will  not 
be  necessarj?  to  enlarge.  The  principles  of  piety  and  vir- 
tue were  early  instilled  by  a  strict  education;  nor  do  they 
appear  ever  to  have  lost  their  influence  upon  the  general 
conduct  of  his  life.  He  was  too  great  a  lover  of  truth  not 
to  make  religion  the  object  of  his  serious  inquiry.  The 
result  of  his  investigation  was  a  full  conviction  of  the  di- 
vine origin  of  the  Gospel,  and  the  nature  of  it  to  be  such 
as  demanded  his  warmest  acceptance.  In  his  person  he 
was  tall  and  well-proportioned;  in  his  manners  easy,  uni- 
form and  engaging,  and  in  his  conversation,  oftentimes, 
sprightly — always  agreeable. 

Thus  has  a  fond  wife  been  bereft  of  an  affectionate  and 
loving  husband,  children  of  a  tender  father,  and  society  of 
a  valuable  member. 

December  6,  181 1. 

A  pleasing  form,  a  generous,  gentle  heart; 
A  good  companion,  honest  "without  art; 
Just  in  his  dealings,  faithful  to  his  friend, 
Belov'd  through  life,  lamented  in  the  end. 
Reader  attend,  and  copy  if  you  can 
The  noblest  work  of  God — an  honest  man. 


BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK.     997 


ANN  CLARK  GWATHMEY, 

Whose  portrait  will  be  found  in  the  frontispiece  to  this 
chapter,  was  the  eldest  sister  of  General  George  Rogers 
Clark.  She  was  born  in  Virginia  and  became  the  wife  of 
Owen  Gwathmey  in  about  the  eighteenth  j'ear  of  her  age. 
He  was  for  a  short  time  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary 
War,  but  removed  west  soon  after  and  settled  at,  or  near, 
Louisville,  where  he  became  a  successful  business  man. 
They  raised  a  large  family  of  children,  and  among  their 
descendants  will  be  found  the  names  of  several  persons  of 
fj         J  /^  distinction.      It  is  notable 

■  '^^ -^^m^^Ba^^^^^____  dren,viz.:  John,  Samuel 
and  Ann,  married  three  of  the  children  of  Colonel  Will- 
iam Aylett  Booth  and  his  (\^  /  ICY;  -Z7^ 
wife,  Rebecca  Ilite,  viz.:  /U^ ^^^CC^ /Jc^tr/^ 
Ann,  Mary  and  William.  The  mother  was  a  sister 
yf/jy^-^^ .^_ff      of  General  Jonathan  Clark's 

Samuel  Gwathmey,  the  husband  of  Mary  Booth,  was 
one  of  the  trustees  who  laid  off  the  town  of  Jeffersonville 
in  1802,  and  was  long  a  resident  of  that 
place,  and  intimately  connected  with  early 
Indiana  history.  He  was  appointed  clerk 
of  Clark  county,  Indiana  territory,  in 
1801  and  treasurer  in  1802.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  legislative  council  of 
Indiana  territory,  and  further  mention 
SAMUEL  GWATHMEY.  ^.^^  bc  made  ofhim  in  that  connection. 


998      BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CI.ARK. 


He  held  a  number  of  offices,  and  on  one  occasion,  at  least, 
held  two  at  the  same  time,  which  caused  a  curious  question 
to  arise,  as  to  whether  he  could  properly  be  the  custodian 
of  his  own  bond.  He  referred  the  matter  to  General  John 
Gibson,  the  secretary  of  the  tei'ritory,  in  an  interesting  let- 
ter, now  before  the  author,  and  its  tone  clearly  shows  the 
nice  sense  of  honor  and  propriety  of  the  man. 

He  was  an  Episcopalian  in  religion,  a  man  of  high  char- 
acter, fine  business  qualifications,  and  was  long  the  presi- 
dent of  a  bank  in  Louisville.  H^e  was  the  first  register  of 
the  land  office  at  Jeffersonville,  and  held  it  until  he  was 
removed  by  General  Jackson  for  political  reasons.  He 
was  the  owner  of  slaves  in  Indiana  during  the  territorial 
period.  He  had  five  children,  Marie,  William,  Balor 
H.,  Rebecca  and  Mary  Eliza.  Rebecca  became  the  wife  of 
Henry  Tyler  and  mother  of  Henry  S.  Tyler,  at  present 
mayor  of  Louisville  (1895).  Samuel  Gwathmey  died  in 
1850,  in  the  seventy-second  year  of  his  age. 

John  Gwathmey,  the  other  son,  was  also  a  man  of  fine 

business  quali- 
fications and 
the  author  has 
in  his  posses- 
sion many  of 
his  letters,  some  of  them  of  historic  interest  in  relation  to 
early  events  about  the  falls,  and  especially  about  Jefferson- 
ville and  other  parts  of  Clark's  Grant. 

JOHN    CLARK, 

The  son  of  John   Clark   and  Ann  Rogers,  was  born   in 
Albemarle    county,   Virginia,    September    15,    1757,    and 


BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEOR(;E  ROGERS  CLARK.      999 


when  his  eldest  brother  vacated  his  position  of  deputy  clerk 
of  Dunmore  count}/,  in  1776,  John  was  given  the  place. 
He  was  then  quite  young,  but  had  already  been  assisting  his 
brother  in  the  ofBce  for  some  time  and  was  familiar  with 
the  duties. 

He  left  the  position,  however,  in  August,  1777,  when 
he  was  appointed  a  lieutenant  in  the  Fourth  Virginia  Regi- 
ment. The  next  month  after  Lieutenant  Clark  entered  the 
service  he  participated  in  the  battle  of  Brandywine,  and  in 
the  next  month  after  that  was  in  the  battle  of  Germantown, 
so  that  it  was  warm  work  for  him  from  the  beginning.  In  the 
latter  battle  the  division  of  the  arm}?  to  which  he  belonged 
broke  the  British  right  wing  and  captured  a  considerable 
number  of  prisoners,  but  subsequently  was  forced  to  re- 
treat; and,  being  surrounded,  a  portion  was  in  turn  cap- 
tured, including  Lieutenant  Clark,  Colonel  George  INIath- 
ews  and  other  \"irginians.  This  Colonel  Mathews  is  the 
same  person  mentioned  in  the  fac-simile  letter  of  Mr.  Jef- 
ferson given  in  Chapter  XI\^.  The  capture  proved  a  sad 
affair,  indeed,  to  Lieutenant  Clark,  as  he  was  kept  a  pris- 
oner a  long  time  and  subjected  to  such  neglect  and  harsh 
treatment  that  it  brought  on  a  disease  which  occasioned  his 
death.  He  was  held  as  a  prisoner  at  first  in  Philadelphia, 
then  in  possession  of  the  British,  and  for  a  time  was  kept 
in  what  was  called  the  "New  Jail.''  In  the  summer  of 
1778  he  was  reinoved  to  Long  Island  and  kept  there,  or  in 
the  neighborhood,  several  years,  and  finally  was  confined 
in  one  of  those  loathsome  prison-ships,  which,  to  the  dis- 
grace of  the  British  authorities,  caused  the  death  of  an  im- 
mense number  of  American  prisoners  by  barbarous  treat- 


lOOO      BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 


ment,  as  shown  in  Chapter  XIV.  Poor  Clark  was  one  of 
the  victims,  and,  although  he  did  not  die  in  the  prison,  yet 
when  he  was  at  last  exchanged  in  1782,  he  returned  to  his 
father's  home  in  Caroline  county,  Virginia,  a  physical 
wreck  from  consumption,  brought  on  by  the  treatment  he 
had  received  while  a  prisoner.  In  the  hope  of  averting  the 
terrible  disease  he  went  to  the  West  Indies,  but  it  was  in 
vain,  as  he  was  too  far  gone  for  anything  to  save  him.  He 
came  back  without  material  improvement,  and  his  relatives 
and  friends,  with  great  grief,  saw  him  gradually  waste 
awa}',  until  he  died  at  his  father's  house  in  1784,  in  the 
twenty-seventh  j-ear  of  his  age.  The  death,  under  such 
circuinstances,  of  this  bright  and  promising  young  man,  not 
only  occasioned  much  sorrow  in  the  community,  but  greatly 
added  to  the  indignation  felt  at  the  time  towards  the  British 
for  their  cruel  treatment  of  American  prisoners. 

RICHyVRD  CLARK 

joined  his  brother  George  Rogers  Clark  at  Kaskaskia  in 
March,  1779.  He  was  then  in  his  nineteenth  5'ear,  having 
been  born  in  Caroline  county,  Virginia,  in  1 760.  He  served 
for  a  short  time  as  a  volunteer  in  Captain  Robert  Todd's 
company  and  was  commissioned  a  lieutenant  in  June,  1779. 
He  was  one  of  the  party  that  marched  to  the  relief  of  Ca- 
hokia,  in  1780,  and  also  was  in  the  campaign  against  the 
Indians  about  Peoria.  He  was  stationed  for  some  time  at 
Fort  Jefferson,  but  went  to  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  in  the 
summer  of  1781,  and  the  next  year  was  with  his  brother 
in  the  campaign  against  the  Indians.  Lieutenant  Richard 
Clark  was  allotted  two  thousand  one  hundred  and  frfty-six 


BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CI.ARK.      lOOI 


acres  of  land  in  Clark's  Grant,  Indiana,  for  his  services  in  the 
Illinois  campaign,  being  Nos.  15,  18,  191,  274  and  part  160. 
Fie  lost  his  life  in  March,  1784,  probably  on  Indiana  soil. 
He  started  to  make  a  journey  on  horse-back  from  the  falls 
of  the  Ohio  to  Vincennes  or  possibly  Kaskaskia.  The 
strange  part  of  the  story  is  that  he  undertook  this  long  and 
dangerous  journey  alone.  There  is  but  little  wonder  that 
he  lost  his  life  in  the  effort.  The  particulars  are  not 
known,  but  the  probabilities  are  that  he  was  drowned  in 
trjdng  to  cross  some  stream.  His  horse,  saddle-bags  and 
some  other  things  were  found  on  the  bank  of  the  White 
river  which  is  pretty  clear  evidence  that  he  was  not  killed 
by  the  Indians  as  they  would  have  taken  the  horse. 
The  familv  long  entertained  the  hope  that  he  might  not  be 
dead,  and  the  mystery  and  uncertainty  added  greatly  to 
their  distress.  There  is  another  tradition  which  names  the 
Little  Wabash  as  the  river  where  his  horse  was  found,  but 
this  is  not  probable  as  it  is  not  likely  he  was  aiming  to  go 
further  than  Vincennes. 

CAPTAIN  EDMUND  CLARK, 


Who  is  buried  by  the  side  of   his  distinguished  brothers. 

General  George  Rogers  Clark  and  General  Jonathan  Clark, 

^-^  in   the    Cave  Hill 

^^ij^  — — "    '^ "^^  Louisville,  was 

^ — """■^''^  born   in  Virginia, 

September  25,  1762.  At  the  time  that  state  was  exerting 
ever\-  energy  to  raise  troops  for  the  relief  of  Charleston, 
Edmund   Clark,   then  under  eighteen  years  of  age  and  at 


I002      BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 

school,  was  appointed  a  lieutenant  in  the  Eighth  Virginia 
Regiment  of  the  continental  army.  This  was  the  celebrated 
German  regiment  raised  by  Colonel  Aluhlenberg,  and  after 
his  promotion  to  be  a  general  it  was  commanded  by  Colonel 
^Vbraham  Bowman,  a  brother  of  Joseph  and  Isaac  Bowman, 
who  were  prominent  officers  in  George  Rogers  Clark's 
Illinois  campaign.  The  Eighth  Virginia  was  distinguished 
in  the  war,  but  the  extent  of  young  Edmund  Clark's  partici- 
pation is  not  clearly  known.  It  is  said  that  he  was  held  a 
prisoner  by  the  British  for  a  time,  and  that  he  was  not  ex- 
changed until  the  close  of  1782.  When  the  war  was  over 
he  returned  to  Caroline,  his  native  county  in  Virginia,  and 
engaged  in  business  for  several  years.  He  was  tendered  a 
commission  as  captain  in  January,  1799,  by  President 
Adams,  at  the  time  some  trouble  was  expected  with  France 
and  served  for  some  time,  but  it  was  found  not  to  be  as 
serious  as  was  anticipated,  and  the  troops  were  disbanded. 
He  emigrated  to  Jefferson  county,  Kentucky,  soon  after 
this,  where  he  remained  with  his  many  relatives  already 
there,  until  his  death,  on  the  nth  of  March,  1815.  Like  his 
brother  George,  he  never  married. 

The  inventory  of  the  personal  property  of  Captain  Ed- 
mund Clark  was  filed  May  8,  1815,  in  Jefferson  county, 
Kentuckv,  by  D.  Fitzhugh,  administrator  of  his  estate, 
and  was  appraised  at  a  total  of  $2,641.25.  Book  2,  pp. 
136,  137- 

LUCY  CLARK  CROGHAN. 

Lucy  Clark,  whose  portrait  will  be  found  in  the  frontis- 
piece to  this  chapter,  was  the  second  daughter  of  John  and 
Ann  Rogers  Clark,  and  was  born  in  Caroline  county,  Vir- 


r.ROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CEARK.       I003 

ginia,  September  15,  1767.  She  was  the  Mife  of  WiUiam 
Croghan,  who  came  to  America  from  Ireland  when  quite 
j-oung.  He  was  the  nephew  of  the  celebrated  George 
Croghan,  who  was  long  in  the  emplo}-  of  the  British  as  In- 
dian agent  under  Sir  William  Johnson.  Unlike  his  uncle, 
William  Croghan  took  sides  with  the  Americans  and  joined, 
with  a  company,  the  army  of  Washington,  in  the  region 
of  Pittsburgh.  lie  was  assigned  to  Colonel  Weedon's 
Virginia  regiment,  shortl}'  after  the  battle  of  Long  Island, 
and  continued  in  active  service  for  years. 

He  was  promoted  to  be  a  major  in  1778,  and  was  as- 
signed to  Colonel  John  Neville's  Fourth  Virginia  Regiment 
and  participated  in  the  battle  of  INIonmouth.  lie  marched 
with  the  Virginia  troops  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
where  the  whole  American  arm}'  at  that  place  was  com- 
pelled to  surrender  to  the  enemy.  In  1781  he  was  paroled 
and  returned  to  Virginia,  in  company  with  his  friend.  Col- 
onel Jonathan  Clark,  and  for  a  time  was  the  guest  of 
Colonel  Clark's  father  at  the  family  residence,  in  Caroline 
county.  The  transition  from  the  exposures  and  hardships 
of  army  and  prison  life  to  the  comforts  and  enjoyments  of 
this  hospitable  Virginia  home  was  doubtless  most  enjoyable, 
and  all  the  more  so,  as  he  was  brought  into  agreeable 
female  society  from  which  he  had  been  long  deprived.  One 
of  these  young  ladies  was  Miss  Lucy  Clark,  the  young 
and  attractive  daughter  of  the  host,  and  it  is  not  at  all  sur- 
prising that  an  attachment  sprung  up  between  them,  which 
ended  in  their  marriage  a  few  years  later.  John  Clark,  her 
64 


I004     BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 


father,  removed  with  his  family  to  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  in 
1 784,  and  as  ]Miss  Lucy  was  there,  ^lajor  Croghan  came  also 
in  due  season,  and  they  were  married  soon  after,  and  finally 
settled  at  Locust  Grove,  a  few  miles  above  Louisville, 
where  they  continued  to  reside  the  rest  of  their  lives.  He 
died  in  September,  1822,  in  the  seventieth  year  of  his 
age,  and  she  in  April,  1838,  in  her  sevent3'-first  year.  * 
General  George  Rogers  Clark  died  at  their  house  where  he 
had  lived  many  years.  Major  Croghan  witnessed  the  sur- 
render of  Cornwallis  at  Yorktown,  but  took  no  part,  as  he 
was  under  parole.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Jefferson  count}' 
to  the  Kentucky  conventions  in  1789  and  1790,  and  he  was 
one  of  the  commissioners  to  divide  the  land  in  Clark's 
Grant. 

The  children  of  Lucy  Clark  and  William  Croghan,  her 
husband,  were  six  sons  and  two  daughters,  named  as  fol- 
lows: John,  George,  Charles,  Nicholas,  William,  Ed- 
mund, Ann  and  Eliza. 

Charles  and  Nicholas  were  twins. 

Eliza  married  George  Hancock,  and  Ann  married  Gen- 
eral Thomas  Jessup,  adjutant-general  U.  S.  A. 

John  was  a  prominent  physician  and  long  resided  at  the 
old  famil}^  homestead  where  he  was  noted  for  hospitality 
and  his  care  of  historical  family  papers. 

*January  12,  1S30,  Lucy  Croghan,  sister  of  George  Rogers  Clark,  made  a 
will  devising  to  her  daughter  Serina  E.  Croghan  and  her  granddaughter  An- 
gelick  Croghan  the  "land  the  south  of  Tennessee"  which  had  belonged  to  her 
brother  George  Rogers  Clark,  also  fee-simple  of  certain  property  in  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  to  her  grandchildren,  George  and  John  Croghan.  Will  probated 
June  I,  1840.    (Records  of  Jefferson  county,  Kentucky'.) 


BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 


1005 


Georc^e  married  Miss  Livino^ston  and  greatly  distin- 
guished himself  as 
a  soldier  at  Tippe- 
canoe in  iSii,  in 
the  War  of  181 2, 
and  in  the  Mexican 
War.  He  was  a 
major  at  the  time 
of  his  successful  de- 
fense of  Fort  Steph- 
enson at  Lower 
Sandusky,  in  the 
War  of  1 81 2,  and 
won  great  fame  for 
his  gallantry  on 
that  occasion.  He 
was  then  barely 

twenty-one  years  of  age.    Congress  presented  him  a  medal, 

a  picture  of  which  is  given  here. 

General  William  Henry  Harrison,  in  his  official  report 


GEORGE   CROGHAN. 


IOo6     BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 

of  this  affair  says:  "It  will  not  be  among  the  least  of  Gen- 
eral Proctor's  mortifications  that  he  has  been  baffled  by  a 
3^outh  who  has  just  passed  his  twenty-first  year.  He  is, 
however,  a  hero  worthy  of  his  gallant  uncle.  General 
George  R.  Clark." 

"The  brevet  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  was  immediately 
conferred  on  Major  Croghan  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States  for  his  gallant  conduct,  and  the  ladies  of  Chillicothe 
presented  him  an  elegant  sword,  accompanied  by  a  suitable 
address."  * 

A  fine  monument  has  been  erected  on  the  site  of  Foi^t 
Stephenson  at  Fremont,  Ohio,  in  honor  of  Major  Cro- 
ghan's  gallantry  in  holding  the  fort.  A  picture  of  it  will 
be  found  on  the  next  page. 

ELIZABETH  CLARK  ANDERSON. 

Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Clark  and  Ann  Rogers  Clark, 
was  born  in  Caroline  county,  Virginia,  February  ii,  1768. 
She  married  Richard  Clough  Anderson,  also  a  native  of 
Virginia,  about  the  3-ear  1787.  He  entered  the  Revolu- 
tionary army,  the  head  of  a  company,  at  the  beginning  of 
the  war,  and  served  in  Colonel  Parker's  regiment,  during 
the  winter  campaigns  of  1776-7,  in  New  Jersc}',  being  at 
Trenton  and  Princeton.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Brandywine  and  Germantown  in  1777,  and  the  next  year 
was  commissioned  a  major.  He  was  also  in  the  battle  of 
Moninouth.  Hisregiment  went  south  in  the  summer  of  1779 
and  he  was  wounded  in  the  assault  made  on  Savannah 
from  which  he  never  entirely  recovered.    Parker,  the  colonel 

'McAfee  History  of  the  War  of  1812. 


MONUMENT  TO  MAJOR  GEORGE  CROGHAN, 
Fremont,  Ohio. 


IOo8    BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 


of  the  regiment,  was  killed  at  the  siege  of  Chai'leston. 
Samuel  Hopkins  succeeded  him  as  colonel,  and  Major 
Anderson  was  promoted  to  be  lieutenant-colonel.  This  is 
the  same  Samuel  Hopkins  who  subsequently  conducted  two 
expeditions  against  the  Indians  noi"thwest  of  the  Ohio  river. 
Colonel  Anderson  was  taken  prisoner  at  Charleston,  but 
finally  succeeded  in  securing  an  exchange  and  served  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  appointed  principal  surveyor 
of  the  lands  granted  by  the  state  of  Virginia  to  the  soldiers 
of  the  continental  line  by  the  act  of  December,  1783.  He 
opened  his  headquarters  at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  in  July, 
1784,  and  was  a  representative  from  Jefferson  county  to 
the  conventions  at  Danville  in  1784  and  1788. 

Colonel  Anderson  was  twice  maiTied.  His  first  wife, 
Elizabeth  Clark,  died  in  1795,  having  been  the  mother 
of  four  children;  a  son,  named  after  his  father,  and  three 
daughters,  Ann,  Cecelia  and  Elizabeth. 

The  second  wife  was  Sarah  Marshall,  also  of  the  Clark 
famity,*  and  they  had  seven  sons  and  five  daughters,  viz.: 
Fanny,  Larz,  Robert,  William,  Mary,  Louisa,  John  R., 
LIugh,  Charles,  Lucelia,  Matthew,  and  Sarah.  Colonel 
Anderson  diedOctober  16, 1826,  at  Soldiers'  Retreat,  Jeffer- 
son county,  Kentucky.  Richard  Clough  Anderson,  Junior, 
the  son   of    the    first 


rnin    Jy^^^^^^^t.-z.^  C^^-^,<>^^^V^ 


marriage,  was  borr  —        '^^ '  ^^^^  ^  / .  .^c^ac^^^^'^ 

1788,  and  was  a  member  of  congress  from  Kentucky  from 
18 1 7  to  182 1.  After  that  he  represented  the  United  States 
as  minister  to  Colombia,  in  which  country  he  lost  his  wife, 

*A  descendant  of  the  daughter  of  Jonathan  Clark,  Senior,  who  married  Tor- 
quil  >[cLeod. 


BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OP  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK.     IOO9 


who  was  his  cousin  EHzabeth,  daughter  of  Owen  and  Ann 
Clark  Gwathmey,  and  it  is  notable  that  Elizabeth,  his  sister, 
married  his  wife's  brother,  Isaac  R.  Gwathmey.  The  next 
3ear  after  his  wife's  death,  which  was  in  182c;,  he  died 
of  3'ellow  fever,  on  his  way  to  Panama,  as  a  representative 
of  the  United  States  to  a  congress  of  American  nations. 
He  is  represented  as  a  gentleman  of  fine  abilit}'  and  un- 
blemished character.  Of  the  children  of  the  second  mar- 
riage Colonel  Robert  Anderson  was  the  renowned  hero  of 
Fort  Sumter  in  the  Civil  War,  whose  history'  is  so  gener- 
all}-  known  that  it  need  not  be  repeated  here,  and  Larz  and 
Charles  were  prominent  citizens  and  politicians  in  Ohio,  the 


<3>--~Sl  PI-  TV,  ^y^  /  ^ 


latter  being  lieutenant-governor  of  that  state  in  1864  and 
subsequently  governor  by  reason  of  the  death  of  Governor 
Brough.*  In  fact  they  were  all  people  of  high  standing, 
as  were  also  the  children  of  the  first  marriage. 

FRANCES  ELEANOR  CLARK 

Was  the  youngest  sister  of  General  George  Rogers  Clark, 
and  all  the  traditions  unite  in  declaring  her  to  have  been 
beautiful  and  accomplished.  An  interesting  romance  in 
relation  to  her  marriages  and  life  is  told  as  part  of  these 

*Governor  Charles  Anderson  here  referred  to  subsequently  removed  to  Ken- 
tucky and  died  at  his  residence  there  a  short  time  before  the  publication  of  tliis 
volume,  and  a  letter  written  by  him  to  the  author  in  relation  to  this  slLetch,  his 
daughter  Katherine  states,  was  the  last  he  ever  wrote. 


lOIO       ];R0THERS  AXD  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 


traditions,  but  will  not  be  related  here  as  it  does  not  fall 
within  the  line  of  this  work.  She  was  born  in  Caroline 
count}-,  Virginia,  January'  20,  1773,  was  married  three 
times,  and  had  two  children  by  each  marriage.  Her  irrst 
husband  was  Doctor  James  O'Fallon,  a  finely  educated 
Irishman,  who  came  to  America  shortly  before  the  Revo- 
lutionar}'  War  and  soon  became  an  active  participant  on 
the  side  of  the  colonies.  He  was  an  officer  during  the  war, 
at  one  tiine  in  command  of  a  company,  but  was  emploj'ed 
inost  of  the  time  as  one  of  the  directors  of  the  hospital  de- 
partment. 

The  two  children  of  Frances  Eleanor  Clark  and  Doctor 
O'Fallon  were  sons  named  John  and  Benjamin.  Before 
John  was  twenty  j-ears  old  he  was  in  military  service  under 
General  William  Henry  Harrison  and  was  wounded  in  the 
Tippecanoe  battle.  He  also  served  with  distinction  in  the 
war  of  181 2. 

The  second  husband  of  Frances  Eleanor  Clark  was 
Charles  Mynn  Thruston,  of  the  distinguished  family  of  that 
name  mentioned  in  a  previous  chapter.  From  this  marriage 
resulted  two  children,  Charles  William,  and  Ann  Clark, 
and  from  these  have  sprung  a  long  line  of  descendants,  many 
of  them  of  pi^ominence.  Upon  the  death  of  Charles  Mynn 
Thruston  the  widow  married  her  cousin  Dennis  Fitzhugh, 
of  the  well  known  Virginia  family  of  that  name,  and  from 
this  marriage  there  was  a  son  and  daughter  named  Clark 
and  Lucy.  Surviving  all  her  husbands,  this  youngest  sister 
of  George  Rogers  Clark  died  in  St.  Louis,  in  June,  1825, 
at  the  house  of  her  son,  Colonel  John  O'Fallon. 


l!ROTIIERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CI^ARK.        lOI  I 


A  remarkable  number  of  persons,  bearing  the  names  of 
prominent  families,  can  be  mentioned  among  the  descend- 
ants of  this  estimable  lady,  such  as  the  O'Fallons,  Thrustons, 
Fitzhughs,  Churchills,  Ballards,  Farrars,  Popes,  Kennetts, 
Polks,  Hargraves,  Burns,  Potters,  Belchers,  liousers, 
Keeses  and  Peppers,  as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the 
genealogical  list  in  the  appendix. 

GOVERNOR  WILLIAM  CLARK. 

William  Clark,  the  j'oungest  brother  of  George  Rogers 
Clark,  was  born  in  Caroline  county,  Virginia,  August  i , 
1770.  Pie  came  west  with  his  father  and  mother  in  1784, 
and  joined  his  brother  and  other  relatives  at  the  falls  of  the 
Ohio.  Plis  home  was  in  this  vicinity  until  his  departure 
on  the  celebrated  exploring  expedition,  led  by  him  and 
Meriwether  Lewis,  across  the  country  to  the  Pacific  ocean 
in  1804-5,  under  the  auspices  of  President  Jefferson.  The 
distinguished  military  history  of  his  family  naturally  drew 
his  attention  to  military  matters  from  his  early  boyhood, 
and  when  he  was  only  nineteen  years  old  he  marched 
against  the  Indians  northwest  of  the  Ohio  river  in  an  ex- 
pedition led  by  Colonel  John  Hardin.  In  1790  he  was 
sent  on  a  mission  to  the  Ci^eek  and  Cherokee  Indians, 
and  in  1791  he  served  as  an  ensign  and  acting  lieutenant 
with  the  expeditions  under  Generals  Scott  and  Wilkinson 
agrainst  the  Indians  on  the  Wabash.  General  Washington 
commissioned  him  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  fourth  sub.  legion 
under  General  Wayne  in  March,  1793. 

He  entered  active  service  at  once,  aiding  in  constructing 
forts  on  the  line  proposed  to  be  followed  into  the  Indian 


IOI2       BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 


count!-}-,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year  he  -was  dis- 
patched on  an  expedition  up  the  Wabash  to  Vincennes, 
\^'hich  lasted  several  months,  his  boat  being  blocked  by  ice 
at  one  tiine  for  a  period  of  twenty  days. 

He  returned  to  Fort  Washington,  -where  Cincinnati  is 
no-w  situated,  in  the  spring  of  1794,  having  had  several 
skirmishes  -with  the  Indians.  He  was  next  assigned  the 
duty  of  escorting  a  large  quantity  of  clothing  and  pro- 
visions to  Fort  Greenville.  It  required  seven  hundred 
pack-horses  to  carry  the  goods,  and  Lieutenant  Clark  had 
eighty  men  under  his  command  on  the  journey.  While 
on  the  way  the  advance  guard  of  the  part}^  was  attacked 
by  Indians  and  five  of  the  whites  killed.  Lieutenant  Clark, 
■v\-ho  was  with  the  main  body  of  the  troops,  advanced  rap- 
idly upon  the  Indians,  when  they  retreated  with  some  loss. 
He  was  thanked  for  his  good  conduct  by  General  Wayne. 

He  distinguished  himself  at  the  successful  action  of  Au- 
gust 20,  1794,  when  in  command  of  a  company  of  rifle- 
men he  drove  a  portion  of  the  enemy  on  the  left  several 
miles,    killing  a  number  of  Indians   and   Canadians.      In 

1795  he  was  dispatched 

')J^j yT^^^'i/''^^    °"  ^  military  mission  to 

'  New  Madrid,  on  the 

Mississippi  river.     He  resigned  his  commission  in  1796,  and 
for  a  time  retired  from  the  army,  because  of  bad  health. 

For  the  next  seven  or  eight  years  he  was  most  of  the 
time  about  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  either  with  his  parents 
and  relatives  on  the  Kentucky  side,  or  with  his  brother, 
General  George  Rogers  Clark,  at  Clarksville,  on  the  Indiana 
side.      It  is  stated  in  Dr.  Cone's  valuable  edition  of  the  his- 


GOVERNOR  WILLIAM  CLARK, 

Of  Lewis  &  Olahk's  Expedition  to  the  Pacific, 

Youngest  brother  of  Gen.  George  Rogers  Clark. 


liROTHEKS  ANO  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK.     IOI5 


toi-y  of  Lewis  and  Clark's  expedition  thiat  a  commission  was 
issued  to  him,  January  8,  1790,  by  Arthur  St.  Clair,  "gov- 
ernor of  the  territory  of  the  United  States  northwest  of  the 
river  Ohio,"  as  ''a  captain  of  militia  in  the  town  and  vicin- 
ity of  Clarksville."  If  this  was  the  William  Clark  now 
being  considered,  he  was  evidently  residing  in  Indiana  at 
that  time,  and  this  commission  is  in  possession  of  his  de- 
scendants. 

But  there  were  three  William  Clarks  connected  with  In- 
diana history  in  the  pioneer  period,  and  this  has  been  the 
cause  of  confusion  and  historical  mistakes.  William  Clark, 
the  subject  of  the  present  sketch,  long  survived  the  oth- 
ers, and  from  that  cause,  as  well  as  the  prominence  he 
subsequently  attained,  matters  pertaining  to  the  other  two 
have,  more  or  less,  been  attributed  to  him.  In  other  words, 
he  has  to  some  extent  absorbed  the  others,  and  some  have 
spoken  of  him  as  the  surveyor-in-chief  of  Clark's  Grant, 
and  some  as  being  the  William  Clark  who  was  made  judge 
of  Indiana  territory  in  1801. 

Even  so  high  an  authority  as  "Appleton's  Encyclopedia 
of  American  Biography,"  a  work  of  great  value  and  gen- 
eral accuracy,  states,  on  page  631  of  volume  i,  under  the 
head  of  "William  Clark,  Jurist,"  that  "President  Adams 
appointed  him  in  1800  chief-justice  of  the  territory  of  Indi- 
ana, and  he  was  afterward  commissioned  as  the  second 
governor  of  the  territory  of  Missouri."  Governor  William 
Clark,  of  Missouri,  died  and  was  buried  at  St.  Louis,  Sep- 
tember I,  1838,  and  William  Clark,  the  judge  of  Indiana 
territory,  never  was  governor  of  Missouri  territor3%  and 
died  and  was  buried  at  Vincennes,  November  12,  1802,  as 


lOIO       BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 

M'ill  be  seen  from  tlie  fac-simile  of  the  entr^'  of  his  death 
in  the  records  of  St.  Xavier's  Church,  which  is  reproduced 
on  next  page. 

A  further  sketch  of  Judge  WilHam  Clark  will  be  given 
in  a  subsequent  volume. 

William  Clark,  the  surveyor-in-chief  of  Clark's  Grant, 
and  one  of  the  trustees  of  Clarksville,  who  spent  much  of  his 
time  at  that  place,  a  sketch  of  whom  has  already  been  given, 
was  not  the  William  Clark  who  was  governor  of  Missouri 
territory,  but  his  cousin. 

W^illiam  Clark,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  joined  Captain 
Meriwether  Lewis  in  conducting  an  expedition  through 
the  unexplored  wilderness  to  the  Pacific  ocean  in  1803,  as 
already  stated.* 

Captain  Lewis  had  been  the  private  secretary  of  Presi- 
dent Jefferson,  and  the  expedition  was  undertaken  at  his 
request.  The  winter  of  1803  was  spent  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Missouri  river,  and  the  party  set  out  on  the  journey, 
from  that  point,  earl}'  in  the  spring  of  1804,  numbering 
forty-three  men.  The  long  journey  through  to  the  Pacific 
and  return  was  of  great  importance  to  the  country,  and 
thrillingly  interesting.  It  is  too  well  known,  however,  to 
be  dwelt  upon  here.      Some  time  after  his  return  in  Sep- 

*The  perfect  confidence  President  Jefferson  had  in  the  heads  of  this  expedi- 
tion is  sliown  in  a  remarkable  letter  of  credit  which  he  issued,  ti  fac-simile  of 
which  is  at  this  writing  before  the  author,  and  not  reproduced  here  because  of  lack 
of  space.  In  it  he  sa_vs:  "I  hereby  authorize  you  to  draw  on  the  secretaries  of 
state,  of  the  treasury,  of  war,  and  of  the  navy  of  the  United  States,  according 
as  vou  may  find  your  draughts  will  be  most  negotiable,  for  the  purpose  of  ob- 
taining money  or  necessaries  for  yourself  or  3'our  men;  and  I  solemnly  pledge 
the  faith  of  the  United  States  that  these  draughts  shall  be  paid  punctuall3'  at  the 
date  they  are  made  payable.''  It  will  be  observed  that  there  was  a  striking  evi- 
dence of  trust  in  those  given  charge  of  the  undertaking. 


o 


^ 


i"^ 


o 
2 

1 


r, 
0 

Y 


3" 


X 


5^ 


lOlS       BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 


tember,  1806,  he  visited  Washington  and,  no  doubt,  the 
place  of  his  former  residence  in  Virginia  at  the  same  time. 
At  or  near  Fincastle,  in  that  state,  on  the  5tli  of  January, 
1S08,  he  married  Miss  JuHa  Hancock,  who  died  June  27, 
1820;  and  on  the  28th  of  November,  1821,  he  married  INIrs. 
Harriet  Kennerly  Radford,  who  died  December  25,  1831. 

Some  time  after  his  return  from  the  Pacific,  Captain 
Clark  was  appointed  to  the  then  important  position  of  In- 
dian agent  at  St.  Louis,  a  place  for  which  he  possessed 
superior  qualifications  by  reason  of  his  acquaintance  with 
the  western  Indian  tribes,  and  intimate  knowledge  of  the 
Indian  character.  He  was  later  also  made  a  brigadier-gen- 
eral of  that  territor}',  and  in  181 3  was  made  its  governor. 

In  the  War  of  18 12  he  was  offered  a  commission  as 
brigadier-general  in  the  regular  army,  but  did  not  ac- 
cept it,  believing  that  he  could  be  of  more  advantage  in 
his  position  of  governor  and  Indian  agent  in  influencing  the 
Indian  tribes  to  neutrality,  and  there  is  no  doubt  but  his 
services  in  this  direction  were  highly  beneficial. 

He  was  appointed  superintendent  of  Indian  affairs  by 
President  Monroe  in  1822,  and  secured  many  important 
treaties  with  western  Indian  tribes. 

S.      (  Translation  of  fac-simile  which  appears  on  preceding  page.) 

William  Clark. 

In  the  year  1802,  on  the  12th  of  November,  the  body  of  William  Claris,  one 
of  the  judges  of  the  supreme  court  of  tlie  territory  of  Indiana,  was  interred  in 
the  cemeter^'  of  this  church.  He  died  the  day  before,  and  although  having  re- 
ligious convictions,  the  last  progress  of  his  sickness  was  so  rapid  that  time  was 
not  left  him  to  receive  the  Christian  sacraments.  An  enlightened  judge,  firm, 
and  incorruptible,  he  has  taken  with  him  the  just  regrets  of  all  good  people. 
Vincennes,  12th  November,  1802.  T.  Sr.  Rivf.te, 

Mission. 


BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK.        IOI9 


Governor  William  Clark  died  in  St.  Louis,  September  i, 
1838,  in  the  sixt^'-ninth  j^ear  of  his  age,  universally  esteemed 
b}'  all  who  knew  him.  The  highest 
respect  was  paid  to  his  memory.  lie 
was  buried  with  distinguished  honors 
at  a  beautiful  place  he  had  himself  se- 
lected near  St.  Louis,  being  the  family 
cemetery  on  the  plantation  of  his  kins- 
man, General  John  O'Fallon. 

The  onl}'  child  now  living  (1895), 
of   an}'  of   the    brothers    or  sisters  of 

JEFFERSON  K,  CLARK.         ,^  ,     ,^  ,-.  r^T         i        •       /^ 

General  Ueorge  Rogers  Clark,  is  Cov- 
ernor  Clark's  son  Jefferson  K.  Clark,  of  St.  Louis,  whose 
portrait  is  here  given  and  who  has  freely  contributed  to  the 
material  used  in  this  work. 


-J     1- 


■,0^i»'^ 


pv%%A^«  _ 


65 


APPENDIX 

To  VOL.  11. 


CLARK'S  STATUE, 
In  ;\InN'r5iENT  Pr.ACE,  Indiaxm'olis. 


ORIGIN    OF   GENERAL    CLARK'S    STATUE  AT 
INDIANAPOLIS. 

(Indianapolis  Journal,  Sunday,  March  3,  1895.) 

FOUR  WAR  STATUES— IDEA    FIRST  BROACHED  BY  WILLIAM 
H.  ENGLISH— HE   NAMED   ALL  BUT  THE    ONE    TO    REP- 
RESENT THE   MEXICAN    WAR  PERIOD   IN 
AN    ADDRESS  IN  1892. 

As  the  statue  of  George  Rogers  Clark  recently  erected  in  Monu- 
ment Place  is  attracting  a  good  deal  of  attention,  and  is  generally 
spoken  of  with  commendation,  it  may  be  of  intei^est  to  give  some  ac- 
count of  its  origin.  The  first  formal  movement  in  favor  of  the  con- 
struction of  the  statue  of  Clark  and  other  representative  men  of  the 
principal  Avar  periods  on  Monument  Place  was  made  bv  Hon.  William 
H.  English  in  an  address  before  the  Indiana  Society  of  the  Sons  of 
the  American  Revolution,  February  25,  1893,  being  the  anniversary 
of  Clark's  capture  of  Vincennes  from  the  British  in  i779-  This  was 
evidently  a  carefully  prepared  address,  full  of  historical  reminiscence, 
and  an  earnest  appeal  for  the  construction  of  these  statues.  Mr. 
English  began  the  address  with  some  general  remarks  upon  the  sol- 
diers' monument,  which  are  worth  reproducing.      He  said: 

"The  object  of  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion is  not  alone  to  cherish  the  memories  of  honored  ancestors  who 
periled  their  lives  for  the  independence  and  union  of  these  states,  but 
it  extends,  alike,  to  all  who  have  fought  in  its  defense  or  for  its  pres- 
ervation. Its  purpose  is  to  foster  a  love  of  our  country,  and  respect 
and  admiration  for  the  men,  of  all  wars,  who  have  stood  in  its  defense 
in  times  of  danger.  It  u-as  in  this  broad,  patriotic  spirit,  no  doubt, 
that  Indiana  was  inspired  to  cause  to  be  erected,  in  the  center  of  her 

(1023) 


I024       ORIGIN  OF  GEN.   CLARK  S  STATUE  AT  INDIANAPOLIS. 


capital  city,  a  great  monument  that  should  stand  for  ages  as  a  testi- 
monial in  honor  of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  connected  with  her  his- 
tory. 

"It  was  an  undertaking  worthy  of  any  people,  and  especially  no- 
ticeable and  commendable  in  a  young  community,  organized  as  a  ter- 
ritory only  ninety-two  years  ago,  and  existing  as  a  state  but  a  few 
months  over  seventy-five  years.  It  was  the  dawning  of  a  new  era 
with  a  people  but  recently  emerged  from  the  hardships  and  privations 
of  pioneer  life.  It  was  a  bold,  forward  movement  into  the  light  of 
the  grand  and  beautiful,  of  the  most  cultured  and  advanced  civiliza- 
tion of  the  world.  It  was  all  the  more  encouraging  because  it  was  an 
indication  of  an  awakening  of  state  pride,  where,  before,  it  is  to  be 
feared,  there  was  a  sad  deficiency.  If  this  monument  is  completed, 
in  the  style  it  should  be,  with  grounds,  streets  and  approaches  im- 
proved to  harmonize  with  it,  as  they  should  be,  we  shall  have  here  a 
great  Indiana  work  of  art,  as  an  exponent  of  her  military  history, 
which  may  truly  be  regarded  as  a  thing  of  beauty  and  a  joy  forever. 
It  will  go  down  the  ages,  growing  in  favor  as  the  irresistible  years 
sweep  by  and  all  who  are  now  living  have  returned  to  dust.  It  will 
not  only  tend  to  inspire  the  present  and  future  generations  of  Indiani- 
ans  with  patriotism  and  state  pride,  but  it  will  in  time  be  visited  and 
admired  by  a  multitude  of  strangers,  thus  causing  the  state  to  be  more 
favorably  and  generally  known  in  other  countries. 

"But  the  monument  is  not  yet  completed.  In  fact,  a  great  deal 
remains  to  be  done  to  make  it  what  it  should  be.  The  stone  shaft 
alone  is  nearing  completion.  It  is  grand  and  beautiful,  and,  I  pre- 
sume, faultless  in  construction.  But,  grand  and  beautiful  as  it  is,  it 
would  not  alone  make  a  distinctive  Indiana  monument  such  as  it 
should  be.  It  would  answer  just  as  well  for  a  Maine  or  a  California 
monument  if  set  down  in  either  of  those  states.  For  that  matter  it 
would  do  just  as  well  for  a  foreign  country,  if  placed  there.  The 
important  thing,  then,  to  consider  is  the  work  ^vhich  yet  remains  to 
be  done.  We  must  look  to  the  bronze  groups,  the  statuary  and  other 
ornamentations,  yet  to  be  added,  for  any  local  identity  or  special  illus- 


I025 

tration  of  Indiana  military  history.  It  is  here  we  shall  find  deficiencies 
or  the  crowning  glory  of  this  great  \vork.  And,  oh,  what  a  sad  mis- 
fortune it  would  be  to  have  mistakes  made  at  this  vital  point! 

"Let  us  examine  what  the  commissioners  are  proposing  to  do  in 
this  regard,  and  what  they  outline  the  monument  is  to  be  when  com- 
pleted." 

Mr.  English  then  proceeded  to  describe  the  ornamentation  of  the 
monument  and  grounds  as  then  determined  upon,  and  what  would  be 
the  effect  if  there  were  no  changes  and  additions  to  the  plans  as  the)- 
then  stood.      He  continued: 

"The  commissioners  are  to  be  commended  for  saying,  as  they  have, 
in  one  place,  that  they  want  this  to  be  an  American  monument.  It 
should  be  more.  It  should  be  an  Indiana  monument,  commemorating 
the  great  military  events  connected  with  her  history.  If  it  does  not 
do  this,  a  fearful  mistake  will  have  been  made.  It  will  not  do  it  if 
nothing  else  is  done  but  to  finish  it  as  it  is  now  planned.  Nothing  of 
that  kind  will  be  specially  commemorated  but  the  ^Mexican  and  Civil 
Wars.  I  submit  to  you  that  it  would  be  unjust  and  a  grave  mistake 
to  send  Indiana  down  to  posterity,  so  far  as  her  great  military  monu- 
ment can  do  it,  as  having  no  military  historv  worth  remembering, 
except  as  connected  with  the  Mexican  and  Civil  Wars.  Indiana  is  not 
barren  of  great  military  events  before  that  period,  and  of  at  least  two 
her  people  are  justly  proud.  It  is  not  at  all  likely  they  expected  these 
events  would  be  ignored  in  the  construction  of  this  monument — that 
it  would  commemorate  no  event  prior  to  1846.  They  did  not  expect 
it  would  cover  a  few  years  only,  or  from  the  state  organization  only, 
but  from  the  beginning  of  Indiana  history,  just  as  any  historian  would 
have  to  do  to  give  a  satisfactory  account.  They  remember  that  in 
the  darkest  period  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant and  far-reaching  events  of  that  war  took  place  within  the 
present  boundaries  of  Indiana. 

"It  was  then  a  part  of  the  British  dominions,  but  by  the  brave  and 
adroit  management  of  George  Rogers  Clark  and  his  little  army,  it  was 
taken  from  them  by  the  capture  of  Fort  Sackville,  at  Vincennes.   The 


1026       ORIGIN  OF  Gi:X.   CLARK's  STATUE  AT  IXDIANAPOLIS. 


formal  s^urrender  took  place  February  2^,  lyjc) — one  hundred  and 
thirteen  years  ago  this  day.  The  British  flag  was  taken  down  the 
night  of  the  24th,  and  at  10  o'clock  the  next  morning  the  American 
flag  was  run  up.  Never,  from  that  glorious  hour,  thank  God!  has 
that  flag  been  lowered  to  an  enemy  on  Indiana  soil. 

"Can  it  be  possible  that  such  an  event  as  this  is  to  be  entirely  ig- 
nored in  the  construction  of  a  monument  intended  to  honor  and  per- 
petuate Indiana  militar}' histor\' .?  Why,  the  very  ground  on  which 
this  monument  stands  was  acquired  by  reason  of  that  great  event  The 
land  given  Clark  and  his  brave  soldiers  as  some  recompense  for  their 
great  services  is  Indiana  land,  situated  in  Clark,  Floyd  and  Scott 
counties,  and  Clark  himself  ^vas  long  a  citizen  of  Indiana,  residing  in 
Clarksville,  Clark  county,  as  I  have  positive  evidence  to  show.  He 
built  a  house  and  erected  mills  there,  and  was  an  active  participant 
in  county  affairs.  I  have  the  original  poll-book  of  an  election  held 
in  that  county  in  the  first  decade  of  Indiana  territory,  when  the  vot- 
ing was  done  by  word  of  mouth.  The  election  referred  to  was  one 
which  had  an  important  bearing  in  shaping  Indiana  affairs,  and  the 
poll-book,  of  course,  shows  how  Clark  voted.  I  shall  not  produce  it 
now  or  explain  further  here,  but  hope  to  give  to  the  public  before  the 
close  of  the  present  year,  not  onl}'  that,  but  much  other  original  mat- 
ter relating  to  Clark  and  his  great  campaign  which  has  never  yet  been 
pulilished. 

"My  only  object  now  is  to  point  out  that  Clark,  at  one  time,  was  a 
citizen  of  Indiana.  That  his  great  campaign  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant and  well-known  military  events  in  her  history,  and  should  not 
he  entirely  ignored  in  the  construction  of  this  monument.  That  it 
was  a  campaign  of  vast  importance  is  not  iny  judgment  alone.  So 
far  as  I  know  it  is  the  judgment  of  all  who  have  written  upon  the  sub- 
ject. As  the  wonderful  development  of  the  great  north-west,  which 
he  enabled  this  country  to  acquire,  becomes  more  manifest,  it  will  be 
still  more  appreciated.  John  B.  Dillon,  the  father  of  Indiana  history, 
savs  of  Clark's  campaign  that  'with  respect  to  the  magnitude  of  its 
design,  the  valor  and  perseverance  with  which  it  was  carried  on,  and 


OKiGiv  OK  {;en.  cr.ARK  s  statue  at  indianai'Olis.      1027 


the  momentous  results  which  were  produced  liv  it,  the  expedition 
stands  without  a  parallel  in  the  early  annals  of   the  Mississippi.'* 

"But  I  pass  on  to  another  great  historical  epoch  intimate! \'  con- 
nected with  Indiana's  history,  viz.,  the  wars  of  181 1  and  1812  with 
the  Indians  and  the  British.  William  Henry  Harrison,  the  then  gov- 
ernor of  Indiana,  was  the  hero  in  both.      *      »      *     * 

•'Do  3'ou  think  there  should  be  no  recognition  of  the  capture  of 
Vincennes  and  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe.?  Is  there  a  fair  man  or 
woman  in  the  state  who  thinks  they  ought  to  be  ignored.?  I  should  be 
sorry  to  think  there  is  one.  I  speak  for  the  brave  and  patriotic  dead. 
I  ask  that  Clark's  capture  of  Vincennes  and  Flarrison's  battle  of 
Tippecanoe  shall  be  recognized  and  commemorated  in  some  suitable 
wav  in  connection  with  the  erection  of  this  great  Indiana  monument. 
There  were  striking  situations  in  both  that  could  have  been  made 
thrillingly  interesting  in  the  hands  of  competent  sculptors,  and  would 
have  made  appropriate  and  expressive  adornments;  but  in  view  of 
the  large  groups,  of  a  general  charactei-,  alreadv  ordered,  I  do  not 
know  that  anvthing  in  that  direction  could  now  be  done.  Some  suit- 
able inscriptions,  however,  or  other  proper  recognition  in  appropriate 
places  on  the  face  of  the  monument,  could  yet  be  made  at  compara- 
tively little  cost.      Of  course  it  should  be  done. 

-'There  is  also  another  thing  can  vet  be  done  that  I  think  is  of  the 
greatest  possible  importance,  and  to  which  I  now  respectfully  solicit 
vour  earnest  attention.  In  mv  opinion  it  would  prove  to  be  a  most 
expressive,  popular  and  realistic  illustration  of  the  four  greatest  ep- 
ochs in  the  militarv  history  of  Indiana.  These  I  consider  to  be  the 
capture  of  Vincennes,  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe,  the  Mexican  ^^'ar, 
the  Civil  War.  I  would  commemorate  each  of  these  great  epochs  l.iy 
a  bronze  statue  of  the  principal  actor  in  each.  I  Axould  place  these 
statues  a  suitable  distance  from  the  shaft  of  the  monument,  low 
enough  down  to  be  plain!',-  seen — one  on  eacli  side  of  the  shaft,  fac- 
ing out,  east,  west,  north  and  south. 

*  Other  opinions  quoted  iiave  already  been  given  in  Chapter  XXIII. 


I028       ORIGIN  OF  GEN.   CLARk's  STATUE  AT  INDIANAPOLIS. 


"The  cost  of  these  additions  would  not,  probably,  be  over  half  the 
C"st  of  the  groups  of  peace  and  war.  George  Rogers  Clark  and 
William  Henr>'  Harrison  should  be  two  of  these  representative  men. 
I  am  told  there  would  be  trouble  in  determining  who  would  be  the 
representative  man  for  the  epoch  of  the  Civil  War.  I  don't  think  so. 
Indiana's  great  military  war  governor,  01i\-er  P.  Morton,  should  be 
the  man.  Xo  doubt  about  that  at  all.  Morton's  statue  is  already 
made,  and  a  better  could  not  be  made.  It  is  of  proper  size,  a  good 
likenes'>.  and  every  way  creditable.  Let  it  be  properly  mounted 
imder  the  shadow  of  the  shaft  of  Indiana's  great  military  inonument, 
and  there  let  it  stand  for  ages  in  his  honor,  and  as  emblematic  of  the 
great  \\  ar  in  which  he  bore  so  conspicuous  a  part.  And  let  Clark 
and  Harrison,  and  whoever  is  the  representative  of  the  Mexican  War, 
stand  in  the  same  way,  as  emblematic  of  the  great  military  events 
with  which  they  were  connected." 

]SIr.  English's  address  was  fonnally  indorsed  by  the  Society  of  the 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  on  motion  of  ^Merrill  Moores 
a  committee  of  five  was  appointed,  with  Mr.  English  as  chairman,  to 
follow  up  the  movement. 

Subsequent  to  this  action  of  the  society,  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  at  its  annual  meeting  held  at  Fort  Wayne,  April  6  and  7, 
1S92,  adopted  unanimously  resolutions  approving  the  suggestion 
made  in  said  address  that  the  four  most  prominent  epochs  in  Indiana 
military  histor}'  be  commemorated  by  a  statue  of  the  principal  repre- 
sentative man  of  each  epoch. 

In  the  spring  of  1S93  Mr.  English  became  one  of  the  monument 
commissioners,  which  enabled  him  to  carry  his  ideas  into  successful 
execution.  The  result  ^vas  the  construction,  by  J.  H.  Mahoney,  of 
the  beautiful  statue  of  George  Rogers  Clark,  and  he  is  also  to  be  the 
sculptor  of  a  statue  of  William  Henry  Harrison.  Mr.  Mahoney  is  a 
citizen  of  Indianapolis,  and  his  work  thus  far  indicates  that  he  is 
likely  to  occupy  a  high  position  in  his  profession. 


LETTER  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK 

IN    RELATION    TO    INDIAN    TROUBLES    IN    THE    UPPER    OHIO 
\'ALLEY   IN    1773-4,   INCLUDING   AN   ACCOUNT   OF  CAP- 
TAIN  CRESAP   AND  THE   INDIAN   CHIEF   LOGAN. 

Departmextof  State,  Washington,  October  39,  1895. 
Honorable  Hi//iai>i  H.  EuglisJi: 

Sir — I  send  herewith  copy  of  a  letter  from  George  Rogers  Clark  to 
Dr.  Samuel  Brown,  dated  Jnne  17,  179S,  found  in  the  Jefferson  Papers, 
and  for  \\hich  30U  asked  in  3'our  letter  of  the  33d  instant. 

I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  servant,  W.  \\'.  Rockhill, 

Third  Assistant  Secretary. 

[Jefferson  Papers,  Series  5,  Vol.  :.] 

June  17,  179S. 
Sir — Your  letter  was  handed  to  me  by  Mr.  Thruston.  The  matter 
therein  contained  was  new  to  me.  I  find  myself  hurt  that  Mr.  Jeffer- 
son should  have  been  attacked  with  so  much  ^  irulence  on  a  subject 
which  I  know  he  was  not  the  author  of,  but  except  a  few  mistakes  of 
names  of  persons  and  places,  the  stor}'  is  substantially  true.  I  was  of 
the  first  and  last  of  the  active  officers  who  bore  the  weight  of  that 
war,  and  on  perusing  some  old  papers  of  that  date  I  find  some  memoirs, 
but  independent  of  them  I  have  a  perfect  recollection  of  every  trans- 
action relative  to  Logan's  story.  The  conduct  of  Cresap  I  am  per- 
fecth"  acquainted  with.  He  was  not  the  author  of  that  murder,  but  a 
family  of  the  name  of  Greathouse.  But  some  transactions  that  hap- 
pened under  the  conduct  of  Captain  Cresap  a  few  chns  previous  to 
the  murder  of  Logan's  family  gave  him  sufficient  ground  to  suppose 
that  it  was  Cresap  who  had  done  him  the  injury.  But  to  enable  3'ou 
fully  to  understand  the  subject  of  your  inquir)-,  I  shall  relate  the  inci- 
dents that  gave  rise  to  Logan's  suspicion,  and  ■will  enable  Afr.  Jeffer- 
son to  do  justice  to  himself  and  the  Cresap  family  by  being  made  fully 
acquainted  with  facts. 

(1029) 


lO.^O       CI.ARK  S  I.ETTER  CONXERXING  CRESAP  AND  LOGAX. 


Kentucky  was  explored  in  1773;  a  resolution  was  formed  to  make 
settlements  in  the  spring  following,  and  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Kana- 
wha was  appointed  the  place  of  general  rendezvous  in  order  to  descend 
the  river  from  thence  in  a  body.  Earl}-  in  the  spring  the  Indians  had 
done  some  mischief.  Reports  from  their  towns  were  alarming,  which 
caused  many  to  decline  meeting  and  only  eighty  or  ninety  men  assembled 
at  the  place  of  rendezvous,  where  we  lay  some  days  ;  a  small  party  of 
hunters  which  lav  about  ten  miles  below  us  were  fired  on  by  the  Indians, 
whom  the  hunters  beat  off  and  returned  to  our  camp.  This  and  many 
other  circumstances  led  us  to  believe  that  the  Indians  were  determined  to 
make  war;  the  whole  of  our  party  \\'as  exasperated,  and  resolved  not 
to  be  disappointed  in  their  project  of  forming  a  settlement  in  Ken- 
tucky, as  we  had  everj'  necessary  store  that  could  be  thought  of.  An 
Indian  town  called  Horse-FIead  Bottom  on  the  Siotho  and  nearest  its 
mouth  lav  most  in  our  \'\"ay.  We  resolved  to  cross  the  country  and  sur- 
prise it.  Who  was  to  command  ^vas  the  question.  There  \vere  but 
few  among  us  who  had  experience  in  Indian  warfare,  and  they  were 
such  as  we  did  not  choose  to  be  commanded  by.  We  knew  of  Captain 
Cresap  being  on  the  river  about  fifteen  miles  above  with  some  hands 
settling  a  new  plantation,  and  intending  to  follow  us  to  Kentucky  as 
soon  as  he  had  fixed  his  people  ;  we  also  knew  that  he  had  had  experi- 
ence in  a  former  war.  It  was  proposed  and  unanimously  agreed  on 
to  send  for  him  to  command  the  part}-.  A  messenger  was  dispatched 
and  in  half  an  hour  returned  with  Cresap.  He  had  heard  of  our  reso- 
lution by  some  of  his  hunters  who  had  fallen  in  with  those  from  our 
camp,  and  had  set  out  to  come  to  us.  We  now  thought  our  little  army 
(as  we  called  it)  complete,  and  the  destruction  of  the  Indian  town 
inevitable.  A  council  was  called  and  to  our  astonishment  our  intended 
general  was  the  person  who  dissuaded  us  from  the  enterprise,  alleg- 
ing that  appearances  were  suspicious,  but  that  there  was  no  certainty 
of  a  war;  that  if  we  made  the  attempt  proposed  he  had  no  doubt  of 
success,  but  that  a  war  at  any  rate  would  be  the  result;  that  we  should 
be  blamed  for  it  and  perhaps  justly;  but  that  if  we  were  determined 
to  execute  the  plan,  he  would  lav  aside  all  considerations,  send  for  his 


CLARK   S  I.ET'I'ER  COXC'ERXINC;   C'RESAP  ANO  LOGAN.        I03I 


people  ami  share  our  fortunes.  He  was  then  asked  \\  hat  measure  he 
would  recommend  to  us.  His  answer  \\as  that  we  should  return  to 
Wheeling-,  a  convenient  post  to  obtain  intelligence  of  what  \\"as  going 
forward  ;  that  a  few  weeks  '.\ould  determine  the  matter,  and  as  it  was 
earh'  in  the  spring,  if  we  should  find  that  the  Indians  were  not  hostilely 
disposed,  we  should  ha\c  full  time  to  prosecute  our  intended  settle- 
ments in  Kentuck\'.  This  measure  was  adopted  and  in  two  hours  the 
whole  part\'  was  under  wa}-.  As  we  ascended  the  river  we  met  Kill- 
buck,  and  Indian  chief  (Delaware),  with  a  small  party.  We  had  a 
long  conference,  but  obtained  very  little  satisfaction  from  him.  It  was 
observed  that  Cresap  did  not  attend  this  conference,  but  kept  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  river.  He  said  that  he  was  afraid  to  trust  himself 
with  the  Indians  ;  that  Killbuck  had  frequentl}-  attempted  to  wa\la)- 
and  kill  his  father  and  that  he  was  doubtful  that  he  should  (dc)  tempted 
to  put  Killbuck  to  death.  On  our  arri\'al  at  Wheeling,  the  whole 
country  being  pretty  well  settled  thereabouts,  the  inhabitants  appeared 
to  be  much  alarmed,  and  fled  to  our  camp  from  every  direction.  We 
offered  to  cover  their  neighborhood  with  scouts  until  we  could  obtain 
further  information,  if  the\-  would  return  to  their  plantations;  but 
nothing  we  could  say  would  prc\ail.  By  this  time  we  got  to  be  a  for- 
midable party,  as  all  the  hunters  and  men  without  families,  etc.,  in 
that  quarter  joined  us.  Our  arrival  at  Wheeling  was  soon  known  at 
Pittsburgh,  the  whole  of  that  country  at  that  time  being  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  Virginia.  Doctor  Connelly  had  been  appointed  by 
Dunmore,  captain  commandant  of  the  district  then  called  West 
Augusta.  He,  Connelly,  hearing  of  us,  sent  a  message  addressed  to 
the  party,  informing  us  that  a  war  was  to  be  apprehended,  and  request- 
ing that  wc  would  keep  our  position  for  a  few  days  ;  that  messengers 
had  been  sent  to  the  Indian  towns  whose  return  he  daily  expected,  and 
the  doubt  respecting  a  war  w  ith  the  Indians  would  then  be  cleared  up. 
The  answer  we  returned  was  that  we  had  no  inclination  to  decamp 
for  some  time,  and  during  our  stay  ue  should  be  careful  that  the 
enemy  should  not  harass  the  neighborhood.  But  before  this  answer 
could    reach   Pittsburgh,   he    had   sent    a    second    express    addressed 


1032       CLARK  S  LETTER  CONCERNING  CRESAP  AND  LOGAN. 

to  Captain  Cresap  as  the  most  influential  man  amongst  us,  inform- 
ing him  that  the  messengers  had  returned  from  the  Indian  town  and 
that  a  war  was  inevitable  and  begged  him  to  use  his  influence 
with  the  party  to  get  them  to  cover  the  country  until  the  inhabit- 
ants could  fortif}'  themselves. 

The  time  of  the  reception  of  this  letter  was  the  epoch  of  open 
hostilities  with  the  Indians.  The  war  post  was  planted ;  a  council 
called  and  the  letter  read  and  the  ceremonies  used  by  the  Indians  on 
so  important  an  occasion  acted,  and  war  was  formally  declared. 

I.    The  same  evening  two  scalps  were  brought  into  camp. 

3.  The  following  day  some  canoes  of  Indians  were  discovered  de- 
scending the  river,  taking  advantage  of  an  island  to  cover  themselves 
from  our  view.  They  were  chased  by  our  men  fifteen  miles  down 
the  river ;  they  were  forced  ashore  and  a  battle  ensued.  A  few 
were  woimded  on  both  sides,  and  we  got  one  scalp  only.  On  ex- 
amining their  canoes  we  found  a  considerable  quantity  of  ammuni- 
tion and  other  warlike  stores.  On  our  return  to  camp  a  resolution 
was  formed  to  march  next  day  and  attack  Logan's  camp  on  the  Ohio, 
about  thirty  miles  above  Wheeling.  We  actually  marched  about  five 
miles  and  halted  to  take  some  refreshment;  here  the  impropriety 
of  executing  the  proposed  enterprise  was  argued.  The  conversa- 
tion was  brought  forward  by  Cresap  himself.  It  was  generally 
agreed  that  those  Indians  had  no  hostile  intentions,  as  it  was  a  hunting 
camp  composed  of  men,  women  and  children,  with  all  their  stuff  with 
them.  This  we  knew,  as  I  mj'self  and  others  then  present  had  been 
at  their  camp  about  four  weeks  before  that  time  on  our  way  do\\-n 
from  Pittsburgh.  In  short  everv  person  present,  particularly  Cresap 
(upon  reflection),  was  opposed  to  the  projected  measure.  We  re- 
turned, and  on  the  same  evening  decamped  and  took  the  road  to 
Redstone. 

3.  It  was  two  days  after  this  that  Logan's  family  was  killed,  and 
from  the  manner  in  which  it  was  done  it  was  viewed  as  a  horrid 
murder  by  the  whole  country.  From  Logan's  hearing  that  Cresap 
was  at  the  head  of  this  party  at  Wheeling,  it  was  no  wonder  that  he 
considered  Cresap  as  the  author  of  his  family's  destruction. 


CT. ark's  T.ETTER  t'OXC'ERXIXG  t'RESAI'  AND  LOGAN.        IO33 


Since  the  receipt  of  your  letter  I  lune  procured  the  notes  on  \'ir<^inia. 
They  arc  now  before  me.  The  action  A\a,s  more  barbarous  than 
therein  rehited  by  Mr.  Jefferson.  Tliosc  Indians  used  to  visit  and  re- 
ceive visits  from  the  neighboring  whites  on  the  opposite  shore.  They 
were  on  a  visit  at  Greathouse's  at  the  time  the\'  were  massacred  by 
those  people  and  their  associates.  The  war  now  raged  with  all  its 
savage  iury  until  the  following  fall,  when  a  treatv  of  peace  {zvas} 
held  at  Dunmore's  camp,  within  five  miles  of  Chillicothe,  the  Indian 
capital  on  the  Siotho.  Logan  did  not  appear.  I  was  acquainted 
with  him  and  wished  to  be  informed  of  the  reason  of  his  absence  by 
one  of  the  interpreters.  The  answer  he  gave  to  mv  inquiry  ^^■as  -'that 
he  was  like  a  mad  dog ;  that  his  bristles  had  been  up,  were  not  yet  quite 
fallen,  but  that  the  good  talks  now  going  forward  might  allay  them." 
Logan's  speech  to  Dunmore  now  came  forward,  as  related  bv  Mr. 
Jefferson,  and  was  generally  believed  and  indeed  not  doubted  to  have 
been  genuine  and  declared  bv  Logan.  The  arm\-  knew  it  was  wrong 
so  far  as  it  respected  Cresap,  and  afforded  an  opportunity  of  rallying 
that  gentleman  on  the  subject.  I  discovered  that  Cresap  was  dis- 
pleased, and  told  him  that  he  must  be  a  verv  great  man  that  the  In- 
dians shouldered  him  with  everything  that  had  happened.  He  smiled 
and  said  that  he  had  a  great  mind  to  tomahawk  Greathouse  about  the 
matter.  What  is  here  related  is  fact.  I  was  intimate  with  Cresap, 
and  better  acquainted  with  Logan  at  that  time  than  nhh  any  other 
Indian  in  the  ^vestern  country,  and  had  a  knowledge  of  the  conduct 
of  both  parties.  Logan  is  the  author  of  {^/if)  speech  as  related  by 
IVIr.  Jefferson,  and  Cresap's  conduct  \\as  such  as  I  have  herein  related. 
I  have  gone  through  a  relation  of  every  circumstance  that  had  any 
connection  with  the  information  you  desire  and  hope  it  will  be  satis- 
factory to  yourself  and  Mr.  Jefferson. 

I  am  vour  most  obedient  servant,  G.  R.  Clark. 

Doctor  Samuel  Brown. 

[Indorsed:]      General  Clark's  letter   to  Sam  Brown  on  the  subject 
of  Logan's  speech. 


"A  PAY-ROLL  OF  CAPTAIN  JOSEPH  BOWMAN'S 

COMPANY 

FRO?iI  THE  24TH   DAY  OF  JANUARY,  1778,    UNDER   THE    COM- 
AIAXD  OF  COLONEL  G.  ROGERS  CLARK." 


(From  a  manuscript  showing  great  age,  found  with  the  Bowman  papers,  purport- 
ing to  be  a  copy  of  the  pay-roll  of  Josepli  Bowman's  company.  It  is  now  in 
possession  of  tlie  author  and  has  never  before  been  publislied.) 


When 
listed. 


When 

dis- 

cliarged. 


Miles  to 
40    home. 


tRations 

due  the 

men. 


Captain  Joseph  Bowman 

First  Lieutenant  Isaac  Bowman. 
Second  Lieut.  Abraham  Kellar... 

Daniel   Dust,  sergeant 

Isaac  Kellar,  sergeant 

Promoted  Jacob  Speers,  sergeant. 

Michael   Setser 

Abraham    Miller 

William  Slack 

Ligey  Huste,  "| 

Thomas  Perrev,  I 

Robert  McClanihan,      f 

Barney  Master,  J 

John  Setser 

John  Bentle^' 

Henry  llonaker 

Frederick  Honakcr 

Henry  Funk 

George  Livistone 

Henry  Chrisman 

Samuel   Stroud 

Edward  Bulger 

■  Mirm.  James 

.Mexander  Mclntire 

Philip  Orbcn 

Thomas  Clifton 

W i Uiam  Berrey 

Barnabay  Walters 

William    M  c  Gum  If  \' 

Jacob  Cogar 

Peter   Cogar 


177S, 
Jan.    23 
"     -3 
"     24 
"     24 

20 


July 
Feb. 


-5 
"  2S 
"     2S 

Deserted 


Feb. 
Mar. 


4 
4 
7 
8 
8 
8 
8 
9 
15 

16 


i.ug.  18 
"  8 
"  8 
"       8 


1200 
1200 
1 1 00 
700 
1 1 00 
1 150 
1200 
1200 

1200 


1200 
1200 
700 
700 
1200 
\ 
'i 

I  100 
I  100 
I  1 00 

noo 
1 1 00 

IIOO 

1 100 

IIOO 
IIOO 

1 150 
II50 


436 
258 
316 

76 

107 

75 
105 

72 


62 
48 
39 
39 
38 


Illegi 


ble. 


70 
64 
64 
64 
69 
68 
63 
63 
62 

55 
55 


*There  are  some  letters  and  check  marks  in  this  column,  but  the  edge  of  the 
paper  has  so  broken  off  they  can  not  be  deciphered. 
tSpelled  "Rashings"  in  the  roll. 

(1034) 


PAY-ROLL  OF  CAPTAIN   JOSEPH  BOWIMAN  S  COMPANY.     IO35 


(continued.) 


When 
listed. 


When 
dis- 
charged. 


Miles  to 
no  home. 


Rations 

due  the 

men. 


Jacob  Speers 

Thos.  II.  Vance 

James  Bentley 

George   Millar,  deserted 

Patrick  Doran 

Henry  Traylar 

Isaac  iMcBride 

Edward  Murrey 

Tos  Simson 

Philip  Long 

George    King 

Joseph   Pangrass 

Francis  Pangrass 

Michael   Pangrass 

Charles  McClock , 

Nathan  Cartmill,  J 
James  Gouday,        j 
Samuel  Dust, 
William  Berrey, 
Zebeniah  Lee, 


Mar.  21 


iVpr. 


M  ay 


6 
6 
C, 
6 

(• 
6 
6 
6 

21 
-7 
-7 


Jan.    28 
Deserted 


Au"-, 


1 150 
1 150 
1200 

1200 
1200 
1200 
1 100 
1 1 00 
1 100 
600 
600 


36 
31 
36 
36 
36 
6 


In  justice  to  the  memory  of  those  marked  "deserted"  on  this  roll,  it  should 
be  remembered  that  these  volunteer  soldiers  were  enlisted  under  peculiar  cir- 
cumstances, as  related  in  the  body  of  this  work.  It  was  given  out  publicly,  as  a 
matter  of  policy,  that  the  troops  were  wanted  for  a  diiferant  service  than  they 
really  were,  and  when  the  real  object  became  known,  some  felt  they  had  been 
deceived  and  simplj-  declined  to  serve,  without  becoming  deserters  in  the  sense 
that  word  would  now  imply. 


66 


RETURN     OF    THE     ^IILITIA    OF     POST    VIN- 

CENNES, 


WHO   WERE    IN    PAY    OF    THE    REBELS,  AS    ALSO    OF   THOSE 

WHO    BORE    COMMISSIONS    AND    WERE    ENROLLED 

WITHOUT  PAY,  AND   WHO  LAID  DOWN  THEIR 

ARMS  THE  17TH  OF  DECEMBER,  1778. 


Commissioned  Officers. 

^ 

0 
0 

<v 

1-1 
a- 

u 
'V 

03 

■Jj 

'Jl 

'J. 
'■0 

: 

^ 

I 

4 

56 
160 

Enrolled  with  Officers  who  bore 
Cominissions 

I 

I 

I 

I 

Without   Commissions 

I 

4 

2 

2 

I 

I 

I 

I 

4 

316 

Lieutenants. 

Ensisrns. 


Officers  \\'ho  Were  ox  Pay: 

T.  Baptiste  Caidinal.  1  ^ 

T^  •     D  >  Captams. 

t  lancois  Bosseron.      J        ^ 

Timothy  Monbrun. 

Michel  Brouliette. 

J.  B.  \"auchese  Lajennesse.      "[  „ 

Nicolas  Perot.  J  ' ' 

Hypolite  Baulon,  Indian  Interpreter. 

Hexry  Hamilton, 
Lieutenant-Governor  and  Superintendent. 
Indorsed:      "Return    of    militia   at   Post   Vincennes,  34th   Decem- 
ber, 177S,  enclosed  in  Lieutenant-Governor  Hamilton's  letter  of  iSth 
December.      Marked,  Detroit,  No.  25. 
Canadian  Archives,  Sltics  B,  \'o1.  122,  p.  234. 

(1036) 


ACT  ORGANIZING  THE  COUNTY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

^Vx  Act  for  establishing  the  county  of  Illinois,  and  for  the  more 
effectual  protection  and  defense  thereof,  reciting  that, 
Whereas,  B}-  a  successful  expedition  carried  on  by  the  Virginia 
militia,  on  the  western  side  of  the  Ohio  ri^■er,  several  of  the  British 
posts  within  the  territory  of  this  commonwealth,  in  the  country  ad- 
jacent to  the  river  Mississippi,  have  been  reduced  and  the  inhabitants 
have  acknowledged  themselves  citizens  thereof,  and  taken  the  oath  of 
fidelity  to  the  same,  and  the  good  faith  and  safety  of  the  common- 
wealth require  that  the  said  citizens  should  be  supported  and  protected 
by  speedy  and  effectual  reinforceinents,  which  will  be  the  best  means 
of  preventing  the  inroads  and  depredations  of  the  Indians  upon  the 
inhabitants  to  the  westward  of  the  Allegheny  mountains  ;    and. 

Whereas,  From  their  remote  situation,  it  may  at  this  time  be 
difficult,  if  not  impracticable,  to  govern  them  by  the  present  laws  of 
this  commonwealth  until  proper  information,  by  intercourse  with 
their  fellow-citizens,  on  the  cast  side  of  the  Ohio,  shall  have  familiar- 
ized them  to  the  same,  and  it  is  therefore  expedient  that  some  tempo- 
rary form  of  government  adapted  to  their  circumstances  should,  in 
the  meantime,  be  established. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly^  That  all  the  citizens  of  this 
coinmonwealth  who  are  alreadv  settled,  or  shall  hereafter  settle  on  the 
western  side  of  the  Ohio  aforesaid,  shall  be  included  in  a  distinct 
countv,  which  shall  be  called  Illinois  county;  and  that  the  governor  of 
this  cominonwealth,  with  the  advice  of  the  council,  mav  appoint  a 
county  lieutenant  or  commandant-in-chief  in  that  countv,  during  pleas- 

(1037) 


lO?S         ACT    ORGANIZING    THE    COUNTY    OF    ILLINOIS. 


■'s 


lire,  who  shall  appoint  and  commission  so  many  deputy  commandants, 
militia  officers  and  commissaries,  as  he  shall  think  proper  in  the  differ- 
ent districts,  during  pleasure,  all  of  whom,  before  they  enter  into 
office,  shall  take  the  oath  of  fidelity  to  this  commonwealth  and  the 
oath  of  office,  according  to  the  form  of  their  o\yn  religion,  which  the 
inhabitants  shall  fully,  and  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  enjoy  together 
with  all  their  civil  right  and  proi^erty. 

And  all  civil  offices  to  which  the  said  inhabitants  have  been 
accustomed,  necessary  for  the  preservation  of  peace  and  the  adminis- 
tration of  justice,  shall  be  chosen  by  a  majority  of  the  citizens  in  their 
respective  districts,  to  be  convened  for  that  purpose  by  the  county 
lieutenant  or  commandant,  or  his  deputy,  and  shall  be  commissioned  by 
the  said  county  lieutenant  or  commandant-in-chief,  and  be  paid  for 
their  sei-yices  in  the  same  manner  as  such  expenses  have  been  hereto- 
fore borne,  levied  and  paid  in  that  count\- ;  which  said  ci\il  officers, 
after  taking  the  oaths  as  before  prescribed,  shall  exercise  their  sev- 
eral jurisdictions  and  conduct  themselves  agreeable  to  the  laws,  which 
the  present  settlers  are  now  accustomed  to. 

And  on  any  criminal  prosecution,  where  the  offender  shall  be  ad- 
judged guilty,  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  county  lieutenant  or 
commandant-in-chief  to  pardon  his  or  her  offense,  except  in  cases  of 
murder  and  treason  ;  and  in  such  cases  he  may  respite  execution  from 
time  to  time,  until  the  sense  of  the  governor  in  the  first  instance,  and 
of  the  general  assembly  in  the  case  of  treason,  is  obtained.  But 
where  any  officers,  directed  to  be  appointed  by  this  act,  are  such  as  the 
inhabitants  have  been  unused  to,  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the 
governor,  with  the  advice  of  the  council,  to  draw  a  warrant  or  war- 
rants on  the  treasury  of  this  commonwealth,  for  the  payment  of  the 
salaries  of  such  officers,  so  as  the  sum  or  sums  drawn  for  do  not  ex- 
ceed the  sum  of  five  hundred  pounds,  anything  herein  to  the  contrary 
notwithstanding. 

2\.nd  for  the  protection  and  defense  of  the  said  county  and  its  inhab- 
itants, 

Se  it  enacted^   That  it  shall   and  may  be  lawful   for  the  governor, 


ACT    ORGANIZING    THE    fOUNTY    OF    ILLINOIS.  1039 


with  the  advice  of  tlie  council,  forthwith  to  order,  raise  and  levy, 
either  by  voluntary  enlistments,  or  detachments  from  the  militia,  five 
hundred  men,  with  proper  officers,  to  march  immediately'  into  the 
said  countv  of  Illinois,  to  garrison  such  forts  or  stations  already'  taken, 
or  which  it  may  be  proper  to  take  there  or  elsewhere,  for  protecting 
the  said  count\'  and  for  keeping  up  our  coinmunication  with  them, 
and  also  with  the  Spanish  settlements,  as  he,  with  the  advice  afore- 
said, shall  direct.  And  the  said  governor,  with  the  advice  of  the 
council,  shall,  from  time  to  time,  until  farther  provision  shall  be  made 
for  the  same  In-  the  general  assembly,  continue  to  relieve  the  said 
volunteers  or  militia,  by  other  enlistments  or  detachments,  as  herein- 
before directed,  and  to  issue  warrants  on  the  treasurer  of  this  com- 
monwealth for  all  charges  and  expenses  accruing  thereon,  which  the 
said  treasurer  is  hereby  required  to  pay  accordingly. 

And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the 
governor,  with  the  advice  of  the  council,  to  take  such  measures  as 
they  shall  judge  most  expedient,  or  the  necessity  of  the  case  requires, 
for  supplying  the  said  inhabitants,  as  well  as  our  friendly  Indians  in 
those  parts,  with  goods  and  other  necessaries,  either  by  opening  a 
communication  and  trade  with  New  Orleans,  or  otherwise,  and  to  ap- 
point proper  persons  for  managing  and  conducting  the  same  on  be- 
half of  the  commonwealth. 

Provided^  That  any  of  the  said  inhabitants  may  likewise  carry  on 
such  trade  on  their  own  accounts,  notwithstanding. 

This  act  shall  continue  and  be  in  force,  from  and  after  the  passing 
of  the  same,  for  and  during  the  term  of  twelve  months,  and  from 
thence  to  the  end  of  the  next  session  of  assembly,  and  no  longer. 

This  act  was  extended  by  subsequent  legislation.* 

*  Henincf's  Statutes  of  Virginia. 


GENERAL  CLARK'S  ACCOUNT  AGAINST  THE  STATE  OF 

VIRGINIA. 

TJie   State  of    ]'irginia 

To  Brigadicr-Gcncral  G.   R.    Clark^  Dr. 

For  sundry  payments,  expenses,  and  other  disbursements  by  him  made,  in  behalf  of  the 
said  State  and  Illinois  Department,  viz.: 


177S. 
March  30 

1- 

April 

4 

2 

8 

8 

15 

4 

25 

5 

30 

6 

80 

7 

30 

8 

May 

12 

9 

14 

10 

July 

6 

11 

17 

12 

27 

13 

August  1 

14 

7 

15 

14 

16 

Nov, 

19 

17 

March  16 

18 

May 

24 

19 

24 

20 

To  a  treat  at  rendezvous 

Paid  an  express  from  the  mouth  of  Muddy  creek 

For  flour  for  Captain  Helm's  company 

Ten  men,  for  bringing  boats  from  Wheeling  to  Redstone 

For  a  treat  to  Captain  Helm's  company 

For  a  treat  to  Captain  Bowman's  company 

For  66  yards  linen  for  boat  covers 

For  repairing  boats    

John  Maxwell,  for  12,189  pounds  flour  in  barrels 

Tacob  Bousman,  for  130  ferriages 

For  4  pair  hand-cuffs 

Francis  Charleville,  for  10  beeves  

Charles  Charleville,  for  150  pounds  gunpowder 

For  rum,  per  Captain  Worthington's  receipt 

For  142  pounds  gunpowder 

Mr.  Murray,  for  rum  for  use  of  the  troops 

For  sundry  ferriages  to  the  Spanish  side,  per  certifi«ate  

For  14  pounds  bacon,  at  50  cents  per  pound 

For  a  boat,  per  Major  Bowman's  certificate 

Delouri  for  storage  and  cartage  of  merchandise,  at  Missere,  in 
the  Spanish  country 


$13  20 

8  60 

8  20 

287  00 

6  60 

5  00 

$278  60 

213  40 

16  60 

1,851  20 

10  80 

10  00 

237  60 

248  00 

$2,087  CO 

IB  00 

340  00 

29  40 

4  00 

7  00 

80  00 

$:IG5  40 


*The  figures  immediately  following  dates  are  supposed  to  be  numbers  of  vouchers. 

(1040) 


GENERAi.  Clark's  account  against  Virginia.    104 i 


May 


<8 


An  armorer  for  37  days' work,  at  8  livres  per  day 

Acarpenterfor  88  days' work  at  Fort  Olarke 

For  repairing  tlie  garrison  at  Kaskaskia 

For  20  pounds  powder,  at  }12  per  pound 

For  50  pounds  lead,  at  50  cents  per  pound  

For  100  flints  

Forl5flour  barrels 

For  40  pounds  lead 

For  70  pounds  powder 

For  1  grappling  iron  (say  boat  anchor) 

Different  ferriages  over  the  Mississippi    

Mr.  Labadie  for  1,000  pounds  lead 

3  men  employed  by  William  Swan  for  repairs  at  Fort  Clarke 
Sergeant  James  Espy,  as  per  receipt  on  his  pay-roll 

John  Landers  forservices,  per  receipt 

For  transporting  troops  to  the  Cherokee  fort 

For  a  horse  furnished  Mr.  Gibault  f  or  his  services  to  St.  Vincent 

Doctor  Laffont,  for  like  services 

Charles  Charleville,  for  50  gallons  tafiia,  delivered  to  Indians 

at  sundry  councils  and  treaties,  at  4  per  gallon  

Charles  Charleville,  for  13  quarts  liquor,  for  like  purposes. 

Charles  Charleville,  for  a  horse 

Charles  Charleville,  for  >^  gallon  taflia  delivered  the  fatigue 

party  for  raising  a  boat 

Mr.  Gratoit,  for  182  pounds  gunpowder 

Mr.  Gratoit,  for  ^2  gallon  rum  for  fatigue  party  loading  boats. 

Mr.  Gratoit,  for  cartage  of  gunpowder 

Mr.  Gibault,  for  a  colt  lost  while  his  mare  was  in  public  serv 

Ice 

Captain  John  Williams,  his  pay  abstract 

Captain  Joneast,  for  sundries  furnished  the  troops,  per  his  ac- 
count rendered  at  Fort  Clarke 

Captain  Edward  Worthington,  his  pay  abstract 

Captain  Richard  McCarty,  his  pay  abstract 

Captain  Richard  McCarty,  for  his  volunteer  company 

Lieutenant  Perault,  for  his  pay  abstract 


.$59  20 

01  BO 

25  80 

40  00 

25  00 

2  00 

15  00 

8228  GO 

20  00 

140  00 

30  00 

10  00 

250  00 

28  40 

60  UO 

.f.i'iS  40 

31  00 

.•152  00 

60  no 

60  00 

221  00 

19  40 

40  80 

3  00 

112  00 

3  40 

1  60 

7  00 

6,128  00 

$6,042  20 

600  00 

3,547  80 

1,248  40 

720  40 

616  00 


1043     GENERAL    CLARK^S    ACCOUNT    AGAINST    VIRGINIA. 


Captain  Joseph  Bowman ,  for  his  pay  abstract 

Captain  Abm,  Keller,  for  bia  pay  abstract 

Major  Joseph  Bowman,  for  his  pay  abstract 

For  two  days'  work 

Lieutenant  John  Girault,  in  part  of  his  recruiting-  account, 
per  hia  receipt  thereon 

For  sundry  neceasariea  for  the  hospital 

For  205  pounds  flour,  at  8  dollars  per  hundred,  delivered  Cap- 
tain Shelby      

Captain  Francis  Charlevllle,  for  hia  pay  abstract      

For  sundry  necessaries  for  use  of  the  hospital 

Lieutenant  John  Bailey,  expenses  on  recruiting  21  men,  per 

receipt 

An  express  from  St.  Vincent  to  the  Vermillion  towns  .... 
Mona.  Antoine  Gamelin,  Indian  agent,  for  sundry  expenses 

while  he  was  treating  with  the  Ouabache  Indians  

For  sundry  necessaries  for  use  of  the  hospital  at  Fort  Clarke  . 
Charles  Charleville,  for  2^8  cwt.  flour,  at  $8  per  cwt 

Two  men  for  three  days,  and  search  after  public  horses  ...   . 

For  2  gallons  taflia  for  Kaskaskia  Indiana 

For  4  loads  wood 

For  20  pounds  gunpowder 

For  100  flints  

For  50  pounds  lead  

An  express  to  Kahokia 


A  coxswain  for  70  days'  service  on  board  the  Willing  batteau 
on  the  expedition  to  Post  Vincent 

Joseph  Menafield  for  45  day's  work  at  Fort  Clarke 

An  armorer  for  repairing  arms  at  Fort  Clarke 

For  232pickete.  at  1  livre  each 

Captain  Leonard  Helm,  in  part  of  his  pay  abstract  transmitted 
to  government,  as  per  his  receipt  theroon 

Captain  Joseph  Bowman,  in  part  of  his  pay  abstract  trans- 
mitted to  government,  as  per  hib  receipt  thereon 

Captain  Wm.  Harrod,  in  part  of  his  pay  abstract  transmitted 
to  government,  as  per  hia  receipt  thereon 


$1,703  40 

1,855  00 

442  80 

2  60 

900  00 

29  CO 

16  20 

323  20 

$10,895  80 

37  00 

118  00 

20  00 

1,143  20 

45  00 

17  00 

$1,380  20 

9  00 

12  00 

4  80 

40  00 

2  00 

20  00 

10  00 

$97  80 

70  00 

45  00 

24  00 

4G  40 

1,183  20 


1,136  80 


GENERAL    CLARK's    ACCOUNT    AGAINS'I'    \'IRGINIA.     I():|3 


May      27 


July     27 


Sept.     26 


Oct.      SI 


Sept. 

20 

90 
91 

Nov. 

10 

92 

24 

2' 

30 

Deo.       2 

1779, 
Jan.      28 


S3 


Captain  John  Montgomery,  in  part  of  his  pay  abstract  trans 
mltted  to  government,  as  per  his  receipt  thereon  


18    93 


May      22 


Charles  Caderon,  for  provisions  and  other  necessaries  fur- 
nished Captain  Bowman's  company  on  their  march  to  Illi- 
nois   

84  M.  Bolsey  for  Icwt.  gunpowder,  per  receipt  of  Captain  Bowman 
I 

85  For  horse  hire,  as  per  receipt  of  Captain  Bowman 

86  Lacroix's  account,  per  Major  Bowman's  certificate 

87  Laoroix's  account  for  provisions,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bow- 
man   

Thomas  Brady's  account  for  rations,  pe  certificate  of  Major 
Bowman 

Laoroix's  account,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bowman  (Indian 
account)    

Lacroix's  account,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bowman 

Richard  McCarty's  account,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bowman. 

ITor  horse  hire,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bowman 

Monsieur  Lavasseur,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bowman 

For  atone,  wood,  etc.,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bowman 

For  stone,  wood,  etc.,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bowman. . .   . 

For  stone,  wood,  etc.,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bowman 

Lacroix's  two  accounts  for  provisions,  per  certificate  of  Major 
Bowman 

Monsieur  Cotineau  for  rum  for  volunteers  and  Indians,  per 
Captain  JlcCarty's  certificate 


12,161  80 


At  Prairie  de  Roche,  per  certificate  of  Captain  Bowman. . . . 
Expenses  at  St.  Philip's  to  St.  Pierre,  per  certificate  of  Major 

Bowman  

Richard  McCarty,  for  Ensign  Levine's  board,  11  days 

Expenses  at  Kaskaskia,  per  Captain  Bowman's  certificate  .... 
Monsieur  Barbee's  account,  certified  by  Captain  SIcCarty 


Lacroix's  provision  account,  certified  by  Major  Bowman. . .   . 

Lacroix's  provision  account,  certified  by  Major  Bowman 

For  horse  hire  and  loss  of  saddle,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bow- 
man  


*5,B.57  10 


76  60 

100  00 

8  40 

115  40 


43  40 

369  60 

76  80 

8  00 

$1,603  40 

2  40 

3  60 

7  60 

3  80 

470  40 


$491  CO 
20  80 

10  00 
3  CO 

88  00 
20  20 


$143  20 
708  40 
159  20 


I044     GENERAL    CLARK  S    ACCOUNT    AGAINST    VIRGINIA. 


May      22  107 


116 


For  horse  hire  and  loss  of  saddle,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bow- 
man  

For  horse  hire  and  loss  of  saddle,  per  certificate  oi  Major  Bow- 
man  

For  provisions  ac  Ka8kaflkia,per  certificate  of  Major  Bowman. 

For  1  ferriage,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bowman 

For  2  cwt.  flour,  per  2  receipts  of  Daniel  Murray 

Mr.  Barbineau,  for  1,000  pounds  flour  and  600  pounds  Indian 
meal,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray 

Mr.  Barbineau,  for  1,000  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel 
Murray 

RaRO  Bau  vais,  for  291  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray 


122 


Mr.  Charleville,  for  2,205  pounds  flour  and  2,059  pounds  In- 
dian meal  and  50  loads  hay,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray. 
Mr.  Plassy,  for  2  pounds  nails 

118  'For  corn,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray 

119  Mr.  Plassy,  for  200  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray. 
12U    Mr.  Barbineau,  for  200  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel 

Murray  

Mr.  Barbineau,  for  200  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of    Daniel 

Murray 

Reno w,  for  corn,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray 

123  .  Renow,  for  corn,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray 

124  Degane,  for  corn,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray 

125  Mr.  Barbineau,  for  100  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel 
Murray  ($18  for  corn) 

Mr.  Barbineau,  for  200  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel 
Murray 

Mr.  Barbineau,  for  100  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel 
Murray 

RagoBauvais,  for  49  pounds  flour.per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray 

Mr.  Plassy,  for  100  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray. 
130  |Rago  Bau  vais,  for  250  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Mur- 
ray  

Rago  Bauvais,  100  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray . 

Mr.  Bienvenue,  for  4,000  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel 
Murray 

Mr.  Plassy,  for  29  pounds  buffalo  beef,  per  receipt  of  Daniel 
M  array 


125 


$8  60 

8  00 
145  20 
SO  00 

12  00 


60  00 

17  40 

u 

,229  2U 

406  20 

1  20 

6  00 

12  00 

12  CO 
6  00 
6  00 

12  CO 


12  00 

6  CO 

5  00 

6  00 

15  CO 
G  CO 


$787  40 


GENERAL    CI.ARK'S    AC'C'OUN'r    AGAINST    \-lR(;iNIA.      1045 


May      22 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Cerre,  tor  80  pounds  meal,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray  . . . 
Cerre,  for  542  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray  . . 
Cerre,  for  19,S2I  pounds  beef,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray. 
(  erre,  for  100  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray. . . 
Cerre,  for  400  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray. . . 


189    Cerre,  for  405  pounds  buffalo  beef,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Mur 
ray 


1411 


Cerre,  for  1,784  pounds  flour,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray  . . . 
141    Cerre,  446  pounds  Indian  meal,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray 

14-    Cerre,  for  one  canoe,  per  receipt  of  Daniel  Murray 

143    Cerre,  for  cartage,  1  day,  perreceipt  of  Daniel  Murray 


1778. 
July      28 

Sept.     24 


14 1    For  Daniel  Murray's  certificate  to  Blenvenue 

145  For  5,124  pounds  buffalo  beef,  per  Daniel  Murray's  certificate 

146  For  7.1.'j0  pounds  flour,  per  Daniel  Murray's  certificate 

147  iFor  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date 

14S  ,For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date  for,  wood 

149    For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date,  for  proyiaions 


For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date,  for  wood 

For  Daniel  Murray'sreceipt  of  this  date,  for  wood 

For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date,  for  provisions 

For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date,  for  provisions 

For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date,  forl,000 pounds  flour. 

For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date,  for  5,580  pounds  flour. 

For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date,  lor  600  pounds  In- 
dian meal 

For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date,  for  119  loads  wood.. . 

For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date,  for  725  pounds  pork,. 

For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date,  for  wood 

For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  of  this  date,  for  33  loads  wood. . . 

For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  to  Mr.  Plassy 

For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  to  Mr.  Plassy,  for  provisions 

For  Daniel  Murray's  receipt  for  1  hogshead  taffia 

For  Daniel  Murray's  certificate  for  provisions 

For  6  days'  board  for  an  Indian  interpreter 

J.  B,  Lacroix  for  sundry  expenses  treating  with  the  Indians 
between  1st  of  August  and  this  date,  per  his  account  ren- 
dered  


.fa  40 

32  00 

1,982  40 

6  CO 

24  00 


20  40 
107  00 
13  40 
10  00 
2  00 


$2,200  20 

6  00 

325  60 

429  00 

1  80 

36  00 

132  00 


$929  40 

4  00 

2  00 

138  00 

77  40 

60  00 

445  60 

18  00 
119  00 

68  00 
1  60 

33  00 
167  00 

12  00 
140  60 

12  00 
6  00 


205  80 


$1,500  00 


1046     GENERAL    CLARK's    ACCOUNT    AGAINST    VIRGINL 


Sept.    28 


167 


Thomas  Brady's  two  accounts  for  sundry  Indian  expenses,  as 
certified  by  Major  Bowman 

Monsieur  Lacroix's  account  for  sundry  Indian  expenses,  per 
certificate  of  Major  Bowman 

Moses  Henry  for  his  account  of  sundry  Indian  expenses,  per 
certificate  of  Captain  Helm 

Moses  Henry  for  his  account  of  sundry  Indian  expenses,  per 
order  of  Captain  Helm 

An  account  certified  by  Captain  Bowman 

Mr.  Danis,  his  wages  as  Indian  interpreter  from  Kaskaskia  to 
Wian,  under  Captain  Helm,  and  for  horse  hire,  etc.,  etc. . . 

Monsieur  Lacroix's  sundry  expenses  while  treating  with  dif- 
ferent nations  of  Indians,  as  per  account 

For  goods  furnished  to  Indians,  as  per  certificate  of  Captain 
Bowman    

For  rum  to  Indians  at  sundry  times 

For  rum,  goods,  etc.,  to  Indians 

For  5  bottles  rum  to  Indians 

For  5  bottles  rum  to  Indians 

For  rum  at  a  treaty  in  November 


Mons.  Deneau,  for  a  trip  to  the  Chipra  nation,  as  Indian  agent 

For  2  bottles  of  rum  for  Indians 

For  4  pair  shoes  for  Indians 

For  13  shirts  for  Indians 

For  10  pair  shoes  for  Indians. 

For  3  quarts  taffia  for  Indians. 

For  1  quart  taffia  for  Indians 

For  sundry  expenses  at  a  treaty  at  Post  St.  Vincent,  in  Febru 

ary,  1779 

For  taffia  at  sundry  times  for  Indians 

Captain  Helm's  order  in  favor  of  Mr.  Hubberdeau,  for  sundry 

expenses 

Mr.  G-ilbault'sand  Lafont's  expenses  at  taking  possession  of 

Post  St.  Vincent,  in  1778 

Captain  Helm's  order  In  favor  of  John  Lourse 

J.  M.  P.  Legras'  account  for  sundries  furnished,  per  Captain 

Helm's  certificate 

Captain  Helm's  order  in  favor  of  Charles  Amoneau,  for  sun 

dries  furnished  the  troops 


$216  40 


77  60 


60  00 
144  40 


125  20 


118  20 

21  40 

156  00 

7  iO 

6  00 

12  00 

$1,248  00 

240  00 

6  00 

12  00 

43  40 

80  00 

12  00 

4  00 

47  00 

60  00 

657  00 

12s  00 


87  00 


tiENEKAT^  Clark's  account  A(;ainst  Virginia.    1047 


Sept. 


L'S  ISU 
195 


Captain  Helm's  draft  In  faror  of  John  Lourse,  for  sundries. . 

Captain  Helm'a  draft  In  favor  of  F.  Boseron,  tor  sundries 

Captain  Helm's  draft  in  favor  of  Pierre  Cornia,  for  sundries 

Quartermaster  Rogers'  certificate  in  layor  of  Mr.  Renault,  for 
sundries 

Captain  Helm's  order  in  favor  of  Jean  Vaucliera,  for  sundries . 

Captain  Helm's  order  in  favor  of  Mr.  Renault,  for  sundries... . 

Captain  Helm's  order  in  favor  of  Jolin  Gilbert,  for  sundries.. 

Captain  Helm's  order  in  favor  of  Mr.  Lafontaine,  for  sundries. 

Captain  Helm's  order  in  favor  of  the  bearer  for  sundries 

Lieutenant  Richard  Brashear's  order  In  favor  of  Crlpeau,  for 
sundries 

Captain  Helm's  order  of  January  last,  in  favor  of  Cripeau,  for 
sundries 

Captain  Helm's  order  in  favor  of  Mr.  Roberdeau,  for  sundries 

Captain  Helm's  order  in  favor  of  Mr.  Roberdeau,  for  sundries 

Captain  Helm'a  order  in  favor  of  Mr.  Roberdeau,  for  sundries 

Captain  Helm's  order  in  favor  of  Francois  Boseron,  for  sun- 
dries   


Mich.  Antia,  for  sundry  services,  etc 

A  blacksmith's  bill  of  this  date,  for  sundry  iron  work 

A  carpenter's  account  for  worlc  and  repairs  at  Fort  Clarice  . 

Mona.  Cerre's  account  for  provisions,  etc.,  furnished  the  troops 
at  Fort  Clarke,  between  7th  last  July  and  this  date,  per  his 
account  rendered 

James  Manafee,  for  12  cords  wood 

Jamea  Manafee,  for  12  cords  wood 

Armstead  Dudley,  for  8  days'  work 

Jamea  Graham,  for  10  days'  work 

For  Paul  Kennedy's  bonds  for  different  public  services,  per 
his  account  2,  951,  2,  6 

Daniel  Murray,  for  24  buahela  salt,  at  $6  per  bushel 

Daniel  Murray,  for  casks  and  cooperage 

Mr.  Plassy,  for  pitch  and  oakum 

For  casks,  by  order  of  Captain  Harrod  

For  l.'i'a  bushels  salt,  per  Captain  Harrod's  order 

For  63  bushels  salt  and  2  casks,  per  Captain  Harrod's  order. . . 


$171  00 
600  00 
600  00 


$4,S40  60 

123  00 
921  00 
114  20 
279  60 
300  00 
103  80 


625  80 

46  00 

178  60 

648  80 


$3,980  80 

SO  00 

53  SO 

4S  60 

2,862  60 

12  GO 

12  00 

4  00 

5  00 

$3,023  00 

690  20 

144  00 

6  00 

9  60 

13  40 

77  40 

401  40 


104S     GENERAL    CLARk's    ACCOUNT    AGAINST    VIRGINIA. 


Sept. 


yor  r-iV  -^  bushels  salt,  per  Captain  Tlarrod's  order 

For  O'o  bushels  salt,  per  Captain  Harrod'a order 

For  IO2I2  pounds  gunpowder,  per  Captain  Harrod'a  order. 
For  18r>'^  pounds  lead,  per  Captain  Harrod'd  order 


229    For  repairing  Captain  Harrod's  boat. 


177.S. 
Omitted 


r 

256 


For  2  hogshead  tafltia.  as  per  receipt  of  Captain  George 

—  Bartlet  Scarey,  for  going  express  from  St.  Vincent  to 

the  falls 

Herman  Consler,  aa  express  from  Kaskaskia  to  Urnburg*.   . . 
For  sundry  attendance  and  necessaries  furnished  for  the  sick 

at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio 

Edward  Murray,  as  express  from  Kaskaskia  to  the  falls  of  the 

Ohio  

Boston  Damewood,  for  taking  up  a  boat  anchor 

To  cash,  of  the  recalled  emissions  now  returned,  per  receipt 

of  George  Brooke    

To  cash  paid  Jacob  Laconrse  for  a  hogshead  of  taffia 

Paid   Captain  Helm^'s  3  sundry  drafts  on  me  of  the  24th  of 
October,  1778,  viz: 

1  in  favor  of  Cripeau  for 

1  in  favor  of  Chapoton  for   

1  in  favor  of  J.  M.  Legrass  (of  the  29th)  for 


Paid  Mr.  Barbeau  for  lodging  the  Chippewas  when  coming  to 
treat 

J.  R,  Hanson,  for  his  account  of  sundries  for  the  friendly  In 
dians 

Beaussere,  the  tailor,  per  certificate  of  Major  Bowman 

Ahavmand,  at  Caho,per  certificate  of  Major  Bowman,  for  sun 
dries  for  the  sick 

Kenell  for  making  flags  for  Indians,  per  certificate  of  Major 
Bowman     

Major  Bowman's  draft  on  me  for  furniture 

Richard  McCarty,  for  sundries,  per  his  account  by  Major  Bow- 
man  

Jos.  Brown,  for  793  pounds  beef  for  the  troops,  per  his  receipt 

Sundry  expenses,  as  per  voucher 


$370  60 

47  40 

307  40 

185  60 

6  00 

$2,169  00 

400  00 

7.5  00 

1,000  00 

100  00 

100  00 

10,271  00 

600  00 

$18,865  80 

148  40 
211  00 
760  80 


124  60 
148  00 


22  60 
454  60 

139  00 
160  00 
109  00 


*Probably  should  be  Williamsburg  (Wmsburg). 


(iJ:NERAI.    CLARK^S    ACCOUNT    AGAINST    VIRGINIA.      1049 


Nov. 


^57    Major  Smith,  for  support  of  the  Kentucky  volunteers,  per  re- 
ceipt   


1770. 

Aug.     :; 


1779. 
Oct.       29 


William  Helm,  for  bacon,  as  per  receipt 

Joseph  Andrews,  for  rum  for  Indiana,  per  certificate  of  Captain 

Helm  

T.  Brady,  for  provisions  furnished  at  Fort  Clarke 

For  sundries  for  use  of  the  hospital,  per  Dr.  Rey 

Antoine  Bienvenue,  for  provisions  furnished  at  Fort  Clarke.. 
Charles  Charleville,  per  receipt,  for  sundries 

Charles  Charleville,  per  receipt 

Brasseau,  for  his  account 

,1.  B.  Lacroix,  per  receipt 

For  a  horse  and  furniture,  per  order  of  Moses  Henry 

John  Hargis,  on  part  of  his  contract  for  beef. 

For  1  gallon  taffia,  as  treat  to  Colonel  Rogers'  men  after  their 

defeat 

2  of  Captain  Linclot's  volunteers,  8  months'  pay 

Moses  Henry,  per  his  3  accounts 

Captain  Quirk, '■''  sundries  for  use  of  his  company,  per  receipt. 

Captain  Helm,  in  part  of  his  accounts,  per  receipt 

Captain  Worthington,  for  use  of  his  company,  per  receipt 

Advanced  Henry  Crutcher,  a  reduced  commissary,  in  part  of 

his  services  before  he  was  reduced  (book  debt) 

Advanced  Captain  Richard  McCarty,  deceased,  in  part  of  his 
pay  for  recruiting  and  other  necessary  purposes  (book  ac- 
count)  

Advanced  Captain  Abraham  Kellar,  in  part  of  his  pay  for  re- 
cruiting and  other  necessary  purposes  (book  account). . . 

Paid  Lieutenant  Renault,  in  part  of  his  recruiting  account, 
per  receipt  thereon 

Advanced  Doctor  Ray,  for  use  of  the  hospital  (book  account) . 

Advanced  Captain  Evans,  for  use  of  hia  company  (book  ac- 
count)  

Advanced  Captain  J.  Shelby,  for  use  of  his  company  (book 
account) 


?500  00 


f2,8J3  40 

7  00 

209  00 

777  40 

35  00 

204  00 

428  40 

fl,7il2  SO 

22  20 

3  00 

614  60 

$639  80 

80  00 

200  00 

SO  00 

177  00 

1,315  00 

148  CO 

354  00 

916  60 

24  00 


$3,294  60 


600  00 
150  00 


^  It  is  difficult  to  make  out  whether  this  name  ia  Quirk  or  Quick — moat  likely  the  latter. 


lO^O     GENERAL    CLARK's    ACCOUNT    AGAINST    VIRGINIA. 


Oct. 


June     21 


May       16 


Nov. 


14 

20 

Dec.       6 

b 
2; 


1780. 
Jan. 


IC 
March  1'- 


20 


Advanced  Captain  Isaac  Taylor,  for  the  use  of  his  company 
(book  account) 

Cash  paid  J.  'M.  Simmons  for  copying  my  public  account,  per 
receipt  

Paid  William  Shannon's  54  drafts  on  me  in  favor  of  sundry 
persons,  for  public  (services,  etc  ,  aa  will  appear  by  his  ac- 
count, 34,206  livres 

William  Shannon's  draft  on  the  treasurer  in  favor  of  Mons. 
Cerre  (No.  120) 

William  Shannon's  draft  on  the  treasurer  in  favor  of  Charles 
Charleville  (No.  132) 

William  Shannon's  draft  on  me  (No.  65) 

William  Shannon's  draft  on  me  (102) 

William.  Shannon's  sundry  small  drafts  on  me,  per  hia  receipt 

William  Shannon's  draft  on  the  treasurer,  in  favor  of  M.  MC' 
Carty  (No.  115) 

William  Shannon's  draft  on  the  treasurer,  in  favor  of  N.  Ran^ 
dolph  (No.  170)   

Captain  Dodge,  for  1  pirogue 

Swan  for  iron 

For  a  large  copper  kettle 

For  wood  for  barracks 

Expenses  in  making  42  bushels  salt  at  Bullet's  Lick,  per  aC' 

count  of  Kichard  Chenoweth 

For  tallow 

For  fuel 

McGee,  for  his  work,  per  certificate,  in  lieu  of  9  yards  cloth. . . 

For  8  bushels  corn 

For  wood  for  barracks,  $100 ;  do.,  ?18 

For  beef  

Jesse  Rood,  for  hauling  fuel 

Express  for  St.  Vincent 

For  wood 

For  cutting  and  hauling  fuel 

For  repairing  barracks  

Silas  Harlan,  for  16  bushels  corn,  delivered  to  Captain  Bailey 

for  recruits 

John  Briscoe,  Jr.,  for  casks,  per  certificate 


fll8  00 

?4,881  40 

100  00 

6,841  20 

875  00 

1,095  60 

32  00 

461  20 

33  SO 

73  00 

9,718  00 

$19,126  80 

305  00 

80  00 

130  00 

20  00 

1,788  00 

179  00 

10  00 

662  00 

320  00 

118  00 

60  00 

BO  00 

50  00 

60  00 

50  00 

150  00 

300  00 

45  CO 

GENERAL    CLARK  S    ACCOUNT    AGAINST    VIRGINIA.      105 1 


March  24 


April 

8 

28 

Sept. 

1 

29 

Oct. 

S 

30 

1781 
Feb. 

12 

SI 

March 

32 

May 

19 

83 

20 

34 

June 

2 

S.5 

July 

28 

30 
37 

Sept. 


Omitted 

1780. 
Aug.       8 


Nov. 


Levin  Powell,  for  an  Iron  chain  and  grate,  per  certificate. . 

Levin  Powell,  for  a  batteau,  appraised  at  £2,000 

Levin  Powell,  for  6^.^  pounds  powder;  ll;'.,'  pounds  lead,  and 

200  flints  for  whisky  for  the  troops  

For  whisky  for  the  troops 

Thomas  Vickroy,  for  a  bag,  per  certificate 

John  Donne's  account  for  provisions,  etc 

Thomas  Vickroy,  for  paper,  per  certificate 

Anthony  Rolins.for  163'^  pounds  flour 


Lieutenant-Colonel  Joseph  Crocket,  per  receipt 

Isaac  Fisher,  for  expenses  as  express  to  Holdston 

Coleman  and  Hill,  as  express  from  the  falls  to  Fort  Pitt  — 

Hardy  Hill,  for  16  bushels  corn,  per  receipt 

Ensign  Tannehill,  for  his  expenses  as  express  from  Richmond 

to  Fort  Pitt 

William  Harrison,  in  full  of  his  account,  per  receipt,  £15,156.14 
William  Harrison,  Benjamin    Harrison's    expenses,  per    ac 

count 

William  Harrison,  In  behalf  of  the  government,  per  receipt 

Penn.  cur.— specie;    £126,582.6  (this  accounted  for  in  ac 

count),  £18  9  G^i  

John  Gibson,  merchant,  for  goods  he  furnished  Colonel  Gib 

son,  for  use  of  Indians  on  account  of  United  States,  per 

his  receipt £72  2  4 

Daniel  McKluney's  account  of  smith  work 

Captain  Isaac  Craig's  account  of  expenses  from  Fort  Pitt  to 

Philadelphia,  per  receipt 

Captain  Isaac  Craig,  in  part  of  his  expenses  at  Philadelphia 

and  returning,  wagon  hire,  etc.,  per  receipt 

Captain  Craig,  balance  of  said  account £36  14  0 

To  cash  paid  Henry  Hoglan,  express 

Paid  Butler  and  Hart,  for  going  express 

Edward  Murdock,  as  spy 

Thomas  Phelp's  account  for  provisions 

John  Allan,  in  part  for  a  rifle-gun  for  John  Baptist,  the  Indian 

chief 


For  subsistence  for  wounded  soldiers . 
For  liquor  for  soldiers  on  command  . 
For  whisky  for  soldiers  at  Baker's 


$30G  00 

0,066  66% 

884  00 

798  00 

70  00 

40,104  l|-.?.3 

186  00 

817  50 

17,050  00 

1,000  00 

6,200  00 

1,020  00 

4,6:)0  00 

60,522  331  , 

1,997  00 


1,100  00 
7,011  66=. 
4,800  00 
29,475  00 

900  00 

80  00 
815  00 
200  00 


67- 


1052     GENERAL    CLARK'S    ACCOUNT    AGAINST    VIRGINIA. 


Nov. 

1781, 
Feb.      la 


My  expenses  at  Hog's,  per  voucher 

Express  to  the  county  lieutenant  of  Berkley 

For  10  quires  paper 

For  3  pairs  stockings  for  soldiers 

Expenses  at  Winchester,  at  Edmondson's,  Including  £120  10 

for  N.  Randolph,  per  receipt 

John  Gibson,  for  sundries  furnished  at  Fort  Pitt,  per  account 

£1.3027912        

Captain  Robert  George,  in  part  of  his  recruiting  account,  as 

per  his  receipt  thereon 

Captain  Robert  George,  in  part  of  his  pay  abstract,  as  per  his 

receipt 

Colonel  John  Montgomery,  in  part  of  his  pay,  per  receipt 

Major  Thomas  Quirk,  as  per  receipt  on  his  pay-roll 

Captain  Richard  Brashear,  in  part  of  his  recruiting  account, 

as  per  his  receipt  thereon 

Captain  John  Williams,  In  part  of  his  pay,  as  per  receipt  on 

his  pay-roll 

Martin  Carney,  quartermaster,  In  part  of  his  pay,  per  his  re- 
ceipt on  his  pay-roll 

Jacob  Pyatt,  per  order  of  Captain  John  Rogers,  for  provisions, 

per  voucher 

Captain  John  Bailey,  in  part  of  his  account  for  recruiting,  as 

per  receipt  thereon 

John  Donne,  in  part  of  his  pay,  per  receipt 

Advanced  Joseph  Lindsay,  per  receipt,  for  purchases  in  the 

com.mi88ary  department 

Advanced  Leonard  Helm.,  superintendent,  in  part  of  his  pay, 

per  his  receipt 

Advanced  Captain  Worthington,  In  part  pay  of  his  receipt 

entered  in  account 

Advanced  Nat.  Randolph,  for  public  purposes,  per  receipt. . . , 
Advanced  Wm.  Shannon,  per  his  receipt, for  public  purposes. 
Advanced  John  Donne,  per  receipt  on  his  pay  account  (see 

voucher  No.  64),  £9  12s  6d.     Total  of  amount  represented 

In  pounds,  etc.,  £1,439  6h  l^d 


To  balance  on  this  account  at  your  credit  in  new  account 
£17  4s  Ti^d  plus  £1,439  6s  l^^d  =£1,456  lOs  9d 


$10,026  00 
500  00 
450  00 
SOD  00 


4,941  66^ 


28,550  00 

4,427  00 

3,800  00 

107,329  00 

4,769  16^ 


16,087  00 
4,584  00 

18,950  00 

1,500  GO 

8,898  831^ 
115,266  66^ 
1,119,558  00 


^2,177,916  16^ 
23,476  662^ 


$2,201,392  83J^ 


GENERAL    CLARK'S    ACCOUNT    AGAINST    VIRGINIA. 


1053 


Tlic  State  of  \'ii-giina 

To  Brigad icr-Geiieral   G.    I\.    Clark,  Cr. 

For  sundry  payments,  expenses  and  other  disbursements  by  him  made,  In  behalf  of  the 
said  State  and  Illinois  Department,  viz. . 


17TS 

July 

13 

1 

IS 

2 

24 

3 

25 

4 

25 

5 

25 

6 

Aug. 

3 

7 

7 

8 

7 

9 

7 

10 

8 

It 

10 

12 

14 

13 

14 

14 

14 

15 

14 
14 

id 

17 

14 

18 

Oct. 

19 

Not. 

19 

20 

1778 

Nov. 

19 

21 

19 

22 

19 

23 

21 

24 

21 

25 

21 

26 

22 

27 

24 

28 

Dec. 

4 

29 

10 

30 

16 

31 

By  my  draft  of  this  date  on  Oliver  Pollock,  payable  to- 

Laffont  

C.  Charleville 

Rapicault 

Hulberdeaux 


Cerre 

Laulpe 

Datchurut 

Ant.  Moraln.. . . 

Fagott 

0.  Charleville. 

Laflont 

Rapicault 

Datchurut 


Picard 

Dan  Murray. 
Laffont 


Madr.  Bently 

Duplasi 

Motard 

By  draft  of  this  date  on  Oliver  Pollock,  payable  to- 

A.  Chouteau 

A.  Chouteau  

Duplasi   

Pierre  Cornia 

Bosseron 


Valle 

Cerre 

Jamea  Perault. 

Vigo 

Rapicault  

Datchurut 


$285  20 

208  00 

616  20 

239  80 

1,273  00 

837  00 

738  60 

111  00 

1,100  00 

2,789  00 

667  00 

229  80 

146  00 


$8,630  60 
144  00 
660  00 
644  60 
116  00 
116  00 
670  80 
1,166  60 

481  80 
1,680  00 
124  20 
500  00 
500  00 


$6,886  40 
551  00 
800  00 
920  20 

8,716  40 
823  00 

2,591  00 


I054     GENERAL    CLARk'S    ACCOUNT    AGAINST    VIRGINIA. 


Dec. 

IT 

o-> 

18 

83 

19 

34 

19 

35 

19 

36 

20 
1779. 
Jan.      23 

23 

29 


Feb. 


April     30 

May  17 
20 
20 

July  17 
August  V 
May  21 
22 
22 
22 
22 
2.5 
2fi 


Deloncr  .     . 

Vigo 

Duralde  

Motard 

J.  P.  Lerrault 


Vazquer  . 
Duplasl  . 
Sarpy  . . . 


Dan  Murray 

Datchurut 

Captain  Janis  .... 

Risharry 

Rapicault     

Vigo 

Chas.  Charleville 

FlasBy 

Rapicault   

Bosseron 


Laulpe  

Lafontaine  

Pierre  Godin 

P.  Trotter 

Godin 

By  my  draft  on  the  treaBUrer  of  Virginia  in  favor  of- 

J.  M.  P.  Legras 

Bently 

Hubberdeau      

John  Girault 

Marie  Menaze 

CbarleviUe 

F.  Charleville 

Antoine  Pettice 

Rapicault 

By  my  draft  on  Oliver  Pollock,  in  favor  of — 
.\.  Bienvenue 


$521  00 

921  00 

22.5  20 

1,040  00 

1,357  20 


$18,466  00 

1,022  40 

1,000  00 

964  60 


$2,987  00 

192  00 

2,234  60 

600  00 

440  00 

1,456  60 

1,452  00 

1,752  00 

1,-565  40 

7S4  40 

625  00 

$11,102  CO 

519  00 

679  60 

613  16 

220  20 

381  40 

3,950  60 

1,851  00 

900  00 

1,140  80 

811  00 

432  60 

300  00 

800  00 

408  00 

400  00 

813,307  80 

(GENERAL    CLARK  S    ACCOUNT    AGAINST    VIRGINIA. 


1055 


1779. 
June       8 

17 

17 
17 
1' 
18 
23 
August  3 


By  my  draft  on  the  treasurer  of  Virginia  In  favor  of— 
05   Lo vis  Le  Compt 


1780. 
Jan.       IS 

22 

28 

Feb.        9 


March  28 


Pierre  Boneux 

M.  Poure 

By  my  draft  on  the  treasurer  of  Virginia  in  favor  of— 

Gratiot  (say  Feran) 

R.  McCarty 

McCrae  <fc  Co 

Vigo        

Arhavmand 

J.  B.  Lacroix 

Rapicault 

Antolne  GameUn 

By  cash  received  from  government,  in  January,  1778,  £1,200 
Virginia  currency 

By  cash  received  from  government,  in  May,  1779,  per  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Montgomery,  £9,400  Virginia  currency 


By  bill  on  the  treasury  in  favor  of — 

Colonel  John  Todd , 

Thomas  Phelps 

Henry  Smith    

Richard  Chinoworth 

Evan  Hinton 

James  Batey 


Marsbam  Brashear 

Peter  Sturgus 

Henry  Holdman 

Henry  French 

(Note— The  first  of  these  bills  In  Legross,  the  second  set  in 
Wm.  Nathan's  poaeesslon.) 

William  Pope  

William  Pope 

Thomas  Phelps 

Squire  Boon 

Evan  Hinton 

Charles  Mija  Thurston £1,000  00  0 

Simon  Tripolet 2,568  09  6 

Charles  West 573  17  6 

John  Smith 74(^13  6 


$800  GO 

480  00 

483  00 

1,427  80 

2,716  GO 

137  00 

298  00 

303  80 

447  80 

607  00 

1,143  20 

4,000  00 


$44,178  00 

10,013  00 
2,666  66^ 
5,417  60 
1,193  00 
1,333  S3^/i 
1,333  331^ 

1,333  33J^ 

1,333  33' J 

1,333  S3>^ 

600  00 


2,000  00 
2,000  00 

533  66?^ 
1,333  331^ 

500  00 


1 


1056     GENERAL    CLARK'S    ACCOUNT    AGAINST    VIRGINIA. 


March  2S 

CharlesDean £288  00  0 

LcTin  Powell 4,77108  0 

£9,948  08  6 

?33,161  S3% 

April    26 

1781. 

3,338  33I/, 

Jan 

By  cash  £405  000  equal  to          

1,350,000  00 

By  18  bills  of  $750  each,  drawn  on  the  treasurer  for  the  re- 

cruiting service,  dated  February  9  and  March  1,  '80 

Si, 750  00 

July      27 

By  my  bill  on  treasurer  in  favor  of  John  Gibson,  merchant, 
Penn    our   snepie                                                                  £1  419  16  9 

Oct.       15 

By  my  bill  on  treasurer  in  favor  of  Captain  Isaac  Craig,  £36  14 
(sum  of  bills  of  July  27  and  October  15)     ....        £1,456  10  9 

By  cash  received  of  Captain  Cherry  last  June,  1781  —  £200  000 

666,666  66% 
*$2,201,392  83^ 

♦Reports  Committee  30  Congress,  Report  H.  R.  No.  216. 


Note.— It  should  be  understood  that  the  amount  stated  In  this  account  is  often  ex- 
pressed in  paper  money  at  par,  but  which  was,  in  fact,  under  par,  and  finally  became 
worthless. 


LT.-GOV.  HAMILTON'S  DISBURSEMENTS  DURING 
HIS  CAPTIVITY. 

Account  of  Cash  disbursed  l>y  Henry  Hamilton,  Esqr.,  Lieutenant- 
Governor  and  Superintendent  of  Detroit  for  His  Majesty' s  Serv- 
ice bctivcen  the  24th  of  February,  I77g,  and  the  24th  of  May, 
1781,  as  also  of  the  Bills  drawn  and  Money  received  by  him. 


Sterling. 


1779,  October  19th— To  cash  paid  Philip  Dejean  on  account  of  his 


pay. 


February,  1760,  24th— Do  paid  Jacob  Schleflfelln  his  pay  as  Lieut,  and 
writer  to  the  Indian  Department  from  15th  Sept.,  1778,  to  this 
date ,  Inclusive 

May  24th— Do  paid  Francois  MalsonvlUo  as  boat  master  on  acct.  of 


pay. 


June  6th— Do  paid  Patrick  McKlndley  of  Oapt.  Lamothe's  company 
468  days'  pay  from  the  24th  Feby.,  1779,  to  the  6th  June,  1780,  a 
2s  4d  per  day 

July— Do  paid  for  clothing  and  liquor  for  the  prisoners  of  war  . . 

December  6th— Do  paid  John  Hay  at  sundry  times  his  pay  from  15th 
Sept.,  1778,  to  the  24th  December,  1780,  being 831  days  at  15s  per 
day  as  major  of  the  Detroit  V.  mllltla  and  10s  per  day  and  £40 
per  year  as  deputy  agent  of  Indian  affairs 

Do  paid  do  200  days  Bat  &  Forage  from  15th  Sept.,  1778,  to  the  1st 
April,  1779 

Do  paid  Oapt.  GulUaume  Lamothe  668  days'  pay®  lOs  per  day  from 
25th  February,  1779,  to  24th  December,  1780 

Do  paid  do  200  days  Bat  &  Forage  as  above  

Do  paid  John  McBeath  as  surgeon  from  the  15th  Sept.,  1778,  to  the 
24th  Dec,  1780,  831  days'  pay  at9s4d  per  day 

Do  paid  do  200  days  Bat  &  Forage  as  above 

Do  paid  Antolne  BellefeulUe  as  Interpreter  from  15th  Sept. ,  1778,  to 
the  4th  December,  1780-831  days'  pay  ®  4s  8d  per  day 

Do  paid  do  200  days  Bat  &  Forage  as  above 

Do  paid  Amos  Alnsley  as  master  carpenter  from  15th  Sept. ,  1778,  to 
the  15th  of  February,  1780— being  509  days  ®  7s  per  day 

l781,March5th— Do  paid  James  Parkinson  as  sergeant  major  from 
24th  February,  1779,  to  this  date,  being  739  days  at  2s  4d  per  day. 

(1057) 


197 


110 

13 

IV2 

64 

12 

116 

11 

3 

1128 

15 

52 

10 

334 

42 

10 

387 

16 

?5 

193 

18 

8 

15 

178 

3 

86 

4 

4 

1058 


LT.-Gov.  Hamilton's  disbursements. 


sterling. 


Do  paid  WllUam  Taylor  of  Capt.  Lamothe's  company  739  days'  pay 
from  the  24tli  of  Tebruary,  K79,  to  this  date,  Inclusive  at  2s 
4d  per  day 

Do  paid  John  Brehane  of  Capt.  Lamothe's  company  1739  days'  pay 
from  the  24th  ol  February,  1779,  to  this  date.  Inclusive,  ®  2s  4d 
per  day 

DC  paid  a  detachment  of  the  King's  or  8th  regiment  at  different 
times,  as  per  certified  account 

April  24th— Do  paid  Major  Hay  his  pay  as  above,  from  25th  Decem- 
ber, 1780,  to  the  24th  May,  1781,  both  days  Included 

Do  paid  Capt.  Lamothe  as  above,  from  25th  December,  1780,  to  the 
24th  May,  1781,  Inclusive 

Do  paid  Dr.  McBeath  as  above,  from  25th  December,  1780,  to  the 
24th  May,  1781,  Inclusive 

Do  paid  Mr.  Bellefeullle,  as  above,  from  25th  December,  1780,  to  the 
24th  May,  1781,  Inclusive 

1779,  June  19— By  a  set  of  (6)  bills  on  His  Excellency,  General  Hal 
dlmand,  commander-in-chief  In  Canada,  In  favor  of  Col.  Joslah 
Barker 

August  17th— Do  (6)  bills  on  —  do In  favor  of  Samuel  Beale 

October  5th— Do  (4)  bills  on  —do In  favor  of  David  Geddes,  Esqr. 

1780,  Feby .  8— Do  (3)  bills  on do In  favor  of  John  'Hay 

April  19— Do on  — In  favor  of  Jacob  Schelflelln 

October  21 — Do  one  bill  on  David  Geddes,  Esqr.,  favor  of  Eobt. 

Elam  for  £7311 ,  Virginia  money,  at  $80  for  one 

December  29— By  cash  received  from  His  Excellency,  Sir  Henry 
Clinton,  by  warrant 

1781,  April  lOth- Do  a  set  of  (4)  bills  on  His  Excellency,  General  Hal- 
dlmand.  In  favor  of  David  Geddes,  Esqr 

By  cash  received  from  His  Excellency,  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  by  war 
rant  of  the  6th  of  April 


Sterling  £. 


60 
400 
455 
296 
253 

68 


860 


800 


468: 


16 


4V2 


(Errors  excepted.)  [*Jehu?] 

Henkt  Hamilton, 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Detroit. 
Endorsed ;— Account  of  disbursements,  etc.,  by  Lieutenant-Governor  Hamilton 
between  the  24th  Feby.,  1779,  and  the  24th  May,  1781. 
[B  123,  p.  39.] 


THE  RIGHT  TO   IMPRESS   IN  THE   CAMPAIGN 

OF  1786. 

"The  executive  board  of  Virginia  had  convened  in  May,  1786, 
and  on  the  15th  had  ordered  a  convention  of  the  field  officers  of  the 
Kentucky  militia,  to  take  measures  for  the  protection  of  the  frontier. 
The  field  officers  assembled,  determined  on  an  expedition,  and  chose 
Clark  to  command  them  ;  but  there  had  been  no  provision  for  supply- 
ing the  troops,  and  nothing  could  be  done  without  supplies.  The 
question  then  arose  whether  the  Virginia  authorities  intended  them  to 
use  their  discretion  on  this  subject,  and  in  order  to  get  a  reliable  legal 
opinion  they  laid  Governor  Henry's  letter,  the  militia  laws  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  the  sixth  article  of  confederation,  before  the  attorney-gen- 
eral and  supreme  judges  of  Kentucky,  who,  after  consultation,  reported 
as  follows : 

"We  are  of  opinion  that  the  executive  have  delegated  all  their  power 
under  the  said  law  and  article  of  confederation,  so  far  as  they  relate 
to  invasions,  insurrections  and  impressments,  to  the  field  officers  of 
that  district,  and  that  the  officers,  in  consequence  thereof,  have  a  right 
to  impress,  if  necessary,  all  supplies  for  the  use  of  the  militia,  that 
may  be  called  into  service  by  their  orders  under  the  said  order  of 
council. 

"Geo.   Muter, 
"Caleb  Wallace, 
"Harry  Innis."  * 

*  Dunn's  History  of  Indiana,  pp.  170,  171,  where  the  subject  is  fully  and  fairly 
considered. 

(1059) 


OFFICERS  AND  PRIVATES 

WHO  SERVED  IN  SOME  OF  THE  CAMPAIGNS  OF  GEORGE 
ROGERS  CLARK,  BUT  WHO  WERE  NOT  ALLOTTED  LAND 
IN  CLARK'S  GRANT  AND  WHOSE  NAMES  ARE  CONSE- 
QLiENTLY  NOT  ON  THE  ROLL  IN  THE  TWENTY-FIRST 
CHAPTER  OF  THIS  WORK. 


OFFICERS. 

MAJOR. 

Slaughter,  George. 

BRIGADIER-MAJOR. 

Crittenden,  John. 

SURGEON. 

Ray,  Andrew. 

CAPTAINS. 

Evans,  Jesse. 
Fields,  Benjamin. 
Mark,  Thomas. 
Roberts,  Benjamin. 

LIEUTENANTS. 

Crockett,  Anthony. 
Ramsey,  Joseph. 
Ravenscroft,  Thomas. 
Roberts,  John. 
Roberts,  William. 


Saunders,  Joseph. 
Slaughter,  James. 
Slaughter,  Joseph. 


ENSIGNS. 

Greene,  Robert. 
Kincaid,  Joseph. 

SERGEANTS. 

Allen,  Samuel. 
Andree,  Jean. 
Ballard,  Bland. 
Ballard,  Proctor. 
Biron,  J.  B. 
Blearn,  David. 
Bolton,  Daniel. 
Bond,  Shadrach  or  Bland. 
Breeden,  John. 
Brossard,  Pierre. 
Brown,  Collin. 
Burne,  Pierre. 
Campbell,  George. 
Carbine,  Henry. 
Clark,  Adams. 


(1060) 


Clark's  officers  and  privates 


1061 


Decker,  Jacob,   ilied. 
Denton,  Thomas. 
Drumgold,  James. 
Durst,  Daniel. 
Fever,  William. 
Frazier,  Abraham. 
Garrett,  John. 
Goodloe,  Henry. 
Haut,  Henry,  killed. 
Hazard,  John. 
Hicks,  David. 
Jamieson,  Thomas. 
La  Venture,  J. 
Mason,  Charles. 
Mathews,  Edward. 
Murony,  William. 
Murray,  Thomas. 
PortwDod,  Page. 
Piere,  William. 
Ranger,  J.  B. 
Rector,  John. 
Rice,  John. 
Richards,  Lewis. 
Roberts,  Benjamin. 
Robertson,  John. 
Rodgers,  David. 
Ross,  James. 
Ross,  John. 
Roy,  Julien. 
Rubido,  Francis,  died. 
Ryan,  Andrew. 
Ryan  Lazerus. 
Slaughter,  John. 
Stephenson,  John. 
Villiers,  Francis,  killed. 
Walker,  John. 
White,  Randolph. 
Wilson,  John. 
Workman,  Conrad. 
Young,  John. 


CORPORALS, 

Ballard,  James. 

Blein,  Pierre. 

Bowen,  William. 

Cameron,  James. 

Hawkins,  Samuel. 

PLain,  William. 

Sills,  Samuel. 

Crutcher,  Henry,  vol.  andq.  m. 

DRU.MMER. 

Lovell,  Richard. 

FIFERS. 

Conley,  Thomas. 
Poores,  Archer. 

GUNNERS. 

Harrison,  James. 
Leney,  Thomas. 
Mulby,  William. 
Smith,  Josiah. 


MATROSS. 

Hopkins,  Richard. 
Hupp,  Phillip. 

PRIVATES. 

Abbott,  William,  Sr. 
Abbott,  William,  Jr 
Adams,  Francis. 
Allen,  Isaac. 
Allen,  John,  Sr. 
Allen,  John,  Jr. 
Allery,  Joseph. 
Alonton,  Jacob. 
Anderson,  John. 


io63 


NOT   ALLOTTED    LAND    IN    CLARK'S    GRANT. 


Antier,  Francis. 

Apperson,  Richard. 

Asher,  Bartlett. 

Back,  John. 

Ballard,  Bland  William. 

Ballenger,  Larkin. 

Barber,  John. 

Barny,  William  (or  Barry). 

Bender,  John. 

Bender,  Lewis,  died. 

Bender,  Robert. 

Berard,  . 

Berry,  William. 

Bigraw,  Alexander. 

Bingamore,  Adam. 

Binkley,  William. 

Bird,  Samuel. 

Blair,  John. 

Blancher,  Pierre. 

Blearn,  David. 

Bollinger,  James. 

Boss,  David  (or  Bass). 

Bouche,  John. 

Bowman,  Christian. 

Brazer,  Peter. 

Breeden,  Richard. 

Brenton,  Thomas  (or  Benton). 

Bressie,  Richard. 

Brown,  Asher. 

Brown,  Calvin. 

Brown,  John.  _ 

Brown,  Lewis. 

BroAvn,  Low. 

Brush,  Thomas. 

Bulcher,  Gasper  (or  Butcher). 

Burbridge,  John,  died. 

Burbridge,  William,  died. 

Burk,  George. 

Burney,  Simon  (or   Burnley). 

Bush,  John  (or  Brush). 


Bush,  Drewry  (or  Brush). 

Buskey,  Francis. 

Burris,  John. 

Butler,  John. 

Butts,  William  (prisoner). 

Cabbage,   Joseph. 

Cabbassie,  B. 

Calvin,  Daniel. 

Campo,  Lewis. 

Campo,  Michael. 

Chambers,  Ellick. 

Chapman,  Edward. 

Chapman,  Richard. 

Chick,  William,  killed. 

Clark,  John. 

Clairmount,  Michael. 

Cochran,  Edward. 

Cochran,  George. 

Codes,  Andrew. 

Coffee,  Samuel. 

Compera,  Francis. 

Compera,  Lewis. 

Conn,  John. 

Conroy,  Patrick. 

Contraw,  Francis. 

Convance,  Paul. 

Cooper,  Joseph. 

Cooper,  Ramsey. 

Coontz,  Christopher. 

Corder,  James  (or  Cordew.) 

Corneilla,  Patrick. 

Corus,  John  (or  Corns). 

Coste,  J.  B.  De. 

Cowan,  Andrew. 

Cowan,  Mason. 

Cowen,  Dennis. 

Cowdry,  John. 

Cowgill,  Daniel. 

Cox,  James. 

Crane,  John,  St. 


CLARK  S    OFFICERS    AND    PRIVATES 


1063 


Crawlev.  John. 

Cure,  Jean  Baptist. 

Damcwood,  Boston. 

Dardy,  Baptiste. 

Dardy,  John. 

Darnell  Cornelius. 

Davis,  Joseph. 

Day,  William. 

Dean,  James,  died. 

Decrand,  P. 

Denerchelle,  Lewis  (or  Druie- 

chelle). 
Detering,  Jacob. 
Doherty,  Edward. 
Doherty,  Frederick. 
Doherty,  John. 
Dolphin,  Peter. 
Doud,  Rodger. 
Donovan,  John. 
Donow,  Joseph. 
Doyle,  John. 
Dulhoneau.  Pierre. 
Duncan,  Archibald. 
Duncan,  Benjamin. 
Duncan,  Charles. 
Duncan,  David. 
Duncan,  Joseph. 
Duncan,  Nimrod. 
Duncan,  Samuel. 
Durrett,  James. 
Durrett,  William. 
Dusablong,  B. 
Duselle,  Mons. 
Eastis,  James. 
English,  Robert. 
Evans,  Stanhope. 
Fache,  Lewis  (or  Foche). 
Field,  Daniel,  died. 
Farers,  John. 
Field,  Lewis,  prisoner. 


Foster,  Hcnr\-. 

Freeman,  Peter. 

Gagnia,  Jacque. 

Gains,  William  (or  Garner). 

Gains,  John. 

Gallagan,  Owen. 

Garuldon,  Baptist  (or  Gauch- 

don). 
George,  John. 
Germain,  J.  B. 
Gibbons,  Samuel. 
Guion,  S.  Frederick. 
Gognia,  Pierre. 
Gomier,  Abraham  (or  Gaunia) 
Goodwin,  Amos. 
Goodwin,  Ed\-\ard. 
Gordon,   John. 
Graham,  James. 
Gratiol,  Jean  (or  Gratiott). 
Green,  James,  died. 
Greenwood,  Daniel. 
Grolet,  Francis.  Sen. 
Grolet,  Francis,  Jr. 
Grimshire,  John. 
Guess,  John  (or  Gist). 
Hall,  William. 
Hart,  IMiles. 
Hawley,  Richard. 
Hays,  James. 
Head,  James. 
Hendrix,    jVndrew. 
Heyworth,     Berry     ( or     Hey- 

wood). 
Hicks,  Mordica,  died. 
Hico,  Peter,  Sen. 
Hico,  Peter,  Jr. 
Hildebrand,  James. 
Hite,  George. 
Hobbs,  James. 
Holler,  Francis. 


1064 


NOT  ALLOTTED  LAND  IN  CLARK  S  GRANT. 


Hollis,  Joshua. 

Horn,  Christopher. 

Horn,  Jeremiah. 

Horton,  Adin  (or  Aaron). 

Houndsler,  Charles. 

Howell,  Peter. 

Howell,  William. 

Huffman,  Jacob. 

Irby,  David. 

Jewell,  Charles. 

Jewell,  John. 

Jones,  Edward. 

Johnston,  Samuel. 

Kemp,  Reaben. 

Kennedy,  David. 

Kerr,  William. 

Kidd,  Robert. 

Kina,  Christopher. 

Kincade,  James. 

King,  George. 

King,  Nicholas. 

Kirk,  Thomas. 

Kirkley,  James. 

La  Belle,  Charles. 

La  Casse,   Jacque. 

Lafaro,  Francis. 

Lafaston,  Francis. 

Laform,  John. 

Lafour,  Pierre  (orLaflour). 

Lamarch,  Beauvard. 

Lamarch,  J.  B. 

Lamarch,  Lewis. 

La  Paint,  Lewis. 

Larose,  Francis. 

Lasant,  Joseph. 

Lasley,  John. 

Laubrau, ■ — . 

Laughlin,  Peter. 
Lavigm,  Joseph. 
Laviolette.  Baptist. 


Laviolette,  Louis. 
L'Enfant,  Francis. 
Lenay,  John. 
Lenay,  Thomas,  killed. 
Lewis,  Benjamin. 
Lewis,  James. 
Lockhart,  Archibald. 
Logan,  Hugh. 
Long,  William. 
Lunsford,  Anthony. 
Lyon,  Jacob. 
McClain,  Thomas. 
McClure,  Patrick. 
McDaniel,  Thomas. 
McDonald,  James. 
McDonald,  Thomas. 
McGuire,  John. 
Mcintosh,  James. 
McKin,   James. 
McKinney,  John. 
McLockland,  Charles. 
McMichaels,  John. 
McMickle,  John. 
McMullen,  James. 
McQuiddy,  Thomas. 
Maid,  Ebenezer,  killed. 
Mailone,  J.  B. 
Maisonville,  Mons.,  De. 
Malbeff,  Joseph. 
Malbroff,  Joseph. 
Marsh,  John. 
Marshall,  William. 
Martin,  Elijah. 
Martin,  Joseph. 
Martin,  Pierre. 
Martin,  Solorhon. 
Maurisette,  M. 
Mayfield,  Elijah. 
Mayfield,  Isaac. 
Mayfield,   James. 


CI.ARK  S    OFFICERS    AND    PRIVATES 


1065 


Meadows,   T'>^i'ih- 
Miller,  John. 

Milton,  Daniel    (or  Wilton.  ) 
Missie,  Bernard. 
jNIontgomerv,  Edward. 
^Montgomery,  William. 
Moran,  Peter  (or  Mauron). 
:^Ionet,  J.  B. 
Morris,  Jacob. 
Morris,  James,  died. 
Morris,  William. 
JMumnailly,   Joseph. 
Munrony,  Sylvester. 
Munam,  Joseph. 

ISIustache,  . 

Nave,  Conrad  (or  Nan). 

Nash,  Francis. 

Neal,  John. 

Nelson,  John. 

Nelson,  Moses. 

Nobbs,  Mark. 

Oates,  Samuel. 

O'Fin,  James. 

Oliver,  John. 

Oliver,  Lewis. 

Oliver,  Turner. 

Owdidd,  Lewis  (or  Ordett). 

Paguin,  Francis. 

Parault,  Peter. 

Parisiewne,  Baptist. 

Patterson,  John. 

Patterson,  William. 

Panther,  Joseph. 

Payne,  Adam. 

Payne,  William. 

Pellet,  Charles. 

Penett,  Joshua,  or  M.  Peepin. 

Peltier,  Joseph. 

Pepin,  John,  killed. 

Philips,  Henry. 


Porter,  Ebenezer. 

Potter,  James. 

Potter,  William. 

Powell,  Micajah. 

Puncrass,  Francis. 

Puncrass,  Joseph. 

Rabey,  Cader. 

Randall,  Robert. 

Richards,  Dick. 

Riley,  Patrick. 

Rubido,  James  (orRubideau). 

Ruschan,  Francis. 

Russell,  Benjamin. 

Rutherford,  Larkin. 

Roberts,  Elias. 

Roberts,  Joseph. 

Robinson,  Richard. 

Rodgers,  Joseph. 

Savage,  Bryan. 

Savage,  Dominick. 

Scates,  David. 

Searay,  John  (or  Searcy). 

Seare,  William. 

Sennilt,  Richard. 

Severage,  John   (or  Severns). 

Shannon,  William. 

Shank,  Jacob. 

Shank,  John. 

Sharlock,  James  (or  Sherlock). 

Shoemaker,  Leonard. 

Ship,  William. 

Siburn,  Christopher. 

Sigonier,  Francis. 

Slaughter,  George 

Smith,  David. 

Smith,  Joseph. 

Smith,  Randal. 

Smithers,  John  (or  Smothers). 

Smock,  Henry. 

Snellock,  Thomas. 


io66 


NOT    ALLOTTED    LAND    IN    CLARK  S    GRANT. 


Sowers,  Frederick. 
Spencer,  John. 
St.  ^lary,  Baptiste. 
St.  Michaels,  


Sti)lia]l,  Thomas. 
Taylor,  Benjamin. 
Ta\lor,  Edward. 
Taylor,   janies. 
Taylor,  Thomas. 
Teliaferro,  Richard  C. 
Thomas.  Edward. 
Thompson,  James. 
Thorinigton,  Joseph. 
Tillis,  Griffin. 
Toley,  Daniel. 
Tranthan,  Martin. 
Triplett,  Pettis, 
Turpcn,  Richard,  killed. 
Tuttle,  Nicholas. 
Underbill,  James. 
Veale,  Peter. 
Villard,  Isaac. 
Vonshiner,  Thomas. 
W'addengton,  John. 
NVaggoner,  Peter,  died. 
Wallace,  David. 
Walters,  Lewis. 
Ward,  Thomas. 
Ward,  Lewis. 
Wemate,  J.  B. 
\\'est,  John. 
Wethers,  Benjamin. 
^Vheat,  Jacob. 
^\^leel,  Jacob. 
Wheeler,  John. 
Whitacre.  David. 
White,  ^\'illiam. 
Whitten,  Daniel. 


Wilkinson,  William. 
Williams,   George. 
Williams,  Zachariah. 
Wilton,  Daniel. 
Winsor,  Christopher. 
Wood,  Charles. 
Wrav,  Thomas. 
Wright,  William  (or  Weight). 
Zimmerman,  Frederick. 


OFFICERS     OF     CROCK- 
ETT'S REGIMENT. 


LIEUTENANT-COLONEL. 

Crockett,  Joseph. 

MAJOR. 

Walz,  George. 

SURGEON. 

Greer,  Charles. 

CAPTAINS. 

Chapman,  John,  killed. 
Cherry,  William. 
Curney,  John. 
Kinley,  Benjamin,  died. 
Moore,   Peter. 
Tipton,  Abraham. 
Young,  Thomas. 


Daring,  Henry. 
Green,  Samuel  Ball, 
McGovock,  Hugh. 


CLARK  S    OFFICERS    AND    PRIVATES. 


1067 


It  has  already  been  stated  in  the  body  of  this  work  that  the  list 
therein  given  of  ofKcers  and  soldiers  who  ^\•cre  allotted  lands  in  Clark's 
Grant,  for  service  in  reducing  the  British  posts,  is  believed  to  be 
correct,  but  that  no  such  claim  for  accuracy  is  made  for  the  list  of 
those  who  served  in  other  campaigns  and  were  not  allotted  lands  in 
Clark's  Grant.  In  fact,  taking  into  consideration  the  number  of 
General  Clark's  campaigns  against  the  Indians  and  the  number  of 
men  who  participated  in  them,  it  is  very  probable  that  the  names  of 
some  of  them  are  not  in  the  above  list.  Of  this  class  may  be  given 
the  following  names  mentioned  in  Reynold'^-  Pioneer  History  of  Illi- 
nois as  having  served  under  George  Rogers  Clark : 


Atcheson,  George. 
Biggs,  William. 

Dodge,  . 

Garrison,  James. 

Groots,  ■ . 

Jarrot,  Nicholas. 


IMcDonough,  Stace. 
Moore,  James. 
Piggoti  James. 
Seybold,  Robert. 
Wadde,  David. 


68 


ALLOTMENT  OF  LANDS  IN  CLARK'S  GRANT. 


COPY  OF  THE  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  COMMISSION  FOR  y\D- 
JUSTING  THE  CLAIMS  OF  THE  OFFICERS  AND  SOLDIERS  OF 
THE  ILLINOIS  REGIMENT  TO  THE  LANDS  GIVEN  THEM  UN- 
DER A  RESOLUTION  OF  JANUARY  2,  17S1,  AGREEABLE  TO 
ACT  OF  ASSEMBLY  PASSED  OCTOBER  SESSION,  17S3,  BY 
THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  VIRGINIA. 

Louisville,  Aug.  3,  17S4. 
Commissioners  met    according  to   adjournment.      Present — Walker 
Daniel,  George   R.  Glark,    John   Montgomery,   John  Bailey,   Robert 
Todd   and  William   Clarke,  Gent.      Commissioners  ordered  that  the 
board  adjourn  till  to-morrow  morning. 

(Signed)  W.  Daniels,  Chairman. 

Aug.  3d.  The  board  met  according  to  adjournment.  Present — 
the  same  members  as  yesterday,  and  also  Ab.  Chapline,  Gent. 

On  motion  the  board  came  to  the  following  resolutions  :  That  all 
officers  and  soldiers  who  marched  and  continued  in  service  till  the  re- 
duction of  the  British  posts  on  the  northwest  side  of  the  Ohio,  that 
all  who  engaged  and  enlisted  in  the  Illinois  regiment  afterward  and 
served  during  the  war,  or  three  years,  are  entitled  to  a  share  of  the 
grant  under  the  resolution  and  act  of  assembly,  and  that  those  sol- 
diers who  ha^e  enlisted  in  said  regiment  since  the  2d  day  of  January, 
1 78 1,  j'or  three  years,  or  during  the  -war,  are  not  entitled,  as  there 
seems  to  be  no  provisions  made  under  the  resolution  for  those  who 
should  thereafter  be   incorporated  in  the  said  regiment ;    that  the  offi- 

(1068) 


ALLOTMENT  OF  LANDS  IN  CLARK  S  GRANT. 


1069 


ccrs  of  the  regiment  are  entitled  to  a  share  of  the  hmcl  in  proportion 
to  the  commissions  they  re.specti^■ely  held  on  the  said  2(1  day  of  Janu- 
ar^^  17S1,  and  not  in  proportion  to  the  cominissions  they  have  since 
held  in  consequence  of  promotions,  and  that,  therefore,  officers  com- 
missioned since  that  period  are  not  entitled  at  all ;  and  that  those  sol- 
diers who  enlisted  to  serve  twelve  months  after  their  arrival  at  Kas- 
kaskia,  agreeable  to  an  act  of  assembly  of  the  fall  session,  177S,  for 
the  protection  and  defense  of  the  Illinois  county,  who  did  not  re-enlist 
in  the  regiment,  are  not  included  in  said  resolution  ;  that  those  officers 
who  were  commissioned  under  said  act  and  resigned  before  the  ex- 
piration of  the  twelve  months  are  not  entitled  ;  last,  that  those  who 
continued  during  the  year  and  then  retired,  not  having  a  command, 
are  entitled.      Adjourned. 

Aug.  4th.      The  same  members  as  yesterday. 

The  following  claims  were  taken  up  and  allowed  and  disallowed  as 
they  are  marked,  to  wit:* 


*Geo.  R.    Clark,  Brig.  Gen. 
*John  Montgomery,  Lt.-Colo. 
*Joseph  Bowman,  jNIajor. 
*Thomas  Quick,  Major. 
*\Valker  Daniels,  Major. 

James  Shelby,  Capt. 

John  Bailey,  Capt. 

Rich'd  Brashear,  Capt. 

Rob't  George,  Capt. 

Rich'd  McCarty,  Capt. 
'-Abraham  Kellar,  Capt. 
*Edw'd  Worthington,  Capt. 
"*\Vm.  Harrod,  Capt. 

Wm.  Lynn,  not  allowed. 
*Isaac  Ruddle,  same. 
*Levi  Todd,  Lieutenant. 
*Jas.  Davis,  Lieut. 


John  Swan,  Lt. 
*Henry  Floyd,  Lt. 
*Rich'd  Harrison,  Lt. 
*Jas.  Robertson,  Lt. 
*Abraham  Chapline,  Lt. 
*John  Perault,  Lt. 
*Michael  Perault,  Lt. 
*Jos.  Calvert.  Lt. 

Jas.  Montgomery,  Lt. 
*Isaac  Bowman,  Lt. 
*Jarrott  Williams,  Lt. 
•*Rich'd  Clark,  Lt. 
*Wm.  Clark,  Lt. 
*Thos.  Wilson,   Lt. 
*Val.  Dalton,  Lt. 
*Jacob  Vanmeter,  Ens. 
*Lawson  Slaugter,  Ens. 


*Those  marked  with  an  asterisk  (*)  were  allowed,  but  subsequent  proceed- 
ings of  the  board  show  that  the  action  at  this  ineeting  as  to  the  allowance  of 
claims  was  not  final. 


lO/O 


ALI.OTiMENT    OF    LANDS    IN    CLARK  S    GRANT. 


Isaac  Kcllar. 
'"Andrew  Clark,  sol'd. 
*\Vm.  \\'hitehead,  do. 

Rob't  Whitehead,  do. 

Boston  Damewood,  not  all'd. 

Wm.  Crosby,  same. 
*Peter  Newton,  sol'd. 

Nich's  Tuttle,  not  allow'd. 

*  John  Grimes,  sol'd. 
Francis  Grolet,  not  al. 
Francis  Grolet,  Jr.,  not  al. 
Hugh  Logan,  same. 
John  Dodge,  same. 
Isreal  Dodge,  same. 

*John  \"aughn,  Sergt. 
*Ber  Trent,  do. 

John  Tewell,  not  al. 
*Le\i  Teall,  soldier. 
*Francis  Godfrey,  do. 

IMat  Brock,  not  all'd. 
*Edw'd  Murray,  sold. 

Jas.  Jerrald,  not  all'd. 

Francis  Hardin,  same. 

Larkin  Ballink,  do. 

Wm.  Kerr,  do. 
*Henry  Dewitt,  vSergt. 
*\Vm.  Crump,  do. 
*John  Moore,  do. 
*Ed\v'd  Johnston,  sold. 

Ch's  Evans,  do. 

Geo.  Halt,  not  allowed. 

And  Ray,  same. 

Val  Dalton,    not   all'd   as   an 
adj't. 

Jas.  Sherlock,  not  all'd. 

John  Dougherty,  do. 

Ch's  iMcLocklin,  do. 

*  Jessie  Finer,  sold. 
*Jas.  Brown,  Sergt. 
*Wm.  Elms,  do. 


*Joseph  Ross,  sold. 

*Chs.  Ormsley,  do. 

*Jas.  Hillebrand  or  Dawson,  do 

*Jas.  Elms,  do. 

*Dan  Tj'gert,  do. 

Rich'd  Breeden,  not  al. 
*yohn  Cowan,  sold. 
*Wm.  Pritchett,  Sergt. 
*Wm.  Purcell,  sold. 
*Pet  Priest,  do. 
*Geo.  Veuchionn,  do. 
*And.  Conore,  do. 
*Josiah  Prewit,  do. 
*Buckner  Pitman,  Sergt. 
*Ab.  Miller,  sold. 
*Nat  Jones,  do. 

Christo  Coontes.  not  al'd. 
*Isham  Floyd,  sold. 

John  Lines,  soldier. 

Sam  Blackford,  do. 

Laton  White,  do. 

Abraham  Lusado,  do. 

Win.  Ray,  do. 

Jas.  Harris,  do. 

Thurman  Consuly,  do. 

John  Duff,  do. 

Jas.  Curry,  do. 

Shep.  Stephens,   do. 

Ebend.  Bowen,  not  all'd. 

Wm.  Swan,  sold. 

Simon  Kenton,  do. 

John  Saunders,  do. 

Geo.  Clark,  do. 

Wm.  Whitley,  do. 

Da^■id  Glenn,  do. 

Silas  Harlin,  do. 

John  vSeverns,  do. 

Ebenezer  Severns,  do. 

Wm.  Oreer,  do. 

Jas.  Inley,  Sergt. 


ALLOTMENT    OK    LAND    IN    CLARK's    GI^vVNT. 


1071 


Dan  Durst,  not  all'd. 
^^'m.  Riibcv,  Sergt. 
Pat  Doran,  sold. 
Wm.  Greathouse,  do. 
Chas.  Bilterback,  do. 
Robt.  Patterson,  Sergt. 
Tilman  Camper,  sold. 
Jas.  Monroe,  do. 
Chas.  Jones,  do. 
Benj.  Kendall,  do. 
Robt.  GaiTott,  do. 
John  Oreer,  Sergt. 
Dan  Oreer,  sold. 
Jesse  Oreer,  do. 
Sam  Humphries,  do. 
Eben  Mead,  not  all'd. 
Dorn  Flanaghan,  sold. 
Jonas  ^leniper,  do. 
John  Talley,  do. 
Dan  Tally,  not  all'd. 
Wm.  Tackledge,  sold. 
Jas.  Kincaid,  not  all'd. 
John  Sartine,  sold. 
*Henry  French,  not  all'd. 
Peter  Locklin,  do. 
John  McGuire,  do. 
John  Leslie,  do. 
Lough  Brown,  do. 
Hugh  Logan,  do. 
David  Bailey,  sold. 
Sam  Butcher,  not  all'd. 
Isaac  Henry,  sold. 
Henry  Hatton,  not  all'd. 
John  Isaac,  sold. 
Jas.  Finn,  sold. 
Wm.  Chapman,  do. 
David  Rodgers,  not  all'd. 
Sam  Byrd,  do. 
Jas.  Bigger,  sold. 
Jas.  McKinne,  not  all'd. 


Gasper  Butcher,  do. 

Step  Ray,  do. 

Cornelius  Copland,  sold. 

Wm.  Shannon's  pet.  icjccted, 

Benj.  Lynn,  not   all'd. 

Sam  Moore,  same. 

Henry  Honacker,  sold. 

P.  Honacker,  do. 

Hanley  Vance,  do. 

John  Williams,  Capt. 

Geo.  Walls,  not  allowed. 
*Rob't  Todd,  Capt. 

Lcon'd  Helms,  Capt. 

Isaac  Taylor,  same. 

Jesse  Evans,  not  allovi'ed. 
*John  Rodgers,  Capt. 
*Jas.  Merriwcather,  Lt. 
*John  Thruston,  Cornet. 
*John  Joines,  soldier. 
*Jas  Baxter,   sol'd. 
*John  Johnson,  do. 
*W"m.  Bell,  do. 
*Rich'd  Lovcll,  do. 
*Sam  Watkins,  do. 

Lewis  Gaynice,  do. 
John  Lemon,  do. 

Thos.  Gaskins,  do. 
Moses  Lunsford,  do. 
Wm.  Smith,  do. 
*Mich.  Millar,  not  all'd. 
*Rob't  Witt,  soldiers. 
*Nich*s  Burk,  do. 
*Wm.  Bush,  do. 
*Micajah  jSIayfield,  do. 
*Thos.  Hooper,  do. 
*John  Montgomery. 
*Francis  McDermed,  sol'd. 
*Edw'd  Parker,  Sergeant. 
*Pet  Shepherd,  soldier. 
*Wm.  Thompson,  do. 


ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARK  S    GRANT. 


""Geo.  Shepherd,   do. 
■■■'Randall  ^^'hite,  do. 

Geo.  Lunsford,  do. 

Mason  Lunsford,  do. 
■■'Isaac  Yates,  soldier. 
*Geo.  Livingston,  same. 
'-"Reuben  Camp,  do. 
"■■"John  Pulford,  do. 
*Jas.  Bryant,  do. 
*Page  Sartia,  do. 
*John  Nelson,  not  allowed. 

Enoch  Nelson,  sol'd. 
*  Jonathan  S\vorden,  do. 


'"William  Rullison,  do. 
*Christ.  Hatten,  do. 

James  Dean,  not  all'd. 
*Geo.  Gilmore,  sol'd. 

Lewis  Brown,  not  all'd. 
*|os.  Thornton,  sold. 
*Daniel  Williams,  do. 
*David  Allen,  do. 

Moses  Nelson,  not  all'd. 
Aug.  5th. 
*Dennis  Cockran,  sold. 

David  Jones,  subst.  for    John 
Nelson. 


Commissioners  of   military  stores  and  of   provisions  not  allowed. 
Martin  Carney,  not  allowed  as  a  Lt.  nor  as  a  ^^'.  Master. 


■'John  McGar,  sold. 
*John  Oakley,  do. 
'•"John  Haiken,  do. 

Jas.  Ramsey,  do. 

John  Leverege,  not  all'd. 


Armd  Dudley,  sold. 
Edw'd  Mathews,  not  all'd. 
Chas.  Morgan,  do. 
Wm.  Freeman,  sold. 
John  Ash,  do. 


Those   Continentals  who   came  up  v\'ith   Captain  George  and  nc\er 
re-enlisted  in  the  Illinois  Reg't  are  not  allowed. 


John   Williams,  Sergt. 
Thos.  Moore,  sold. 
John  Moore,  do. 
W'm.  Tyler,  do. 
James  Lj'nes,  do. 
John  Greene,  do. 
^Vm.  !Mvers,  do. 
John  Paul,  do. 
John  Llughes,  do. 
Isaac  Vanmetere,  do. 
Andrew  House,  do. 
Ebenezer  Osbourne,  do. 
Thos.  Batten,  do. 
Stephen  Frost,  do. 


Van  Swearenger,  do. 
Jas.  January,  soldier. 
Jas.  McNutt,  do. 
Geo.  Grey,  do. 
Elisha  Bethey,  do. 
Rich'd  Reu,  not  all'd. 
Arthur  Lindsey,  sold. 
Sam  McMullen,  do. 
Edw'd  Wilson,  do. 
Sam  Stroud,  Sergt. 
Barney  Watem,  sold. 
Henry  Funk,  do. 
Jacob  Coger,  do. 
Peter  Coger,  do. 


ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARk's    GRANT. 


373 


Jas.  Bentley,  do. 
John  Bently,  do. 
Edw'd  Fear,  do. 
Wm.  Slack,  do. 
Asael  Davis,  do. 
John  Boyles,  do. 
Jos.  Ramsey,  do. 
Thos.  Clifton,  do. 
*Israel  Dodge,  not  all'd. 
Rich'd  Lutterell,  sold. 
Wm.  Crosley,  soldier. 
Jas.  Wood,  do. 
Jas.  Holms,  do. 
Jos.  Anderson,  do. 
JMoscs  Camper,  do. 
Isaac  FaiTis,  sold. 
John  Henr)',  do. 
Hugh  Henrv,  do. 
David  Henry,  do. 
Edw'd  Bulger,  do. 
Ab.  James,  do. 
Henry  Prather,  do. 
Jacob  Spear,  do. 


Ab.  Taylor,  do. 

Sam  Bell,  do. 

Mos.  Nelson,  not  all'd. 

Edw'd  Taylor,  do. 

Jas.  Whitecotton,  sold. 

Christo.  Horn,  not  al'd. 

Rich'd  Sinnett,  do. 

Xoah  Craine,  sold. 

Geo.  Campbell,  not  al'd. 

Sam  Pickens,  sold. 

John  Peartree,  do. 

John  Read,  not  al'd. 

Chas.  Margan,  do. 

Wm.  Ruby,  Jun.,  do.  all'd. 

Corn  Ruddle,  do. 

Pleast.  Lockhart,  do. 

Josiah  Phelps,  do. 

Wm.  Buckle\',  do. 

Wm.  B.  Smith,  not  al'd. 

Turner  Oliver,  do. 

Dan  Whitten,  do. 

Jos.  Henter's  pet.  rejected. 


Capt.  Rodgers   has  the   list  of  his  sergeants   and  soldiers  and  will 
ghe  a  copy. 

Soldiers  during-  the   war  entitled  to  a  double  share  Aug.  6th. 


The  commissioners  direct  certificates  to  be  issued  in  the  following 
mode,  to  wit:  To  a  brigadier-general,  7,500;  to  a  lieutenant-colonel. 
4,500;  to  a  major,  4,000;  to  a  captain,  3,000;  to  a  subaltern,  2,000; 
to  a  sergeant,  200,  and  to  a  private,  100  acres  of  land,  which,  on  a 
calculation,  is  supposed  to  leave  19,500  acres  of  land  as  a  residuum, 
subject  to  be  granted  to  future  claimants  that  shall  appear  entitled  and 
to  have  labored  under  legal  disability  to  have  brought  in  their  claims 
and  to  the  further  directions  of  the  commissioners,  and  in  case  of  a 
future  division  among  the  claimants  the  lands  are  to  be  apportioned 
according  to  the  preceding  regulations.      The  agent  is  ordered  to  make 


I074 

out  certificates,  etc.,  to  be  signed  by  the  chairman,  delivered  to  the 
surveyor,  who  is  to  advertise  and  distribute  them  among  those  enti- 
tled, taking  a  receipt  therefor,  and  receiving  a  dollar  per  hundred 
acres. 

Aug.  7th.  The  surveyor  is  directed  to  deliver  the  certificates  of 
claiin  to  the  persons  entitled,  but  if  a  purchaser  produces  an  assign- 
ment or  obligation  for  the  conveyance,  he  is  directed  to  deliver  the 
certificates  to  such  purchaser,  taking  his  receipt  therefor. 

Ordered,  that  John  Campbell,  George  R.  Clark,  John  Bailey,  or 
anv  two,  with  the  survevor,  fix  on  the  most  convenient  place  in  the 
grant  for  the  town  and  lay  off  the  1,000  acres  appropriated  for  the 
purpose,  and  also  draw  up  and  report  a  plan  for  the  same. 

Leave  is  given  General  Clark  to  erect  the  mill  he  is  now  building 
on  a  branch  above  the  lots  already  laid  off  in  Clarksville,  and,  if  com- 
pleted and  of  public  utility,  the  right  of  the  soil  to  so  much  land  as 
shall  be  deemed  sufficient  for  the  water  shall  be  confided  to  him. 

The  twelve  lots  already  occupied  shall  be  confirmed  to  the  claim- 
ants upon  their  building  houses,  actually  residing  themselves  on  the  lots 
for  twelve  months,  or  settling  others  thereon,  and  complying  with  the 
directions  of  the  act  for  saving  the  lots  in  Clarksville,  agreeable  to  a 
promise  of  a  majority  of  the  commissioners  heretofore  made,  and 
twelve  other  lots  to  be  laid  off  adjoining  and  back  of  those  already 
laid  off  shall  be  appropriated  in  the  same  manner,  provided  they  are 
settled  in  two  months  from  this  date. 

On  reconsidering  Martin  Darney's  claim,  it  is  the  opinion  of  the 
board  that  he  is  entitled  to  a  lieutenant's  quota  in  the  Illinois  Grant. 
Pat  Kennedy's  petition  rejected. 

Adjourned  to  the  first  Monday  in  October  next. 

Signed,  by  order  of  the  board. 

Walker  Daniel,  Chairman. 

Louisville,  Aug.  7,  1784: 

A  copy,  but  not  examined. 

Test:      W.  Daniels. 


ALLOTAIENT    OF    J.ANU    IN    CI.ARK  S    GRAN'J'.  1075 


LoUIS\'ILLK,    Aut^USt    16,    1784. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  in  consequence  of  the  death  of 
Mr.  Walker  Daniels,  Gent.,  present — John  Campbell,  G.  R.  Clark, 
John  JSIontgomery,  John  Bailey,  Ab.  Chapline  and  ^V.  Clark,  Gent., 
commissioners. 

Ordered  that, 

Whereas,  The  original  proceedings  of  the  board  being  lost  when 
'Sir.  Walker  Daniel  was  killed,  the  foregoing  copy  to  be  ratified  and 
confirmed;  but,  if  the  original  should  be  obtained,  then  they  are  to 
be  in  force. 

Ordered,  that  General  Clark  make  out  and  sign  certificates  and  de- 
liver them  to  the  surveyor,  who  is  to  distribute  them  according  to  the 
former  resolutions.  The  board  proceeded  to  the  election  of  another 
commissioner  in  the  room  of  I\fr.  W.  Daniel,  when  Wm.  Croghan, 
Gent.,  was  elected. 

Resolved.,  That  General  Clark  take  into  his  care  the  proceedings 
and  other  papers  belonging  to  the  commissioners,  and  them  safely 
keep  for  the  use  of  the  parties  concerned. 

Adjourned  till  the  first  Monday  in  October  next,  unless  the  chair- 
man shall  find  it  necessary  to  call  a  meeting  sooner. 

John  Campbell,  Chairman. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioner  for  appointing  the 
lands  granted  to  the  Illinois  regiment,  etc.,  at  Louisville,  July  6, 
17S5,  present,  John  Edwards,  John  Campbell,  Abraham  Chapline, 
John  Bailey,  Robert  Todd  and  William  Clark,  commissioners.  Cap- 
tain Rodgers  produced  a  list  of  his  company,  \\-hich  had  before  been 
allowed  their  claims  by  a  board  that  sat  in  August  last,  but  their 
names  had  been  lost  or  mislaid,  which  said  claims  are  confirmed  by 
the  present  board:  William  Merriwcather,  sergeant,  Thomas  Key, 
sergeant;  Geo.  Key,  Geo.  Snow,  David  Pagan,  Henry  Blankenship, 
Dominack  Welsh,  Gasper  Galer,  Robert  Barnet,  Frank  Spilman, 
James  Spilman,  Travis  Booton,  William  Booton,  Wm.  Leare,  Will- 
iam  Kendall,  William  Froggart,  William   Givin,  William  Goodwin, 


1076 

John  Campbell,  Charles  Martin,  Barne}'  Higgins,  Fred  Doharty, 
Nathaniel  ISIershon,  David  jSIcDonald,  James  Hammit,  John  Jones, 
John  Murphy,  Michael  Glass,  Michael  Oharow,  Rice  Curtis  and 
Geo.  Smith,  soldiers. 

On  motion  made  in  behalf  of  Thomas  Hays,  the  board  think  him 
entitled  to  a  soldier's  part  of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant.  Also  Francis 
Hardin,  also  Patrick  Marr,  also  Charles  Morgan  as  a  sergeant,  also 
John  Setzer  and  jMichael  Setzer  as  soldiers. 

Adjourned  till  to-morrow  morning. 

John  Edwards,  Chairman. 

July  7,  1785-  The  board  met  according  to  adjournment.  Mem- 
bers the  same  as  yesterday.  The  board  entered  into  the  following 
resolutions : 

That  a  majority  of  the  surviving  commissioners  mentioned  in  the 
act  should,  at  any  tirne,  compose  a  board  and  do  business. 

On  motion  made  in  behalf  of  Michael  Miles,  are  of  opinion  that 
he  is  entitled  to  a  sergeant's  quota  of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant.  On 
motion  made,  the  board  came  to  the  following  resolution: 

That  the  lots  be  drawn  in  the  name  of  the  assignee  as  far  as  they 
can  be  known  and  made  appear,  but  when  doubt  arises,  they  may  be 
classed  according  to  the  request  of  those  who  claim  by  assignment 
and  drawn  in  the  name  of  the  original  proprietor. 

On  motion  made  in  behalf  of  the  heirs  of  Major  William  Lynn, 
deceased,  who  marched  to  the  Illinois  under  Colonel  Geo.  R.  Clark, 
and  acted  as  a  major  at  the  reduction  of  the  posts  therein. 

Resolved^  That  the  heirs  of  the  soldier  William  Lj-nn,  deceased, 
be  entitled  to  receive  a  major's  quota  of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant. 

Adjourned  till  to-morrow  morning. 

John  Edwards,  Chairman. 

July  S,  1785.  The  board  met  according  to  adjournment.  Mem- 
bers the  same  as  yesterday.  On  motion  made,  the  board  came  to  the 
following  resolution : 

That  they  have  no  power  to  decide  in  any  matter  of  controversy 
between  claimants  claiming  as  heirs  at  law. 


ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLy\Rk's    GRANT.  1077 


Jicso/fi\/,  This  board  have  a  right  to  judge  and  determine  to  whom 
the}'  shall  grant  a  deed  when  two  or  more  persons  claim  the  same  by 
assignment  or  conveyance  from  the  original  proprietor. 

Resolved,  That  this  board  \\ill  not  proceed  in  such  judgment  and 
determination  in  the  absence  of  the  parties,  unless  it  is  proved  to  them 
thev  ha\e  been  summoned  and  do  not  appear. 

jRcsolvcd,  That  when  any  dispute  between  claimants  should  be  be- 
fore the  board  unfit  for  issue,  for  want  of  necessary  vouchers,  that  the 
preference  in  classing  the  so  disputed  claim  should  be  determined  by 
lot. 

Resolved,  That  Thomas  Walker  be  allowed  a  soldier's  claim  in  the 
Illinois  Grant. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissioners'  certificate  now  produced  to  the 
board  by  assignees  be  returned  to  them,  but  first  marked  in  whose 
name  they  were  classed,  and  in  case  the  assignment  or  assignments 
are  on  the  back  of  the  certificates,  then  to  be  retained  by  the  board 
and  another  given  to  the  last  assignee  expressing  therein  their  origi- 
nal owner  and  every  assignee  named  and  quantity  of  land. 

Adjourned  till  to-morrow.  John  Edwards,  Chairman. 

July  9,  1785.  The  board  met  according  to  adjournment.  jMem- 
bers  present  the  same  as  yesterday. 

A  memorial  of  John  Rodgers,  captain  of  cavalry,  respecting  a 
grant  made  to  Walker  Daniel  bv  a  former  board  as  a  major  to  Illinois 
regiment,  to  which  he  objects,  and  affirms  he,  the  said  Daniel,  had 
no  right  or  pretensions,  having  never  served  in  that  regiment. 

Resolved,  The  consideration  of  the  said  memorial  be  postponed 
till  the  next  meeting  of  the  board,  and  that  a  summons  issue  citing 
Robert  Daniel,  heir  at  law  to  the  said  W'alker,  to  appear  at  that  time. 

Resolved,  That  the  plot  of  the  149,000  acres  of  land  granted  to  the 
Illinois  regiment  be  proved  by  the  oath  of  INIr.  William  Clark,  the 
surveyor,  and  that  it  be  transmitted  to  the  register's  office  in  Rich- 
mond by  Colonel  Richard  Clough  Anderson. 


1078  ALLOT^IENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARK's    GRANT. 


A  draught  'if  a  petition  to  the  assembly  froin  this  board  agreed 
upon  and  ordered  to  be  signed  bv  the  chairman. 

Adjourned  to  the  first  Wednesday-  in  August. 

JoHx  Edu'Ards,  Chairman. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  for  appointing  the 
lands  granted  to  the  Illinois  regiment  at  Louisville,  the  9th  December, 
17S5,  present,  George  R.  Clark,  Ab.  Chapline,  Robert  Todd,  John 
Bailey  and  William  Clark,  commissioners. 

Resolved^  That  the  further  consideration  of  Captain  Rodgers'  me- 
morial respecting  the  claim  of  \^'alker  Daniel,  deceased,  be  postponed 
till  the  next  sitting  of  the  board,  and  that  the  board  now  proceed  to 
draw  the  lottery  for  all  claims  that  appear  reasonable  and  are  allowed. 

Adjourned  till  to-morrow  morning. 

Dec.  10,  17S5.  The  board  met  according  to  adjournment,  mem- 
bers the  same  as  \esterday. 

A  number  of  assignments  and  conveyances  being  produced,  the 
board  proceeded  to  class  them  in  the  name  of  the  assignees  and  direct 
that  title   papers   be  kept  with   the   board. 

Adjourned  till  Monday  next. 

Dec.  1 2th.  The  board  met  according  to  adjournment.  Members 
the  same  as  yesterday.  The  sur\evor  produced  a  general  plat  of  the 
surveys  contained  in  the  I.  grant,  which  was  approved  by  the  com- 
missioners. 

Capt.  Ab.  Hite  and  Mr.  E.  Rodgers,  at  the  request  of  the  board, 
attended  and  drew  the  classes  and  numbers  and  Messrs.  Walter  Davis 
and  William  Croghan  acted  as  clerks  in  taking  down  the  names  of 
the  respective  claimants  and  numbers  they  drew. 

Resolved,  That  the  surveyor  be  directed  to  issue  plats  and  certifi- 
cates of  surveys  to  the  different  claimants  on  their  paying  the  fees  and 
expenses  due  thereon,  as  also  the  dollar  per  hundred  acres  directed  to 
be  paid  by  law,  to  be  appointed  toward  defraying  the  expenses  of  ad- 
justing the  claims,  surveying  and  apportioning  the   grants,  etc. 

Adjourned  till  the  first  Wednesday  in  JKIarch  next. 

G.    R.    Cl.ARK. 


allot:\tent  of  i.an:i  in  clark's  grant.         1079 

Louis\-iLi.E,   13th  December,   1785. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  trustees  for  the  town  of  Clarksvillc,  present, 
General  Clark,  Captain  Chapline,  Captain  Bailey,  Captain  Todd  and 
William  Clark. 

Rcsoh-cd,  That  the  surveyor  be  directed  to  lay  off  forty  lots  in  the 
town  of  Clarksville,  above  Mill  creek,  adjacent  to  those  already  laid 
off  below,  to  be  sold  the  first  Wednesday  in  jNIarch  next,  and  that 
they  be  ad\ertised  in  the  adjacent  counties,  directed  by  law. 

Resolved,  That  all  the  lots  now  occupied  be  confirmed  to  the  claim- 
ants on  their  complying  with  terms  prescribed  by  the  trustees  to  those 
who  took  possession  of   and  settled  on  the  first  lots. 

Resolved,  That  the  lots  to  be  laid  off  be  sold  for  cash  and  that 
William  Clark,  G.  R.  Clark  and  Captain  Chapline,  or  any  two  of 
them,  be  appointed  to  superintend  the  sales,  and  that  the  money  aris- 
ing from  such  sales  be  lodged  in  the  hands  of  W.  Clark,  who  shall  be 
liable  for  the  same  when  called  for  b-\'  the  board. 

The  board  proceeded  to  the  election  of  trustees  in  the  room  of 
Walker  Daniel,  deceased,  and  John  Montgomery,  removed,  when 
William  Croghan   and   Richard  Terrell,    Gent.,  were   elected. 

Adjourned  till  the  first  Wednesday  in  March  next. 

G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  trustees  for  the  town  of  Clarksville  on  Tuesday, 
the  9th  of  May,  17S6,  present,  George  R.  Clark,  Ah.  Chapline, 
William  Clark,  William  Croghan  and  Richard  Terrell,  Gent. 

Resolved,  That  a  further  sale  of  lots  in  the  town  of  Clarksville  be 
held  in  said  town  the  first  Tuesday  in  August  next,  for  cash,  and  that 
the  sale  be  immediately  advertised  in  the  adjacent  counties  by  the 
chairman. 

Adjourned  till  the  first  Tuesday  in  August  next. 

G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  for  apportioning  the  lands 
granted  to  the  Illinois  regiment,  etc.,  at  Louisville,  the  5th  day  of 
September,    1787,    present,    John  Campbell,    George   Rogers   Clark, 


loSo  ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARK'S    GRANT. 

Richard  Ta}'lor,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  William  Croghan,  Andrew 
Heth  and  William  Clark,  Gent.,  commissioners. 

Resolved,  That  two  meetings  of  the  board  be  held  at  this  place  for 
the  purpose  of  receiving  and  determining  on  such  claims  as  have  not 
yet  been  given  in  agreeable  to  the  direction  of  an  act  of  last  session  of 
assembly  ;  the  first  of  said  meetings  to  be  the  second  ^Monday  in  Oc- 
tober and  next,  and  the  other  the  31st  day  of  December  following, 
being  the  last  day  fixed  by  law  for  receiving  claims,  and  that  a  copy 
of  this  resolution  be  ad-\'ertised  in  the  "Kentucky  Gazette"  for  three 
weeks  successively. 

Adjourned  till  the  second  Monday  in  October  next. 

JoHX  Campbell,   Chairman. 

Monday,  Sth  of  October,  1787.  The  following  members  of  the 
commissioners  met  according  to  adjournment,  viz.  .  G.  R.  Clark, 
^^'illiam  Clark  and  Williain  Croghan,  and  adjourned  till  to-morrow- 
morning.  G.   R.   Clark. 

Louisville,  9th  October,  17S7. 
The  following  members  of  the  commission   inet   according   to  ad- 
journment, viz.  :      John  Campbell,  William   Clark,   Richard   Taylor, 
William  Croghan,  and  adjourned  till  to-morrow,  twelve  o'clock. 

John  Campbell. 

Wednesday,  October  loth.  The  board  met  according  to  adjourn- 
ment;  present,  John  Campbell,  George  R.  Clark,  Richard  Taylor, 
James  F.  Moore,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  William  Croghan,  Rob- 
ert Breckenridge  and  William  Clark,  Gent.,  commissioners. 

Resolved,  That  the  officers  and  soldiers  who  were  left  at  the  falls 
by  order  of  Colonel  Clark,  when  the  detachment  were  going  against 
the  Illinois,  be  allowed  quota  of  land  in  the  grant. 

James  Sherlock's  claim  disallo^ved.  Alexander  Mclntire  allowed 
as  a  private.  Isaac  Riddle  (^Ruddle)  allowed  as  a  captain.  William 
Foster  and  Samuel  Finly  allowed  as  privates;  also  James  Fatton, 
Richard   Chenoweth   and    Xeal    Doherty    and  Isaac   McBride. 

Adjourned  till  the  31st  of  December  next.  John  Campbell. 


loSi 


Vt  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  for  apportionintj  the 
ds  granted  to  the  Illinois  regiment,  at  Louisville,  the  31st  of  De- 
nber,  17S7,  present,  (ieorge  R.  Clark,  Ab.  Chaplinc,  Richard 
ylor,  William  Croghan,  Richard  Terrell,  Alexander  Breckenridge 
)  Williain  Clark,  Gent.,  conmiissioners. 

Resolved,  That  Florence  Mahon\',  Eben  Bovven,  private,  John 
uid.  sergeant,  Angus  Cameron,  private  ;  (absent,  R.  Taylor;  pres- 
,  J.  F.  ^looie)  and  William  Guthrie,  private,  also,  Sam  Harris  and 
in  Peties,  be  allowed  quotas  of  land.  Present,  John  Campbell, 
nt.  Samuel  Harris,  Sen.,  allowed  as  a  piixate. 
Reso/z'ed,  That  such  claims  as  may  be  offered  to  any  of  the  mem- 
•s  of  the  board  this  evening  be  received  this  evening  and  dcter- 
ned  at  a  future  meeting. 

.\djourned  till   nine   o'clock  to-morrow.  John   Campbell. 

January  ist,  1788.  The  board  met  according  to  adjournment. 
;sent,  George  R.  Clark,  Ab.  Chapline,  Alexander  Breckenridge, 
chard  Terrell,  William  Croghan,  Richard  Taylor  and  ^^'illiam 
ark.  The  following  claims  given  in  vestertlay  were  taken  up  and 
:ermined  on,  as  follows:  George  McJNlaness,  John  McManess  and 
hn  McManess,  Sen.,  allowed  as  privates ;  also,  James  Jarrold, 
muel  Stephenson,  John  Maline  Harris,  ^^'illiam  Coger,  \\'illiam 
iher  and  Richard  Cox,  privates ;  John  Walker,  sergeant.  Absent, 
Breckenridge ;  present,  J.  F.  Muore,  Gent.  Thomas  Simpson 
owed  as  a  soldier;  also,  J.  Elms  and  Robert  Da^'is  as  soldiers, 
illiam  Shannon  not  allowed. 

Resolved,  unanitnously ,   That   all   claims   heretofore    adjusted  and 
owed  by  a  former  board  be   confirmed  as  thev  stand,  drawn  in  the 
tery,   except  the    claim   of  Walker   Daniel,  which   is  rejected,  and 
:  claim  of  Martin  Carney,  which  is  to  be  reconsidered. 
Adjourned  till  to-morrow,  nine  o'clock.  G.  R.  Clark. 

Wednesday,  3d  January.  The  following  members  met,  viz.  : 
lorge  R.  Clark,  Ab.  Chapline,  Richard  Terrell,  William  Croghan 
i  William  Clark,  commissioners,  and  adjourned  till  to-morrow, 
le  o'clock.  G.  R.  Clark. 


'..lia  tjlillli'.  .* 


loSz  AI^I.OTMEXT    OF    l.AXD    IX    CLARK's    GRyVXT. 


Frida}',  4th  Januar\-.  At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commission- 
ers at  Louisville,  present,  John  Campbell,  G.  R.  Clark,  Ab.  Chap- 
line,  Richard  Terrell,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  Andrew  Heth,  Will- 
iam Croghan  and  William  Clark,  Gent.,  commissioners. 

The  board  proceeded  to  reconsider  the  claim  of  Martin  Carney  and 
determined  that  the  said  claim  be  confirmed.  Absent,  John  Camp- 
bell. 

The  board  then  proceeded  and  drew  the  lottery  for  such  claims  as 
have  been  lately  allowed  and  were  not  in  the  lottery  drawn  by  a  for- 
mer board. 

Resolved,  Whereas,  there  appears  to  be  a  residuum  of  10,800 
acres  of  land,  that  a  future  division  take  place  and  the  said  residuum 
be  apportioned  agreeable  to  this  former  regulation  of  the  board. 

Resolved,  That  the  dollar  per  loo  acres  paid  for  certificates  be  ap- 
portioned toward  defraying  the  expenses  of  the  original  survey  pro- 
visions, paj'ing  chain  carriers,  choppers,  hunters,  etc.,  etc.,  the  bal- 
ance, if  any,  applied  as  part  of  the  sui-veyor's  fee. 

Resolved,  That  three  meetings  of  the  board  be  held  at  this  place 
for  the  purpose  of  executing  deeds,  the  first  meeting  to  be  the  20th  of 
February  next,  the  second  the  first  Tuesday  in  April,  and  the  third 
meeting  the  17th  of  July,  and  that  public  notice  be  given  of  those 
meetings  in  order  that  the  claimants  may  take  out  their  plats  and  ap- 
ply for  deeds. 

Adjourned  till  the  20th  of  February  next. 

G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  trustees  for  the  town  of  Clarksville, 
at  Louisville,  the  5th  of  January,  1788,  present,  George  R.  Clark, 
Abraham  Chapline,  Richard  Terrell,  William  Croghan  and  William 
Clark. 

Resolved,  That  a  number  of  lots  in  the  to'wn  of  Clarksville  be  sold 
at  public  auction  at  this  place  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  March  next,  be- 
ing Jefferson  court  day,  and  that  the  time  and  place  of  sale  be  adver- 
tised at  the  court-houses  of  the  adjacent  counties. 

Adjourned.  G.  R.  Clark. 


ALLOPMKXr    OK    I.AXO    IN'    CLARK's    (.RANT.  108;:^ 

At  a  moctlni;'  of  the  commisslonor.s  for  apportioning-  the  lands 
granted  to  the  Illinois  regiment,  at  Lonisville,  the  20th  February,  17SS, 
present,  G.  R.  Clark,  James  F.  Moore,  Richard  Taylor,  William 
Croghan,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  ^Vndrew  Ileth  and  William  Clark, 
Gent.,  commissioners. 

Jvcso/z'Cif,  Whereas  satisfactory  proof  is  made  to  this  board  of 
Jacob  Bowman  being  heir  at  hnv  of  Joseph*  Bowman,  deceased,  that 
deeds  for  the  lands  allowed  said  Joseph  be  issued  in  the  name  of 
said  Jacob. 

IUc'so^z'cd,  That  claimants  of  choices  of  lots  in  the  Illinois  Grant  be 
notified  In'  advertisement  to  apply  and  make  their  respective  choices 
in  rotation  on  or  before  the  17th  of  Jul}'  next,  and  in  case  of  failure, 
the  commissioners  will  proceed  to  ballot  for  them  in  order  that  the 
subsequent  choices  may  be  made  by  such  as  are  entitled  and  apply. 

Adjourned.  G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  for  apportioning  the  lands 
granted  to  the  Illinois  regiment,  etc.,  at  Louisville,  the  4th  of  April, 
178S,  present,  Wm.  Clark,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  Robert  Breck- 
enridge, Richard  Taylor,  W'm.  Croghan,  Jas.  F.  !Moore  and  Rich- 
ard Terrell,  Gent.,  commissioners. 

Adjourned  till  Tuesday  next,  9  o'clock. 

^^'M.  Clark,  Chairman. 

Louisville,  Tuesday,  the  8th  of  April,  17S8. 

The  board  met  according  to  adjournment ;  present,  Geo.  R.  Clark, 
Wm.  Clark,  Richard  Taylor,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  Robert  Breck- 
enridge, Wm.  Croghan  and  Richard  Terrell,  Gent. 

Resolved,  That  Wm.  Clark  be  appointed  to  receive  the  money 
payable  to  the  register  of  the  land  office,  as  may  arise  from  the  exe- 
cution of  deeds. 

The  following  deeds  were  presented  to  the  board  and  executed,  viz. : 
To  John  Moyland,  Adam  Hoops  and  Abner  Martin  Dunn,  Nos.  27, 

*This   is  Jacob  in  the   manuscript,  but  evidently  a   mistake   of  the  clerk   or 

copyist.        , 
69 


1084  ALLOTMENT    OF   LAND    IN    CLARK's    GRANT. 


133,  151,  317,  3xS,  105,  253,  365,  287,  3S4  and  391,  of  500  acres 
each  ;  to  Adam  Hoops,  Xo.  343  ;  to  Isaac  Bowman,  his  four  surveys 
of   "^00  acres — Xos.   i,  158,  313  and  2S9. 

Resolved^  When  sufficient  proof  is  produced  to  the  board  that 
^^'m.  Croglian  hatli  purchased  the  se\'eral  claims  in  500  acres — No. 
4 — the  surveyor  be  therefore  directed  to  make  out  a  plat  of  said  tract 
in  Croghan's  name. 

Adjourned  till  to-morrov\r,  3  o'clock.  G.  R.  Clark. 

Wednesday,  the  9th  April,  1788.  The  board  met  according  to  ad- 
journment; present,  same  as  yesterday.  The  board  proceeded  to 
apportion,  by  lottery,  a  number  of  claims  in  the  residuum  of  lands, 
and  then  adjourned  till  Friday,  the  i8th  inst.  G.  R.  Clark. 

Friday,  the  i8th  April,  1788.  The  board  inet  according  to  ad- 
journment; members  same  as  before,  also  Jaines  Francis  Moore, 
Gent.  The  board  proceeded  and  drew  the  lottery  for  the  balance  of 
the  residuum  of  lands. 

Resolved,  When  James  Francis  Moore  hath  produced  to  the 
board  a  sufficient  assignment  from  David  Glenn  for  his  claims  in  500 
acres — No.  20 — the  balance  being  already  vested  in  said  Moore,  that 
the  surveyor  be  directed  to  make  out  the  plat  in  Moore's  name. 

The  following  deeds  v\'ere  presented  and  executed  by  the  board, 
viz.:  To  Wm.  Croghan,  No.  4  and  No.  113,  500  acres  each;  to 
Wm.  Vanlear,  assignee  of  Montgomery,  No.  167,  203,  239,  270  and 
283,  500  acres  each. 

Adjourned  till  the  17th  of  July  next.  G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  trustees  for  the  town  of  Clarksville,  at  Louis- 
■\-ille,  the  5th  of  June,  1788,  present,  John  Campbell,  Geo.  R.  Clark, 
Wm.  Clark,  Richard  Terrell  and  William  Croghan,  Gent. 

On  motion  made  by  Mr.  Terrell  to  appoint  a  trustee  in  the 
room  of  Colonel  Robert  Todd,  who  had  authorized  him  to  inform  the 
board  he  could  not  attend,  and  requested  another  to  be  appointed  in 
his  stead. 


ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    tT.ARK  S    GRANT.  1085 

I\cso/vcc/,  That  Mr.  Amlrcw  lietli  lae  appointed  a  trustee  for  the 
town  of   Chirks\ille  in  the  room  of  Colonel  Robert  Todil. 

Jicso/z'Cii^,  That  the  clerk  be  directed  to  write  to  Colonel  Fleming, 
Colonel  Edwards,  Messrs.  John  Baleys  and  Ab.  Chapline,  request- 
ing them  to  inform  the  board  whether  thcv  can  attend  the  business  as 
trustees  of  the  town  of  Clarksville  or  not;  if  not,  to  signify  their 
resignation  in  order  that  others  mav  be  appointed  in  their  stead. 

Resolved^  That  the  lots  laid  out  above  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek,  in 
the  town  of  ClarksA-ille,  be  sold  in  said  town  agreeable  to  law,  for 
cash,  on  Saturday,  the  9th  of  August,  next;  that  the  same  be  adver- 
tised at  the  court-houses  of  the  adjacent  counties  ;  and  that  William 
Clark,  Richard  TeiTell  and  Andrew  Ileth,  or  any  two  of  them, 
superintend  the  sales  in  case  the  board  should  not  meet  at  that  time. 

Resolved ,  That  JNIr.  Wm.  Clark  be  appointed  clerk  to  the  board  of 
trustees  ;  that  he  be  directed  to  provide  a  book  and  tr.anscribe  therein 
the  proceedings  of  the  board,  which  have  hitherto  been  kept  on  de- 
tached papers,  and  that  the  proceedings  so  transcribed  be  examined 
by  the  board  at  their  next  sitting. 

Adjourned  till  Monday  next.  John  Campbell. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  for  appointing  the  lands 
granted  to  the  Illinois  regiment,  on  Thursday,  the  17th  day  of  July, 
1788,  present,  Geo.  R.  Clark,  Richard  Terrell,  Richard  Taylor, 
James  F.  Moore,  Andrew  Heth,  William  Croghan  and  Ab.  Chap- 
line  and  Alexander  Breckenridge,  John  Campbell,  Gent.,  produced 
to  the  board  a  conveyance  from  John  Bailey  in  favor  of  Michael 
Hillingas  and  John  Dunlap  for  (500)  five  hundred  acres  of  land,  the 
choices  of  three  tracts  of  that  size,  and  claim  No.  16  as  the  choice. 
The  question  being  put,  it  was  determined  that  said  Hilligas  and 
Dunlap  are  entitled  to  said  tract  of  land,  and  that  a  deed  issued 
accordingly.      Present,  John  Campbell  and  William  Clark. 

The  following  deeds  were  presented  to  the  board  and  executed, 
viz. :  To  Richard  Terrell,  No.  6  ;  to  Hector  Moore  Wright,  assignee 
of  James  Francis  Moore,  No.  20. 


IoS6  ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARK'S    GRANT. 


Rcso/vctf,  That  further  time  be  allowed  the  different  claimants  to 
applv  and  take  out  their  deeds  till  the  first  Tuesday  in  April  next. 

ResoJved^  That  Richard  Ta-^-lor  and  Ala.  Chapline,  Gent.,  be  ap- 
pointed to  examine  the  deeds  to  be  presented  to  the  board  and  sign 
such  as  are  found  to  be  truly  made  out.  Adjourned  till  nine  o'clock 
to-morrow.  John  Campbell. 

Friday-,  iSth  Julr,  17SS.  The  board  met  according  to  adjourn- 
ment. Present,  Abraham  Chapline,  William  Clark,  Richard  Tay- 
lor, James  Francis  Moore,  ^^'illiam  Croghan,  Andrew  Heth,  Alex- 
ander Breckenridge  and  R.  Terrell. 

The  follo^ving  deeds  were  presented  and  executed,  viz. :  To  Ab. 
Chapline,  No.  322  ;  to  Croghan,  assignee.  No.  145  and  iSo  in  one 
deed  ;  to  Richard  Terrell,  assignee,  No.  9  ;  to  Terrell  and  Elie  Will- 
iams, No.  157;  to  R.  Terrell,  assignee.  No.  115  ;  to  Terrell  and  Elie 
Williams,  assignee.  No.  8  and  58;  to  R.  Terrell,  assignee.  No.  263  ; 
to  R.  Terrell  and  Elie  Williams,  assignee.  No.  231  ;  to  John  Ma}'field, 
Adain  Hoops  and  Abner  Martin  Dunn,  assignee,  loi  ;  to  Jacob 
Bowman,  heir  at  law.  No.  125,  49,  237,  S  and  97;  to  Isaac  Ruddle, 
No.  no,  153,  34,  14,  77  and  149;  to  William  Croghan  and  Gab. 
]\Iadison,  assignee,  No.  267.  (Present,  General  Clark).  To  Richard 
Terrell,  assignee.  No.  83,  137,  253  and  83  ;  to  John  Shelby,  heir  at 
law  of  James  Shelby,  No.  43,  43,  249,  95,  88  and  89  ;  to  Robert 
George,  No.  17,  159,  137,  149  and  275  ;  to  William  Leas,  assignee 
of  R.  George,  No.  173  ;  to  William  Clark,  No.  96  and  373  ;  to  Pat 
Joyes,  assignee.  No.  75  and  109.  Present,  John  Campbell,  Gent.  ; 
absent,  G.  R.  Clark. 

Adjourned  till  five  o'clock  to-morrow  morning. 

John  Campbell. 

Saturday,  19th  July,  1788.  The  board  met  according  to  adjourn- 
ment. Present,  John  Campbell,  Ab.  Chapline,  William  Clark, 
Richard  Taylor,  Andrew  Heth,  James  F.  Moore,  Alexander  Breck- 
enridge and  Richard  Terrell,  Gent. 


ALLOTMENT  OK  LAND  IN  CLARK  S  Gl-lvVNT.     1087 


The  following  deeds,  being  produced  to  the  board,  were  executed, 
viz.  :      To  Nathaniel  Parker,  assignee,  No.  335  and  33. 

Richard  Jones  Waters  appeared  before  the  board  and  claimed  a  title 
to  the  hind  allowed  William  Smith,  \\hich  was  drawn  for  in  the  name 
of  Daniel  Brodhead,  as  assignee  of  Smith.  On  motion,  the  board 
determined  that  the  matter  shall  be  taken  up  and  revised. 

]\Ir.  IMich.  Campbell  produced  to  the  board  two  convc^'ances 
from  John  Montgomery  for  five  hundred  acres  each,  one  in  favor  of 
said  Campbell,  the  other  in  the  naine  of  James  Watt,  and  claimed 
the  land  accordingly.  The  claim  being  contested  by  Mr.  Brecken- 
ridge,  on  account  of  his  liaving  sold  3,600  acres  of  such  land  as  at- 
torncv  of  said  Montgomery.  The  papers  being  produced,  the  board 
deterinined  that  the  convevanccs  of  Breckenridge  take   preference. 

John  Harrison  and  William  Sullivan  applied  to  the  board  for  the 
third  and  fourth  choice  tracts  of  Major  Quick's  claim  by  virtue  of 
assignments  for  such  choices.  Said  Harrison  chose  No.  71  and  Sulli- 
van No.  70.  Those  choices  were  contested  by  G.  R.  Clark.  The 
question  being  put,  the  board  determined  in  favor  of  the  claimants 
and  order  that  deeds  issue  accordingly.  A  deed  issued  to  Mich. 
Hilligas  and  John  Dunlap,  assignees  of  John  Bailey,  for  No.  16. 

The  title  of  500  acres  of  land  being  contested  between  Mich. 
Campbell  and  William  Croghan,  both  having  assignments  from  Col- 
onel John  Montgomery,  the  board  determined  that  Croghan's  assign- 
ments take  preference. 

Deed  issued  to  Benjamin  Sebastian,  Alexander  Scot  Bullett  and 
Elie  Williams,  assignees,  for  No.  23,  78,  377,  40,  132  and  36,  in  one 
deed;  to  Mich.  Campbell,  assignee  of  Montgomery,  No.  35.  Absent, 
John  Campbell,  Gent. 

An  order  omitted  to  be  entered  yesterday  is  ordered  to  be  inserted 
here,  viz. : 

William  Croghan,  applying  for  Chapline's  third  choices,  and  no 
person  appearing  to  make  the  second,  the  board  proceeded  to  ballot 
therefor,  when  No.  323  was  drawn;  this  choice,  as  appears,  ought  to 
have  been  made  by  Joel  Rease.      Two  deeds  issued  to  William  Van- 


lear,  assignee  of  Montgomery,  bj'  Alexander  Breckenridge,  his  attor- 
ney, one  for  Xo.   143,  the  other  for  No.  51. 

Resolved ,  In  tlie  division  of  500  acres  surveys,  among  sergeants, 
soldiers,  etc.,  that  the  plats  be  divided  into  five  equal  tracts,  and  an\' 
claimants,  applying  to  the  surveyor  after  the  first  day  of  November 
next,  ma}'  ballot  with  him  for  his  part  and  have  the  same  laid  off. 
But  in  case  of  a  claim  or  claims  for  more  than  100  acres,  the  great- 
est claim  shall  have  preference  of  choice  in  order  that  he  may  be  able 
to  obtain  his  proportion  together  in  one  tract,  and  his  choice  shall  be  so 
made  and  in  such  manner  as  to  leave  other  claims  entire  and  undi- 
vided. 

Resolved,  That  the  foregoing  resolution  be  advertised  by  the  sur- 
veyor immediately,  in  order  that  those  concerned  may  attend  at  the 
proper  time  to  fix  their  claims. 

Adjourned  till  the  first  Tuesday  in  November  next. 

Abraham  Chapline. 

Tuesday,  4th  Nov.,  1788.  The  board  met  according  to  adjourn- 
ment. Present,  John  Campbell,  Geo.  R.  Clark,  Wm.  Clark,  Wm. 
Croghan,  Richard  Terrell,  Andrew  Heth  and  James  Francis  Moore, 
Gent. 

The  board  proceeded  to  apportion,  by  lot,  the  claims  of  the  ser- 
geants, soldiers,  etc.,  and  determine  in  what  manner  the  500-acre 
tracts  shall  be  divided  among  them. 

Adjourned  till  to-morrow,  9  o'clock.  John  Campbell. 

Wednesday,  5th  Nov.,  17S8.  The  board  met  according  to  ad- 
journment. Present,  Geo.  R.  Clark,  William  Clark,  Richard  Ter- 
rell, Andrew  Heth,  Wm.  Croghan,  James  Francis  Moore  and  Alex- 
ander Breckenridge,  Gent.  On  motion  made,  the  board  proceeded  to 
point  out  and  determine  in  what  manner  the  500-acre  lots  are  to  be 
divided  among  those  who  hold  unequal  quantities,  in  such  tracts 
agreeable  to  a  plan  produced  by  the  surveyor  and  approved  by  the 
board. 


ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    C'LARK's    GRj\NT.  10S9 


The  following  deeds  being  presented  and  executed  by  the  board, 
viz.  :  To  Nat.  Parker,  assignee  No.  ;J33  ;  to  Levi  Todd,  Nos.  29,  46, 
S7  and  290;    to  William  Vanlear,  assignee  No.  347. 

Adjourned  till  the  first  Tuesday  in  January  next. 

G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  agreeable  to  adjournment,  at 
Louisville,  the  7th  April,  17S9,  present,  John  Campbell,  Geo.  R. 
Clark,  William  Clark,  Richard  Terrell,  William  Croghan,  Andrew 
Heth  and  Alexander  Breckenridge,  gentlemen. 

Adjourned  till  to-morrow,  8  o'clock.  John  Campbell. 

April  8,  1789.  The  board  met  according  to  adjournment.  Present, 
John  Campbell,  Geo.  R.  Clark,  Wm.  Clark,  Richard  Terrell,  Wm. 
Croghan,  Andrew  Heth  and  Alexander  Breckenridge,  John  Bayleys 
and  James  F.  Moore,  Gent. 

Resolved,  Whereas  William  Clark  produced  to  this  board  assign- 
ments for  the  claims  of  Wm.  Orear,  John  Orear,  Daniel  Orear  and 
Jesse  Orear,  that  plats  and  certificates  of  said  lands  issue  in  the 
name  of  Clark.  That  plats,  etc.,  for  the  claims  of  Wm.  Cosby  and 
Moses  Camper  in  No.  53,  issue  in  the  name  of  Richard  Terrell,  he 
appearing  to  be  assignee  of  Ben  Pope,  who  was  assignee  of  the 
original  claimants  ;  also  for  the  claims  of  Richard  Lutrell  and  Charles 
Jones  upon  the  same  principle. 

Richard  Terrell  and  G.  R.  Clark  each  produced  an  assignment  for 
the  claim  of  said  David  Henry,  that  in  favor  of  Terrell  being  eldest, 
to  have  preference.  Deeds  executed  in  favor  of  Wm.  Croghan, 
assignee  for  No.  69  and  15.  Absent,  John  Campbell,  Gent.,  and  R. 
Terrell. 

Mr.  Wm.  Easten  produce  assignments  for  the  several  claims  in 
No.  170.  Ordered,  therefore,  that  a  plat  issue  in  the  name  of  the 
assignee. 

A  deed  executed  in  favor  of  L.  Protzman,  F.  Rolmer  and  Morgan, 
assignee  of  V.  T.  Dalton,  for  No.  76;  to  Wm.  Harrod,  for  No. 
91,  99,  164,  234,  261   and   264;   to   Michael  Lacaassigne,  assignee  of 


1090  ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARk's    GRANT. 


L\nn,  for  No.  13  ;  to  John  Holker,  assignee  for  No.  22,  188,  191, 
197,  204,  212,  315,  219,  226,  227,  229,  241  and  297;  to  Moore  and 
Rhea,  assignee  for  No.  258,  26S,  274,  285  and  288;  to  Geo.  R. 
Clark,  assignee  of  J.  Hoker.  for  No.  18,  and  to  same  for  No.  62  and 
84  in  his  own  right,  and  to  saine  as  assignee  of  Quick  for  No.  163  ; 
to  Richard  Terrell,  assignee  for  No.  129,  203,  206,  104,  184  and  144; 
to  Jas.  Overton,  Jr.,  assignee  of  Lynn  for  No.  93;  to  R.  T.  Waters, 
assignee  of  Smith,  for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  2.  Present,  R.  Ter- 
rel,  who  signed  the  before-mentioned  deeds  in  favor  of  General  Clark. 
Other  deeds,  being  presented,  were  executed  for  Geo.  R.  Clark,  viz.  ; 
For  223  and  56  in  his  O'wn  right,  and  for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  28, 
as  assignee  of  Robert,  assignee  of  Harris ;  also  three  others,  100 
acres  each  part  of  No.  30,  as  assignee  of  the  claims  of  Patton,Doherty 
and  Chenowith. 

Adjourned  till  3  o'clock.  G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  on  Tuesday,  the  9th  April,  1789,  present, 
John  Campbell,  Wm.  Clark,  Alex.  Breckenridge,  Jas.  F.  Moore, 
\Vm.    Croghan,  Richard  Terrell  and  Andrew  Heth,  Gent. 

The  following  deeds  executed  by  the  board,  viz.  :  To  John  Holker, 
assignee  for  No.  45,  298  and  181  ;  to  Michael  Lacaassigne,  assignee 
for  No.  10  and  for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  13  A,  and  to  R.  I.  Waters, 
assignee  for  400  acres,  part  of  No.  19,  B,  C,  D  and  E.  (Present,  Geo. 
R.  Clark.)  Deeds  executed  for  Wm.  Clark,  assignee  of  John  Baleys, 
for  No.  24,  and  as  assignee  of  sundries  for  400  acres,  part  of  No. 
31,  A,  B,  C  and  D. 

James  Francis  Moore  produced  to  the  board  an  assignment  for  the 
claim  of  Mason  Lunsford.  Ordered,  therefore,  that  a  plat  and  list 
of  survey  issue  in  the  name  of  said  Moore,  notwithstanding  any 
former  order  of  the  board. 

Resolved,  That  the  time  for  taking  out  deeds  be  prolonged  to  the 
first  day  of  September. 

Adjourned  to  the  third  Monday  in  May,  but  in  case  a  board  should 
not  meet  at  that  time,  then  to  the  4th  of  July.        John  Campbell. 


ALLOTMENT  OF  LAND  IN  CLARK 's  GRANT, 


1091 


At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  for  appointing  the  lands  granted 
to  the  Illinois  regiment,  etc.,  at  Louisville,  the  3d  of  June,  17S9, 
present,  G.  R.  Clark,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  James  F.  Moore, 
Richard  Terrell,  Richard  Taylor,  William  Croghan  and  \Villiam 
Clark,  Gent.  Deeds  executed  for  Jacob  Bowman,  heir  of  Joseph 
Bowman,  deceased,  for  No.   140,  1S6  and  193. 

Mr.  William  Croghan  produced  to  the  board  assignments  for  the 
claims  of  Samuel  Harris,  Samuel  Harris,  Jr.,  and  John  ^Slahn  Harris, 
John  Sertain  and  Page  Sertain,  and  156  acres,  part  of  James  Mcrri- 
weather's  claim.  Ordered,  therefore,  that  the  sui^veyor  be  directed  to 
issue  plats  and  certificates  for  said  lands  in  the  name  of  said  Croghan. 

Adjourned  till  the  4th  of  July.  G.    R.    Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  at  Louisville,  the  7th  Julv, 
1789,  present,  George  Rogers  Clark,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  Rich- 
ard Taylor,  James  F.  Moore,  William  Croghan,  Richard  Terrell  and 
William  Clark. 

Deeds  executed  in  favor  John  Rodgers,  for  1,234  acres,  Nos.  11,  72  ; 
334  acres,  part  of  No.  248.      (Present,  Robert  Breckenridge.) 

Deeds  issued  in  favor  Christo.  Greenup,  assignee,  for  100  acres, 
part  of  No.  54  B,  and  100  acres,  part  of  No.  73  A  ;  to  Isaac  Ruddle 
for  334  acres  of  No.  190  ;  to  Nat  Parker  for  300  acres,  part  of  No. 
133;  to  William  Croghan,  a  deed  for  S44  acres,  viz.:  300  acres  in 
No.  116,  300  in  No.  13S,  and  344  in  No.  106,  and  another  deed  for 
300  acres,  part  of  195  C,  D  and  E  ;  to  William  Clark,  for  300  acres, 
the  claims  of  John  Brand,  part  of  No.  130,  and  one  other  deed  for 
500  acres.  No.  160.  (Present,  John  Campbell,  Gent.)  Deeds  to 
Richard  Terrell,  assignee  of  Harland,  for  100  acres  part  No.  13  ;  also 
assignee  of  Luti'ell  100  acres,  part  of  No.  79  ;  also  for  300  acres,  part 
of  No.  53,  the  claims  of  Camper  and  Cosby;  also  for  300  acres,  part 
of  13,  the  claims  of  Prichard.  Deeds  to  John  Thruston  for  all  his 
claims,  and  deed  to  John  Rodgers,  No.  335,  3S3  and  39.  (Absent, 
John  Campbell.)  Deed  to  Mr.  Lacaassigne  for  100  acres,  part  of 
No.  60,  Copland's  claim.  To  John  Holker,  assignee,  for  No.  103. 
To  B.  Tarascon,  for  No.   153  and  340,  and  for  100  acres,  part  of  No. 


1092 

94i  Isaac  Faris's  claims.  To  R.  Terrell,  three  deeds,  100  acres 
each,  viz.:  A  No.  57,  E  No.  118,  and  C  No.  142.  To  William 
Buckley,  300  acres,  part  of  No.  162,  including  his  own  and  Zeck- 
ledgc's  claims.  Deeds  issued  to  the  heirs  of  Richard  McCarty  for 
the  whole  of  said  McCarty's  claim.  To  Ab.  Hite,  Jr.,  assignee,  for 
312  acres,  part  of  No.  32.  To  Isaac  Bowman,  for  his  balance  of  156 
acres,  part  of  No.  33.  A  deed  issued  to  Thomas  Thornburg,  as- 
signee, for  the  claim  of  Sainuel  Humphries,  the  assignment  contain- 
ing other  matters  of  consequence  to  Thornburg,  he  is  permitted  to 
retain  the  same  in  his  hands. 

Adjourned  till  five  o'clock.  G.   R.   Clark. 

The  board  met  pursuant  to  adjournment.  Pi^esent,  John  Camp- 
bell, George  R.  Clark,  William  Clark,  William  Croghan,  Richard 
Terrell,  Richard  Taylor  and  James  Francis  Moore. 

Deed  executed  in  favor  William  Sullivan,  assignee,  for  No.  70; 
do.  to  George  Wilson,  assignee,  for  No.  307  ;  to  Basil  Prather,  as- 
signee, for  No.  68,  112  and  114. 

Adjourned  till  ten  o'clock  to-morrow.  John  Campbell. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  following  members  of  the  board  of  commis- 
sioners, at  Louisville,  the  31st  August,  1789,  viz. :  George  R.  Clark, 
Alexander  Breckenridge,  Robert  Breckenridge,  Richard  Terrell, 
William  Croghan,  William  Clark  and  John  Campbell. 

Deed  signed  in  favor  Tarascon  brothers,  assignees,  for  200  acres 
James  Irby's  claim,  B.  Tarascon  for  Lemon's  claim  and  120  acres, 
part  of  No.  196;  to  John  Holker,  assignee,  for  400  acres,  part  of  No. 
81,  400  acres,  part  of  No.  178,  and  200,  the  right  of  M.  Miles  in 
No.  85.  One  other  deed  to  same  for  No.  136  and  187.  To  John 
Lewis,  assignee,  for  No.  47,  257,  100  acres  Watkins'  claim  in  No. 
243,  100  George  Sheppard's  claim  in  No.  116,  100  do.  William  Ty- 
ler's claim  in  No.  142,  all  in  one  deed.  To  Robert  Todd,  for  No.  3; 
to  Francis  Spilman,  100  acres  D  in  No.  2;  to  Sergeant  John  Moore, 
for  300  acres  in  No.  126,  his  own  claim  ;  to  Moses  Lumsford,  his  own 
claim,  100  acres;   to  John  Swan,  heir,  for  his  four  surveys,  500  acres, 


I093 

and  one  other  deed  for  his  balance  of  156  acres;  to  Richard  Terrell, 
assignee,  for  No.  39;  to  Robert  K.  Moore,  assignee,  a  deed  for 
313  acres,  part  of  No.  216,  lOO  acres,  Oreer's  right  inNo.  3n,  Charles 
Jones'  right  in  No.  19S,  100  acres,  the  right  of  William  Guthrie  in 
No.  3S1,  100  acres,  the  right  of  John  Peters  in  No.  3S1 — in  all,  712 
acres.  To  William  Croghan,  for  300  acres,  the  right  of  Jonas  Man- 
ifee,  Florence  Mahoney  ;  to  Pat  Doran,  for  his  claim,  100  acres;  to 
Phil  Walker,  assignee  of  John  Walker,  sergeant,  for  200  acres,  part 
of  130;  to  James  F.  I\Ioore,  assignee  of  Mason  Lunsford,  for  100 
acres,  part  of  No.  44;  to  Robert  George,  for  334  acres,  part  of  No. 
149;  to  Jacob  Reagan,  assignee  of  Edward  Worthington,  for  No. 
67 ;  to  John  Rogers,  assignee,  for  300  acres,  viz.  :  The  claim  of 
John  Campbell  in  No.  60,  the  claim  of  William  Booton,  100  acres, 
in  No.  44,  and  the  claim  of  John  Jones,  100  acres,  in  No.  19S  ;  one 
other  deed  for  200  acres,  viz.  :  100  acres,  the  claiin  of  Fred  Doherty 
in  No.  220  and  100;  do.  the  right  of  William  Gynn  in  No.  334;  one 
other  deed  for  300  acres,  viz.  :  300  acres,  the  right  of  Thomas  Key 
in  No.  345,  and  100  acres,  the  right  of  Michael  Oharrow  in  No.  311  ; 
to  George  Rogers,  for  100  acres,  the  right  of  Dom.  Welch  in  No. 
355;    to  David  ^McDonald,  100  acres  in   No.  211  ;    to  Travis  Booton, 

acres,  his  own   right  in  No.  85  ;   to  Adam    Hoops,    assignee,  for 

500  acres.  No.  121  ;  to  Walter  C.  Davis,  500  acres.  No.  86;  to  John 
Lewis,  assignee,  for  500  acres.  No.  263  ;  to  Richard  Terrell,  assignee, 
for  100  acres,  the  right  of  Robert  Garrott  in  No.  224;  to  saine,  for 
100  acres,  the  right  of  James  Monroe  in  No.  354  ;  one  other  deed  to 
same  for  100  acres,  the  right  of  James  Wood  in  No.  35  ;  to  John 
Moyland,  for  500  acres.  No.  168  ;  John  Moyland  and  Pat  Joyce,  500 
acres,  viz.  :  140  to  Movland,  the  balance  to  Joyes,  No.  308;  to  John 
Moyland,  assignee,  for  500  acres,  No.  185  ;  to  Pat  Joyes,  assignee, 
500  acres.  No.  165,  and  one  other  deed  for  234  acres,  the  balance  of 
Bailey's  claim;  also,  one  other  deed  for  500  acres,  No.  356;  to 
Jacob  Reagan,  156  acres,  Carney's  balance  in  No.  154;  to  John 
Girault,  five   deeds   for  his   whole  claim ;   William  Harrod,  for  his 


I094 

balance,  234   acres;    John  Shelby,  for  his  balance,   234;    to  William 
Easton,  assignee,  for  500  acres,  No.  170. 

Adjourned  till  to-morrow,  ten  o'clock.  John  Campbell. 

Thursday,  the  ist  of  September,  1789.  The  board  met  pursuant 
to  adjournment.      ^Members  same  as  yesterday. 

The  following  deeds  presented  to  the  board  and  executed,  viz. :  To 
James  Davis,  for  balance  of  his  claims,  156  acres;  to  Isaac  Ander- 
son, assignee,  for  500  acres.  No.  192;  to  John  Harrison,  assignee, 
for  500  acres,  No.  21;  to  Robert  Todd,  for  500  acres.  No.  55;  to 
George  Sheppard,  assignee,  for  100  acres,  the  claim  of  D.  Bailey  in 
No.  195  ;  to  Richard  Terrell  and  Benjamin  Sebastian,  for  400  acres, 
part  of  No.  108,  surveyed  in  the  name  of  A.  S.  Bullett,  viz.  :  two- 
thirds  to  Terrell,  the  balance  to  Sebastian;  to  Richard  Terrell,  for 
100  acres  in  No.  13,  the  claim  of  J.  Holms;  to  George  R.  Clark,  for 
100  acres,  part  of  No.  57,  the  claim  of  Hugh  Henry;  to  John  Har- 
rison, assignee,  for  351  acres,  the  balance  of  Montgomery  claim ;  to 
John  Moyland,  Adam  Hoops  and  Abner  M.  Dunn,  assignees,  a  deed 
for  1,500  acres,  viz.;  No.  131,  250  and  293;  to  Adam  Hoops,  as- 
signee, for  500  acres.  No.  166;  to  Basil  Prather,  assignee,  from  deeds 
for  balance  of  Brashear's  claim,  viz.;  No.  iii,  134  and  236,  500 
acres  each,  and  234  acres,  part  of  No.  194  ;  to  Adam  Hoops  and  William 
McPherson,  assignees,  jointly,  500  acres.  No.  48. 

Adjourned.  John  Campbell. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  for  apportioning  the  lands 
granted  to  the  Illinois  regiment  at  the  falls  of  Ohio,  the  6th  July, 
1791,  present,  John  Campbell,  William  Clark  and  James  F.  Moore, 
Gent. 

Mr.  Joseph  Calvit  produced  to  the  board  a  deed  for  his  proportion 
of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant,  amounting  to  2,156  acres,  viz.  ;  No.  41, 
50,  61,  161,  and  156  acres,  part  of  No.  216.  The  board  having  ex- 
amined the  deed,  etc.,  executed  the  same.  John  Campbell. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  follo\ving  members  of  the  board  of  commis- 
sioners at   Louisville,   the    7th    December,  1791,   to  wit:      James    F. 


ALLOTMENT  OF  LAND  IN  t'LARlv's  GRANT.     1095 

jSIoore,  Richiird  Taylor,  Alexander  Brcckenridge  and  Richard  Ter- 
rell. Ordered,  that  Richard  Terrell  be  appointed  clerk  and  surve\'or 
to  the  board,  in  the  room  of  William  Clark,  deceased,  and  that  he 
take  possession  of  the  records,  books  and  papers  accordinoJv. 

Deed  issued  to  Michael  Lacaassigne,  assignee  of  Michael  Sitzer  and 
John  Sitzer,  for  200  acres  in  No.  2,  being  B  and  E. 

Adjourned.  James  F.   Moore. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  for  apportioning  the  lands 
granted  to  the  Illinois  regiment  at  the  falls  of  Ohio,  the  Sth  day  of 
January,  1792,  present,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  Richard  Taylor, 
Robert  Breckenridge  and  Richard  Terrell,  Gent. 

Deeds  issued  to  James  Merriweather  for  Xo.  26,  92,  150  and  214, 
for  500  acres  each;  also  to  Levi  Todd  156  acres,  part  of  Xo.  271  ;  to 
Edward  Douse,  assignee  Daniel  Brodhead,  assignee  Buckner  Pitt- 
man,  for  200  acres,  part  of  No.  171  and  E;  also  to  Thomas  Wilson, 
lieutenant,  for  1^6  acres,  part  of  No.  169  A;  also  to  John  Moore  for 
100  acres,  C  part  of  No.  126. 

Adjourned.  Alexander  Breckenridge. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  for  apportioning  the  lands 
granted  to  the  Illinois  regiment  at  Louisville,  the  6th  March,  1793, 
present,  John  Campbell,  Richard  Taylor,  Alexander  Breckenridge 
and  Richard  Terrell,  Gent. 

Deed  issued  to  Samuel  Oldhorn,  assignee  of  Jacob  Vanmeter.  for 
No.  7,  500  acres.  Deed  issued  to  Jacob  Vanmeter  for  No.  64,  1S7, 
232,  500  acres  each,  amounting  to  1,500  acres.  Deed  issued  to  Ja- 
cob Vanmeter  for  156  acres,  being  B  part  of  No.  155. 

Adjourned.  John  Campbell. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners,  at  Louisville,  the  3d 
day  of  April,  1792,  present,  G.  R.  Clark,  Richard  Terrell  and  Wm. 
Croghan,  Gent.  Deed  issued  to  Wm.  Vanlear,  assignee  of  Edward 
Worthington,  for  No.  176,  containing  500  acres. 

G.  R.  Clark. 


1096  ALLOT.AIENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARK'S    GRANT 


At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners,  at  Louisville,  the  17th 
day  of  May,  1793,  present,  Geo.  R.  Clark,  Robert  Breckenridge, 
Alexander  Breckenridge  and  William  Croghan,  Gent.  Deed  issued 
to  Richard  Terrell,  assignee  of  Pleasent  Lockhart,  for  100  acres, 
part  of  lot  No.  54,  and  to  Peter  Priest,  for  100  acres,  part  of  lot  No. 
571.  G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  for  appointing  the 
lands  granted  to  the  Illinois  regiment,  at  Louisville,  May  23,  1792, 
present,  John  Campbell,  Alexander  Breckenridge  and  Wm.  Crog- 
han, Gent. 

Deeds  issued  to  Henrv  Floyd,  Jr.,  assignee  of  Henry  Floyd,  for 
Nos.  65  and  107,  in  one  deed,  and  to  Henry  Floyd,  for  Nos.  230  and 
2S0,  also  in  one  deed.  John  Campbell. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  for  apportioning  the 
lands  granted  the  Illinois  regiment,  at  Louisville,  May  28,  1792,  pres- 
ent, John  Campbell,  Geo.  R.  Clark,  Alexander  Breckenridge  and 
Richard  Taylor,  Gent. 

A  deed  issued  to  William  Croghan,  assignee  of  Henry  Floyd,  for 
156  acres  of  lands,  part  of  a  500-acre  survey.  No.   154. 

John  Campbell. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant, 
at  Louisville,  the  7th  day  of  March,  1797,  present,  George  R.  Clark, 
Alexander  Breckenridge,  Richard  Taylor,  Robert  Breckenridge  and 
William  Croghan,  Gent. 

Deeds  issued  to  the  heir  at  law  of  Abraham  Kellar,  deceased,  for 
the  following  six  tracts  of  lands  of  500  acres  each,  viz.  ;  No.  71, 
No.  120,  No.  156,  No.  173,  No.  238,  No.  295,  and  for  334  acres, 
part  of  a  300-acre  survey — No.  148  being  the  letter  B. 

G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  for  the  Illinois  Grant, 
at  Louisville,  the  2d  day  of  May,  1797,  present,  Richard  Taylor,  Alex- 
ander Breckenridge,  William  Croghan  and  Richard  Terrell,  Gent. 


ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARk'S    GRANT.  IO97 


Deed  issued  to  John  Armstrong  for  100  acres  No.  57,  letter  D, 
allowed  Barney  Higgans  and  conveyed  bj'  assignment  produced. 

Deed  issued  to  Samuel  Applegate  for  100  acres  allowed  Stephen 
Frost,  of  No.  73,  letter  B,  conveyed  by  assignment  produced. 

Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  for  the  Illinois  Grant, 
at  Louisville,  the  4th  day  of  January,  1797.  present,  Richard  Taylor, 
Robert  Breckenridge,  William  Croghan,  James  F.  Moore  and  Rich- 
ard Terrell,  Gent. 

Deed  issued  to  Abraham  Chapline  for  500  acres.  No.  199,  al- 
Icwed  Edward  Worthington  and  conveved  h\  assignment  produced; 
deed  issued  to  Elizabeth  ^lorgan,  devisee  of  David  Alorgan,  deceased, 
for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  320,  letter  D,  allowed  James  Elms  and 
conveyed  bv  assignments.  Deed  issued  to  Thomas  ]Mollay  for  100 
acres,  part  of  No.  2S6,  letter  D,  allowed  John  McMannass,  Sen.,  con- 
veyed by  assignment,  produced.  Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  for  the  Illinois  Grant, 
at  Captain  Richard  Terrell's  office,  the  14th  day  of  October,  1797, 
present,  Richard  Taylor,  William  Croghan,  Richard  Terrell,  Gent. 
Deed  issued  to  James  Ramsey  for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  119,  letter 
A.  Deed  issued  to  William  Swan,  assignee  of  Abraham  Lusader, 
for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  79,  letter  A,  conveyed  by  assignment,  pro- 
duced. Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  for  the  Illinois  Grant, 
at  Major  William  Croghan' s,  the  15th  day  of  November,  1797,  pres- 
ent, Richard  Taylor,  William  Croghan  aud  Richard  Terrell,  Gent. 
Deed  issued  to  Tilman  Camper  for  100  acres,  letter  C,  part  No.  53. 
A  deed  issued  to  Robert  George,  assignee  of  Abraham  Chapline,  for 
156  acres,  part  of  No.  376,  letter  A,  conveyed  by  assignment,  pro- 
duced. 

Deed  issued  to  Abraham  Lucas,  assignee  of  Henry  Frank,  for  100 
acres,  part  of  No.  73,  letter  D,  conveyed  by  assignment,  produced. 


lOCfS  AI.LOTAIEXT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARK's    (;li.\NT. 


Deed  issued  to  Jesse  Rowland,  assignee  of  Layton  \Miite,  for  loo 
acres,  part  of  Xo.  235,  letter  D,  con\-e3-ed  by  assignment,  produced. 

Deeds  issued  to  John  Isaacs  for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  123,  letter 
B.  Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meetiuLj  of  the  board  of  commissioners,  at  Louisville,  the  5th 
day  of  December,  1797,  present,  Richard  Taylor,  Alexander  Breck- 
enridge,  ^^"illiam  Croghan  and  Richard  Terrell,  Gent. 

Deed  issued  to  AVilliam  Croghan,  assignee,  for  the  following  claims, 
to  w-it:  Of  Samuel  Finle}-,  100  acres,  letter  D,  part  of  No.  30;  John 
Boyles,  100  acres,  letter  C,  part  of  No.  60;  Armstead  Dudley,  100 
acres,  letter  E,  part  of  No.  60;  Van  Swearingen,  100  acres,  letter 
B,  23art  of  No.  116;  George  Venshioner,  100  acres,  letter  B,  part  of 
No.  119;  Ebenezer  Bowen,  100  acres,  letter  A,  part  of  No.  12S ; 
and  of  James  JeiTold,  100  acres,  letter  B,  pai't  of  No.  12S. 

Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  at  Louisville,  the  9th 
day  of  December,  1797,  present,  James  F.  Aloore,  Richard  Taylor, 
Alexander  Breckenridge  and  Richard  Terrell,  gentlemen. 

Deed  issued  to  Richard  Terrell,  assignee,  for  234  acres,  part  of 
No.  246,  A.  Deed  issued  to  Richard  Terrell,  assignee,  for  100  acres, 
part  of  No.  81,  B.  Deed  issued  to  Richard  Terrell,  assignee,  for  100 
acres,  part  of  No.  162,  B.  Deed  issued  to  Richard  Terrell,  assignee, 
for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  79,  C.  Deed  issued  to  Richard  Terrell, 
assignee,  for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  174,  A.  Deed  issued  to  Richard 
Terrell,  assignee,  for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  2S6,  C.  Deed  issued  to 
Richard  Terrell,  assignee,  for  100  acres,  joart  of  No.  286,  A.  Deed 
issued  to  James  Guthrie,  assignee,  for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  211,  E. 

James  F.  Moore. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  at  Louisville,  the  second 
day  of  January,  1798,  present,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  Robert 
Breckenridge,  Williain  Croghan  and   Richard  Terrell,  gentlemen. 

Deed  issued  to  George  Hucklebery,  assignee  of  Richard  Harrison, 
for  500  acres,  No.  135,  by  assignment  produced. 

Alexander   Breckenridge. 


ALLOTMENT  OK  LAND  IN  CLARk's  GRANT.     lOyo 


At  a  meeting  of  ;i  lioard  of  commissioners  at  Louisville,  the  1st 
day  of  June,  179S,  present,  George  R.  Clark,  Richard  Taylor,  Will- 
iam Croghan  and  Richard  Terrell,  gentlemen. 

Deed  issued  to  Adam  Brcnton,  assignee  of  Isaac  Vanmcter,  for  100 
acres,  part  of  Xo.  34:;,  letter  C. 

Deed  issued  to  Robert  Biggs,  assignee  of  John  Baldwin,  assignee 
of  William  Montgomery,  heir  of  James,  for  156  acres,  part  of  No. 
i:;3,  letter  C. 

Deed  issued  to  the  heir  of  Isaac  Ilite,  assignee  of  Isaac  Kellar,  for 
200  acres,  part  of  Xo.  245,  letters  C  and  D. 

Deed  issued  to  Richard  Terrell,  assignee,  for  100  acres,  part  of 
X"o.  59,  letter  B,  and  for  152  acres,  part  of  Xo.  196,  letter  H. 

G.   R.   Clark. 

Ab  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  at  Louis\  ille,  the  6th 
day  of  August,  179S,  present,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  Robert 
Breckenridge,  Richard  Taylor,  Richard  Terrell  and  William  Crog- 
han, gentlemen. 

Deeds  issued  to  Jaines  Gordon  Heron,  for  three  tracts  of  c;oo  acres 

each,  to  wit:    No.  103,   139  and  183,  as  assignee  of  Richard  Harrison. 

Two  hundred  acres  deeded  to  William  Croghan,  assignee  of  Cox  and 

Fenwick,  assignee  of  Daniel  Brodhead,  assignee,  etc. 

r  William  Smith,  C,  No.  44. 
C  and  D  fl®"  i  '      '  +-t 

LWilliam  Kendall,  D,  X^'o.  44. 

A.  Breckenridge. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners,  at  Louisville,  the  6th 
of  November,  1798,  present,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  William  Crog- 
han and  Richard  Terrell,  Gent. 

Deeds  to  Martin  Adams,  assignee  of  James  Merriweather,  assignee 
of  Rice  Cuitis,  for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  60,  letter  B. 

A.  Breckenridge. 

At   a   meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners,   at  Major  William 

Croghan's,  the  27th  day  of  February,  1799,  present,  Richard  Taylor, 

William  Croghan  and  Richard  Terrell,  gentlemen. 
70 


IIOO     ALLOTMENT  OF  LAND  IN  CLARK'S  GRANT. 


Deeds  issued  to  Aquilla  Rogers,  assignee  for  200  acres,  part  of  No. 
331,  letters  D  and  E,  by  assignment  produced.  Deed  issued  to  Dan- 
iel Covert  for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  177,  letter  B,  by  assignment 
produced.  Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners,  at  Louisville,  the  4th 
day  of  June,  1799,  present,  Alexander  Breckenridge,  Robert  Brecken- 
ridge,  Wm.  Croghan  and  Richard  Teirell,  Gent. 

Deeds  issued  to  James  Hughs,  assignee  of  Joseph  Anderson,  for 
100  acres,  letter  C,  part  of  No.  17S.  A.  Breckexridge. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners,  at  Louisville,  the  21st 
day  of  February,  1801,  present,  Richard  Ta}lor,  James  F.  jMoore, 
Richard  Terrell  and  Wm.  Croghan,  gentlemen. 

James  F.  ISIoore  made  oath  before  the  board  that  he  knew  Wm. 
Myers,  and  knew  of  no  other  heir  that  he  had,  but  Catherine,  his 
sister,  married  to  Henrv  Thomas,  and  believes  her  to  be  his  only 
heir.  Adam  Brenton  also  made  oath  before  the  board  that  he  long 
knew  Wm.  Ivfyers  and  his  family,  and  he  knew  not  of  any  other  heir 
he  had,  except  his  sister,  Catherine,  the  wife  of  Henry  Thomas,  and 
believes  her  to  be  his  only  heir. 

Deed  issued  to  Adam  Brenton  for  100  acres,  letter  C,  No.  320, 
and  also  for  100  acres,  letter  C,  171,  by  assignments. 

Deed  issued  to  Francis  McGuire  for  100  acres,  letter  B,  No.  171, 
by  assignment. 

Deed  issued  to  Isaiah  Long  for  100  acres,  letter  D,  No.  174,  bv 
assignment.  Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners,  at  Jacob  Owens',  on 
Bear  Grass,  the  23d  day  of  February,  1801,  present,  Richard  Taylor, 
James  F.  Moore  and  Richard  Terrell,  gentlemen. 

Deed  issued  to  Jacob  Crumb,  assignee  of  Peter,  alias  Frederick 
Honaker,  for  100  acres  of  land,  part  of  No.  57,  known  by  the  let- 
ter E,  Richard  Taylor. 


ALLO'raiENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARK'S    GRANT.  iioi 


At  a  mectinn-  of  the  board  of  commissioners,  at  Major  William 
Croghan's,  on  Bear  Grass,  the  17th  day  of  Januar}-,  1S02,  present, 
Richard  Taylor,   William   Croghan  and  Richard  Terrell,  gentlemen. 

A  deed  issued  to  Christopher  ^McCullough,  assignee  of  Patrick 
Joyes,  assignee  of  John  Williams,  for  300  acres  of  land,  part  of  Xo. 
134,  B  and  E.  Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners,  at  Louis\  ille,  the  3d 
day  of  August,  iSo3,  present,  Richard  Taylor,  Robert  Breckenridge, 
A"\'illiam  Croghan  and  Richard  Terrell,  gentlemen. 

Deed  issued  to  Adam  Shell  for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  373,  letter 
B,  assignee  of  Thomas  Gaskins. 

Deed  to  Jacob  Key  Kendall  for  100  acres,  part  of  No.  116,  letter 
E,  assignee  of  Querten  Swoodin,  heir  of  Jonathan. 

Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners,  at  Richard  Terrell's, 
the  I3th  of  August,  1S03,  present,  Richard  Taylor,  William  Crog- 
han and  Richard  Terrell,  Gent. 

On  the  application  of  John  Thornton  and  producing  proof  that  he 
is  heir  at  law  to  Joseph  Thornton,  a  deed  issued  to  him  for  100  acres, 
part  of  No.  3,  letter  C,  the  original  plat  being  lost  or  mislaid  by 
Michael  Lacaassigne,  to  whom  it  was  delivered. 

Richard  Taylor. 

Proceedings  of  the  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant  commenced 
the  38th  October,  1802. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  for  the  Illinois  Grant, 
at  the  house  of  Major  John  Harrison,  in  Louisville,  on  Thursday, 
the  28th  day  of  October,  1803,  present,  George  Rogers  Clark,  Rich- 
ard Taylor  and  William  Croghan,  Gent. 

Resolved^  That  Marston  Greene  Clarke  be  appointed  sun'eyor  of 
the  Illinois  Grant,  in  the  room  of  Captain  Richard  Terrell,  deceased. 

Resolved,  That  Captain  William  Clark  be  appointed  clerk  of  the 
commissioners,  in  the  room  of  Richard  Terrell,  deceased. 


Resolved,  That  Major  A^'illiam  Croghan  be  authorized  to  apply  to 
and  receive  from  the  administrator  of  Captain  Terrell,  deceased,  all 
the  papers  belonging  to  the  board  of  commissioners  and  that  he  deliver 
to  the  sin-ve)'or  the  record  book  of  the  surveys  and  the  remainder  of 
the  papers  to  deliver  to  Captain  William  Clark,  clerk  of  the  commis- 
sioners. 

Resolved,   That  the  board  do  adjourn.  G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  in 
Louisville,  the  22A  April,  1S03,  present,  George  Rogers  Clark,  Rich- 
ard Taylor  and  Williain  Croghan,  Gent. 

The  following  deeds  -were  issued  for  lands  within  the  said  grant, 
\\z. :  One  hundred  acres  to  Phillip  Fulkerson,  assignee  of  John 
Cowen,  designated  by  letter  A,  in  No.  231  ;  100  acres  to  Val  Stoner, 
assignee  of  John  Brenton,  assignee  of  Harrison,  assignee  of  J. 
Brooks,  assignee  of  Charles  Ownsbj-,  as  designated  by  letter  D,  No. 
211  ;  100  acres  to  the  heirs  of  Richard  Terrell,  assignee  of  Daniel 
Brodhead,  assignee  of  Ed-ward  Mathews  as  attorneys  in  fact  for 
Charles  Belderbeck,  designated,  by  letter  D,  No.  85. 

One  hundred  to  Geo.  Shake,  assignee  of  Richard  Terrell,  assignee 
of  John  Ray,  heir  at  law  to  William  Ray,  as  designated  by  letter  B, 
in  No.  118;  100  acres  to  Aaron  Moore,  heir  of  AVilliam  Moore,  de- 
ceased, assignee  of  James  Murray,  heir  at  law  to  Edward  Murray, 
as  designated  by  letter  E,  No.  54 ;  to  John  Harrison,  assignee  of 
George  Lewis,  assignee  of  George  Clark,  for  100  acres,  letter  E, 
part  of  No.  205  ;  to  John  Harrison,  assignee  of  George  Lewis, 
assignee  of  Simon  Kenton,  for  100  acres,  letter  E,  part  of  No.  198. 

Adjourned.  G.  R.  Clark,  Chairman. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  at 
Major  AVilliam  Croghan's,  the  20th  of  July,  1803,  present,  George 
Rogers  Clark,  Richard  Taylor  and  William  Croghan,  gentlemen. 

The  following  deeds  were  issued  for  lands  within  the  said  grant, 
viz.  .  One  hundred  acres  to  Elizabeth  Talley,  heir  at  law  to  John 
Talley,  deceased,  designated  by  letter  D,  part  of  No.  142  ;    100  acres 


AI.IXrrMKNT    OF    LAND    IN    CT.ARk'.S    GRANT.  1 103 

to  John  Bhickburn,  assignee  of  Da\  id  Morgan,  assignee  ( and 
attorney  in  fact),  of  Peter  Cogen,  as  designated  by  letter  B,  part  of 
No.  52  ;  100  acres  to  said  John  Blackburn,  assignee  of  David  Mor- 
gan, assignee  (and  attorney  in  fact),  of  Jacob  Cogen,  designated  by 
letter  B,  in  part  of  Xo.  205. 

Adjourned.  G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  at 
Louisville,  the  6th  day  of  June,  1S04,  present,  James  F.  Moore, 
William  Croghan  and  Richard  Taylor. 

Deed  issued  to  Abraham  Meresham,  heir  at  law  to  Nathaniel  Mere- 
sham,  for  letter  C  of   100  acres  in  the  Illinois  Grant,  in  No.  354. 

Board  adjourned.  James  F.  Moore. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant, 
the  2d  day  of  July,  1S04,  present,  Robert  Breckenridge,  James  F. 
Moore,  Richard  Taylor,  Gent. 

A  deed  issued  to  John  Bottorff,  assignee  of  John  McDonald,  as- 
signee of  Lampson  Gray,  who  was  assignee  of  James  Godfrey,  for 
IOC  acres,  letter  A,  in  No.  94,  in  the  Illinois  Grant. 

James  F.  Moore. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  at 
Louisville,  on  the  nth  day  of  October,  1S05,  present,  Richard 
Taylor,  William  Croghan  and  Robert  Breckenridge. 

A  deed  issued  to  Fulton  Lindsey,  assignee  of  Robert  Patterson, 
who  is  assignee  of  James  Gray,  heir  at  law  to  George  Gray,  for  100 
acres,  letter  E,  in  No.  224,  in  said  grant. 

Deed  issued  to  Hugh  Espey  as  assignee  of  William  Griffin,  who  is 
assignee  of  Samuel  Ilenr}-,  heir  at  law  to  John  Henry,  deceased,  for 
100  acres  in  the  said  grant,  being  letter  B,  in  No.   13. 

Adjourned.  Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
Saturday,  the  23d  of  November,  1805,  present,  George  R.  Clark, 
Richard  Taylor  and  William  Croghan. 


II04  ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARK  S    GRANT. 


A  deed  issued  to  James  Gilmore,  assignee  of  Noah  Crocz,  for  lOO 
acres  of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant,  letter  A,  in  No.  53.  Also  to  John 
BeiT}',  assignee  of  Solomon  Walker,  who  was  assignee  of  Robert 
Davis,  for  100  acres  of  land,  letter  E,  in  No.  59. 

Adjourned.  G.   R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  at 
Louisville,  on  the  20th  March,  1S06,  present,  George  Rogers  Clark, 
William  Croghan,  Richard  Taylor. 

Deed  issued  to  William  Robey,  assignee  of  William  Robey, 
Thomas  Robey  and  John  Robey,  heirs  at  law  of  Williain  Robey,  de- 
ceased, for  100  acres,  known  by  letter  A,  in  Lot  No.  118.  Also  deed 
issued  to  the  same  as  heir  at  law  to  William  Rubey,  deceased,  for  200 
acres,  letters  C  and  D,  in  lot  No.  iiS. 

Adjourned.  G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
the  4th  day  of  May,  1S06,  jDresent,  George  R.  Clark,  Richard  Tay- 
lor and  William  Croghan. 

Deed  issued  to  John  Berry,  assignee  of  John  Harris,  who  -was  as- 
signee of  George  Gilmore,  for  100  acres,  being  letter  C  in  No.  94. 

Adjourned.  G.   R.   Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  at 
Loui^^•illc,  on  the  28th  June,  1806,  present,  George  R.  Clark,  Will- 
iam Croghan  and  Richard  Taylor. 

A  deed  issued  to  William  Brenton,  assignee  of  William  Clark,  for 
45  acres,  letter  A,  in  No.   141,  in  Illinois  Grant. 

A  deed  issued  to  John  McLoney,  assignee  for  200  acres  of  land, 
letters  A  and  B,  the  claim  of  Beverly  Trent,  No.  (142). 

A  deed  issued  Adam  Brenton,  assignee  for  100  acres,  letter  E,  in 
No.  79. 

Adjourned.  G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  at 
Louisville,  on  the  29th   of  September,  1806,  present,  Geo.  R.  Clark, 


ALLOTMENT  OF  LAND  IN  CLARk's  GRANT. 


Williuni  Croghan,  Robert  Breckenridge  and  Richard  Taylor,  gentle- 
men. 

William  Ferguson  and  John  Berry  laid  before  the  board  an  assign- 
ment from  James  Robertson  to  David  Frazier,  and  from  said  Frazier 
to  the  said  Ferguson  and  Berry,  and  prayed  the  board  to  grant  them 
a  deed  for  said  Robertson's  claim  in  the  said  grant.  And  Robert  A. 
New,  as  agent  for  the  heirs  and  representatives  of  the  said  Robert, 
prayed  the  board  to  suspend  the  issuing  of  the  deeds  for  said  claim, 
suggesting  that  fraud  had  been  committed  on  the  part  of  the  said 
BeiTy  and  Ferguson  in  producing  and  authenticating  said  assign- 
ment. It  is  ordered  that  a  further  time,  until  the  first  Monday  in 
April  next,  be  given  the  parties  to  establish  their  claims,  at  -which 
time  the  board  will  determine  on  the  same. 

Adjourned.  G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
Thursday,  the  30th  day  of  June,  180S,  present,  Robert  Breckenridge, 
William  Croghan  and  Richard  Taylor,  commissioners. 

Deed  issued  to  Robert  M'hitehill,  Jr.,  for  100  acres  of  land,  letter 
C,  in  No.  38  ;  granted  to  John  Hughes,  deceased,  and  assigned  by 
Tames  Hughes  as  the  heir  at  law  to  said  John  Hughes,  deceased,  to 
said  Robert  Whitehill. 

(Signed)  Robert  Breckenridge 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
the  3d  day  of  August,  180S,  present,  James  F.  Moore,  William  Crog- 
han and  Robert  Breckenridge,  commissioners. 

A  deed  issued  to  William  Cornell,  assignee  of  Jonah  Phelps,  for 
100  acres  of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant,  letter  A,  in  No.   177. 

Robert  Breckenridge. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant  at 
the  house  of  John  Gwathmy,  agreeable  to  public  notice,  on  Thurs- 
day, the  1st  day  of  September,  1808,  present,  Richard  Taylor,  Will- 
iam Croghan  and  Robert  Breckenridge,  commissioners,  a  deed  issued 
to  Benjamin  Brewer,  assignee  of  Steth.  Daniel,  assignee  of  Jerry  Har- 


II06  ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARk'S    GRANT. 

rison,  assignee  of  ^Michael  Graves,  who  was  assignee  of  James  Brown, 
for  300  acres  of  land,  being  letters  D  and  E  in  No.  273,  the  claims 
of  the  said  James  Brown. 

A  deed  issued  to  William  Asher,  assignee  of  Bartlett  Asher,  who 
is  heir  at  la\v  to  William  Asher,  deceased,  for  100  acres,  letter  C, 
in  Xo.  59. 

The  commissioners  having  examined  the  papers  laid  before  them 
bv  the  representatives  of  Richard  Terrell,  and  those  laid  before  them 
bv  Jacob  Peck,  it  appears  from  said  papers  that  in  the  original  plat 
of  the  survev  there  is  an  assignment  made  bv  Henry  Thomas,  as- 
signee, to  Andrev\'  Crockett,  to  which  assignment  there  is  no  date, 
and  on  the  said  plat  of  survev  is  an  assignment  from  Frederick  Ed- 
wards, as  agent  of  Andrew  Crockett,  to  Richard  Terrell,  bearing 
date  the  3  Est  day  of  April,  1798.  That  on  the  part  of  Jacob  Peck  is 
an  assignment  of  the  said  Henry  Thomas  to  said  Jacob  Peck  on  the 
certificate  of  George  R.  Clark  to  John  Lines,  who  served  for  the  claim 
now  in  question,  dated  the  34th  day  of  November,  1794. 

The  commissioners,  having  considered  said  claims,  are  of  opinion 
that  the  claim  of  Jacob  Peck  is  better  than  that  of  the  representatives 
of  Richard  Terrell,  inasmuch  as  the  date  of  the  assignment  to  Peck 
is  prior  to  the  date  of  that  from  Edwards,  as  agent  for  Crockett,  to 
Richard  Terrell. 

It  is  ordered  that  a  deed  issue  to  the  said  Jacob  Peck  for  the  said 
claims  of  Henry  Thomas  as  assignee  of  John  Lyne  (Lines),  which 
claim  is  100  acres  of  land,  letter  C,  in  No.   119. 

Resolved^  That  the  board  adjourn  until  Saturday,  the  29th  day  of 
October  next.  Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant, 
agreeable  to  adjournment  at  the  last  meeting,  on  the  29th  day  of  Oc- 
tober, 1S08,  present,  George  Rogers  Clark,  William  Croghan  and 
Richard  Taylor,  Gent.  A  deed  issued  to  John  Crum,  assignee  of 
William  King,  assignee  of  Henry  Honakcr,  for  100  acres  of  land, 
letter  C  in  No.  57.  A  deed  issued  to  William  Goodwin,  assignee  of 
David  Jones,  for  100  acres,  letter  C   in  No.   138.      A   deed   issued   to 


ALLOTiAIENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARK  S    GRAN'I'.  H07 

James   McKinney,  assignee   of  John  Lang,  assignee  of  Isaac  Yates, 
for  100  acres,  letter  B  in  No.  210. 

Adjourned.  G.   R.   Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  at 
Louisville,  on  the  3d  day  of  December,  iSoS,  present,  George  Rogers 
Clark,  Robert  Breckenridge,  Richard  Taylor,  James  F.  Moore  and 
William  Croghan. 

The  board  having  met  on  this  day  for  the  purpose  of  determining 
on  the  contest  between  the  heirs  of  James  Robertson  and  John  Berry 
and  Ferguson  and  Philip  Barbor,  heir  and  representative  of  Phil.  Bar- 
bour, deceased,  but,  no  person  appearing  on  the  part  of  said  Berry 
and  Ferguson  to  advocate  their  claim,  the  board  think  it  not  most 
proper  to  suspend  the  investigation  of  said  claims  until  Tuesday 
morning  next,  for  which  purpose  a  board  will  be  formed  on  said  day, 
at  the  school-house,  near  Colonel  Taylor's.  G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  agreeably 
to  the  adjournment  of  the  3d  instant,  present,  George  Rogers  Clark, 
James  Francis  Moore,  William  Croghan,  Richard  Taylor  and  Rob- 
ert Breckenridge. 

The  commissioners  having  examined  the  papers  adduced  by  Messrs. 
John  Berry  and  William  Ferguson,  and  the  heirs  of  James  Robei^tson 
deceased,  and  of  Philip  Barber,  heir  at  law  to  Philip  Barber,  de- 
ceased (and  having  examined  Aaron  Prather  touching  the  claim  of 
the  above-named  Berrv  and  Ferguson),  all  of  ^\'hom  have  prayed  the 
commissioners  to  grant  them  deeds  for  the  lands  in  the  Illinois  Grant 
allowed  to  James  Robertson  for  military  services,  are  of  opinion  that 
it  is  proved  by  the  testimony  of  said  Prather  that  the  assignment  of 
the  said  Berry  and  Ferguson  from  said  James  Robertson  T,\-as  fraudu- 
lently procured,  as  appears  from  the  deposition  of  Aaron  Prather. 

It  is  ordered  that  deeds  issue  to  the  (legal  heirs,  representatives, 
devisee  or  devisees)  of  the  said  James  Robertson  for  all  the  lands  in 
the  said  grant  allowed  to  him  by  the  board  of  commissioners. 

Adjourned.  G.  R.  Clark. 


HOS  ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARK'S    GRANT. 


At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant, 
at  Louisville,  on  the  nth  day  of  May,  1S09,  present,  William  Crog- 
han,  Robert   Breckenridge,     Richard    Taylor   and    James  F.   Moore. 

A  deed  issued  to  Lucy  Sullivan,  Daniel  Sullivan,  William  Sullivan, 
Rebecca  Sullivan  and  Sophia  Sullivan,  heirs  of  William  Sullivan, 
deceased,  as  assignee  of  Marston  G.  Clark,  assignee  of  John  Pul- 
ford,  for  100  acres,  being  letter  E,  in  No.  31  (thirty-one). 

A  deed  issued  to  Adam  Brenton,  assignee  of  David  Millhanks  and 
Annie,  his  wife,  for  letter  E,  in  No.  38,  of    100  acres. 

Adjourned.  Robert  Breckenridge. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant, 
on  Friday,  22d  of  September,  1809,  present,  George  Rogers  Clark, 
W^illiam  Croghan  and  Richard  Taylor. 

A  deed  issued  to  John  Corkey  Owings,  assignee  of  Robert  Patter- 
son, for  200  acres  of  land,  being  letter  D  and  E,  in  No.  177. 

Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
the  27th  day  of  November,  1S09,  present,  Geo.  R.  Clark,  James  F. 
Moore,  William  Croghan,  Richard  Taylor  and  Robert  Breckenridge. 

Philip  Barbour,  Jr.,  petitioned  this  board  to  grant  him  a  deed  for 
the  lands,  lying  in  the  Illinois  Grant,  of  which  James  Robertson,  late 
lieutenant  in  the  Illinois  regiment,  died  possessed,  and  produced 
to  the  board  an  authenticated  copy  of  the  last  will  and  testament  of 
the  said  James  Robertson  and  other  testimonials  to  establish  his  claim. 

Robert  A.  New,  as  attorney  for  Jeremiah  Tvirpin,  who  intermar- 
ried with  Ann  Robertson,  the  daughter  of  John  Robertson,  heir  at 
law  to  said  James  Robertson  and  who  is  assignee  of  Wattball  Robert- 
son. Henry  Turpin  and  Elizabeth  Turpin,  Eleazer  Cheatham,  Mar- 
tha Cheatham,  John  Robertson,  Richard  Robertson,  William  Robert- 
son, Jr.,  and  others,  who  claim  to  be  the  heirs  and  representatives  of 
said  James  Robertson,  deceased,  which,  being  considered  of  by  the 
board,  it  is  ordered  that  deeds  do  issue  to  the  said  Philip  Barbour,  Jr., 
heir    at   law  to   Philip  Barbour,  deceased,    who  was  devisee    of  said 


allotjment  of  land  in  Clark's  grant.         1109 


James  Robertson,  for  lots  No.  35,  of  500  acres ;  No.  300,  of  500 
acres;  No.  206,  of  500  acres,  and  No.  294,  of  500,  and  for  letter  B, 
of  156  acres,  part  of  No.  106,  which  lands  were  granted  to  said 
Robertson  as  lieutenant  in  said  regiment.  The  said  deeds  to  be  made 
with  the  following  condition,  to  wit: 

"  Saving  to  the  said  Jeremiah  Turpin  such  title  as  he  maybe  able  to 
establish  either  in  a  court  of  equity  or  law,  to  said  lands  as  represen- 
tation aforesaid." 

It  is  also  ordered  that  the  order  made  for  granting  the  before- 
mentioned  lands  to  the  "legal  heirs,  representatives,  devisee  or  devisees 
of  said  Robertson,"  in  the  month  of  December  last,  be  rescribed. 

Adjourned.  G.  R.  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
the  23d  day  of  January,  1810,  present,  George  R.  Clark,  William 
Croghan,  Richard  Taylor,  a  deed  issued  to  John  R.  Nugent,  assignee 
of  Thomas  Consola,  heir  at  law  to  Hannah  Consola,  for  100  acres, 
being  letter  C,  in  No.  205. 

Adjourned.  G.  R:  Clark. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
the  14th  day  of  March,  iSio,  present,  George  R.  Clark,  Richard 
Taylor  and  William  Croghan. 

Resolved ^  That  the  500-acre  survey.  No.  74  (seventy-four),  be  laid 
off  into  lOO-acre  lots,  and  that  the  said  100  acres  be,  each  of  them, 
distinguished  on  the  map  by  letters  A,  B,  C,  D  and  E,  in  the  same 
manner  as  is  distinguished  in  lot  No.  73,  and  that  the  surveyor  of 
Clark  county  be  requested  to  lay  off  the  said  lots  accordingly  and  re- 
turn a  plat  of  survey  to  the  next  meeting  of  the  board. 

Resolved^  also,  That  on  the  application  of  any  individual  to  the 
board  and  producing  assignments  from  persons  owning  eight-acre  lots 
in  said  No.  74,  to  the  amount  of  100  acres,  the  board  will  proceed  to 
ballot  and  make  a  deed  for  the  letter  drawn  accordingly. 

G.  R.  Clark. 


I  I  lO 


At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  at 
Louisville,  on  the  17th  day  of  May,  rSio,  present,  William  Croghan, 
Robert  Breckenridge  and  Richard  Taylor,  commissioners. 

^V  deed  issued  to  James  Cratcher,  assignee  of  Nathaniel  Gains  and 
Ingrev,  his  wife,  formerl}'  Ingerv  House,  heiress  of  Andrew  House, 
for  100  acres,  being  letter  E  in  No.  28. 

Adjourned.  W.  Croghan. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
the  1 2th  of  November,  iSio,  present,  Robert  Breckenridge,  William 
Croghan  and  Richard  Taylor. 

E\an  Shelby,  surveyor  of  Clark  county,  Indiana  territory,  pursuant 
to  a  former  resolution  of  this  board,  has  surveyed  lot  No.  74,  in  the 
Illinois  Grant,  and  laid  the  same  out  into  five  equal  lots,  distinguished 
b)'  letters  A,  B,  C,  D  and  E.      Ordered,  that  the   same  be  recorded. 

George  Huckleberry  having  produced  assignments  to  the  board  for 
twenty  claims  of  eight  acres  each,  in  said  number,  which  the  board 
consider  sufficiently  authenticated,  and  the  said  Huckleberry,  by  E-^an 
Shelby,  having  proceeded  to  ballot  for  the  same,  drew  the  said  160 
acres  out  of  letters  C  and  D. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissioners  will  make  a  deed  of  conveyance 
to  the  said  Huckleberry,  his  heirs  or  assigns,  for  the  said  160  acres, 
to  include  letter  C  and  the  remainder  in  letter  D,  adjoining  the  same, 
or  that  the  commissioners  v^'ill  convey  the  whole  of  the  said  two  let- 
ters when  the  said  Huckleberry  shall  produce  assignments  for  the 
forty  acres  which  shall  be  considered  sufficiently  authenticated  by  the 
commissioners.  Ordered,  that  the  said  Huckleberry  be  authorized  to 
take  possession  of  the  said  160  acres  whenever  he  shall  think  proper 
so  to  do. 

Ordered,  that  the  board  do  adjourn.  R.  Breckenridge. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
the  22d  of  Januar}',  181 1,  present  Robert  Breckenridge,  Will  Crog- 
han and  R.  Taylor. 

George  Huckleberry,  Jr.,  having  produced  to  the  board  five  other 
assignments  for  eight-acre  lots  in  lot  No.  74,  a  deed  issued  to  the  said 


ALLOTMENT    OK    LAND    IN    CLARK  S    GRANT.  mi 

George  Hucklelierrv  for  300  acres  of  laud,  being  letters  C  and  D  in 
said  No.  74,  heretofore  drawn  by  said  Huckleberry,  and  being  each 
of  the  residuary  claims  of  ^"a^  Swearcngen,  Florence  Mahonev, 
John  Tally,  Peter  Priest,  Jacob  Spears,  Nathaniel  Mershon,  William 
Whitly,  James  Whitecotton,  Ebenezer  Osborn,  William  Ray,  George 
Vensioner,  Michael  and  John  Setzer,  John  and  Page  vSartcn,  Charles 
Onsle\',  Isaac  Vanmeter,  Josiah  Phelps,  Isaac  Yates,  Henry  Vance, 
John  Paul,  William  Thompson,  Barney  Waters,  George  Shepherd 
and  Samuel  ^Vatkins. 

Adjourned.  R.  Breckenridgk. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
the  ist  day  of  February,  1813,  present,  George  R.  Clark,  Richard 
Taylor  and  William  Croghan. 

A  deed  issued  to  Isaac  McBride  for  100  acres,  letter  D,  in  Xo.  3S1. 

Adjourned.  Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
the  4th  day  of  August,  1813,  present,  Robert  Breckenridge,  Richard 
Taylor  and  William  Croghan. 

Ordered  that  a  deed  issue  to  William  Wilson,  assignee  of  James 
Beggs,  assignee  of  Henly  Vance,  for  100  acres  in  the  Illinois  Grant, 
letter  D,  in  No.  243. 

Ordered  that  a  deed  issue  to  James  Biggs,  assignee  of  Fulton  Lind- 
sey,  assignee  of  the  heirs  of  Arthur  Lindsey,  for  100  acres,  letter  D, 
in  No.  79. 

Adjourned.  Robert  Breckenridge. 

The  fees  paid  for  plats  taken  out  of  the  office  whilst  the  papers 
\Yere  in  my  possession  were  paid  to  Major  Croghan,  executor  of 
William  Clark,  deceased,  Nov.  11,  1S15. 

Samuel  Gwathmey. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
the  9th  day  of  August,  1815,  present,  Richard  Taylor,  William  Crog- 
han and  Robert  Breckenridge,  gentlemen. 


ALLOTMENT    OF    LAND    IN    CLARK'S    GRANT. 


A  deed  issued  to  Robert  Cornell,  assignee  of  Thomas  Key,  assignee 
of   Gasper  Gaylor,  for  lOO  acres,  letter  D,  No.  224. 

Ordered  that  a  deed  issue  to  William  Goodwin,  assignee  of  John 
Jackson,  assignee  of  Mary  and  Jane  Vaughan,  assignee  of  Garrard 
Enoch  Nelson,  bv  power  of  attorney  (or  letter  to  James  Patton),  for 
two  undivided  third  parts  of   lOO-acre  tract,  letter  E,  No.  85. 

A  deed  issued  to  Philip  Daily,  assignee  of  Original  Young, 
assignee  of  Aaron  ]\Ioore,  assignee  of  Christopher  Greenup,  assignee 
of  Elisha  Freeman,  heir  at  law  to  William  Freeman  for  100  acres, 
letter  E,  No.  73. 

Adjourned.  Richard  Taylor. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  on 
the  2d  da^•  of  September,  1815,  present,  Richard  Taylor,  Wm.  Crog- 
han  and  Robert  Breckenridge,  Gent. 

A  deed  issued  to  Abram  Appier,  assignee  of  William  Cawillfax, 
assignee  of  Richard  Cox,  for  100  acres  of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant, 
part  of  a  tract  of  500  acres,  No.  59,  letter  D,  which  deed  bears  date 
August  14,  last.  Richard  Taylor. 

On  the  14th  of  December,  18 16,  William  Croghan,  Richard  Taylor 
and  Robert  Breckenridge,  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  made 
a  deed  to  Aaron  Prather,  assignee  of  Edmund  Fear,  for  100  acres  of 
land  in  the  Illinois  Grant,  being  the  letter  C,  part  of  the  500-acre 
survey  No.  73.  W.  Croghan. 

On  the  20th  of  December,  1816,  William  Croghan,  Richard  Taylor 
and  Robert  Breckenridge,  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  made 
a  deed  to  Absalom  Parker,  assignee  of  Thomas  Allen,  who  was 
assignee  of  Wm.  Slack,  for  100  acres  of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant, 
letter  E,  part  of  the  500-acre  sui-vey  No.  174.  W.  Croghan. 

On  the  19th  of  February,  1818,  Mr.  John  Sullivan,  guardian  of  the 
heir  of  William  Sullivan,  deceased,  produced  to  the  commissioners 
of  the  Illinois  Grant,  viz.  :  Robert  Breckenridge,  William  Croghan 
and  Richard  Taylor,  an  assignment  from  Samuel  Stephenson,  form- 


ALLOTMENT  OF  LAND  IN  CLARK'S  GRANT. 


erly  a  soldier  in  the  Illinois  regiment,  to  the  said  William  Sullivan 
for  the  land  which  he  is  entitled  to  for  his  services  in  the  said  regi- 
ment, upon  which  assignment  the  said  commissioners  granted  a  deed 
for  lOO  acres  of  land  lying  in  the  said  grant  lettered  E,  No.  2S6,  to 
Daniel  P.  Sullivan,  \Villiam,  Sophia  and  Rebecca,  heirs  of  the  said 
\Vm.  Sulli-wan,  deceased.  W.  Crogiian. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  board  of  the  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant, 
on  the  3d  day  of  June,  1819,  present,  William  Croghan,  Richard 
Taylor,  Robert  Breckenridge,  Gent.  A  deed  from  the  said  commis- 
sioners to  Thomas  Joyes,  for  156  acres  of  land  in  the  Grant,  assignee 
of  the  heirs  and  devisees  of  Valentine  T.  Dalton,  which  is  known  in 
the  plan  of  said  grant  by  the  number,  155,  letter  C. 

A  deed  from  the  commissioners  to  James  Ross,  assignee  of  James 
Scott,  who  was  assignee  of  James  January,  the  original  claimants  for 
100  acres  of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant,  part  of  No.  198,  letter  C, 
granted  the  7th  day  of  July,  1S19,  by  Richard  Taylor,  William  Cro- 
ghan and  Robert  Breckenridge,  Esquires. 

November  25,  1819.  A  deed  from  Richard  Taylor,  Robert  Breck- 
enridge and  William  Croghan,  commissioners,  etc.,  to  Aaron  Moore, 
assignee  of  Jacob  Miller,  heir  at  law  of  Abraham  Miller,  deceased, 
for  100  acres  of  land  in  the  Illinois  Grant,  part  of  No.  54,  letter  C; 
also  a  deed  to  the  said  Moore  for  100  acres  as  assignee  of  Williain 
Lear,  part  of  No.  54,  letter  A. 

March  21,  1820.  The  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant  (to  wit, 
William  Croghan,  Richard  Taylor  and  Robert  Breckenridge,  Gents.), 
on  the  application  of  Thomas  Joyes,  who  produced  satisfactory  pa- 
pers in  evidence  of  his  right,  granted  a  deed  for  two  tracts  of  land  of 
500  acres  each,  and  distinguished  on  the  map  of  said  grant  by  their 
numbers,  168  and  185,  to  the  said  Joyes  as  the  grantee  of  Robert 
Walsh  and  Anna  Maria  Walsh,  his  wife,  the  sole  heir  of  Jasper 
Moyland,  deceased,  and  Samuel  Fox  and  Maria  Fox,  his  wife,  and 
William  Lansdale  and  Elizabeth  Lansdale,  his  wife  ;  the  said  Maria 
Fox  and  Elizabeth  Lansdale  being  the  only  heirs  of  Stephen  Moy- 
land, deceased,  and  the  said  Jasper  arid   Stephen  Moyland  being  the 


1 1 14     ALLOTMENT  OF  LAND  IN  CLARk's  GRANT. 


only  heirs  of  John  Moyland,  deceased,  to  whom  a  deed  had  been  ex- 
ecuted by  a  former  board  of  commissioners  for  the  said  tw'o  tracts  of 
500  acres  of  land  each,  as  assignee  of  General  G.  R.  Clark,  which 
deed  is  represented  to  be  lost  or  mislaid,  and  therefore  the  said  heirs 
and  legal  representatives  of  the  said  John  Aloyland  have  conveyed  the 
said  land  to  said  Thomas  Joyes,  and  by  their  attorney,  Robert  Wick- 
liffe,  have  authorized  and  requested  the  renewal  of  the  deed  accord- 
ingly. Robert  Breckenridge. 

Louisville,  June  i,  1S20. 

The  undersigned,  one  of  the  commissioners  for  settling  the  claims  to 
lands  in  the  Illinois  Grant  and  granting  deeds  for  the  same,  having  ex- 
amined the  following  residuary  soldiers'  claims  and  the  assignments 
thereof  to  George  Huckleberry,  which  are  found  to  be  correct,  viz.  : 
Daniel  Williams,  James  Ramsey,  Jesse  Finer,  Isaac  McBride,  G.  E. 
Nelson,  Ebenezer  Severns,  Jonathan  Sworden,  Will  Ruby,  Robert 
Witt,  Francis  Spilman,  Flenry  Pratber,  John  McManness,  Sen.,  for 
eight  acres  each,  and  John  Thompson,  heir  at  law  to  Joseph  Thorn- 
ton, deceased,  for  eight  acres,  four  acres  of  which  are  appropriated  to 
make  the  quantity  of  100  acres  ;  and  the  said  George  Huckleberry, 
bv  Evan  Shelby,  proceeded  to  ballot  for  one  of  the  unappropriated 
lots  of  the  survev  for  500  acres,  which  is  distinguished  in  the  map  of 
said  grant  by  its  number,  74.  When  he  drew  the  lot,  letter  E,  for 
which  a  deed  may  issue  upon  his  procuring  an  additional  claim  regu- 
larly assigned,  for  so  much  as  will  complete  the  100  acres,  and  in  the 
meantime  the  said  Huckleberry  maj'  enter  upon  and  take  possession 
of  the  same. 

March — ,  1S31,  the  said  Hucklebcrrv  produced  the  above  claim 
of  John  Thornton,  heir,  etc.     Deed  issued  accordingly. 

RoRERT  Breckenridge. 

Deed  signed  by  R.  Breckenridge  in  favor  of  William  Goodwin  for 
one-third  part  of  letter  E,  No.  85,  and  delivered  to  Evan  Shelby  for 
the  signatures  of  the  other  commissioners,  William  Croghan  and 
Richard  Taylor,  Esquires. 


ALI.OTMIlNT    of    land    in    CLARK  S    GRANT.  1115 

jVIso,  a  deed  in  favor  of  ^Villiam  Morgan,  assignee  of  R.  Witt, 
for  100  aci-es,  letter  B,  part  of  No.  243,  and  a  deed  to  Reece  Williams, 
heir  at  law  of  Daniel  ^^'illiams,  for  100  acres,  letter  E,  part  of  No. 
343,  which  deeds  \\ere  signed  by  R.  Breckenridge  and  delivered  by 
him  to  E\an  Shelby  to  obtain  the  signatures  of  the  other  commission- 
ers, William  Croghan  and  Richard  Taylor,  Esquires. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  bo-ird  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant, 
at  Charlestown,  on  the  30th  day  of  August,  1S25,  for  the  purpose  of 
creating  deeds,  etc.,  present,  Joseph  Bartholomew,  James  Beggs, 
Andrew  P.  Hay,  Benjamin  Ferguson  and  Stephen  Ilutchings,  Gent. 
Joseph  Bartholomew  was  appointed  chairman  of  the  board  and  John 
Douthatt  the  clerk  of  the  same. 

Ordered  that  the  board  of  commissioners  adjourn  until  the  15th  day 
of  October.  Joskph  Bartholomew,  Chairman. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  according 
to  adjournment,  in  Charlestown,  on  the  15th  day  of  October,  1825, 
present,  Joseph  Bartholomew,  James  Beggs,  Benjamin  Ferguson, 
Orlando  Raymond  and  Stephen  Hutchings,  Gent.  Andrew  P.  Ilay 
present. 

Ordered,  that  a  deed  issue  to  Henry  Renacking,  assignee  of  Shad- 
rach  G.  Moore,  assignee  of  William  Coll,  assignee  of  Benjamin 
Brown,  assignee  of  Alexander  Mclntire,  for  100  acres  of  land  in  No. 
130,  letter  C. 

Ordered,  that  deed  issue  to  Joseph  Coombs,  assignee  of  Isaac 
Greathouse,  assignee  of  II.  Greathouse  and  Isaac  Greathouse,  heir 
at  law  of  William  Greathouse,  deceased,  100  acres  of  land  in  No. 
234  and  letter  B. 

Ordered  that  deed  issue  to  Shem  Hostedler,  assignee  of  Daniel 
Bower,  assignee  of  Elizabeth  Alexander,  heir  at  law  of  James  Alex- 
ander, deceased,  assignee  of  Andrew  Spear,  assignee  of  Isaac  Samp- 
son, assignee  of  Thomas  Short,  who  was  assignee  of  Robert 
Barnett  for  100  acres  of   land  in  No.   162  and  letter  C, 


I  lib  ALLOTATEXT    OF    I.AXD    IX    CI.ARK  .S    GR-\XT. 

Orilered,  that  the  clerk  of  this  board  recei\e  two  dollars  for  each  deed 
which  is  executed  by  the  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  Grant. 

Ordered,  that  deed  issue  to  James  Curr\',  assignee  of  Jacob  Teeple, 
assignee  of  James  Drake,  assignee  of  Robert  A.  New,  assignee  of 
James  Ferguson,  assignee  of  Evan  Shelby,  assignee  of  Jacob  Spear, 
f<jr  loo  acres  of  land  in  Nn.   174  and  letter  B. 

The  board  adjourned.  Joseph  Bartholomew. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Illinois  regi- 
ment, according  to  adjournment,  in  Charlestown,  the  27th  day  of 
November,  .V.  D.  1S46,  present,  Andrew  P.  Hay,  Alexander  Mars, 
Samuel  McCampbell,  David  W.  Dailey  and  Christopher  Cole,  Gent., 
the  board  unanimouslv  appointed  Andrew  P.  Hav  president  of  the 
board  of  commissioners,  and  also  unanimously  appointed  Joseph 
Bower  clerk  of  said  board,  in  place  of  John  Douthitt,  Esq.,  former 
clerk,  \\'ho  has  heretofore  resigned  his  said  office  as  clerk  aforesaid. 

The  board  proceeded  to  investigate  the  claims  of  the  heirs  of  John 
Hacker,  and  the  heirs  of  Christopher  Hatten.  After  due  considera- 
tion, was  continued  until  the  next  meeting  of  the  board  on  the  ist 
Monday  in  December  next,  1846,  to  which  time  the  board  adjourned. 

Andrew  P.  Hay,  Pres.  B. 

On  the  7th  day  of  December,  1846,  the  following  gentlemen,  com- 
missioners, met  pursuant  to  adjournment,  to  ^vit:  A.  P.  Hay,  presi- 
dent, John  D.  Shryer,  Samuel  McCampbell,  and  not  being  a  major- 
ity sufficient  to  act,  the  board  adjourned  until  convened  at  some  future 
clay- 
Then  on  the  3d  day  of  April,  1847,  the  board  met  pursuant  to  ad- 
journment. Present,  Hon.  A.  P.  Play,  president,  Samuel  McCamp- 
bell, David  W.  Dailey,  Alexandei'  Mars  and  Christopher  Cole. 

Ordered  that  a  deed  issue  to  George  A.  Hatten  and  Ann  E.  Hatten, 
sole  heirs  at  law  of  Christopher  Hatten,  for  100  acres  of  land  in  No. 
28,  letter  A,  of  the  Illinois  Grant. 

The  board  adjoin-ned  until  convened  at  some  future  day. 
Exami7ied.  Andrew  P.  Hay,  P.  B.  C. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST 

OF  THOSE  ORIGINAL  CLAIMANTS  WHO  SOLD  THEIR  RIGHTS 
AS  APPEARED  BY  ASSIGNMENTS,  ETC.,  PRODUCED  TO  THE 
BOARD  OF  COMMISSIONERS  PREVIOUS  TO  THE  13TH  OF 
DECEMBER,  1785,  WITH  THE  NAMES  OF  THE  SEVERAL 
ASSIGNEES  TO  WHOM  THE  SAME  RIGHT  PASSED,  AS  THEY 
STAND  ARRANGED. 

Original  Claimants.  Assignees. 

Allan,  David,  private James  Sherlock,Bartho.Tardivcan*(wiiole  claim) 

John  Holkerj  100  acres. 
Ash,  Reubin,  heir  of  John 

Ash,  private Bur  well  Jackson, Richard  Jones  Waters,  100  acres. 

Blackford,  Joseph,  heir  of 

Sam,  private James  Francis  Moore,  whole  claim. 

Bryant,  James,  private B.  Tardivcan,  whole  claim,  J.  Holker,   100  acres. 

Bush,  William,  private James  Sherlock,  Bartho.  Tardivcan,  whole  claim, 

John  Holker,  100  acres. 

Bailey,  John,  captain John  Holker,  1,400  acres. 

Bailey,  John,  captain Joyes  and  Hoops,  500  acres. 

Burk,  Nicholas,  private Daniel  Brodhead,  Nat.  Neilson,  100  acres. 

Bentley,  John,  private, 

heir  of  James,  private Samuel   Shackleford,   Daniel   Brodhead,    whole 

claim,  Richard  Terrell,  200  acres. 

Bell,  William,  private Daniel  Brodhead,  Richard  Terrell,  100  acres. 

Biggar,  James,  private Alexander  Scot  Bullett,  100  acres. 

Clifton,  Baldwin,  heir  of 

Thomas,  private Joseph    Saunders,    Bartho.    Tardivcan,    whole 

claim,  John  Holker,  100  acres. 

Clark,  Richard,  lieutenant ...L.  Martin,  B.  Tardivcan,  J.  Holker,   1,000  acres. 

Clark,  Richard,  lieutenant.... ....Bartho.  Tardivcan,  John  Holker,  566-3  acres. 

Clark,  Richard,  lieutenant D.  Brodhead,  J.  R.  Jones,  J.  Holker,  433I3  acres. 

Crump,  William,   sergeant D.  Brodhead,  whole  claim,  R.Terrell,  Joo  acres. 

Clark,  Andrew,  private D.  Brodhead,  whole  claim,  R.  Terrell,  100  acres. 

*  Probably  Tarsacon. 

(1117) 


liiS  CLAIIVIS    SOLD    BEFORE    DEEDS    ISSUED. 


Camp,  Reuben,  private D.  Brodhead,  whole  claim,  W.Davis,  lOO  acres. 

DcAvit,  Henry,  sergeant Robert  Todd,  William   Croghan,  Benjamin  Se- 
bastian, 224  acres,  Adam  Hoops,  200  acres. 

Dalton,  Thomas,  lieutenant Daniel  Brodhead,  Richard  Terrell,  500  acres. 

Duff,  John,  private Daniel  Broadhead,  Walter  Davies,  100  acres. 

Dawson,  James,  private Geo.  Owen,  D.  Brodhead,  X.  Xeilson,  100  acres. 

Elms,  William,  sergeant Richard  Breashear,  William  Pope,  Alexander  S. 

BuUett,  200  acres. 

Froggat,  William,  private Benjamin  Sebastian,  Adam  Hoops,  100  acres. 

Floyd,  Isham,  private B.  Tardivcan,  whole  claim,  J.  Holker,  100  acres. 

Glass,  Michael,  private John  Rogers,  Benjamin  Sebastian,  whole  claim, 

Adam  Hoops,  100  acres. 

Grimes,  John,  private William  Fleming,  whole  claim. 

Gagnia,  Louis,  private D.  Broadhead,  v/hole  claim,  N.  Nelson,  100  acres. 

Goodwin,  William,  private Walter  Davis,  Alexander  S.  BuUett,  whole  claim. 

Hays,  Thomas,  private Buckner    Pittman,    Bartho.    Tardivcan,    whole 

claim,  John  Holker,  100  acres. 

Hooper,  Thomas,  private Jonas    Scoggin,   John    Cowgill,  Richard  Jones 

Waters,  100  acres. 

Joynes,  John,  private B.  Tardivcan,  whole  claim,  J.  Holker,  100  acres. 

Johnston,  Edward, private D.  Brodhead,  whole  claim,  N.  Neilson,  100  acres. 

Kendall,  William,  private Daniel  Brodhead,  whole  claim. 

Lyne,  John,  private Henr}'  Thomas,  whole  claim. 

Lovell,  Richard,  private Samuel  Watkins,  Joseph  Sprigg,  Bartho.  Tardiv- 
can, whole  claim,  John  Holker,  100  acres. 

Lemon,  John,  private Bartholomew  Tardivcan,  whole  claim. 

Livingston,  George,  private D.  Brodhead,   whole  claim,  W.  Davis,  100  acres. 

Lunsford,  George, private D,  Brodhead,  whole  claim,  W.  Davis,  100  acres. 

Montgomery,    William, 

heir  of  James,  lieutenant Richard  Terrell,  2,000  acres. 

Marr,  Patrick,  private Buckner    Pittman,    Bartho.  Tardivcan,    whole 

claim,  John  Holker,  100  acres. 

Morgan,  Charles,  sergeant Buckner    Pittman,     Bartho.    Tardivcan,    whole 

claim,  John  Holker,  200  acres. 

McGarr,  John,  private B.  Tardivcan,  whole  claim,  J.  Holker,  100  acres. 

Moore,  Thomas,  private James  Coburn,  whole  claim. 

Murphy,  John,  private John    McCumprey,     Daniel    Brodhead,    whole 

claim,  Walter  Davis,  100  acres. 

Merriwether,  Wm.,  sergeant Maurice  Nagle,  200  acres. 

Mafield,  ^licajah,  private D.  Brodhead,  whole  claim,  R.  Terrell,  100  acres. 


Cl.AIMS    SOLD    15EFORE    l^EEDS    ISSUED. 


Moiityomei-v.Johii,  privaU- D.  I3ro(.lhc;ul,  wliole  claim,  R.Terrell,  loo  acreb. 

Xewton,  Peter,  pri\ate James  Francis  Moore,  whole  claim. 

Prichard,  William,  sergeant ^^'illiam  Johnston,  200  acres. 

Payan,  David,  private William  Wickoif,  whole  claim. 

Perault,  Michael,  lieutenant William  Croghan,  whole  claim. 

Paul,  John,  private Nat.  Parker,  100  acres. 

Pecrsley,  William,  private Mexander  Skinner,  Nat.  Parker,  whole  claim. 

Pickens,  Samuel,  private Benjamin  Sebastian,  Adam  Hoops. 

Qiiick,  Thomas,  major George  Rogers  Clark,  whole  claim. 

Ross,  Joseph,  private Susana  Merideth,  Daniel  Brodhead,  whole  claim, 

Nat.  Neilson,  100  acres. 

Slaughter,  Thomas,  heir  of 

Lawrence,  Ensign George    Slaughter,  whole    claim,  John    Holker, 

Alexander  Scot  Bullett,  2,000  acres. 

Stephenson,   Stephen,  private. ..Richard  Brashear,  whole  claim,  William  Pope, 

Alexander  Scot  Bullett,  100  acres. 

Strode,  Samuel,  sergeant Richard  Jones  Waters,  200  acres. 

Severns,  John,  private D.  Brodhead,  whole  claim,  N.  Xeilson,  100  acres. 

Sheppard,  Peter,  private George     Sheppard,     Daniel    Brodhead,     whole 

claim,  Xat.  Neilson,  100  acres. 

Smith,  William,  private Daniel  Brodhead,  whole  claim. 

Spilman,  James,  private Henr3' Thomas,  William  Croghan,  Walter  Da- 
lies, Alexander  Scot  Bullett,  A\'hoIe  claiin. 

Tigard,  Daniel,  private Richard  Breashear,  whole  claim,  William  Pope, 

Alexander  S.  Bullett,  100  acres. 

Tavlor,  Isaac,  captain Thomas   Quick,  William  Adams,  Daniel   Brod- 
head, whole  claim,  Richard  Terrell,  3,000  acres. 

Thompson,  William,  private Lewis  Dickson,  Alexander  S.  Bullett,  100  acres. 

Vaughan,  John,  sergeant B.  Tardivcan,  whole  claim,  J.  Holker,  200  acres. 

Whitehead,  William,  private James  Francis  Moore,  whole  claim. 

Whitehead,  Robert,  private James  Francis  Moore,  whole  claim. 

William,  Jarred,  lieutenant Bartho.  Tardivcan,  John  Holker,  (three  separate 

assignments),  2,000  acres, 

Whitecotton,  James,  private Sam  Watkins,  J.  Davies,  Nat.  Parker,  100  acres. 

White,  Randall,  private Frederick  Rath,  Daniel  Brodhead,  whole  claim, 

Nat.  Neilson,  100  acres. 

Whitley,  William,  private William  Croghan,  Alex.  Scot  Bullett,  100  acres. 

Zickledge,  William,  private Joseph  Shaw,  William  Becklev,  whole  claim. 


CLARKSVILLE  AND  CLARK'S  GRANT. 

EXTRACT  FROM    A    DECISION    OF  THE    SUPREME    COURT    OF 
INDIANA   MADE   IN   MAY,  1822,  IN  RELATION  TO  CLARKS- 
VILLE   AND    CLARK'S    GRANT,  REPORTED    IN    THE 
FIRST    EDITION    OF    THE    FIRST    VOLUME    OF 
BLACKFORD'S    REPORTS,  PAGES    160,  161. 

Prior  to  the  year  of  1783,  the  state  of  Virginia  had  the  sovereignty 
of  all  the  territory  now  included  in  the  states  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  and 
Illinois.  By  her  act  of  cession  to  the  United  States  in  1783,  and  her 
deed  in  conformity  thereto,  she  transferred  all  her  territory  northwest 
of  the  Ohio  river  saving  and  excepting  certain  reserves.  Among 
others  she  reserved  a  tract  granted  by  her  to  the  officers  and  soldiers 
of  the  Illinois  regiment  containing  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
acres,  now  known  by  the  name  of  the  Illinois  Grant,  with  the  express 
stipulation  that  the  said  tract  should  be  divided  among  the  said  officers 
and  soldiers  in  due  proportion,  according  to  the  laws  of  Virginia.  The 
power  of  legislation  may  cease,  and  the  operation  and  obligation  of 
the  laws  remain  ;  such  is  the  case  generally  in  conquered  and  ceded 
countries  ;  such  is  the  case  in  all  the  new  states  of  this  Union.  (4 
Cranch,  3S4.)  But  the  compact,  in  this  case,  seems  to  intend  some- 
thing more  than  a  stipulation  for  a  continuance  of  the  operation  of 
laws  already  in  existence.  The  state  of  Virginia  and  the  United  States 
were  two  sovereigns,  treating  for  a  cession  of  territory.  Virginia  had 
made  a  grant  of  land  to  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  Illinois  regiment 
for  military  services.  In  her  act  of  cession  she  reserves  this  grant, 
and  stipulates  for  a  continuance  of  her  right  of  legislation,  so  far  as  it 
should  be  found  necessary  to  carry  it  into  complete  effect.  That  this 
was  the  light  in  which  the  compact  was  understood  by  the  contracting 

1 120 


CI.ARIvSN'ILI.E  AND  CLARk's  GRANT. 


parties  appears  evident,  not  only  from  the  compact  itself,  but  also  from 
the  subsequent  conduct  of  l)oth  parties.  The  right  of  soil  remained 
in  Virginia.  Virginia  claimed  the  right  of  legislation  long  after  this 
compact,  and  did  actually  legislate  on  the  subject  of  these  lands  in  the 
years  1786  and  1796-  The  laiited  States  acquiesced  in  the  right 
claiined  and  exercised  by  ^'irginia.  Congress  has  never  attempted  to 
make  any  regulation  respecting  the  lands  in  this  grant;  nor  have  the 
United  States,  in  any  instance,  claiined  the  right  to  legislate  on  the 
subject,  or  in  any  manner  to  interfere  with  \'irginia  respecting  the 
primary  disposal  of  the  soil.  If  this  is  a  fair  construction  of  the  com- 
pact, Virginia  retained  and  still  retains  the  sole  and  exclusive  right  of 
legislation,  so  far  as  respects  the  transfer  from  the  government  to 
individual  claimants  of  the  legal  title  to  lands  in  the  Illinois  Grant; 
and,  with  respect  to  these  'ands,  the  acts  of  the  general  assembly  of 
Virginia  have  the  same  force  and  authority-  as  the  acts  of  congress 
have  with  respect  to  the  other  lands  in  these  states.  As  respects  the 
primary  disposal  of  the  soil,  Virginia  has  a  right  to  legislate  for  one 
part  of  the  state,  and  the  United  States  for  the  other  part.  The  acts 
of  both  are  equally  obligatory,  and  are  p_esumed  to  be  equally  within 
the  knowledge  of  our  courts  and  judges,  as  forming  a  part  of  the  law 
of  the  land. 


CI>ARKSVILLE  AND  CLARK   S  (,R\.\T. 


LOCATION  OF  TOWNS  IN  CLARK'S  GRANT,  SHOWING  NUMBER 

OF  THE  TRACT,  WHERE  LOCATED   AND  NAME  OF  THE 

SOLDIER  TO   WHOM   SAME   WAS   ALLOTTED. 

Charlestown,  117,  Lieutenant  John  Gerault. 

Charlestovvn  Landing,  56,  General  George  Rogers  Clark. 

Hamburg,  loS,  Sergeant  William  Elms,  and  others. 

Henryville,  354—5,  Private  James  Monroe,  and  others. 

Herculaneum,  57,  Private  David  Henry,  and  others. 

Hibernia,  105,  Major  William  Lynn. 

Jeffersonville,  No.   i,  Lieutenant  Isaac  Bowman. 

Marysville,  248.  Private  Travis  Booton,  and  others. 

Memphis,  203,  Captain  Robert  Todd. 

New  Market,  196,  Sergeant  John  Vaughan,  and  others. 

Otisco,  3 10,  Private  John  Biggar,  and  others. 

Petersburgh,  130,  Private  Isaac  McBride,  and  others. 

Port  Fulton,  3,  Private  Francis  Spilman,  and  others. 

Sellersburgh,  no,  Captain  Isaac  Ruddle. 

Springville,  94,  Private  Isaac  Faris,  and  others. 

Utica,  16,  Captain  John  Bailey;    17,  Captain  Robert  George. 

Watson,  36,  Captain  Robert  Todd. 

Clarksville  opposite  the  falls  between  Jeffersonville  and  New  Albany. 

Stone  Fort  Mound  Builders,  76,  Lieutenant  Valentine  Dalton. 


PROCEEDINGS 

IX  THE  LOUISVILLE,  KY.,  CHANCERY  COURT  IN  THE  MAT- 
TER OF  THE  LEGALITY  OF  AN  ALLEGED  WILL  OF  GEORGE 
ROGERS  CLARK. 

A  bill  in  chancery  was  iiled  in  said  court  on   the  6th   of 
May,  1S35,  ^s  follows: 

To  the  Honorable    George   M.    Bibb,    CJianeellor    of  the  Louisville 
Chancery  Court: 

Hum])l_v  complaining,  your  orators,  Isaac  Clark,  George  Clark, 
William  Clark,  Benjamin  Temple  and  Eleanor,  his  wife,  who  was 
Eleanor  Clark;  Henry  W.  Vick  and  Sarah,  his  wife;  William  F. 
Bullock  and  ]\Iary,  his  wife;  \\'illiam  Bodley  and  Ellen,  his  wife  ; 
Eihnund  Pearce,  Martha  Pearce,  Jonathan  Pearce,  Eliza  Pearce  and 
James  Anne  Pearce,  the  said  Martha,  Jonathan,  Eliza  and  James 
Anne,  who  are  infants,  by  their  next  friend,  William  F.  Bullock; 
Elizabeth  Gwathmey,  Anne  C.  Logan,  Cecilia  Anderson,  Anderson 
INJiller,  Jr.,  and  Elizabeth  C..  his  wife;  Annita  G.  Anderson,  who  is 
an  infant,  by  George  C.  Gwathmey,  her  next  friend,  and  George  C. 
Gwathmey,  administrator  of  the  estate  of  Richard  C.  Anderson,  Jr., 
deceased,  would  respectfully  represent  to  Your  Honor  that  heretofore, 
to  wit:  on  the  —  day  of  February,  181S,  George  Rogers  Clark 
departed  this  life,  and  that  on  the  4th  da\  of  October,  1S30,  at  a 
county  court  held  for  Jefferson  county,  in  the  state  of  Kentuck\',  an 
instrument  of  writing  purporting  to  be  the  last  will  of  the  said  George 
Rogers  Clark  was  produced  and  then  and  there  established  h\  the 
said  court  to  be  the  last  \\\\\  and  testament  of  the  said  George,  and 
administration   of  the   estate   of  the    said    George,   with   the  will   an- 

(1123) 


1 134  LITIGATION    IN    RELATION    TO 


nexed,  was  granted  to  a  certain  George  Woolfolk.  They  file  here- 
with as  an  exhibit  and  pray  to  be  made  a  part  hei^eof  a  certified  copy 
of  the  said  supposed  will  and  order  of  the  county  court  establishing 
the  same,  marked  A.  They  further  state  that  at  the  time  of  the  death 
of  the  said  George  his  heirs  at  law  consisted  of  his  brother,  General 
William  Clark,  of  Saint  Louis,  Missouri;  Frances  Fitzhugh,  wife 
of  Dennis  Fitzhugh,  one  of  the  devisees  in  the  said  supposed  will, 
the  said  Frances  being  one  of  the  sisters  of  the  said  Geoi'ge  ;  Lucy 
Croghan,  -wife  of  William  Croghan,  Sen.,  another  devisee  in  the  said 
will,  the  said  Lucy  being  another  sister  of  the  said  George  ;  and  your 
orators,  the  said  Isaac,  George,  William,  Eleanor  Temple,  wife  of 
the  said  Benjamin  Temple,  and  Anne  Pearce,  wife  of  James  A. 
Pearce,  and  John  H.  Clark — the  said  Isaac,  George,  Williain,  John, 
Eleanor  and  Anne  being  the  children  and  heirs  of  Jonathan  Clark, 
another  brother  of  the  said  George,  and  who  died  before  the  said 
George ;  and  your  orators,  the  said  Anne  C.  Logan,  who  was  the 
wife  of  John  Logan,  now  deceased,  and  Elizabeth  C.  Gwathmey  was 
the  wife  of  Isaac  Gwathmey,  now  deceased,  Cecilia  Anderson  and 
Richard  C.  Anderson,  Jr. — the  said  Anne,  Elizabeth,  Cecilia  and 
Richard  being  the  children  and  heirs  at  law  of  Elizabeth  C.  Ander- 
son, ^vife  of  Richard  C.  Anderson,  Sen.,  the  said  Elizabeth  being  a 
sister  of  the  said  George  and  having  departed  this  life  before  the  said 
George,  and  Anne  Gwathmey,  wife  of  Owen  Gwathmey,  another  of 
the  said  devisees,  the  said  Anne  being  a  sister  of  the  said  George. 

Your  orators  further  show  that  the  said  Dennis  Fitzhugh  and  Fran- 
ces have  departed  this  life  since  the  death  of  the  said  George,  the  said 
Frances  having  survived  her  said  husband  ;  that  the  said  Dennis  left 
two  children,  his  heirs  at  law,  to  wit:  Clark  Fitzhugh  and  Lucy 
Anne  Fitzhugh,  the  said  Lucy  Anne  having  intermarried  with  a  cer- 
tain Henry  S.  Coxe,  and  since  died,  leaving  no  child  ;  that  the  said 
Clark  and  Lucy  Anne,  and  Charles  W.  Thruston  and  Anne  C.  Far- 
rar,  wife  of  Bernard  Farrar,  and  Benjamin  O'Fallen  and  John  O 'Fal- 
len were  the  children  and  heirs  at  law  of  the  said  Frances;  that  the 
said  William  Croghan,  Sen.,  has  departed  this  life  since  the  death  of 


ALLEGED  WILL  OF  GENERAL  fLARK.        1125 

the  said  George,  leaving  as  his  children  and  heirs  at  law  John  Crog- 
han,  William  Croghan,  George  Croghan,  Charles  Croghan,  Anne  Jes- 
sup,  \\  ife  of  Thomas  S.  Jessnp,  and  Eliza  Hancock,  wife  of  George 
Hancock,  the  said  Charles  and  Eliza  having,  since  the  death  of  the 
said  William,  departed  this  life  without  issue,  lea\ing  their  brothers, 
the  said  John,  \\'illiam,  George,  and  sister  Anne,  their  heirs;  that  the 
said  Jonathan  Clark  departed  this  life  before  his  brother,  the  said 
George,  leaving  as  his  children  and  heirs  at  law  your  orators,  Isaac, 
George,  William  and  Eleanor  Temple,  John  H.  Clark  and  Ann 
Pearce,  wife  of  James  A.  Pearce,  the  said  John  ha^■ing  since  died 
without  issue,  and  the  said  Ann,  who  survived  her  husliand,  the  said 
James.,  having  also  departed  this  life,  leaving  as  her  children  and  heirs 
at  law  your  orators,  the  said  Sarah,  wife  of  Henry  W.  Vick,  Mary, 
wife  of  William  F.  Bullock,  Ellen,  wife  of  William  S.  Bodley,  Ed- 
mund, jMartha,  James,  Anne,  Jonathan,  Eliza  Pearce,  your  orator, 
the  said  Isaac,  having  administered  upon  the  estate  of  the  said  John. 
That  the  said  Owen  and  Anne  Gwathmey  have  also  departed  this  life 
since  the  death  of  the  said  George,  leaving  as  their  heirs  at  la^v  John 
Gwathmey,  Temple  Gwathmev,  Samuel  Gwathmey,  Isaac  R. 
Gwathmey,  j-our  orator,  the  said  George  C.  Gwathmey,  Diana  'SI. 
Bullitt,  wife  of  Thomas  Bullitt,  now  deceased,  Elizabeth  C.  Ander- 
son, wife  of  Richard  C.  Anderson,  Jr.,  Frances  Jones,  Lucy  Priest, 
wife  of  Peter  Priest,  and  Catharine  ^\'oolfolk,  wife  of  George  Wool- 
folk,  the  said  John  Gwathmey  ha\  ing,  after  the  death  of  the  said 
Anne  and  before  the  death  of  the  said  Owen,  departed  this  life,  leav- 
ing as  his  children  and  heirs  at  law  Owen  and  William,  Eleanor  and 
Matilda  Gwathmey,  all  of  whom  are  now  alive,  no  person  having 
ever  administered  upon  the  estate  of  the  said  John,  the  said  Isaac  hav- 
ing also  departed  this  life,  leaving  as  his  children  and  heirs  at  law 
Benjamin,  Richard,  Anne,  Eliza  and  Maria  Louisa  Gwathmey,  all 
of  whom  are  now  alive,  your  orator,  the  said  George  C.  Gwathmey, 
having  administered  upon  the  estate  of  the  said  George,  and  your  or- 
atrix,  the  said  Elizabeth  C.  Gwathmey,  wife  of  the  said  Isaac,  having 
survived  the  said  Isaac,  the  said  Elizabeth  C.  Anderson  having,  after 


I  1 26  LITIGATION    IX    RELATION    TO 


the  death  of  the  said  Anne  and  before  the  death  of  the  said  Owen, 
departed  this  life,  leaving  as  her  children  and  heirs  at  law  vour  ora- 
tors, the  said  Elizabeth  C.  Miller,  wife  of  Anderson  Miller,  Jr.,  An- 
nita  G.  Anderson  and  Louis  Arthur  Anderson,  the  said  Louis  having 
departed  this  life  since  the  death  of  his  said  mother  without  issue,  the 
said  Richard  C.  Anderson,  Jr.,  having  also  departed  this  life  since 
the  death  of  his  said  wife,  vour  orator,  the  said  George  C.  Gwath- 
mev,  having  administered  upon  his  estate. 

That  the  said  Elizabeth  C.  Anderson,  wife  of  Richard  C.  Anderson, 
Sr..  departed  this  life  before  his  brother,  the  said  George,  leaving  as 
his  heirs  your  orators,  the  said  Anne  C.  Logan,  wife  of  John  Logan, 
now  deceased,  Elizabeth  C.  Gwathmey,  wife  of  Isaac  R.  Gwathmey, 
also  deceased,  Cecilia  and  Richard  C.  Anderson,  Jr.,  and  the  said 
Richard  C.  Anderson,  Jr.,  having,  since  the  death  of  the  said 
George,  departed  this  life,  leaving  as  his  children  and  heirs  at  la\v 
\()ur  orators,  the  said  Elizabeth  C.  Miller,  wife  of  the  said  Anderson 
Miller,  Jr.,  Annita  G.  Anderson  and  Louis  Arthur  Anderson,  who 
has,  as  above  stated,  died  without  issue,  the  said  George  C.  Gwath- 
niev,  one  of  vour  orators  having  administered  upon  the  estate  of  the 
Richard  C.  Anderson,  Jr.  Your  orators  further  show  that  the  said 
George  Rogers  Clark  died  seized  in  his  own  right  of  the  real  estate 
in  the  said  supposed  will  described,  as  well  as  of  other  real  estate 
not  therein  named,  and  entitled  to  a  large  amount  of  money  due  from 
the  state  of  Virginia  for  services  rendered  to  the  said  state  as  an 
officer  in  the  settlement  of  Kentuckv  and  its  conquest  from  the 
Indians,  and  other  important  services  rendered  by  the  said  George,  as 
well  as  for  large  advances  made  on  account  of  the  said  state;  and 
that  the  said  George  Woolfolk  has  received,  as  administrator  of  the 
estate  of  the  said  George  from  the  said  state  of  Virginia  and  other 
sources,  between  $3^,000  and  $26,000,  leaving  an  unsatisfied  balance 
in  favor  of  the  said  George  against  the  said  state  of  Virginia  of  about 
$20,000,  which  is  now  in  course  of  adjustment,  and  will,  as  they 
understand,  in  all  probabilitv.  be  soon  received  by  the  said  George 
Woolfolk  as  administrator. 


ALLEGED  WILL  OF  GENERAL  CLARK.        1127 


Your  orators  further  charge  that  some  years  before  the  death  of  the 
said  Geoi-o-e  Rog-ers  Chu-k,  he  had  Ix-cn,  and,  at  the  time  of  the 
execution  of  the  said  supposed  A\ill,  \\as  afflicted  with  paralysis  pio- 
duced  from  apoplexy,  \\hereby  he  was  deprived  of  the  use  of  his 
limbs  and  his  mental  faculties  weakened  and  deranged  ;  and  that  the 
supposed  will  was  drawn  up  by  some  of  the  persons  in  attendance 
upon  the  said  George  with  a  \iew  merely  of  gratifying  the  wishes  of 
the  said  George  in  making  some  disposition  of  his  estate,  with  a  be- 
lief that  it  would  tend  to  relieve  his  mind  from  the  excitements  under 
which  it  labored,  and  was  not  considered  by  any  of  the  persons  pres- 
ent as  a  valid  will  but  only  designed,  as  above  stated,  and  your  ora- 
tors charge  that  the  said  supposed  will  is  not  the  will  of  the  said 
Georg;  Rogers  Clark. 

Your  orators  would  further  show  that  all  the  real  estate  of  which 
the  said  George  died  seized  has  been  divided  among  his  heirs  as 
though  he  had  died  intestate,  the  said  supposed  will,  although  in  the 
possession  of  General  William  Clark  from  the  death  of  the  said 
George  till  its  probate,  being  always  regarded  by  him  and  all  the 
other  devisees  as  invalid,  having  been  executed  at  a  time  and  under 
circumstances  which  rendered  the  said  George  incompetent  to  make 
disposition  of  his  estate. 

Your  orators  \TOuld  further  show  that  the  said  George  Woolfolk 
has  distributed  four-sixths  of  the  money  thus  received,  as  above 
shown,  among  Lucy  Croghan,  William  Clark,  the  heirs  and  personal 
representatives  of  Owen  and  Anne  G^vathmey,  and  Dennis  and 
Frances  Fitzhugh,  reserving  in  his  hands  two-sixths  of  the  same, 
amounting  to  near  $7,000,  to  be  paid  to  the  heirs  and  personal  repre- 
sentatives of  Jonathan  Clark  and  Elizabeth  C.  Anderson,  if  the  said 
supposed  will  shall  be  set  aside,  which  appropriation  of  the  said 
money  has  been  assented  to  by  nearly  all  the  heirs  of  the  said  George 
Rogers  Clark,  but  has  not  been  made  because  of  the  great  number  of 
the  heirs,  it  being  thereby  sufficient  to  obtain  their  assent  and  the 
infancy  and  coverture  of  others. 


II2S  LITIGATION    IN    RELATION    TO 


Your  orators  make  \\'illiam  Clark,  Lucy  Croghan,  John  Croghan, 
\\'illiam  Croghan,  George  Croghan,  Thomas  S.  Jessup  and  ^\nne, 
his  wife;  John  O'Fallen,  Benjamin  O'Fallen,  Charles  W.  Thruston, 
Bernard  Farrar  and  Anne  C.  Farrar,  his  wife  ;  Clark  Fitzhugh  and 
Henrv  S.  Coxe,  Temple  G'wathmey,  Samuel  Gwathme}',  Diana  Jvl. 
Bullitt,  Frances  Jones,  Peter  Priest  and  Lucy,  his  Avife ;  George 
W'oolfolk,  administrator  as  aforesaid,  and  George  Woolfolk,  and 
Catharine,  his  wife  ;  Owen  Gwathmev,  William  G\vathme\-,  Eleanor 
Gwathmey  and  ^Matilda  Gwathmey,  children  and  heirs  of  John 
Gwathmev,  deceased ;  Benjamin  Gwathmev,  Richard  Gwathmev, 
Anne  Eliza  Gwathmev  and  ^Slaria  Louisa  Gwathmev,  children  and 
heirs  at  law  of  Isaac  Gwathmey,  deceased,  defendants  hereto,  and 
prav  the  commonwealth  writ  of  Spa  against  them  and  that  they  may 
answer  the  allegations  hereof.  Your  orators  prav  that  an  issue  may 
be  directed  to  try  whether  the  said  pretended  will  is  the  will  of  the 
said  George  Rogers  Clark  or  not,  and  that,  if  it  shall  be  found  not 
to  be  the  will  of  the  said  George  Rogers  Clark,  then  the  same  may 
be  set  aside,  and  distribution  and  division  of  his  estate  among  your 
orators  and  the  defendants  hereto,  the  heirs  of  the  said  George  Rog- 
ers Clark,  as  though  the  pretended  will  had  never  existed,  and  that 
all  such  other  and  further  relief  may  be  granted  to  your  orators  as  the 
equity  of  their  case  inay  authorize,  and  they,  as  in  duty  bound,  will 
ever  pray,  etc.  Bullock  &  ^Miller,  P.  Q. 

To  this  bill  of  complaint,  Governor  AVilliam  Clark,  of 
Missouri,  the  j'oungest  brother  of  General  George  Rogers 
Clark,  responded,  under  oath,  i^Ia)'  5,  1837,  substantially 
as  follows: 

The  ansAver  of  William  Clark  to  a  bill  filed  against  him  and  others 
in  the  Louisville  Chancery  Court  by  the  heirs  of  Jonathan  Clark,  de- 
ceased, and  others.  This  respondent,  now  and  at  all  times  reserving 
to  himself  the  benefit  of  all  just  exceptions  to  said  answer,  for  answer 
thereto  saith  :  That  it  is  true  the  execution  of  the  will  referred  to  was, 
under  the  circumstances,  referred  to  and  set  forth  in  complainant's  bill. 


ALLEGED  WILL  OF  GENERAL  CLARK.        1129 

This  respondent  wrote  the  will  of  the  sai<l  George  R.  Clark,  referred  to 
bv  complainant,  at  the  desire  of  said  (Jcorye,  and  he  \\ill  state  that  the 
[some  words  illeg-ible]  to  the  execution  of  the  said  writing,  on  the 
part  of  the  said  George,  uas  that  he  might  will  his  claim  against  the 
state  of  Virginia  for  locating  101,000  acres  of  land  on  the  Mississippi, 
in  behalf  of  the  state  of  ^'irginia,  and  two  or  three  tracts  of  land  to 
jNIajor  Croghan,  and  it  was  not  contemplated  or  spoken  of  that  any 
claim,  except  as  above  stated,  should  pass  by  said  writing.  The  said 
George  always  expressing  himself  as  having  been  badly  treated  by 
the  state  of  Virginia  in  refusing  to  liquidate  his  accounts  upon  princi- 
ples of  justice,  it  pressed  upon  his  mind  and  rendered  him,  on  this 
subject,  very  much  dissatisfied.  It  harassed  his  mind,  Avhich  was 
thought  to  add  to  his  unhappy  affliction,  and  the  execution  of  this 
writing  was  hoped  would  give  some  relief  to  his  situation. 

This  respondent  does  not  claim,  and  will  not  recei\e,  but  one-sixth 
of  whatever  may  be  coming  from  the  said  L.  \V.  \\'oolfolk,  adminis- 
trator of  said  G.  R.  Clark.  This  respondent  having  fully  answered, 
prays  to  be  dismissed,  etc.  William  Clark. 

September  8,  1S37.  Attorneys  Pirtle  and  Speed  suggest  that  El- 
eanor Gwathmey,  of  full  age,  has  intermarried  with  ^^'alter  Bement 
since  commencement  of  the  suit ;  also  Matilda  Gwathmey,  of  full 
age,  has  intermarried  with  Joseph  S.  Bates,  and  Martha  Pearce  has 
intermarried  \\  ith  Robert  C.  Stanard,  and  asking  that  said  husbands 
be  made  parties. 

November  3,  1837.  C  W.  Thruston  answered  that  he  was  en- 
tirely willing  that  such  a  decree  should  be  made  in  the  case  as  just- 
ice and  equity  might  seem  to  demand. 

Up  to  this  period,  the  proceedings  seem  to  have  been 
of  an  entirely  amicable  character,  but  the  status  was 
slightly  changed  on  the  12th  of  January,  1838,  by  the 
appearance  of  a  new  party  in  court  with  the  following- 
petition: 


113°  LITIGATION    IN    RELATION    TO 


7b  the  Honoi-ahlc  t/ic  Chancellor  of  the  Loidsvillc  Chaticciy  Court : 

The  petition  of  James  D.  Breckenridge,  executor  and  trustee,  and 
Mrs.  ^laria  Breckenridge,  devisee  in  trust  of  General  R.  O.  Breck- 
enridge. 

Your  petitioners  state  that  on  the  5th  November,  1S15,  Gen.  Geo. 
R.  Clark  made  his  last  will,  in  which  he  de\isecl  to  Major  William 
Croghan  3,600  acres  of  land  in  Bracken  count\' ;  also  3.92^  acres 
below  Mayficld  creek  on  the  Mississijjpi,  and  to  his  brother,  Will 
Clark,  all  his  lands  and  land  claims  north-west  of  the  Ohio  river,  and 
to  his  nephews,  John  and  Benjamin  O'Fallon,  1,500  acres  on  Clark 
river,  a  branch  of  Tennessee.  Also,  1,500  acres  on  Cumberland 
ri\  er,  at  the  mouth  of  Little  river. 

He  devised  to  his  brother,  William  Clark,  his  friends.  Major  W^ill 
Croghan,  Owen  Gwathmey  and  Dennis  Fitzhugh,  his  claim  to  the 
locator's  fees  or  part  of  an  entry  of  about  100  and  1,000  acres  made 
by  him  in  the  surveyor's  office  in  Lincoln  county,  -which  lands  are  sit- 
uated between  Tennessee  river  and  the  river  Mississippi.  Also,  all 
his  land  and  claims  of  every  description  not  otherwise  disposed  of  to 
them  and  their  heirs  and  assigns  forever.  This  will  was  admitted  to 
record  in  Jefferson  county  where  Clark  died,  in  October,  1S30,  Gen- 
eral Clark  having  died  many  vears  before. 

In  1S16  Owen  Gwathmey,  one  of  the  devisees  in  the  said  -will,  for 
a  valuable  consideration,  assigned  to  his  son,  John  Gwathmey,  a  cer- 
tain part  of  the  land  and  money  de-\-ised  to  him  by  General  Clark,  and 
in  1S19  the  said  assignment  was  transferred  to  Ra.  Breckenridge,  de- 
ceased. Owen  and  John  Gwathmey  are  both  dead,  the  former  in- 
testate, leaving  several  children  and  no  administrator  on  his  estate. 
George  Woolfolk  administered  upon  the  estate  of  General  Clark,  with 
the  will  annexed. 

Your  petitioners  have  brought  their  suit  in  this  honorable  court  to 
recover  such  land  and  money  as  said  Breckenridge's  estate  may  be 
entitled  to  under  the  will  and  assignments  aforesaid. 

Soi"ne  time  since  Isaac  Clark,  etc.,  instituted  their  suit  in  this  hon- 
orable court  against   General   Will  Clark,  etc.,  amongst  other  things, 


ALLEGED  WILL  OF  GENERAL  CLARK. 


to  set  aside  the  will.  Should  the  will  of  General  Clark  be  set  aside, 
Owen  Gwathme_y  would  be  entitled  to  no  part  of  the  estate,  though 
all  his  children  as  nephews  and  nieces  of  General  Clark  would. 

Your  petitioners  are  apprehensi\  e  that  sufficient  vigilance  may  not 
be  used  to  sustain  and  support  the  said  will  by  testimony,  etc.  Your 
petitioners  pray  that  the  plaintiffs  in  said  suit  may  be  compelled  to 
make  them  defendants  in  said  suit  to  set  aside  the  said  will. 

J.  D.   Breckenridge. 

And  on  the  26th  of  the  next  April,  an  amended  bill 
was  filed  by  the  plaintiffs  as  follows: 

The  amended  bill  of  Isaac  Clark  and  others  to  their  original  bill 
exhibited  in  the  Louisville  Chancery  Court  against  William  Clark 
and  others : 

Your  orators,  in  obedience  to  Your  Honor's  order,  amend  their  bill 
herein  and  make  James  D.  Breckenridge  and  Maria  Breckenridge 
parties  hereto.  They  state  that  the  land  alluded  to  in  the  contract 
mentioned  in  the  petition  is  the  same  mentioned  in  the  pretended  will 
of  said  General  G.  R.  Clark,  called  "My  claim  to  the  locator's  fees, 
or  part  of  an  entry  of  about  one  hundred  and  one  thousand  acres 
made  by  me  in  the  surveyor's  office  of  Lincohi  county,  which  lands 
are  situated  between  Tennessee  river  and  the  rher  Mississippi,"  and 
is  not  the  land  immediately  below  the  mouth  of  the  Tennessee  river 
or  that  land  mentioned  in  the  petition,  but  this  land  lies  about  forty 
miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Tennessee  river,  has  never  been  carried 
into  grant,  and  never  can  be,  as  they  suppose. 

They  say  it  is  true  that  General  G.  R.  Clark  did  contract,  a  great 
many  years  ago,  to  sell  to  Humphrey  Marshall  this  tract  of  land  im- 
mediately at  and  below  the  mouth  of  the  Tennessee  river,  granted  in 
1795,  and  containing  together  73,362  acres;  but  this  contract  was 
canceled  long  since  by  agreement  between  General  William  Clark,  to 
"whom  said  land  was  conveyed  by  said  G.  R.  Clark  in  1S03,  and  said 
Marshall,  and   no  money  was  ever  paid  by  said   Marshall  to  any  one 

on  account  of  his  contract  for  the  purchase  of  said  land,  nor  was  any 

72 


LITIGATION    IN    RELATION    TO 


judgment  e\er  recovered  or  any  decree  made  against  him  for  any 
money  in  respect  to  said  contract,  and  this  contract  was  the  only  one 
ever  made  by  said  G.  R.  Clark  with  said  Marshall.  There  never 
was  any  contract  or  agreement  between  said  G.  R.  Chu'k  and  said 
Owen  Gwathmey,  by  which  said  Gwathmev  was  entitled,  as  is  recited 
in  said  agreement  with  said  John  Gwathmev,  but  said  provision  afore- 
said in  the  will  of  said  Clark  no  doubt  alluded  to  in  said  writing,  and 
the  land  therein  mentioned  never  was  contracted  to  be  sold  to  said 
Marshall. 

They  charge  that  the  said  contract  was  champertous,  at  any  rate, 
and  void. 

They  report  and  charge  that  the  said  George  Rogers  Clark,  at  the 
time  when  the  said  pretended  will  was  executed,  had  been  struck  with 
paralysis,  and  was  so  affected  thereby,  and  by  age  and  disease  gener- 
ally, that  he  was  not  of  sound  mind,  and  was  not  capable  of  making 
a  will,  etc. 

They  pray  as  in  their  original  bill,  etc.  Pirtle. 

Way  17,  1S39.  General  Thomas  S.  Jessup  and  Ann  H.,  his  wife, 
answered  through  Judge  Pirtle  that  they  do  not  personally  know 
whether  General  George  Rogers  Clark  was  at  the  time  of  executing  his 
alleged  will  capable  of  making  a  will  or  not ;  and  that  they  rely 
upon  the  answer  of  General  William  Clark  filed  in  the  case,  and 
accept  his  statements  as  a  part  of  their  answer,  etc. 

Feb.  21,  1S40.  James  D.  Breckenridge  and  Maria  Breckenridge 
answered  the  complaint  denying  that  said  George  Rogers  Clark  was 
at  the  time  of  making  said  will  of  unsound  mind.  They  charged 
that  said  will  was  duly  inade,  and  that  said  Clark  was  capable  at  the 
time  of  making  it,  and  of  sound  mind  and  memory ;  and  that  said 
will  was  a  valid  testamentary  act  made  in  due  form  of  law. 

Loughborough  &  Field,  Attorneys. 

On  the  24th  of  February.  1846,  Samuel  Gwathmey  deposed  that 
froin    the  time    General    George    Rogers    Clark    was    afflicted    with 


ALLEGED  WILL  OF  GENERAT.  CLARK.        I  133 


paralysis,  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  he  was  not  at  any  time  within 
that  period  competent  to  make  a  will,  as  he  believes.  Deponent 
can  not  speak  of  particular  dates ;  he  does  not  know  when  the 
will  was  made,  and  if  made  within  that  period  deponent  does  not 
think  he  was  competent  in  mind  to  make  said  will.  Deponent 
states  that  he  was  so  well  satisfied  of  said  Clark's  incompetency  to 
make  his  will,  that  he  would  recci\e  only  his  share  in  one-sixth  of 
certain  moneys  collected  for  said  Clark's  estate,  when,  by  the  will, 
he  was  entitled  to  receive  a  share  in  one-fourth  of  said  moneys.  He 
frequently  saw  General  Clark  both  before  and  after  his  affliction  of 
paralysis,  and  after  said  affliction  his  mind  was  impaired  and  memory 
defective  so  as  to  render  him  incompetent  to  make  a  will  as  before 
stated. 

Mrs.  Amelia  Clark*  testified,  June  25,  1847,  ^^^^  '^^''  husband  and 
herself  were  well  and  intiinately  acquainted  with  General  George 
Rogers  Clark  for  many  years  before  his  death — there  were,  perhaps, 
but  few  who  knew  him  better  than  deponent  did  in  his  several  rela- 
tions. For  a  long  time  (many  years)  before  his  death,  he  had  been 
laboring  under  gi-eat  bodily  afflictions — he  was  paralyzed — his  bodilv 
afflictions  and  habits  together  had  greatly  shattered  and  impaired  his 
intellect,  and  his  speech  also  became  much  impaired,  so  much  so  that 
his  most  familiar  friends  and  acquaintances  could  scarcely,  and  with 
difficulty,  understand  him.  Deponent  thinks  he  was  from  these 
causes  incompetent  at  the  time  to  make  a  valid  will.  Deponent  saw 
General  Clark  both  before  and  after  the  date  of  the  will,  though 
more  frequently  before  ;  she  thinks  it  was  a  year  before  his  death  that 
she  did  not  see  him,  but  at  and  before  his  will  was  made  his  bodily 
infirmities  and  afflictions  had  been  so  great  and  bore  so  heavily  upon 
his  mind  and  had  so  impaired  his  faculties  as  to  render  him  almost  a 
child.      His   afflictions    also  rendered  him  incapable  of  moving  about. 

March  30,  1849.  William  Clark  states,  by  Pirtle  &  Smith,  his 
attorneys,  that,  as  administrator  de  bonis  non  of  George  Rogers  Clark, 

*  Seems  to  have  been  signed  Cornelia  IL  Clark,  but  is  Amelia  in  body  and 
officer's  certificate. 


1 1 34  LITIGATION    IN    RELATION    TO 


he  hus  now  in  his  hands  $6,347.90,  which  he  received  from  the  state 
of  Virginia  on  acconnt  of  inonevs  which  the  state  had  assumed  to  pay 
his  representatives  for  services  during  the  revolution,  but  which  she 
had  formerly  refused  to  pay  as  early  as  the  year  1790,  and  to  which 
he  did  not  allude  in  his  will,  as  he  had,  long  before  the  will  was  writ- 
ten, given  up  all  expectation  of  obtaining  any  money  for  his  services 
from  \'irginia,  and,  but  for  the  act  of  Congress  of  1832,  no  money 
ever  would  have  been  paid  or  any  debt  acknowledged.  The  said 
claims  in  his  will  allude  to  claims  connected  with  lands.  States  he  is 
ready  to  pay  this  money  over  to  representatives  of  said  General  Clark 
as  may  be  entitled  to  it,  the  complainants  not  having  received  the 
money  derived  from  the  United  States  or  Virginia  and  said  Woolfolk's 
estate  being  insolvent. 

September  30,  1S50.  Complainants  state  that  since  filing  of  bill 
and  amendments  defendant,  George  Croghan,  has  departed  this  life 
intestate,  leaving  Serena  Croghan,  his  widow,  and  George  Crog- 
han, Angelica  Croghan  (now  Wyatt)  and  Serena  Croghan,  an 
infant,  his  children  and  heirs,  and  that  no  administration  has  been 
granted  on  his  estate,  .  .  .  ;  further  state  that  Ann  Jessup  has 
departed  this  life,  leaving  Lucy  Ann  Jessup,  Mary  Jessup  (now 
Blair),  intermarried  with  James  Blair,  and  Isaac  Jessup,  William 
Jessup,  Charles  Jessup  and  Julia — said  Ann,  William,  Charles  and 
Julia  being  infants — her  children  and  heirs  ;  further  state  that  Sainuel 
Gwathmey  has  died  intestate,  leaving  Polly  Gwathmey,  his  widow, 
and  Baylor  Gwathmey  and  Rebecca  Gwathmey  (now  Tyler),  inter- 
married with  Henry  Tyler,  his  children  and  heirs,  and  no  administra- 
tion has  been  granted  of  his  estate,  .  .  .  ;  further  state  that 
John  Croghan  has  died,  leaving  a  last  will,  which  has  been  duly 
proved  and  execution  thereof  cominitted  to  George  C.  Gwathmey, 
one  of  the  executors  therein  named,  with  the  complainant,  William 
F.  Bullock  and  Joseph  R.  Underwood,  to  whom  the  estate  of  the  said 
John  Croghan  was  devised  by  said  Will  in  trust  for  the  heirs  of  the 
said  George  Croghan  and  Ann  Jessup  ;  further  state  that  defendant, 
George  C.  Gwathmey    has  also   died,  leaving  a  will,  which   has   been 


ALLEGED  WILL  OF  GENERAi^  CLARK.        1 1 35 


pro\ed  and  execution  committed  to  Joshua  F.  Bullitt,  one  of  the  ex- 
ecutor.s  therein,  devisinsf  his  estate  to  his  children,  Alfred  Gwathmey, 
Ellen  Gwathmey,  Louisa  Gwathmey  and  John  Gwathmey — Louisa 
and  John  being  infants — ask  that  guardians  be  appointed  for  said  in- 
fants and  that  all  the  parties  named  be  made  parties  to  the  suit  and 
required  to  answer. 

vSeptember  20,  1850.  Death  of  complainant  Sarah  Vick  was  sug- 
gested, and  revivor  asked  in  name  of  her  children,  viz.  .  Henrv  G. 
\'ick,  Ann  P.  \"ick,  Mary  Vick  and  George  R.  C.  Vick,  by  their 
father,  Henrv  W.  Vick. 

Thomas  P.  Smith,  commissioner  of  the  court,  reported  that  the 
deposition  of  J.  B.  Gwathmev  showed  that  prior  to  the  year  1840, 
George  Woolfolk,  as  administrator  of  the  estate  of  George  Rogers 
Clark,  recei\ed  about  $25,000  and  distributed  the  same  to  all  the 
heirs  of  said  Clark  in  the  proportions  to  which  they  were  respectively 
entitled  as  heirs  bv  the  law  of  descents,  except  to  the  representatives 
of  Jonathan  Clark,  deceased,  and  Elizabeth  Anderson,  deceased,  a 
brother  and  sister  of  said  General  George  Rogers  Clark  ;  there  being 
six  heirs,  the  four  who  received  their  portions  of  said  $25,000  re- 
ceived about  $4,000  each.  It  will  therefore  require  about  $8, 000  to 
equalize  the  heirs  of  said  Jonathan  Clark  and  Elizabeth  Anderson 
with  the  others. 

The  question  of  fact  was  finally  submitted  to  a  jur3%  who 

returned  a  verdict  "that  the  writing  purporting  to  be  the 

will  of  General  Clark  is  not  his  will,"  whereupon  the  court 

entered  the  following  decree: 

State  of  Kextuckv,   Louisville  Chancekv  Court, 

24TH  November,    185  i. 
Isaac  Clark,  Etc.,  Complainants, 

Its.  In  Chancery. 

William  Clark's  Heirs,  Etc.,  Defendants. 

General  George  Rogers  Clark,  in  1815,  executed  a  writing  pur- 
porting to  be  his  last  will,  and  died  in  1S20.*    The  complainants  bring 

♦Mistake.     He  died  in  1S18. 


[36  LITIGATION    IN    RELATION    TO 


this  suit  for  the  purpose  of  vacating  the  will  and  for  distribution  of 
the  estate.  George  W^oolfolk  was  appointed  administrator,  with  the 
will  annexed,  and  received  about  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  assets 
of  the  estate.  Of  this  sum  he  paid  four-sixths  to  the  devisees,  who 
constituted  four-sixths  of  his  heirs  at  law. 

No  part  of  this  fund  has  been  paid  to  the  representatives  of  his 
sister,  Mrs.  Anderson,  or  his  brother,  Jonathan  Clark.  A  verdict  has 
been  rendered  in  this  case  by  a  jury  upon  an  issue  out  of  chancery  to 
try  the  validitv  of  the  will,  "that  the  writing  purporting  to  be  the  will 
of  General  Clark  is  not  his  will,"  and  it  is  now  ordered  and  decreed 
that  said  writing  be  set  aside  and  annulled. 

After  the  death  of  George  Woolfolk,  William  Clark  was  appointed 
administrator  of  the  estate  and  has  received  and  paid  into  court  the 
sum  of  $6,485.42.  It  is  now  ordered  and  decreed  that  the  costs  of 
this  suit  be  paid  out  of  the  sum  so  paid  by  William  Clark,  and  that 
the  residue  be  paid  to  the  representatives  of  Jonathan  Clark  and 
Mrs.  Anderson — that  is,  that  one-half  be  paid  to  the  representatives 
of  Jonathan  Clark  and  the  other  half  to  the  representatives  of  Mrs. 
Anderson. 

To  George  W.  Clark,  William  Clark,  Isaac  Clark  and  to  Eleanor 
Temple  one-fifth  of  one-half  each ;  to  Edward  Peace  (^Edmund 
Pearce'),  Jonathan  Peace  (^Pearce)^  William  F.  Bullock  and  wife, 
William  Bodley  and  wife,  Robert  C.  Stanard  and  wife,  George  B. 
Kinkead  and  wife,  Henry  C.  Brudle  (^PindeW)  and  wife  and  to  Henry 
W.  Veech  (  Vick)^  in  right  of  his  deceased  wife,  Sarah  Veech  (  Vick~)^ 
one-eighth  of  one-fifth  of  one-half  each — the  said  Bullock  and  \\ife, 
Bodlev  and  wife,  Stanard  and  wife,  Kinkead  and  wife,  Brudel  {Pin- 
dcliy*  and  wife  and  Sarah  Veach's  (  Vick' s")  representatives  to  re- 
ceive but  six  shares  or  portions.  The  other  half  of  said  sum  is  decreed 
to  the  representatives  of  Mrs.  Anderson — that  is,  to  Elizabeth  Gwath- 
mc\',  Ann  C.  Logan  and  Cecilia  Anderson,  one-fourth  of  one-half 
each,  and  to  S.  M.  Flournoy  and  Aeminta  Gray,  one-eighth  of  one- 
half  each,  the  share  or  portion  of  Aeminta  Gray  to  be  paid  for  her 
to  John  T.  Gray,  her  guardian. 

*  The  number  of  clerical  mistakes  in  tiie  record  of  this  decree  seems  to  be 
remarkable. 


ALLEGED    WILL    OF    GENERAL    CLARK.  1 137 


It  is  ordered  that  this  contro^  ersy  as  to  any  money  which  may  have 
been  received  In'  Woolfolk,  as  administrator  aforesaid,  be  reserved 
for  further  order  and  decree  ;  and  the  complainants  may  have  execu- 
tion of  this  decree  fortliwith. 

A  copy.  Attest:  Ch.   I.   Clark. 

State  of  Kentucky : 

At  a  county  court  held  for  Jefferson  county,  at  the  court-house  in 
the  city  of  Louisville,  on  the  i3th  day  of  April,  1852,  the  foregoing 
instrument  of  writing,  purporting  to  be  a  certified  copy  of  a  decree  of 
the  Louisville  chancery  court,  rendered  on  34th  November,  185 1,  set- 
ting aside  and  annulling  the  writing  bearing  date  in  1815  and  purport- 
ing to  be  the  w'ill  of  George  Rogers  Clark,  was  this  dav  produced  in 
court  and  ordered  to  be  recorded  and  is  i^ecorded  in  my  office  as  clerk 
of  said  court.  Attest:  Curran  Pope,  Clerk. 

On  the  22d  of  April,  1853,  Robert  O.  Woolfolk,  exec- 
utor of  George  Woolfolk,  filed  the  following  under  oath: 

Respondent,  Robert  O.  Woolfolk,  admits  that  he  is  the  sole  surviv- 
ing executor  of  George  Woolfolk,  deceased,  who  was  administrator 
of  General  George  Rogers  Clark,  deceased. 

Respondent  admits  the  receipt  of  assets  from  his  said  testator  suffi- 
cient, as  he  believes,  to  pay  the  amount  of  any  decree  that  may  be 
rendered  against  him  in  this  case. 

Respondent  states  that  one  Levi  Jones,  administrator  of  one  John 
Halker,  obtained  a  decree  in  the  Louisville  Chancery  Court  in  case 
No.  999,  against  said  George  Woolfolk,  administrator  of  said  G.  R. 
Clark,  on  the  35th  June,  1S39,  for  $3,333.33.  with  six  per  cent,  in- 
terest from  July  6,  i8o3,  subject  to  a  credit  of  $1,157  on  12th  De- 
cember, 183 1  ;  said  decree  and  the  said  suit  are  referred  to  as  part 
hereof.  On  the  3d  July,  1839,  said  George  Woolfolk  gave  his  indi- 
vidual notes,  with  George  C.  Gwathmey  surety,  to  said  Halker's  ad- 
ministrator, for  $5,000  in  full  satisfaction  of  said  decree,  as  shown 
by  the  receipt  of  W.  Browne,  attorney  for  said  Halker's  administra- 
tor, filed  in  said  suit  No.  994,  and  referred  to  as  part  hereof. 


II3S  LITIGATION    IN    RELATION    TO 


Respondent  further  states  that  when  said  G.  R.  Clark  died  he  was 
regarded  as  insolvent;  he  left  no  property,  nor  claims  for  money  or 
property,  respondent  believes,  except  a  claim  of  long  standing  against 
the  commonwealth  of  Virginia  for  services  as  a  general  in  the  Vir- 
ginia State  Z.i/ie  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  for  monej's  advanced 
by  him  for  said  commonwealth  in  said  ser\'ice. 

Said  George  Woolfolk  was  a  lawyer,  and  at  the  request  of  the 
heirs  of  said  G.  R.  Clark,  or  some  of  them,  he  became  the  adminis- 
trator of  said  Clark  in  Virginia  as  well  as  in  Kentucky,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  prosecuting  said  claims  against  the  commonwealth  of  Yh- 
ginia,  and  under  an  agreement  that  he  should  have  for  his  services  a 
contingent  fee  equal  to  one-fourth  the  sum  that  might  be  recovered. 

Respondent  believes  and  charges  that  the  said  George  Woolfolk 
had  a  written  contract  to  that  effect,  which  was  destroyed  by  fire, 
with  most  of  said  George  Woolfolk's  papers,  some  time  before  his 
death.  Respondent  does  not  know  whether  he  will  be  able  to  pro\  e 
said  contract ;  but  he  states  that  it  has  been  usual  and  customary 
throughout  the  western  country,  for  persons  employing  attorneys  to 
prosecute  such  claims,  to  allo-w  contingent  fees  equal  to  from  one- 
fifth  to  one-half  of  the  sum  recovered.  Respondent  states  that  said 
George  Woolfolk  went  three  times  to  Richmond,  Va.,  and  Washing- 
ton City,  and  spent  about  six  months  on  one  occasion,  and  from 
three  to  four  months  on  each  of  the  others,  in  attending  to  the  prose- 
cution of  said  claims,  and  was  at  considerable  expense  in  paying 
counsel  fees,  traveling  expenses,  etc.,  all  of  which  he  was  obliged  to 
]")ay  out  of  his  o\yn  funds,  having  received  no  funds  from  the  said  es- 
tate until  the  money  referred  to  in  complainant's  original  bill  was 
received  by  him.  That  monej'  \\as  made  out  of  the  aforesaid  claims, 
respondent  believes,  and  charges  that  one-fourth  of  said  sum  would 
be  a  reasonable  fee  to  allow  said  George  Woolfolk  for  his  expenses, 
trouble,  and  risk  of  loss  in  prosecuting  said  claims. 

The  receipts  of  the  heirs  to  whom  said  Geo.  Woolfolk  paid  four- 
sixths  of  the  monev  received  by  him,  as  stated  in  the  original  bill  of 
complaints,  having  been  clestroyed  by  fire,   respondent  can  not  state 


ALLEGED    WILL    OF    GENERAL    CLARK.  1 139 


how  much  was  paid  to  them,  but  he  believes  that  said  Geo.  Woolfolk 
retained  twentv-tive  per  cent,  of  said  four-sixths  for  his  fee  for  col- 
lecting same,  expecting  to  make  a  like  ilcduction  from  the  other  two- 
sixths  when  the  same  should  be  distributed. 

After  receiving  the  monev  inentioned  in  complainant's  original 
bill,  said  Geo.  Woolfolk  brought  suit  in  chancery  in  the  Henrico 
circuit  court  against  the  state  of  Virginia  claiming  a  large  balance  as 
administrator  of  said  G.  R.  Clark,  and  employed  Chapman  Johnson, 
of  Richmond,  Va.,  to  attend  to  the  same,  and  as  respondent  believes 
paid  him  a  fee  therefor,  but  how  much  he  can  not  state,  as  the  said 
Johnson's  receipt,  if  he  gave  any,  has  been  destro\ed  bv  fire  or  lost. 

Respondent,  after  his  father's  death,  went  to  Richmond,  Va.,  at 
the  request  of  said  Johnson  to  see  about  said  suit  and  about  having 
administration  de  bonis  non  taken  out  for  the  purpose  of  prosecuting 
said  suit,  and  it  cost  respondent  some  $200.  After  consultation  with 
said  Johnson  it  was  concluded  that  his  son,  G.  N.  Johnson,  should 
administer;  he  did  so,  and  the  sum  of  $6,347.90  received  by  Wm. 
Clark,  administrator  dc  bonis  non  of  said  G.  R.  Clark,  as  stated  in 
an  amended  bill  in  this  case,  was  made  out  of  the  state  of  Virginia 
by  said  suit  and  bv  said  G.  N.  Johnson,  administrator  de  bonis  non^ 
in  the  state  of  Virginia.  Respondent  supposes  and  asks  that  some 
allowance  should  be  made  to  him  on  account  of  said  Geo.  Woolfolk's 
expenses  and  services  therein. 

Respondent  further  states  that  said  Geo.  Woolfolk  paid  to  Mrs.  Ann 
C.  Logan,  one  of  the  plaintiffs,  the  sum  of  $275  as  shown  by  her  re- 
ceipt herewith  filed,  and  bearing  date  13th  January,  1S3S. 

Respondent  claims  credit  for  the  $5,000  paid  to  Ilalkcr's  adminis- 
trator, the  $275  paid  to  Mrs.  Logan,  and  claims  compensation  for  the 
collection  of  the  money  undistributed  by  said  Geo.  \\'oolfolk  and  for 
the  prosecution  of  the  aforesaid  suit  in  the  Henrico  circuit  court,  and 
is  ready  to  pay  any  balance  that  may  be  found  due  to  plaintiffs,  but 
he  denies  that  plaintiffs  are   entitled  to  interest  as  prayed  for  by  them. 

Bullitt  &  Smith,  P.  D. 


1 140 


LITIGATION    IN   RELATION   TO 


November  30,  1S65.  William  Clark,  administrator  de  bonis  non 
of  George  Rogers  Clark,  deceased,  petitions  the  court  for  an  order 
a^o^^■ing  him  to  receive  $3,000  in  compromise  of  the  claims  herein 
against  the  estate  of  George  Woolfolk,  deceased.  He  states  that  it 
appears  that  said  George  Woolfolk,  as  administrator,  collected  on 
a  claim  in  Virginia  $3^,000  or  $36,000,  and  paid  four  shares  out 
of  six,  retaining  twenty-five  per  cent,  for  his  repeated  visits  to  Vir- 
ginia, and  realizing  a  contested  and  complicated  claim  against  the 
government;  that  the  $5,000  retained  for  the  complainants  (the  other 
heirs)  was  paid  in  compromise  of  a  judgment  of  Holker  for  a  much 
larger  amount,  and  that  this  left  but  $1,350  of  the  $35,000  in  his 
hands.  He  states  that  the  parties  are  so  numerous  and  scattered  that 
a  regular  revivor,  etc.,  would  occasion  heavy  loss,  and  he  deems  it 
best  to  accept  the  $3,000  offered  by  Robert  O.  Woolfolk,  executor  of 
George  Woolfolk,  deceased,  in  full  satisfaction.  He  asks  leave  to 
compromise  and  give  a  full  release  to  Woolfolk  on  these  terms. 

BoDLEY,    Attorney. 

On  the  same  date  the  last-mentioned  petition  was  filed 
the  following  order  was  made  : 

Isaac  Clark  and  Others,  Plaintiffs,       1 

Against  >    Order. 

William  Clark  and  Others,  Defendants.  J 

William  Clark,  administrator  de  botiis  non  of  George  Rogers 
Clark,  deceased,  this  day  filed  his  petition  asking  to  be  permitted  to 
accept  the  offer  of  Robert  O.  Woolfolk  to  compromise  the  claims 
herein  in  behalf  of  said  G.  R.  Clark's  estate,  against  the  estate  of 
George  Woolfolk,  deceased,  by  receiving  the  sum  of  $3,000  in  full 
satisfaction  of  the  claims  in  this  suit  against  said  Woolfolk.  Where- 
upon it  is  ordered,  that  said  compromise  be  approved,  and  the  said 
William  Clark    is  authorized   to  make  release  of   said   claims   accord- 


ALLEGED    MTILL   OF    GENERAL  CLARK.  1 141 


ingly  for  said  sum  of  $3,000  (and  on  motion  of  W.  S.  Bodley,  attor- 
ney for  the  plaintiffs,  this  suit  is  dismissed)  . 
See  order  book  No.  60,  page  445. 

Note, — All  the  entries  in  this  case  are  not  included  in  the  foregoing  proceed- 
ings, but  enough  to  show  the  material  action  taken,  and  all  that  is  of  historical 
importance.  It  is  possible  the  copyist  has  made  mistakes  in  not  giving  correct- 
ly some  of  the  names  mentioned. 


II42 


DESCENDANTS    OF    GEN.    JONATHAN    CLARK 
AND  SARAH  HITE. 

The  star  (*)  indicates  tliat  the  person  was  dead  in  1S95. 

CHILDREN. 

1.  Eleanor  Eltinge,*  married  Rev.  Benjamin  Temple.* 

2.  John  Hite,  died  unmarried. 

3.  Isaac,  died  unmarried. 

4.  Mary,  died  in  childhood. 

c;.    Ann,*  married  [ames  Anderson  Pearce.* 

6.  William.*  married  Frances  Ann  Tompkins.* 

7.  George  Washington,*  married  iSIartha  Price. 

GRANDCHILDREN. 
Children  of  Eleanor  Eltinge  Clark  and  RezK  Betijamin   Temple. 

1.  Mary,*  married  Henr3'  Winbourn,*  Mississippi, 

2.  Sarah,  widow  of  Lewis  Lee,  lives  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

3.  Eleanor,*  inarried  Josiah  Newman,*  Mississippi. 

4.  Clark,*  married  Frances  Brashear.* 

5.  Robert*,  married  Anne  C.  Mills,*  Hernando,  Mississippi. 

6.  John  B.,*  married   Susan  M.  Bibb,*   Mary   Falls,*  Blandina   Broadhead. 

7.  Rev.  James  N.,  married  first  ]Margaret  A.  McMahon,*  second  Narcissa 

H.  Barksdale,*  lives  at  Paducah,  Ky, 

8.  Elizabeth  Ann,  married  Rev.  George  Beckett,  New  York  City, 
g.    Lucy  Croghan,  married  Judge  R.  C.  Bowling,*  Russelville,  Ky. 

10.   Julia  Clark  ;*   11,  George  William.* 

Children  of  Ann  Clark  and  Ja^nes  Anderson  Pearce^  Lonisville^  Kentucky. 

1.  Sarah,*  married  Henry  W.  Vick*  (a  cotton  planter),  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

2.  Edmund*  (farmer),  married  Myra  Steele,*  second  Mrs.  Mary  Grinnell.* 

3.  Mary,*  married  William  F.  Bullock*  (lawyer),  Louisville,  Ky. 

4.  Ellen,*  widow  of  William  S.  Bodley  *  (lawyer),  Louisville,  Ky. 

5.  Martha,*  widow  of  Robert  C.  Stanard  *  (lawyer),  Washington,  D.  C. 

6.  Jonathan*  (farmer),  married  Francena  Low,*  Spottsyh'ania  county,  Va. 

7.  Eliza,  widow  of  George  B.  Kinkead  *  (lawyer),  Lexington,  Ky. 

5.  James  Ann,  widoAv  of  Henry  C.  Pindell  *  (lawyer),  Louisville,  Ky. 

Children  of  William    Clark''  and  Frances  Ann    Tomfkins*  Louisville.  Ky. 

1.  Frances  Ann,*  married  first,  Samuel  Lawson,*  second,  Mr.  Biddle.* 

2.  Jonathan  *(doctor),  married  Emma  Noble,  Paducah,  Ky. 

3.  Ellen,  married  Newton  E.  Milton,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

4.  Mary,  married  Dr.  George  E.  Cooke.* 

:;.    Katherine,*  married  W.  H.  Churchill,*  Louisville,  Ky. 

6.  Eugenia;  7,  Eliza;  S,  William  (married  Annie  Bailey,*  Louisville,  Ky.) 

Children  of  George  W.  Clark  *  and  Martha  Price,*  Fayette  County.  Kentucky. 

1.  Sarah,  married  Shepherd  Rogers,*  Clark  county,  Ky. 

2.  Ann,*  married  William  Bell,*  no  children,  Lexington,  Ky. 

3.  Elizabeth,*  married  John  McMurtry,*  Lexington,  Ky. 

4.  Julia,  married  Joseph  R.  Gross,*  Fayette  county,  Ky. 


BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS.  114,3 


GREAT  GRANDCHILDREN. 

Children  of  Mary    Tcmf'h'  and  Henry   K .   Winboiirn. 

I,  Benjamin;*  2,  Ann  IMary;"  ;„  William;*  4,  Ellen;*  5,  John,*  6,  Sarah;* 
7,  Victoria;*  8,  James;*  9,  Lucy  Cook;  10,  Columbia;  11,  Alexander.*  Vic- 
toria, married  Horace  Smith.  She  died  and  he  married  her  sister,  Columbia. 
William,  married  Sarah  Miller;*   Lucv,  married  Roland  J.  Cook. 

Children  of  Eleanor  Temfle  and  Josiah   N'c-vinan,  Mississippi. 

I,  Harriet,*  married  Mr.  Cocke;*  2,  Lucv,  married  Mr.  Cocke*  (brothers); 
3,  Josiah.* 

Children  of  Clark    Temple*  and  Frances   Brashear." 

I,  Benjamin;*  2,  Mary  Ellen;*  3,  Dr.  James  R.;  4,  Walter;  5,  Camilla,* 
married  Edward  Stevenson;*  James  R.,  m.arried  first.  Miss  Kirby,  second.  Miss 
McCoy.  >  J-  . 

Children  of  Robert  Temple  and  Anne  C.  Mills. 

I,  Betty  B.;  2,  Eleanor  C.;*  -^,  Fanny  1\L;  4,  Annie  M.;*  .;,  William 
Robert  ;*  6,  James  Edward  ;  7,  George  Ro,£;ers  Clark  ;*  8,  Sue  B.;  9,  Lem- 
uel B.  ;    10,   Louisa  B.;*   Fanny  ^L,  married  Clarence  C.  Ward. 

Children   of   John   B.    Temple*   and  Blandina   Brodhead  (his    Third    Wife). 

I,    Eleanor;*    2,  Mary,  married  R.  Alexander  Robinson,  Jr.,  Louisville. 
3.    Blandina,  married  Dr.  Wm.  M.  Griffiths,*  Louisville;  4,    Annie. 

Children  of  Rev.  James  N.  Temple  and  his  First  Wife,  Margaret  A .  McMahon.* 
I,    Frances  Carter;*  2,   Sally  Lee,  married  Francis  N.  Gardner. 

Children  of  James  JV.  Temple's  Second  Ji^ife,  A^arcissa  H.  Barhsdale.* 

Some  died  in  infancy,  and  four  daut,'hters  survived  her. 

I,  Robertine,  has  since  died,  unmarried;  2,  Eleanor  Eltinge,  married  Dr. 
Charles  H.  Brother;  3,   Willie,  Paducah,  Ky.;    4,  Susan  Polk. 

Children  of  Elizabeth  Ann   Temple  and  Rev.  George  Beckett. 
They  lost  three  and  their  fourth,  John  Temple  Beckett,  lives  in  N.  York  City. 

Children  of  Lucy  Croghan   Temple  and  Judge  R.  C.  Bowling. 

1.  James  R.,  married  Emma  Walters. 

2.  Tetnple,*  left  children,  two  sons  and  a  daughter. 

3.  Ella,  married  Judge  Umphrey  McThus. 

4.  Elizabeth;*  ^,  Annie,  married  Rev.  G.  W.  Eichelberger,  Adairville,  Ken- 
tuck}';  6,   Lulah  (married  George  Holeman,  Adairville,  Kentucky). 

Children  of  Sarah  Pearce*   Vicksburg,  Miss.,  and  Henry   W.   Vick*  (a  cotton 

planter) . 

I,  James  Pearce;*  2,  Henry  Gray;*  3,  Ann  Pearce;*  4,  Susan;*  5,  Mary; 
6,  George  Rogers  Clark.*     Mary  married  Dr.  Alonzo  J.  Phelps. 

Children   of  Edmund  Pearce*  and  his   First  Wife.  Myra  Steele. 

I,  James  Anderson;*  2,  Amelia  Neville,*  married  George  Wcissinger;  3, 
Richard  Steele;^  4,  John  C,  married  Susannah   Steele.*  Louisville,  Ky. 


1 144         DESCENDANTS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARk'S 


Children  of  Marx  Pcarce"  and  Judge  William  F.  Bullock* 

I,    Ann;*  2,    Edmund;*  3,  William   F.,*  (married   Ella   Ballard,  Louisville, 

Ky.);  4,  Alfred    Carr;*  5,   Mary  ;*  6,  Sarah;*  7,    Edmund;*  8,  Pearce   (married 

Penelope  Lowry,  Shelby  county,  Kentucky);  9,   Henry;*  10,   Wallace   (married 
Nellie  I^ogers,  New   York  state). 

Children   of  Ellen   Pearce'''  and  Judge    William    S.  Bodley." 

I,  Hugh  Shiell;  3,  Ann  James;  4,  Elizabeth;*  5,  Martha  Stanard;  6, 
Pearce;  7,  Harry  Innes;*  8,  William  SteAvart;  9,  Temple;  10,  Stanard;*  11,  El- 
len Pearce.*     Pearce  married  Mary  McHenry  ;*  Temple  married  Edith  Fosdick. 

Child  of  Jonathan   Pearce  and  Francena  Lotu. 
George  Low,  \\h.Q  married  Indiana  Bourges. 

Children  of  Eliza  Pearce  and  George  B.  Kinkcad,   I^exington^  ^y- 

1.  Stanard,  married  Katharine  Carneal,*  Ashland,  Ky. 

,„    >  T   1  -J      (  I-  Annie  Dodge,*  )    „        ,  ,  •      x-    -^r 

2.  (Dr.)  Tohn,  married     -        ^,.       „       •?.         (•   Poughkeepsie,  JN .  Y. 
^        '  -^         '  {  1.  Ease  Hamilton,  \  t.  r      > 

3.  Ellen.* 

4.  James  Pearce.  * 

5.  Annie,  married  Rev.  Dr.  Ben  B.  Warfield,  Princeton  College,  Ne\y  Jersey'. 

6.  Henr3',  married  Edith  Hamilton,  Lexington,  Ky. 

7.  Margaret,  married  Rev.  John  Fox,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

8.  William,  married  Sarah  Shipman,  Galveston,  Texas. 

g.  Mary;  lo,  Frank;*  1 1,  Churchill;*  12,  Jimmie  Pindell  (James  Ann);  13, 
Eliza  Pearce. 

Children   of  Frances   Ann  Clark*  and  Her  First  Hushand,  Samuel  Fawson* 

I,    Charles;   2,  Fannie*  (married  Mr.  Burks). 

Children  of  Jonathan  Clark*  and  Emma  Noble. 
I,    Fannie;    2,  Edmund;  3,  Emma;  4,   ,  dead. 

Children  of  Ellen  Clark  and  Nezvton  E.  Milton. 

1,  Mary  Louisa,*  married  Karl  Junglbuth,  Louisville,  Ky. 

2,  Charles,  J.,  married  Lucy  Loring,  St.  Louis,  Mo;  3,  Frank,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Children  of  J\Iary  Clark  and  George  E.  Cooke. 
I,    Fannie;*  -,    George.* 

Children  of  William  Clark  and  Annie  Bailey.* 
I,    Katharine;   2,  Louise;  3,  William  Rogers;*  4,  Annie  Winford.* 

Children  of  Sarah  Clark  and  Shepherd  Rogers,'  Lexington,  Ky. 

I,  Martha  C,  married  James  N.  Embry,  Waxahachie,  Texas;  2,  Fanny  Clark; 
3,  Laura;  4,  Jerry  E.,  married  Nettie  Howell,  Lexington,  Ky. 

Children  of  Elizabeth   Clark*  and  John  McMurtry,  Lexington,  Ky. 

I,  George  (married  Sadie  E.  McMurty);  2,  John;  3,  Elizabeth,  married 
Philip  Bird;  4,  Edmund;  5,  Julia,  married  Mr.  Bryson;  6,  Annie,  married  Mr. 
Watkins;    7,  Eleanor;  S,  Isaac. 

Children  of  Julia  Clark  and  Joseph  R.  Gross,  Fayette  County,  Ky. 
I,    EdwardT.;   2,  Joseph;  3,  Mattie  C.  (married  S.  St.  McCann);  4,  George  C. 


BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS.  1 1 45 


GREAT-GREAT-GRANnCIIILDREN, 
Children  of  William  Wiiihonrn*  and  His  /'"irsi  Jl^ife,  Sarali  Miller* 

I,  Mar3'  E.,  niiirried  Mr.  Kcllj;  j,  William  A.;*  3,  Matthew  B  ;  4,  Sarah 
Victoria;   5,    Henry  Duncan. 

Children   of  II.    \'icioria   Winhonrn  and  Horace   C.   Smith. 
1,    H.  Victoria  Smith.* 

Children  of  Lucy  F.   JVinbonrti  and  Roland  9^.  Cook. 

I,  Frances;  2,  Manie  Lee;  3,  Lucy  Winbourn;*  4,  Janie  Clark;  5,  James 
R.;  6,   Winbourn;   7,   Sue  Louise.* 

Children  of  Columbia  C.   ]Vinbourn  and  Horace  C.  Smith.* 

I,  riuesea;  2,  Marinn  ^V..  married  Taines  C.  Hicks;  3.  Eleanor  T.,  married 
Dr.  A.  ,\.  McClendon;  4,  Martha  M.,  married  F.  T.  Johnson;  1;,  Georj^e  C; 
6,    A.  M.B.;*   7,   Henry  K.;  8,   DeWitt  H,;  9,   Lucy  Newman;    10,'  Scottie. 

Children    of  Alexander   Winbourn*  and  Loui.se  CoT'inij-ton*  His   First   IVife. 
I,    Eleanor  T.;    2.   Henry  K.;    3,  Ann  Mary;    4,  Mary  E.;   5,  Lucy  Newman. 

Child  of  Alexander  Winbourn*  and  Fannie  Fee  Gregg,  His  Second  Wife. 

I,    Alexander. 

Only  Child  of  Harriet  Neivman  Cocke. 
I,    Benjamin.* 

Children  of  Dr.  James  R.  Temple  and  His  First  Wife,  Miss  Kirhy* 
I,    Mary  F.  (married  John  McDaniel);   2,  Warner  R.;*  3,  Robert  E. 

Children  of  Dr.  James  R.  Temple  and  His  Second  Wife,  Miss  McCoy. 

I,  Charles  B.  (married  Miss  Tucker);  2,  William  C.;*  3,  Lucy  B.;  4,  Max 
G.  (twins);   5,  A.J.;*  6,  B.  A.*  (twins);  7,  Rena.* 

Child  of  Camilla   Temple*  and  Edward  Stevenson. 
1,    Eleanor  T.* 

Children  of  Dr.   Walter  Temple. 
I,    Harry;   2,  Eleanor;*  3,  Camilla;  4,  Curran  B.;   5,  Mary. 

Children  of  Fannie   Temple  and  Clarence  C.   Ward. 
I,    Clara  L.  (married  J.  Xcwell  Brooks);  2,   Lloyd;    3,  Richard;  4,  Clarence. 

Children  of  Mary  Temple  and  R.  A.  Robinson.  Jr. 
I,   John  T.;  2,  Wm.  A.;   3,   Richard  A.,  Jr. 

Child  of  Blandina   Temple  and  Dr.   Wm.  -1/.  Griffiths. 
I.    Blandina  T. 

Children  of  James  R.  Bowling  and  Emma   Walters. 
I,    R.  W.;  2,  Wm.  L. 

Children  of  Temple  Bowling"'  and  Sadie  Anderson. 
1,    Ula;   2,  Temple;   3,   Umphrey. 


II46 


Child  of  Annie  Bozvlinff  ami  G.   W.  Eichclhcrger. 
I.    Roberta  B. 

Cliild  of  Lula  Boz.ling  and  George  H.  Hoiman. 
I.    Lucie  M. 

Childroi  of  Sa/iy  aad  Francis  N.  Gardner. 
I,    Temple;   2,  Nelly. 

Cliildren   of  Mary    \'ic1i  and  Dr .  Plieips. 

I,  Nannie;  2,  Henrv  \'ick;  3,  Mary  Pearce;  4,  Ellen  Bodley.  Nannie  mar- 
ried Peter  Georeje;  Mar\'  Pearce  Phelps  married  Renato  Piola  Casselli,  of  the 
Italian  army,  live  at  Rome.     They  have  one  daughter. 

Only  Cliild  of  Amelia  Pearce*  and  George   IVeissinger. 
Ann  Amelia,  married  J    Hoadley  Cochran. 

CIn'Idrrn  of  Joliii  C.  Pearce  ayid  Siisaiinah  Slecle. 
I,    Myra  Steele;  2,  Amelia  Neville;  3,  John;  4,  William  Bodley;  5,  James. 

Children   of   JJ'ni.  P.  Bulloch'''  and  Ella   Ballard. 
I,    Ballard;  2,  William;  3,  Mary  Pearce;  4,  J.  Pindell. 

Children  of  Pearce  Bulloch  and  Penelope  Loivry. 

I,  Helen;'  2,  Lowr^';  3,  Anderson;  4,  Plenrj-;  5,  Mary  Elizabeth;  6, 
Edmund;   7,  Lunsford  Y.;  8,   Helen;  9,  Thomas;   10,  Pearce. 

Children  of  Wallace  Bullock  and  Nellie  Rogers. 
I,   Ellen;    2,    Mary  E;   3,  ";   4,   Agnes;*   5,    William  W. 

Children  of  Pearce  Bodley  and  Mary  AIcHcnry." 
I,    Beverlv  Meriwether;     2,  Innes  Harwood. 

Child  of  Temple  Bodlev  and  Edith  Fosdick. 
I,    William  Fosdick.* 

Children   of  Stanard  Kinhead  and  Katherine    Carneal.* 
I,    Eliza;  2,  Davis;  3,  Stanard;  4,  William. 

Children   of  John    Kinhead  and  Annie  Dodge'  {his  frst   i.vife'). 
I,    Cornelia;   2,   George. 

Children   of  Margaret  Kinhead  and  John   Fox. 
I,  Eliza  Pearce  ;   2,   Edward.* 

Children  of  Henrv   P    Kinhead  and    Edith  Hamilton. 
I,   Jennie;   2,  John,"  3,   Elise. 

Children  of  .Martha  C.  Rogers  and  james  N.  Embry,   Wnxahachie,   Texas. 

I.  Fannie  R.,  married  J.  Rush  Williams;  2,  J.  Will;  3,  Jerry  R.;  4,  Jacob;  5, 
George  C. 


BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS.  "47 

C/nldroi  of  Miirv  Louisa  Milton  and  Karl  Junglbiith. 
1,   Karl;  ;,  Marion. 

Son  of  Charles  J.  Milton  and  Lucy  Loring,  Alonzo  Loring. 

Children  of  Jerry  E.  Rogers  and  Nettie  Howell. 
I,  Anna  G.;   z,  Fannie  C;  3,  Florence  H. 

Children  of  Elizabeth  MeMiirirv  and  Phillip  Bird. 
I,    BettieC;  2,  Sara  H.;  3,  Annie  B.;  4,  G.Lee;  5,  Virginia  R.;  6,  Temple  B. 

Children  of  Julia  MrMiirtrv  and  Ollie  Brvson. 
1,    Harry  G.;   2,  Bessie  C;  3,  ClymO;   4,  Isaac  N.;  5,  EleanorT.;  6,  Dorothy. 

Children  of  Annie  McMiirtrv  and  Thomas  Watkins. 

I,  Thomas  B.;  j,  John;  3,  Elizabeth  C;  4,  Jane  W.;  5,  George  C;  6, 
Caroline;  7,   Harry  W. 

Child  of  Mattie  Gross  and  S.  S.  McCann. 
I.   Julia  G.  McCann. 

GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GRANDCHILDREN. 

I,  Child  of  Charles  B.  Temple  and  Miss  Tucker. 

Child  of  Ann  Amelia    Weissinger  and  J.  Hoadley   Cochran. 
Harriet. 

Children  of  Marion   W .  Smith  and  James  C.  Hicks. 
I,    Susie  Clark;   2,   Robert;   3,  James  (twins). 

Children  of  Martha  M.  Smith  and  F.  T.  Johnson. 
I,    Floy;   2,  George  Russel. 

Child  of  Clara  L.  Ward  and  C.  Newell  Brooks. 
1.    Vera  Brooks. 

Child  of  Nannie  Pkel^s  and  Peter  George. 
I,    Alonzo  Phelps;"   2, 

Child  of  Mary  Phelps  and  Renato  Piola-Casselli. 
I.    Theresa  Mary. 

Child  of  Fannv  R.  Embry  and  C.  Rush  Williams. 
I,    Rush  Williams. 

Note. — For  the  information  contained  in  the  foregoing  list  the  author  is  in- 
debted to  Miss  Ann  J,  Bodley,  of  Louisville,  Kentucky,  one  of  the  descendants 
of  General  Jonathan  Clark. 


73 


I  148    DESCENDANTS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK'S 


DESCENDANTS  OF  ANN  CLARK  (ELDEST  SIS- 
TER OF   GEORGE   ROGERS   CLARK) 
AND  OWEN  GWATIOIEY. 

CHILDREN. 

John;  Temple;  Samuel;  Diana  ^[oore;  Ann  (married  Wm.  Booth,  no  chil- 
dren); Elizabeth;  Benjamin  and  Lucy  (twins);  George;  Lsaac  R.;  Frances  Ma- 
tilda;  Catharine. 

GRANDCHILDREN. 
CJ'ildren  of  John  Givathmey  and  Ann  Booth. 

Owen;  William:  Ellen  (married  first  Mr.  Burnett,  second  Samuel  Hillman); 
Matilda  (married  Mr.  Bates). 

Children  of  Temflc  Gruathmev  and  .-!?/;/  Marhs, 

Sidney  (married  Mr.  Woods);  Diana  (married  ^ilr.  Thurston);  Eliza  (mar- 
ried Mr.  Tilly);  Fortunatus  (married  Miss  Lyons);  Henrj'  (married  Mary 
Eliza  Casey);  Catharine;   Frances  Matilda  (married  Thomas  WoUan). 

Children  of  Samuel  Givathmey  and  Alary  Booth, 
Mamie;   William;  Baylor  H.;   Rebecca  (married  Henry  Tyler);   Mary  Eliza. 

Children  of  Diana  JMoorc  Givathmey  and  Thomas  Bullitt. 

"Mary  (married  first  Gen.  Adkinson,  second  Col.  Stewart);  Ferdinand;  Alex- 
ander (married  first  Fann^'  Smith,  second  Irene  Williams);  ^Vashington;  Eloise 
(married  Mr.  DeKantrow);  Owen  (married  Virginia  Berry);  Ann  (married 
Richard  Clough  Anderson);    Diana  (married  Phillip  Kearne^');   Cora. 

Children  of  Elizabeth  Grvathtncy  and  Richard   Clough  Anderson.,  Jr. 

Elizabeth  (married  first  Mr.  Miller,  second  Lieut.  Stephen  Johnston,  third 
Fayette  Flourno3');  John  Clark;    Arthur;   Anneto  (married  John  T.  Gray). 

Children  of  Lucy  Givathmey  and  Peter  Priest, 
Temple;   Richard  O.;  Ferdinand. 

Children  of  George  Givathmey  ajtd  Sophia  Girard, 

Alfred  (married  Virginia  Keats);  Julia  (married  ^Ir.  Bacon);  Frances  Ann; 
Elizabeth;  Ellen  (married  General  Carj'  Fry);  George;  Sophy;  Eloise  (mar- 
ried Mr.  Poindexter);    Mary  Atkinson;  John;  Kate. 

Children  of  Isaac  R.  Givathmey  and  Klizaheth  C.  Anderson, 

Benjamin:  Richard;  Isaac  Benjamin;  Richard  C;  Owen;  Mary  Eliza; 
Maria  Louisa. 

Child  of  Frances  Matilda  and  Mr.  Skidmore  {first  husband'). 
Ann. 

Children  of  Frances   Matilda  and  Mr.  Jones  {^second  husband). 
John    W.  (married    Harriet    Boswell);    William    H.  (married    Kate    Given); 
Ellen. 


BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS.  I  ^49 


Children  of  Callun-inc  Givathmey  and  George   Woolfolk. 
Richard   O.  (married    Mrs.    May);   Ann;   Elizabetli;  George   (married   Miss 
Owen);   Frances  (married  Phillip  NVallan). 


CHILDREN  OF  WILLIAM  CROGHAN  AND 
LUCY  CLARK. 

John;   Nicholas;   Charles;   Edward;   William;   Ann;  George. 

GRANDCHILDREN. 
Child  of  William  Croghan  and  Mary  O'Hara. 
Mary,  married  Captain  Edward  W.  II.  Schenley. 

Children  of  Ann  Croghan  and  Thomas  f.  Jesszip. 
Lucy  Ann;   Mary  Serena;  Jane  Findley  (married  Augustus  S.  Nicholson); 
Julia  Clark;   William;   Charles. 

Children  of  George  Croghan  and  Serena  Livingston. 
Mary  Angelica;   St.  George;   Serena  Livingston  (four  died  in  infancy.) 

GREAT-GRANDCHILDREN. 

Children  of  jMarv  0^ Hara  Croghan  and  Kd'vard  11^.  H,  Schenley. 
Wm.  Croghan;  Edward;   Alfred;  Elizabeth;  Jane;  Agnes;  Richmond;  Alice; 
Hennione. 

Child  of  Lucy  Ann  Jessuf  and  Lorenzo  Siigreaz^es. 
Mary. 

Children  of  Mary  Serena  Jessnf  and  James  Blair. 
Violet  (married  Henryjanin);  James  Lucy  (married  George  Wheeler);  Jessup. 

Cliildren  of  Mary  Angelica  Croghan  and  Rcx'.  Christopher  Ji'yatt. 
Fanny;   William;   Christopher;   Mary  Livingston. 

Children  of  St.  George  Croghan  and  Cornelia  Ridgely. 
Cornelia;   Lucy  Serena;  George;   Elizabeth. 

Children  of  Serena  Livingston  Croghan  and  Augustus  F.  Rogers. 
Cornelia  Livingston;   Montgomery;   Marian  St.  George;   Nannie  Augustus; 
Henry  Croghan;   Grace;   Robert. 

GREAT-GREAT-GRANDCHILDREN. 
Children  of  Fanny  }Vyatt  and  Henry  Allen. 
Wyatt;  Fanny;   Harriett;    Lucius. 

Children  of  William   Wyatt  and  Ja^ie  Kirhy. 
Christopher;   Merritt;   Cornelia. 

Children  of  Christopher   Wyatt,  Jr.,  ajid  Isabel  Morris. 
Alleyn;  Katharine. 

Children  of  Mary  Livingston   Wyatt  and  Henry  K.  Ne-ivhall. 
Alice;   Donald;   Cornelia. 


I  I  ^O         DESCENDANTS  OF  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK's 


Child  of  Cornelia  Croghan  a7?d  Horatio  Hornet. 
Mary  Sophia. 

Children  of  Lucy  Serena  Croghan  and  Sj>enccr  Brown. 
Lucy;   Florence;   Spencer,  Jr. 

Child  of  Elizabeth  Croghan  a^id  Duncan  Kennedy. 

Duncan,  Ji". 

Child  of  Cornelia  Livingston  Rodgers  and  Norval  St.  Nokes. 
Virginia  Rodgers. 


DESCENDANTS    OF   ELIZABETH    CLARK   AND 
RICHARD  CLOUGH  ANDERSON. 

Richard   Clough,  Jr.  (married   Elizabeth  Gwathmej',  no  family);  Elizabeth; 
Cecilia;   Ann  (married  John  Logan). 

GRANDCHILDREN. 

Children  of  Ann  Anderson  and  John  Logan. 
John  Allen;   Richard  A.;   Robert  W.;  Elizabeth  C.  (married   Mr.   Simpson); 
Sarah  Jane  (married  James  M.  Gambel);   Catharine  Mary;   Charles  Isaac. 


DESCENDANTS  OF  GOVERNOR  WILLIAM 

CLARK. 


CHILDREN. 


he 

dren  b\'  the  first  Avife  A\ere  : 

I,  Meriwether  I^ewis  Clark*  (married,  first,  Abbv  Churchill,  had  seven 
children,  second,  Julia  Davidson,  who  had  no  children  by  him);  2,  William 
Preston*;  3,   Mary  Maigaret*;  4,  George  Rogers  Hancock*;   5,  John  Julius.* 

By  the  second  wife  he  had,  i,  Jeiferson  Kearney  (who  married  Miss  Mary 
Susan  Glasgow,  May  8,  1849);  and  2,   Edmund,*  who  died  unmarried. 

GRANDCHILDREN. 
Children  of  Meriiv ether  Leivis  Clark  and  Ahhv  Churchill. 
I.  William  Hancock  (married  Camilla  Gaylord,  of  New  York,  August  22, 
iSS:;);  2,  Samuel  Churchill*  (killed  at  battle  of  Pea  Ridge);  3,  MaryEliza*; 
4,  Meriwether  Lewis,  second,  (married  Marj'  Martin  Anderson,  May,  1871);  5, 
John  O'Fallon,  second*;  6,  George  Rogers,  second;  7,  Charles  Jefferson  (married 
Lena  Jacob,  July  5,  1S73). 

Children  of  George  Rogers  Ha^icock   Clark  and  Eleanor  Ajin  Glasgow 

I,  Julia  (married  Robert  Stevenson  Voorhis);  2,  Seddie  Leonida*;  3,  John 
O'Fallon,  ist  (married  Beatrice  Chouteau,  January  15,  1867);  4,  Ellen  Glasgow 
(married  Willis  Edward  Lauderdale,  October  26,  1865). 


BROTHERS  AND  SISTERS. 


II5I 


GREAT  GRANDCHILDREN. 
Children   of  MeriT.ve1!icr  Lcivis    Clark,  second,   and  Marv   Martin  Anderson. 
1,   John  Henry  Churchill;   2,  Carrie  Anderson;  3,  Marie  Barbaroux, 

Children  of  Charles  Jefferson  Clark  and  Lena  Jacob. 
I,    Mary  Susan;   2,  Evelyn  Kennerly;  3,  Marguerite. 

Child  of  Julia  Clark  and  Robert  Stevenson   Voorhis. 
Eleanor  Glasgow. 

Children  of  John  C Fallon  Clark,  first,  and  Beatrice  Chouteau. 

I,  Henry  Chouteau;*  2,  Beatrice  Chouteau;  3,  Carloto;  4,  William  Glas- 
gow; 5,  Clemence  Eleanor;  6,  John  O'Fallon,  third;  7,  Harriet  Kennerly;  8, 
George  Rogers  Clark,  the  third. 

Children  of  Ellen  Chtsffo-iv  Clark  and  Willis  Edward  Lauderdale. 
I,    Saddle  Clark  married  Wilmot  E.  Ellis,  April  8,  1890;   2,  Walter  Clark. 

GREAT-GREAT  GRANDCHILDREN. 
Children  of  Scddie  Clark  and  Wilmot  Edivard  Ellis. 
I,    Edward  Lauderdale. 

Note. — The  information  in  the  above  list  was  furnished  the  author  by  Will- 
iam Hancock  Clark,  Esq.,  eldest  grandson  of  Governor  Clark. 
*Those  marked  with  a  star  were  dead  in  1895. 


DESCENDANTS   OF    FRANCES    ELEANOR, 

YOUNGEST  SISTER  OF  GEORGE 

ROGERS   CLARK. 

Descendants    of  Frances  Eleanor  Clark  and   Dr.  James   O'Fallon   {her  first 

husband). 
John;  Benjamin. 

Children  by  second  husband.  Captain  Charles  Myn7i  IThruston. 
Charles  William;   Ann  Clark. 

Children  by  third  husband.  Judge  Dennis  Fitzhugh. 

Clark  (married  Susan  Rudd,  had  one  daughter,  Ann  Clark);   Lucy  (married 
Henry  Sydney  Coxe). 

GRANDCHILDREN. 

Children  of  JohnO' Fallon  and  Harriett  Stokes  {first  wife). 

Ellen;   William;   Harriett. 

Children  of  Johti  O'Fallon  and  Ruth  Caroline  Sheets  {second  -wife). 
Caroline;  James  Joseph;  Benjamin;   Henry  Algernon;  John  Julius. 


II 


5^ 


CliildrfH  of  Sejijamin  O^ Fallon  a?id  Sophia  Lee. 

Fannie   Clark;    John;    William  Clark   (married    Miss    INIcCreary);    Charles 
Thruston;   Emil3'  Rousseau;  Ellen. 

Children  of  Charles  William  Thruston  and  Mary  Eliza  Churchill. 
Samuel  Churchill  (married  Kate  Kellar);  Frances  Ann;  Mary  Eliza;  O'Fallon. 

Children  of  Ann  Clark  Thruston  and  Dr.  Bernard  Gaines  Farrar. 

Charles   Thruston;    John   O'Fallon;    Benjamin   O'Fallon;    Bernard  Gaines; 
James  Sweringen;   Ellen  Frances. 

GREAT-GRANDCHILDREN. 

Children  of  Caroline  O^ Fallon  and  Dr.  Charles  Alexander  Pope. 

Ruth  Caroline;  John  O'Fallon;   Charles;   Adelaid  Eliza  Wyatt;   Emily  Alice 
Lucy. 

Child  of  James  Joseph  O' Fallon  and  Ann  Harris. 
Harris  Taylor. 

Children  of  Benjaini7i  O' F alio 71  and  Sallie  Cha^npe  Carter  {his  first  vjife^. 
Clarence  Carter;   Ruth  Caroline;  Rebecca  Rosalie;   Harriet  Louisa. 

Children  of  Betijamin  O'' Fallon  and  Marv  Shrez'e  Carter  {his  second  -wife). 
Sallie  Carter;   Florence  Mary;   Howard  Lawrence;  Carter  Randolph;   Ethel. 

Children  of  John  Julius  O'' Fallon  and  Caroline  Mastin. 
Frank  Mastin;   Caroline  Ruth  (married  Joseph  Miller);   Charles  Pope. 

GREAT-GREAT-GRANDCHILDREN. 

Children  of  Clarence  Carter  O' Fallon  and  Harriett  Bates  Johnson. 
Nancy  Lucas;   Sallie  Claire  Campe  Carter. 

Child  of  Ruth.  Caroline  0' Fallon  and  Phillip  Grymes  Randolph. 
Nathaniel  Burwell. 

Children  of  Rebecca  Rosalie  O'Fallon  and  William  Fitzhugh  Randolph. 
Mary  Carter;   Beverly;   Benjamin  O'Fallon;   William;   Estore. 

Childre7i  of  Harriett  Louise  O'' Fallon  a7id  Daniel  Britaiii  Ely. 
Ruth;   Mildred;   Amy  Britain. 

Children  of  Frank  Mastin  O^ Fallon  and  Anita  Glasgow. 
William  Glasgow;  John  Julius. 

Children  of  Fanny   Clark  O'Fallon   and  Dr.  David  Middleton    Cooper   {her 

first  husband'). 
Sophia;   Astley.     She  had  no  children  by  her  second  husband,  M.  Wall. 

Child  of  Ellen  O' Fallon  and  Frank  Smith. 
Dr.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston. 


BROTHERS  AM)  SISTERS.  115,3 


Children  of  Frances  Ann  TJn'iiston  and  Andreiv  yackson  Ballard. 

Charles  Thruston;  Bland  Ballard;  Abigail  Churchill;  Samuel  Thruston; 
Roe;ers  Clark  Ballard  Thruston  (who  adopted  his  mother's  family  name  of 
Thruston). 

GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GRANDCHILDREX. 

Children  of  Charles  Thruston  Ballard  and  Fmilina  lilodesle  (J/ina)  Breaux. 

Abby  Churchill;  Emilie  Locke;  ISlary  Thruston;  Charles  Mynn  Thruston; 
Gustave  Breaux;   Fanny  Thruston;   Churchill;   Mina  Breaux. 

Children  of  Samuel  Thruston  Ballard  and  Sunshine  Harris. 
Mary  Harris;  Theodore  Harris;   Samuel  Thruston,  Junior. 
John  O'Fallon  Farrar  married  first  Caroline  Garland — they  had  no  children. 

Children  of  John  O^ Fallon  Farrar  and  Sally  Christy  (his  second  tvife). 

William  Christy  (married  Clara  Jennings,  and  has  six  children);  Charles 
Thruston  (married  Anna  Gorman,  has  two  sons,  Benedict  and  Thruston); 
Ellen  Morgan  (married  James  C.  Duke,  has  one  child,  Sarah  Christy);  Benjamin 
(married  Carlotte  S.  Gardner);  Calvin  Christy;  John;  Eliza  Christy  (married 
Clarence  C.  Obear);   Arthur  Barret;   Frank  Blair. 

Children  of  Benjamin  O^ Fallon  Farrar  and  Antia  Kennett. 

Lucy  Swon;  Bernard  Gaines  (married  Eliza  Howard);  Luther  Kennett; 
Martha  Sweringen  (married  INI.  D.  Burns,  has  one  child,  Kennett  Farrar);  John 
Royal;  Agness  Kennett  (married  Professor  W.  B.  Potter,  have  three  children, 
Mary  Chauncey;  Anna  Farrar;  Horatio  Potter);  Franklin  Dick;  Coburn;  Harry. 

Children  of  Bernard  Gaines  Farrar  and  Isabel  J.  Mitchell. 

Francis  Jerdone;  Ann  Clark  Thruston  (married  George  C.  W.  Belcher,  and 
has  one  daughter,  Isabel  Jerdone);  Alexander  Mitchell;  Bertie  Cecil. 

Child  of  James  Sweringen  Farrar  and  Eliza  Christy  (his  first  -wife). 
James  Sweringen. 

Children  of  James  Sweringen  Farrar  and  Adele  Rutherford. 
Lucile;  Bernard  Royal;   Adele. 

Children  of  Ellen  Frances  Farrar  and  White  Kennett  (her  first  husband). 
Harry  Percy;   Samuel  H.;   Anne  Clark  Thruston. 

Children  of  Ellen  Frances  Farrar  and  S.   T.  Houser  (her  second  husband). 
Ellen  T.;  Thomas. 

Children  of  Ann  Clark  Fitzhugh  and  Allen  J.Polk. 

Susie  H.  (married  T.  W.  Keesee,  and  has  two  children,  Zelda  and  T.  W.,  Jr.); 
Anna  Lee  (married  S.  A.  Pepper,  and  has  two  children,  Allen  and  Zelda);  Zelda 
H.  (married  D.  T.  Hargraves);   Robin  A. 

Note. — The  information  in  this  list  was  kindly  furnished  the  author  by  R.  C. 
Ballard  Thruston,  Esq. 


NDEX, 


Abl)ott,  Edward,  lieutenant-governnr, 

200,  201,  22S,  224,  474. 
Al)l)(itt,  William,  Sr.,  1061. 
Abliott,  William,  Jr.,  1061. 
Adams,  Francis,  1061. 
Adams,  John,  762. 
Adams,  William,  1119. 
Adamson,  John,  3(i.5  note,  M'l. 
Adee,  Alvey  A.,  773. 

Ademhard, ,  .3()-~i  note. 

Adhemar  (Adiinar),  British  cdmniis- 

sarv,  354,  576,  5.S6. 
Ainsfev,  Amos,  586,  608,  1057. 
Alexaniler,  :Miss,  962. 
Allan,  John,  1051. 
Allen  (Allan),  David,  842,  1117. 
Allen,  Ethan,  625. 
Allen,  Isaac,  1061. 
Allen,  John,  Sr.,  1061. 
Allen,  John,  Jr.,  1061. 
Allen,  Samuel,  1060. 
Aller_v,  Joseph,  1061. 
Aluion's  Remembrancer,  563. 
Alonton,  Jacob,  1061. 
Amoneau,  Charles,  1046. 
Anderson,  Ann,  1008. 
Anderson,  Annita  <i.,  1123. 
Anderson,  Ceciha,  lOOS,  1123. 
Anderson,  Charles.  1008,  1009. 
Anderson,    Elizabeth,    see    Elizabeth 

Clark. 
Anderson,  Elizabeth,  1009. 
Anderson,  Fanny,  1008. 
Anderson,  Hugh,  1008. 
Anderson,  Isaac,  725,  727. 
Anderson,  John,  1061. 
Anderson,  John  E.,  1008. 
Anderson,  Joseph,  842,  937. 
Anderson,  Larz,  1008,  1009. 
Anderson,  Louisa,  1008. 
Anderson,  Lucelia,  1008. 
Anderson,  Mary,  1008. 
Anderson,  Matthew,  1008. 
Anderson,  Richard  Clough,  48,  49, 832, 

1006,  1150. 
Anderson,  Richard  Clough,  Jr.,  1008, 

1009,  1123. 


Anderson,  Robert,  1008,  1009. 

Anderson,  Sarah,  1008. 

Anderson,  AVilliam,  1008. 

Anderson's,  583. 

Andree,  Jean,  1060. 

Andrews,  .rosei.h,  1049. 

Antia,  Jtlich.,  1047. 

Antier,  Francis,  1062. 

Apperson,  Richard,  1062. 

A|)pk't(jn's  Cycli)[iedia,   144  note. 

A]>plct(in's   ('vclojiedia   of    American 

Bi(.g-ra|ihy,  874,  916,  1015. 
Ar)]uci<le,  Cajitain,  470. 
Armstnjng's  Staliim,  973. 
Arnold,  Benedict,  702. 
Arquoite,  Francois,  586. 
Ash,  ,Tohn,  842,  1117. 
Ash,  Reabin,  1117. 
Asher,  Bartlett,  1062. 
Asher,  William,  842. 
Atchcson,  (ieorge,  1067. 
Auahache,  700. 
Auglaise,  986. 
Aux  Miamis,  210  note,  228,  430  note, 

444,  575. 

Back,  John,  1062. 

Badollet,  Albert,  270. 

Badollet,  John,  270. 

Bailey,  David,  842. 

Bailey,  John,  see  John  Baley. 

Baker,  Lieutenant,  726. 

Baker,  Richard,  365  note,  585. 

Baley    (Bailev,    Baylev),   John,    204, 

262,  316,  317,  323,  324,  367,  386,  427, 

4.39,  531,  550,  572,  577,  698,  746,  839. 

861,  1068,  1117. 
Ballard,  Bland,  1060. 
Ballard,  Bland  W.,  973,  1062. 
Ballard,  James,  1061 . 
Ballard,  Proctor,  1060. 
Ballenger,  Larkin,  1062. 
Bancroft,  George,  History  of   the  U. 

S.,  124,  216. 
Banks,  Rev.,  891. 
Barber,  Captain,  513. 
Barber,  John,  1062. 


("55) 


II56 


INDEX. 


Barbour,  James,  880. 

Barbour,  Philip,  689. 

Bare  Banks,  72(i. 

Barlow,  Joel,  The  Columbiad,  614. 

Barnet,  Robert,  842. 

Barny,  Williara,  1062. 

Barois,  Ja.,  740. 

Baron,  Joseph,  585. 

Barrataria  Lsland,  474. 

Barren  river,  945. 

Barron,  Major  P.,  740. 

Barry,  William,  1062. 

Bartholomew,  Joseph,  8.W,  1115. 

Bartholomew,  W.  H.,  850. 

Bartlett's,  582. 

Base,  David,  1062. 

Batev,  James,  10o5. 

Bathey,  Elisha,  79,  580. 

Batteast,  Indian  chief,  512. 

Batten,  Thomas,  842. 

Baubin, ,  696. 

Baulon,  Hypolite,  1036. 
Bauvais,  Eago,  1044. 
Baxter,  James,  842. 
Bayard,  Mrs.,  322,  377,  379. 
Bayard,  Samuel,  322. 
Bavard,  Thomas  F.,  660. 

Bayless, ,  148. 

Bayley  John,  see  John  Baley. 

Bazadone,  ,  807,  811. 

Beargrass,  788. 

Beargrass    creek,    131,    135,  144,   151, 

750,  754,  830,  929,  963. 
Beaudouin,  I.  B.,  586. 
Beaverdam,  612. 
Beckley,  Wilham,  1119. 
Bedford,  863. 
Beggs,  James,  859,  1115. 
Bell,  Sam,  842.' 
Bell,  William,  842,  1117. 
Bellefeuille,  Antoine,  1057,  1058. 
Bellefeuille,  L.  F.,  576,  585,  608,  651. 
Bell  Grove.  112  note. 
Bement,  Walter,  1129. 
Bender,  John,  1062. 
Bender,  Lewis,  1062. 
Bender,  Robert,  1062. 
Bennet,  William,  .33. 
Bentley,  James,  842,  1035,  1117. 
Bentley,  .John,  842,  1034,  1117. 
Benton,  Thomas,  1062. 

Berard, ,  1062. 

Berrey,  William,  1034,  1035. 
Berry,  .Tames,  580. 
Berrv,  William,  1062. 
Bethey,  Elisha,  843. 
Bienvenue,  Antoine,  1049,  1054. 
Big  Cove  Valley,  123. 


Big  creek,  971. 

Biggar,  James,  843,  967,  1117. 

Big  Gate,  see  Lajes. 

Biggs,  William,  i067. 

Bigras,  Alex.,  586. 

Bigraw,  Alexander,  1062. 

Bililerback,  Charles,  843. 

Bill,  Samuel,  33. 

Bingamore,  Adam,  1062. 

Binkley,  William,  1062. 

Bird,  Colonel,  677. 

Bird,  Samuel,  1062. 

Biron,  J.  B.,  1060. 

Blackamoore's,  582. 

Black  Bird,  503. 

Blackford,  Joseph,  79,  1117. 

Blackford,  Samuel,  843,  1117. 

Blackford's  Reports,  865. 

Black's,  582. 

Blair,  .\rch.,  624. 

Blair,  John,  92,  1062. 

Blancher,  Pierre,  1062. 

Blankenship,  Henry,  843. 

Blearn,  David,  1060,  1062. 

Blein,  Pierre,  1061. 

Bliss,  Professdi',  4.i5,  456. 

Blomer,  Captain,  241. 

Blue  Lick,  464,  758,  760. 

Blue  Licks,  Battle  of,  253,  693,  760, 945. 

Bodley,  Ann  J.,  995. 

Bodley,  Ellen,  1123. 

Bodley,  Temple,  12,  788. 

Bodley,  William,  1123. 

Bogard,  Jacob,  365  note. 

Bogerts,  Jacob,  586. 

Boisbriant,  ,  198. 

Bollinger,  James,  1062. 

Bolton,  Daniel,  1060. 

Bolton,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  225. 

Bond,  Bland,  1060. 

Bond,  Shadrach,  1060. 

Boneux,  Pierre,  1055. 

Boone,  Captain,  580. 

Boone,  Daniel,  179,  927. 

Boone,  'Squire,  580,  750. 

Boone's,  580,  581,  582. 

Boonesborough,  457,  465,  580. 

Boone's  Station,  750. 

Booth,  Ann,  997. 

Booth,  Isaac,  365  note,  585. 

Booth,  Mary,  997. 

Booth,  William,  963,  997. 

Booth,  William  Aylett,  997. 

Booton,  Travis,  843. 

Booton,  William,  843. 

Borden,  William  W,,  970,  972. 

Boreman, ,  712. 

Boss,  David,  1062. 


INDEX. 


II57 


Bosseron  (Buseron),  Francis  (Major, 
Captain),  I'.'i.'i,  lii'ii,  .S:i;i,  'r}'i4,  M.')(>,  ."ioL', 
544,  546,  072,  739,  740,  815,  108G, 
1047. 

Botetourt,  5Si;. 

Bonche,  ,Tohn,  10fi2. 

Bouiliuiit,  Elias,  614. 

Bound  Brook  Encampment,  993. 

Bowen,  Ebenezer,  S4o. 

Bowen,  ^Villiam,  10(U. 

Bower,  .Joseph,  1116. 

Bowling  Green,  il45. 

Bowman,  A.,  946. 

Bowman,  Aliram  (Abraham),  111,  862, 
VI79,  994,  1002. 

Bowman,  Abraham,  Jr.,  982. 

Bowman,  Captain,  5S2. 

Bowman,  Catharine,  9X2. 

Bowman,  Christian,  1062. 

Bowman,  Eleanor  B.,  12. 

Bowman,  Eliza,  982. 

Bowman,  Elizabeth,  142,  143. 

Bowman,  George,  111,  112,  116,  118, 
121,  979. 

Bowman,  Ceory;e,  Jr.,  982. 

Bowman,  Isaac',  12,  111,  115,  121,  244, 
369,  374,  r,r,S,  666,  (i72,  840,  862,  979, 
1034. 

Bowman,  Isaac,  Jr.,  982,  984. 

Bowman,  Isaac  S.,  12. 

Bowman,  J.,  946. 

Bowman,  John,  a  Kentucky  pioneer, 
65;  tirst  county  lieutenant  of  Ken- 
tucky, 111;  brother  of  Joseph  Bow- 
man, 124;  requested  to  send  men  to 
G.  R.  Clark,  129,  448;  consultation 
with  Clark,  137;  expedition  of  against 
Ohio  Indians,  369,  553;  arrival  in 
Kentucky  with  troops,  466,  471  ; 
promise  of  assistance  to  Clark,  552  ; 
mention  of,  580,  5X1 . 

Bowman,  John,  Jr.,  982. 

Bowman,  John  B.,  12,  985. 

Bowman,  Joseph,  a  Kentucky  pioneer, 
65  ;  at  Harrodsburg  in  1774,  83,  581 ; 
directed  to  raise  company  for  Illi- 
nois expedition,  106,  4(i9;  biograph- 
ical sketch,  108;  certificate  of  death, 
109  ;  nephew  of  John  Hite,  115,  563  ; 
excellent  officer,  124,557;  desertions 
from  command,  127;  knowledge  of 
Clark's  jdan,  139,  471  ;  commanded 
a  company  in  Illinois  expedition, 
163;  capture  of  Kaskaskia,  171,  559, 
564;  capture  of  Cahokia,  192,  418, 
482,  559,  565;  in  command  at  C'aho- 
kia,  202,  420,  489,  560;  treated  with 
Indians,  205,  209,  422  ;  expedition  to 
Rock  river  and  neighboring  towns, 


209,  559,  564;  ordered  to  Kaskaskia, 
212;  elected  a  judge,  484;  reliance 
of  Clark  upon,  213;  arrival  at  Kas- 
kaskia with  re-enforcenients,214, 277, 
396,  435,  51(i;  was  in  C'lark's  \\n- 
cennes  expedition,  262;  account  of 
march,  292,  296,  302,  568;  ordered 
to  shoot  deserters,  305 ;  position  in 
attack  on  fort,  323,  572;  account  of 
attack,  3^4,  572;  present  at  meeting 
of  t^lark  and  Hamilton  before  fort 
340,  539;  capture  of  Indians,  343 
injured  by  explosion  of  powder,  349 
575  ;  commissioned  a  major,  350,  57(i 
brother  of  Col.  John  Bowman,  369 
movement  with  troops,  370,  553;  or- 
dere<l  to  recruit,  373,  3,so,  553  ;  ilealh 
of,  374  ;  funeral  expenses,  375  ;  bur- 
ied at  Vincennes,  376  ;  commanded 
second  division  in  attack  on  Fort 
Sackville,  38(i ;  account  of  campaign 
against  Cahokia,  402;  letter  of  thanks 
for  comuiission,  403;  letter  of  to 
( ieorge  Brinker,  558  ;  letter  of  to  ( 'ol. 
John  Hite,  563;  journal  of,  567; 
land  allotted  to  heirs  of  in  Clark's 
<Trant,  839;  pay-roll  of  company, 
l(i:!4. 

Bowman,  Joseph,  Jr.,  982. 

Bowman,  Mary,  982. 

Bowman,  ^Nlarv  D.,  12,  985. 

Bowman,  Marv  Hite,  111,  116. 

r.owman,  Philip,  982,  9.S4. 

Bowman,  Rebecca,  982. 

Bowman,  Robert,  982. 

Bowman,  Susan,  9S2. 

Bowman,  Washington,  982. 

Bowman's  Mill,  121. 

Bovles,  John,  843. 

Bradies, ,  499. 

Brady,  T.,  1049. 

Brady,  Thomas,  1043,  1046. 

Brand,  John,  841. 

Brant,  Indian  chief,  724. 

Brashear,  Marsham,  1055. 

Brashear,  Nicholas,  144. 

Brashear  (Brashears,  Breashear), 
Richard,  123,  262,  367,  373,  549,  577, 
840,935,  1118,  1119. 

Brazer,  Peter,  1062. 

Brebane,  John,  1058. 

Brebin,  John,  608. 

Brebonne,  John,  586,  60S. 

Breckenridge,  .Alexander,  857,  858, 
1080. 

Breckenridge,  Henry  Brown,  858. 

Breckenridge,  James,  858. 

Breckenridge,  James  I».,  891,  1130. 

Breckenridge,  ;\[aria,  1130. 


II58 


INDEX. 


Breckenridgp,  Rohert,  857,  858,   1080. 

Breokenridge,  E.  O.,  1130. 

Breeden,  John,  1060. 

Bieeden,  Richard,  1062. 

Brehni,  Ca|ita]n,  236. 

Brciiiner,  see  Brymner. 

Brenton,  Adam,  383. 

Brenton,  Thomas,  1062. 

Bri'ssie,  Richard,  1062. 

Briand,  Bishop,  184  note,  187. 

Brinker,  George,  letter  of  Joseph  Bow- 
man to,  55S, 

Briscoe,  John,  Jr.,  1050. 

Broous,  Miss,  935. 

Broadhead,  Col.  David,  705,  707,  709, 
712,  713,  714,  715,  717. 

Brodhead,  Daniel,  1117,  1118,  1119. 

Brooke,  (Tcorge,  1048. 

Brossard,  Pierre,  1060. 

Brouliette,  Michel,  1036. 

Brown,  Asher,  1062. 

Brown,  Calvin,  1062. 

Brown,  Collin,  1060. 

Brown,  Doran,  580. 

Brown,  James,  841. 

Brown,  John,  1062. 

Brown,  Jos.,  1048. 

Brown,  Lewis,  1062. 

Brown,  Low,  1062. 

Brown,  Samuel,  1029. 

Brown,  Sevellon  A.,  771. 

Brownsville,  106,  469,  941. 

Brush,  Drewrj',  10()2. 

Brush,  John,  1062. 

Brush,  Thomas,  1002. 

Bruti?,  Bishop,  270. 

Bryan,  Daniel,  581. 

Bryant,  James,  843,  1117. 

Bryant,  Robert,  585,  608. 

Bryant's  Station,  758. 

Brymner,  Douglas,  232,  384,  391,  392, 
660. 

Bubbriss,  298. 

Buchanan,  \V.,  946. 

Buckley,  William,  842. 

Buckner,  Slary,  961. 

ISuckner,  Samuel,  961. 

Buckongehelas,  791. 

Buffalo  island,  726. 

Bulcher,  Gasper,  1062. 

Bulger,  E.,  946. 

Bulger,  Edward,  843,  944,  1034. 

Bullett,  Alexander  S.,1117,  1118,  1119. 

Bullock,  Marv,  1123. 

Bullock,  William  F.,  1123. 

Bunker  Hill,  315. 

Burbridge,  John,  1062. 

Burbridge,  William,  1062. 


Burgoyne,  General,  216. 

Burk,  George,  10(>2. 

Burk,  Nicholas,  843, 1117. 

Burne,  Pierre,  1060. 

Burnett,  Jacob,  Early  Settlement    of 

Northwest  Territory,  909. 
Burney,  Simon,  1062. 
Burnham,  W.  S.,  160. 
Burnlejr,  Simon,  1062. 
Burnt  Cabin  Tract,  983. 
Burris,  John,  1062. 
Bush,  Drewry,  1062. 
Bush,  John,  1062. 
Bush,  William,  843,  1117. 
Buskey,  Francis,  1062. 
Butcher,  Gasper,  1062. 
Butler,  John,  1062. 
Butler,  INIann,  456. 
Butler,   Mann,  History  of  Kentucky, 

128,  139,  140,  153,  171,  567,  800,  806. 
Butler,  Richard,  394,  790,  791,  792. 
Butler,  William  0.,  949. 
Butts,  William,  1062. 
Byrd,  British  officer,  680,  683. 
Byrd,  Colonel,  644. 
Byrd,  Mary,  35. 
Byrd,  Mrs.,  642. 

Caapteenin  creek,  61. 

Cabbage,  Joseph,  1062. 

Cabbassie,  B.,  1062. 

Cabin  creek,  80. 

Oaderon,  Charles,  1043. 

Oaffee,  Samuel,  58(i. 

Cahokia  (Cauhow,  Cohos,  Kahokia), 
British  post,  82;  plan  of  Chirk  for 
expedition  against,  82,  ,S7,  467  ;  plan 
laidbefore  Governor  Henry,  cSS,  468 ; 
plan  ai>proyed  and  appropriation 
made,  92,  468  ;  departure  of  expedi- 
tion, 158  ;  Clark's  purpose  regarding, 
182;  transfer  of  church  property, 
184  note;  residence  of  jiriests  at, 
185;  petition  of  Father  Gibault  for 
land  at,  188;  capture  by  Clark,  192, 
418,  482,  559,  565  ;  an  important  post, 
197;  withdrawal  of  French  families, 
199;  garrison  established  by  Clark, 
202,  420,  489 ;  Indians  treatied  with 
at,  205,  422,  492  ;  Clark's  stay  at,  209, 
426;  British  spy,  210,  429;  intention 
to  vacate  if  besieged,  211,  430;  dis- 
tance from  Kaskaskia,  214;  news  of 
capture,  224;  British  did  not  attack, 
240;  sent  re-enforcements  to  Clark, 
277, 568  ;  conflict  of  civil  and  military 
authorities,  278  ;  point  to  be  guarded, 
372;  military  detachment  for,  373; 


INDEX. 


II 


59 


movement  ;ii;ainst  iniiuguraliMl,  (577  ; 
attaek  on,  ()7il,  (iSO;  La  Balme  raised 
men  at,  (i!i4,  (i!!.");  fort  necessary  at, 
700;  garrison  iieressary,  701. 

Cahokia  (^Koliokiasi  river,  499. 

Cahokia  ilission,  184. 

(.'alUuvav,  Rieliard,  580. 

Oalve,  -^ ,  (170. 

Oalvin,  Daniel,  10G2. 

Calvit,  Lientenant  Joseph,  374,  840. 

Cameron,  Angns,  84,'!. 

Cameron,  James,  1061. 

Camp,  Renben,  843,  1118. 

Campbell, ,  (18. 

Campbell,  Captain,  582. 

Campbell,  Colonel,  164,  474,  582. 

Campbell,  Arthur,  77,  4(13. 

Campbell,  Cieorgc,  10(10. 

Campbell,  John,  555,  843,  85(i,  861, 
1075. 

Campbell,  William,  722. 

Campir,  Moses,  843. 

Camper,  Tilman,  843. 

Campo,  Lewis,  10G2. 

Campo,  iiichael,  10(12. 

Canadian  archives,  217,  218,  220,232, 
23(1,  237,  3S4,  409,  1036. 

Captina  creek,  61. 

Carbine,  Henry,  1060. 

Cardinal,  J.  Bapliste,  1036. 

Carihnal,  Nicholas,  335. 

Carleton,  Gay,  governor  of  Canada; 
letter  of  Lord  Germain  to  concern- 
ing; employment  of  Indian  allies, 
217;  deprived  of  management  of 
"war  on  frontier,  2bs ;  succeeded  as 
governor  by  (ieneral  Ilaldimand, 
220 ;  letter  of  Lieutenant-Governor 
Abbott  to,  223  ;  letter  of  Governor 
Hamilton  to,  224;  mention  of,  620, 
625. 

Carnahan's  block-houae,  722. 

Carney,  Martin,  840. 

Carpenter,  Joel,  894. 

CorroU,  Bishop,  188. 

Cartville,  Nathan,  1035. 

Casey,  Peter,  961. 

Cash  river,  166. 

Catfish  island,  726. 

Catfish's  road,  62. 

Cat  plains,  292. 

Catlett,  Peter,  828. 

Cauthorn,  Henry  S.,  13,  267,  269,  271, 
288,  312,  321,  322,  323,  377,  870. 

Cedar  creek,  111,979. 

Celeron,  de,  British  Indian  agent,  204, 

219,  225,  427. 
Centralia,  289. 
Cerre, ,  477,  478,  481,  484. 


Chalicit,  ■ 


365  note,  585. 


C'hanibers,  Ellick,  10(12. 

Cliapline,  Abraham  (.Vbram\  262,  3(17, 

550,  555,  577,  840,  958,  10(18. 
Chapman,  Edward,  1062. 
iniapman,  John,  365  nolo,  585,  1066. 
('luipman,   Richard,  1062. 
Chapman,  William,  843. 
C'harlea  City  court-house,  702. 
Charleston,  Ind.,  179. 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  992,  994,  1003,  1008. 
Charlestown,  (19.!,  93(1,  1122. 
Cluirlestown  Landing,  1122. 
Charleville,   Charles,  238,  1040,   1049, 

1053,  1054. 
Charleville  (Charlovielle,Charlaville), 

Francis  (Frans.),  2(12,  283,  323,  437, 

568,  1040,  1042,  1054. 
Charlottesville,  53,  54,  683. 
Chenowith,  Eli,  148. 
Chenowith,  Hannah,  151  note. 
Chenowith,  James,  148,  151  note. 
Chenowith,  Jane,  151  note. 
Chenowith,  Millie  (-Mildred),  14S,  149, 

151  note. 
Chenowith,  Naomi,  149. 
Chenowith,    Richard,    145,    146,    147, 

151  note,  843. 
Chenowith,  Rose,  148. 
Chenowith,  Tliouias,  148,  151  note. 
Chenowith's  Fort,  147. 
Cherokee  Indians,  64,  70,  222,  395,  400, 

457,  461,  464,  674,  957. 
Cherokee  river,  211. 
Cherrv,  Captain,  712. 
Cherry,  William,  1066. 
(.'hesawey  Indians,  400. 
Chesterfield,  612,  615,  619,   651,   652, 

653. 
Chicago,  144  note,  678,  (179. 
Chick,  WiUiam,  10(12. 
t:iiickasaw  Indians,  395,  400,  511,  673. 
ChiUicothe,  681,682,  759,  1006,  1033. 
Chinn,  :Marv,  9S2. 
Chippewa  Indians,  205,  246,  422,  446, 

510,  791. 
Choctaw  Indians,  222,  674. 
Choheren,  Dennis,  843. 
Chouteau,  A.,  1053. 
Chrisman,  Llenry,  1034. 
Chrisman,  Jacob,  111,  116. 
Chrisman's  Spring,  111. 
Christian,  Colonel,  138,  797. 
Christy,  Wm.,  894. 
Cincinnati,  170,  757,  1012. 
Cist,  Charles,  Cincinnati  Miscellany, 

60. 
Clairmont,  INIichael,  1062. 
Clark,  see  also  Clerk,  see  note  p.  36. 


1 1  bo 


IXDEX. 


Clark,  Adams,  lOCO. 

Clark,  Amelia,  11.'!:!. 

Clark,  Andrew,  S4:;,  1117. 

Clark,    Ann,    daughter    of    Jonathan 
Clark.  31,  3.3. 

Clark,  Ann,  daughter  of  John  Clark, 
36,  <I<I7,  114R. 

Clark,  Ann,  mother  of  (reorse  Rogers 
Clark,  34,  3."),  43,44,  4."),  4(i,  52,083. 

Clark,  Benjamin,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  Sti, 
note,  37. 

Clark,  Benjamin  "Wilson,  830. 

Clark,  Cornelia,  1133. 

Clark,  Edmund,  37,  38,  43,  44,  45,  47, 
868,  note,  8ilH,  900,  1001. 

Clark,  Eleanor,  1123. 

Clark,  Elizaheth,  wife  of  Jonathan 
Clark,  31,  32,  33. 

Clark,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Jona- 
than Clark,  31,  33. 

Clark,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John 
Clark,  37,  831,  1006,  1008,  1150. 

Clark,  Evard,  8()6. 

Clark,  Everard,  s:;0,  831. 

Clark,  Frances  Eleanor,  11,  37,  44,  962, 
10U9,  1151, 1124. 

Clark,  Francis  T.,  903. 

Clark,  George,  843,  954,  1123. 

Clark,  George  Rogers,  most  impor- 
tant figure  in  history  of  N.  W.  Ter- 
ritory, 29;  ancestry,  29;  named  for 
an  uncle,  35;  birth,  36;  received 
military  bounty  land,  38;  letter  to 
his  father,  40;  burial  place,  44;  be- 
cjuest  to,  47 ;  an  executor  of  his 
father's  will,  40;  birthplace,  53;  so- 
cial position  of  family,  54 ;  friend- 
ship with  Thomas  Jefferson,  65; 
early  education,  56  ;  letter  of  Jeffer- 
son to,  57 ;  trip  west  as  surveyor, 
59;  diary  of  trip,  60;  life  in  the 
west,  <i3 ;  journey  down  the  Ohio, 
63  ;  participated  in  Indian  troubles  in 
1774  and  in  Dunrnore's  AVar,  64 ;  vis- 
ited Kentucky,  65,  458 ;  engaged  as 
surveyor,  66;  engrossed  land,  67; 
revisited  Virginia,  68,  458;  returnecl 
to  Kentucky,  69,  458;  developed 
military  and  political  sagacity,  69; 
arranged  meeting  of  settlers  of  Ken- 
tucky country,  70,  458;  purpose  of 
meeting,  71,  458;  chosen  member  of 
Virginia  legislature  and  departure 
for  Virginia,  71,  458;  hardships  en- 
countered, 72,  459 ;  conferences  with 
Gov.  Patrick  Henry  and  executive 
council,  73,  461;  obtained  powder 
for  Kentucky  settlements  and  rec- 
ognition of  Kentucky  as  part  of  Vir- 


ginia, 75,  463;  present  at  meeting  of 
Virginia  legislature,  76,  463 ;  organi- 
zation of  Kentuck}'  as  a  Cdunty  of 
Va.,  77,  463;  returned  to  Kentucky 
with  ]iowder,  78,  463,  684;  planned 
campaign  against  British  po.sts,  82, 
467  ;  sent  spies  to  them,  84,  467  ;  ad- 
venture in  Kentucky,  85;  regard  of 
settlers  for,  86 ;  revisited  Virginia, 
87,  46S;  laid  plan  of  campaign  be- 
fore Gov.  Henry,  88,  468;  confer- 
ences regarding  plan,  91;  plan  ap- 
proved by  executive  council  and  ap- 
]iropriation  made,  92,  468;  public 
instructions  regarding  campaign, 
94;  private  instructions,  96;  assur- 
ance that  grants  of  land  would  be 
made  those  engaging  in  campaign, 
99 ;  letter  of  Jefferson,  Wythe  and 
Jlason  to,  102;  gratification  at  ap- 
proval of  plans,  105 ;  return  to  the 
west  with  full  authority,  106,  4()9; 
troops  of  expedition  not  on  conti- 
nental establishment,  125 ;  interfer- 
ence with  recruiting  plans,  127; 
journey  down  Ohio,  128,  470;  ar- 
rival at  falls,  129,  131;  reasons  for 
choosing  Corn  island  as  camping 
ground,  131,  471;  cabins,  etc.,  built, 
136;  destination  of  expedition  dis- 
closed and  desertions  from  com- 
mand, 139,  472;  small  guard  and 
few  families  left  at  Corn  island,  141 ; 
size  of  command,  152,  153,  473;  dis- 
couraging prospects,  154;  prepara- 
tions for  departure,  157 ;  start  Vjy 
boat,  158,  473;  eclipse  of  sun,  159; 
change  of  plan,  163  ;  chance  recruits, 
164,  474;  Clark's  personal  appear- 
ance, 165 ;  boats  left  behind,  167, 
475;  bewildered  guide,  167,  475; 
capture  of  Kaskaskia,  168,  476 ; 
brilliant  feat,  170  ;  treatment  of  Gov. 
Kocliblave  and  wife,  171,  243,  477, 
489 ;  details  of  capture,  176 ;  man 
sent  to  reconnoiter  Vincennes,  177  ; 
policy  toward  inhabitants  of  Kas- 
kaskia, 181, 190,  478  ;  assistance  from 
Father  Gibault,  183,  191 ;  capture  of 
Cahokia  and  other  towns,  192,  482  ; 
courts  established,  484;  importance 
of  Cahokia,  197  ;  neighboring  towns, 
198  ;  plan  for  capture  of  Vincennes, 
200,  483  ;  Father  Gibault  sent  there, 
200,  487 ;  inhabitants  of  take  oatli 
of  allegiance  tor.  S.,  201,  488;  doubt 
as  to  course  to  pursue,  202 ;  Capt. 
Helm  appointed  commandant  at 
Vincennes,  203,  490;  capture  of  fort 


INDEX. 


I  i6i 


iieiir  AVoa  towns,  204,  510;  ]icace 
made  with  Indiau  trilirw,  I'lr),  490; 
troachi'iy  of  Indians,  205,  4!),S  ;  (•(lun- 
cils  witli  Imlians,  200,  502;  return 
to  Kaskaskia,  200;  s|iies  sent  out, 
210,  513;  uncertainty  as  to  plans  of 
liritish,  210,  5i;i ;  departure  for  Cii- 
hokia,  211,  5l:i>;  dangerous  advent- 
ure, 211,  513,  51(1;  false  report  of 
approach  of  British,  212,  513;  re- 
turn to  Kaskaskia  and  prepara- 
tion for  defense,  213,  513;  re-en- 
forced by  V:\]>t.  r>o\vnian,  214,  51(); 
news  of  capture  of  Vincennes  liy 
British,  214,  514,  510;  Indian  raid's 
instii;ated  by  British,  215;  Clark 
would  not  employ  Indian  allies,  223, 
326,  532;  British  preiiare  for  a 
campaitrn  against,  225;  expedition 
marches,  220,  progress  of  expedition, 
227;  four  of  Helm's  men  captured, 
220;  ignorance  of  British  move- 
ments, 230;  letter  of  Helm  to,  233; 
surrender  of  Fort  Sackville  to  Brit- 
ish, 234,  5(iS;  use  of  liquor  by  both 
Americans  and  British,  230;  li(|uor 
expenditures  in  Illinois  campaign, 
237 ;  later  intemperance  of,  238 ; 
British  repairs  to  Fort  Sackville, 
230,320;  no  further  movement  by 
British,  230;  long  ignorant  of  cap- 
ture of  Vincennes,  240;  receipt  in 
Virginia  of  news  of  cai)ture  of  Vin- 
cennes, 245;  letter  of  (lov.  Henry 
to  delegates  in  congress,  245 ;  reso- 
lution of  thanks  passed  by  Virginia 
legislature,  248;  Illinois  country 
made  a  county  of  Virginia,  officers 
appointed  and  the  raising  of  further 
troops  provided  for,  248;  instruc- 
tions of  <lov.  Henrvto  C'onntv  Lieu- 
tenant Todd,  240;"  letters  of  (tov. 
Henry  to  (.'lark,  253,  258;  letter  of 
Clark  to  (4ov.  Henry  announcing  in- 
tention of  attacking  Vincennes,  260 ; 
difficulties  of  Clark's  situation,  2(>5, 
518  ;  his  indomitable  resolution,  266 ; 
aided  by  Francis  Vigo,  267,271,  275, 
518 ;  purjaose  of  Vigo's  visit  to  Vin- 
cennes, 276  ;  his  capture,  276  ;  in- 
formation of  condition  of  British 
garrison  at  Vincennes  given  Clark, 
277,  518,  568 ;  re-enforcements  gath- 
ered, 277,  520,  568;  boat  built  to 
carry  supplies  and  artillery,  280,  520, 
568;  sword  sent  to  Clark  by  Vir- 
ginia legislature,  283,  404;  size  of 
his  command,  284,  568  ;  sets  out  for 
Vincennes,  287,  520,  568 ;  route  and 


distance,  288;  Bowman's  journal  of 
march,  202,  507;  Clark's  account  of 
march,  293,  520 ;  exposure  tells  ujxjn 
the  men,  299,  570;  expedients  used 
to  encourage  them,  209,  521;  "wet 
C(3nditioii  of  country  in  early  days, 
301;  expedition  sights  Vincennes, 
302,  527,671 ;  Clark's  account  of  last 
march,  303,  525;  halt  urged,  304, 
525;  Major  Bowman  ordered  to 
shoot  deserters,  305,  526;  dry  land 
reached,  306,  527;  provisions  cap- 
tured from  Indians,  307,  527;  situa- 
tion critical,  308,  528;  letter  sent  to 
inhabitants  of  A'incennes,  309,  528, 
572 ;  advance  of  expedition  upon 
town,  811,  529;  topograidiy  of  local- 
ity, 312,  315;  Lieut.  Bayley  ordcrc.l 
to  advance  and  fire  on  fort,  316,  318, 
324,  531,  572;  history  and  descrip- 
tion of  Fort  Sackville,  318  ;  diagram 
of  surroundings,  323;  the  attack, 
324,  531,  572;  inhabitants  of  A"in- 
cennes  supply  Clark  with  ammuni- 
tion, 32(),  532  ;  progress  of  siege,  327, 
532;  Lamothe  permitteil  to  enter 
fort,  330,  535;  Hamilton's  account 
of  attack,  333 ;  letter  of  Clark  to 
Hamilton  demanding  his  surrender, 
335,  536,  573;  refusal  of  Hamilton 
and  renewal  of  attack,  336,  536,  573  ; 
letter  of  Hamilton  to  Clark  propos- 
ing truce  for  three  days,  337,  537, 
573;  Clark's  reply,  338,  537,  574; 
Hamilton's  account  of  renewal  of 
attack,  338;  meeting  of  Clark  and 
Hamilton  at  St.  Xavier  Cluin-h,  339, 

537,  574;  their  conference,  340,  397, 

538,  574;  alarm  of  I\Iajor  Hay,  342, 
539;  Indians  killed  before  gate  of 
fort,  342,  346,  574;  treatment  of 
Francis  IMaisonville,  345;  capitula- 
tion of  Hamilton,  347,  539,  574;  pos- 
session of  fort  not  taken  at  once, 
348,  539;  evacuation  of  fort,  349, 
541,  575  ;  arrival  of  The  AViUing,  349, 
544,  575  ;  Clark  commissioned  colo- 
nel, 350;  dates  of  events  in  siege, 
353 ;  expedition  sent  up  Wabash 
river,  353,  544,  575 ;  capture  of  Brit- 
ish stores,  354,  546,  576;  excitement 
in  Vincennes,  357  ;  impulse  to  ujarch 
on  Detroit,  358,  361,  542;  campaign 
against  proposed,  362,  543  ;  expedi- 
tion deferred,  362;  Hamilton  and 
other  prisoners  sent  to  Virginia  and 
others  released,  364,  546,  577 ;  oath 
of  neutrality  taken  by  prisoners,  305, 
576;  officers  chosen  for  Vincennes 


Il62 


INDEX. 


and  the  fort  8(i7,  549,  577  ;  departure 
for  Kaskaskia,  3(i5 ;  war  made  on 
Delaware  Indians,  3(iS,  550;  ilis- 
couraging  outlook  for  Detroit  expe- 
dition, 3(39;  plan  abandoned,  370; 
general  orders  issued,  37li ;  disposi- 
tinn  of  trooi'S,  3so,  553;  official  re- 
jiiirt  sent  to  governor  of  Virginia, 
3H1  ;  messenger  captured,  3S2  ;  letter 
repl\ingto  resolution  of  thanks  of 
Virginia  legislature,  384  ;  ]iart  of  let- 
ter calle. I  "(1.  R.  Clark's  .Journal," 
3S5 ;  Clark  pa])ei'S  in  Canadian  ar- 
cliives  not  originals,  392;  second 
report  sent  governor  of  Virginia, 
394;  resolution  of  Virginia  house  of 
delegates  praising  Clark,  404;  letter 
of  to  George  iMason  describing  Illi- 
nois campaign,  411;  Clark's  memoir 
of  the  Illinois  campaign,  457  ;  opin- 
ion of  as  to  value  of  Kentucky  to 
the  U.  S.,  406;  stay  at  Louisville, 
554,  663;  treatment  of  prisoners  tak- 
en at  Vincennes,  606,  609  ;  discussion 
of  treatment  of  Hamilton,  (d 4  ;  ef- 
forts for  his  exchange,  64'_' ;  paroled, 
(>52;  exchanged  and  sailed  for  Eng- 
land, 65.S;  Clark,  founder  of  Louis- 
ville, 664;  plan  for  city,  665;  plan 
for  fort  at  mouth  of  Ohio,  6(i7;  letter 
to  Col.  John  Todd,  outlining  plan, 
6(i,S;  approved  l)y  Todd,  671;  de- 
parture for  mouth  of  Ohio,  673; 
built  Fort  Jefferson,  673;  attacked 
by  Indians,  674;  return  to  Ken- 
tucky, 676;  enrolled  troops  for  ex- 
pedition, 677;  danger  in  the  west, 
677;  liritish  attacks,  679  ;  march  be- 
gun, 6,S1 ;  capture  of  Piqua,  682,  684 
troubles  in  Illinois  country,  687 
need  of  Clark  at  Fort  Jefferson,  689 
letter  of  Captain  Williams  to,  690 
distress  at  Fort  Jefferson,  691,  (i94 
expedition  of  La  Balme,694;  defeat 
of,  695 ;  campaign  against  Detroit 
reconsiilereil,  697,  702;  proceedings 
of  council  of  war,  698;  trip  of  Clark 
to  Virginia,  702  ;  skirmish  with  Brit- 
ish there,  703;  Gov.  Jefferson's  ap- 
proval of  plan  for  Detroit  expedi- 
tion, 703  ;  Clark  commissioned  brig- 
adier-general, 704;  reasons  for  not 
conferring  a  continental  commis- 
sion, 706;  supplies  promised,  707  ; 
difficulties  met  with;  710,  718,  731; 
departure,  718,  723  ;  Lochry 's  defeat, 
722;  Amlerson's  journal,  725;  ig- 
norant of  Lochry's  defeat,  729; 
death-blow    to    Detroit     campaign. 


730;  Clark's  conduct  needs  no  de- 
fense, 731 ;  arrival  at  falls  of  Ohio, 
735;  troubles  in  Illinois  and  Ken- 
tucky, 735;  dissatisfaction  at  Vin- 
cennes, 737  ;  trouble  with  Vincennes 
land  claims,  740;  mistreatment  of 
inhabitants  of  Illinois  and  Ken- 
tucky country,  745;  needs  of  Vin- 
cennes garrison,  747;  troubles  in 
Kentucky,  748 ;  endeavors  to  im- 
prove matters,  753;  Fnrt  Nelson 
built,  7.54;  urged  value  of  armed 
boats  on  Ohio,  75(i;  river  i>atrolled, 
757  ;  successful  campaign  against  In- 
dians, 758;  last  of  great  Indian  ex- 
peditions, 761;  peace  with  (ireat 
Britain,  762;  value  of  Clark's  con- 
quests, 762;  organization  of  N.  W. 
Territory,  768;  territory  N.  W.  of 
Ohio  ceded  to  U.  S.,  779;  western 
troops  neglected  by  A'irginia,  780; 
Clark  not  a  member  of  Continental 
Army,  782;  relieved  of  command, 
783  ;  destitution  of ,  784,790;  letter  of 
to  governor  nf  A'a.,  784  ;  pension  al- 
lowed and  claim  against  govern- 
ment paid  after  his  death,  785 ;  let- 
ter to  Vigo,  785;  disappointments, 
787  ;  letter  to  Gen.  Jonathan  Clark, 
788 ;  negotiated  treaty  witii  Indians, 
791  ;  chosen  to  lead  expedition 
against  Indians,  796,  800,  801  ;  de- 
parture of  expedition,  802;  deser- 
tions and  abandonment  of  jilan,  803  ; 
garrison  established  at  Vincennes, 
805 ;  goods  of  merchant  impressed 
and  trouble  resulting,  807  ;  criticisms 
of  Clark,  809,  8i0  ;  acts  of,  disavowed 
by  Virginia  legislature,  811 ;  court 
of  in(iuiry  demanded  by  t'lark,  812; 
report  of  investigating  committee, 
814;  arranged  truce  with  Indians, 
816;  trials  of  adversity,  817;  acce|"it- 
ance  of  a  French  military  commis- 
sion, 818;  proposal  for  volunteers, 
819;  government  condemned  pro- 
posed expedition,  821;  expedition 
abandoned,  822;  land  allotted  to  in 
Clark's  Grant,  839;  board  of  Clark's 
Grant  commissioners,  8.55;  chose  lo- 
cation for  Clarksville,  861;  built 
mill,  862;  Clarksville  a  failure,  865; 
cottage,  866;  loneliness,  868  ;  paral- 
yzed, 869  ;  leg  amputated,  869  ;  ques- 
tion of  swords,  871  ;  facts  and  tradi- 
tions about  swords,  874 ;  bill  of  re- 
lief, 878;  letter  of  governor  of  Va.. 
880;  answer  of  jMaj.  Croghan,  882; 
presentation  of  sword,  883;    death. 


INDEX. 


I  1 63 


!SS7  ;  i'ontem])(irary  Iribiites,  SSS  ;  hist 
infirmities,  892;  \vill,>S!)3;  validity, 
8!l."i ;  burial,  897 ;  idf  ntification  of 
grave,  Sil8;  reinterment,  SIIS;  grave, 
900;  statue  at  Imlianaiiolis,  004; 
luonumeuts  proposed,  OOS  ;  various 
estimates  of  t'larlt,  900;  sketelies 
of  men  wlio  serveil  under,  Ol'.'i ;  inei- 
dents  (-(innected  with  Clark's  <irant, 
000;  brothers  and  sisters  of  Clark, 
001 ;  origin  of  statue  of  Clark  at  In- 
dianapolis, 1023;  letter  of  Clark  to 
Dr.  Samuel  Brown,  1020;  paj'-roU  of 
I'lowman's  company,  lo.'i-I ;  return  of 
militia  of  Post  Vincennes,  lO.'lO;  act 
organizing  county  of  Illinois,  1037; 
Clark's  account  against  state  of  \'ir- 
ginia,  1!I40;  Hamilton's  disburse- 
ments, 10.37  ;  right  to  imjiress  during 
campaign  of  1780,  lO-'iO;  list  of  officers 
and  privates  who  served  under  Clark 
but  who  were  notallotted  land,  1000; 
allotment  of  land  in  Clark's  ( Irant, 
1008;  land  claimants  who  sold  their 
rights,  1117;  su])reuie  cnurt  decision 
concerning  Clarksville  and  Clark's 
<Trant,  1120;  location  of  towns  in 
Clark's  Grant,  1122;  legal  pro- 
ceeciings  establishing  invalidity  of 
Clark's  will,  1123;  descendants  of 
Clark's  brothers  and  sisters,  1142. 

Clark,  George  \V.,  903. 

Clark,  Isaac,  900,  903,  1123. 

Clark,  Jefferson  K.,  11,  12,  1019. 

Clark,  John,  earliest  known  ancestor 
of  George  Rogers  Clark,  30. 

Clark,  John,  brother  of  Jonathan 
Clark.  30,  31. 

Clark,  John,  father  of  George  Rogers 
Clark,  31 ;  bequests  to,  32,  33  ;  tiirth 
and  marriage,  34;  jilaces  of  resi- 
dence, 35,  36,  37  ;  deeds  for  land,  36, 
note ;  removal  to  Kentucky,  43 ; 
death,  43;  grave,  44,  4.3,  46,  800; 
will,  46;  codicil,  50;  probate,  51  ;  no 
descendants  in  Albemarle  county, 
Virginia,  55. 

Clark,,  John,  brother  of  George  Rogers 
Clark,  date  of  birth,  36;  military 
service,  38;  death,  43;  mention  of, 
47;  unmarried,  868,  note;  sketch, 
998 ;  served  under  George  Rogers 
Clark,  1062. 

Clark,  John  H.,  994 

Clark,  John  liite,  900,  903. 

Clark,  Jonathan,  grandfather  of  Geo. 
Rogers,  30,  31,  36,  note. 

Clark,  Jonathan,  brother  of  George 
Rogers,  military  service,  38;  moved 

74 


to  Kentucky,  43;  place  of  burial,  44, 
900;  be(iuest  to  46  ;  mention  of,  47, 
48;  an  executoi-  of  liis  father's  will, 
40;  mention  of,  05,  67,  68,  (;0,  note, 
83, 112,  note  ;  letter  of  ( Icorgc  Roj;ers 
C'lark  to,  788;  married,  80,s,  note; 
reinterment,  808  ;  trravi',  000;  sketch 
of,  991;  descendants,  I  142. 

Clark,  Jonathan,  son  of  Bt  njamin,  830. 

C'lark,  Lucy,  see  Lucy  Croatian. 

Clark,  Jtarston  Greene,  34,  50,  830, 
831,  832,  8(i6,  978. 

Clark,  Meriwether  Lewis,  11. 

Clark,  Michael  M.,084. 

Clark,  Richard,  37,  38,  37.3,  689,  840, 
868,  note,  1000,  1117. 

Clark,  "William,  brother  of  George 
Rogers,  date  of  birth,  37;  military 
service,  38;  becjuests  to,  46,  48,  40, 
51 ;  an  executor  of  his  father's  will, 
40;  mention  of,  50;  fac-simile  of  re- 
ceipt tor  land  certificate,  138;  ex- 
plorations of, 765  ;  mai'ried,  8(18.  note  ; 
bequests  to,  893,  804,  895  ;  mention 
of,  091;  sketch  of,  1011  ;  mention  of, 
1123;  descendants  of,  11.50. 

Clark,  'William,  son  of  Benjamin,  34, 
38,  828,  829,  840,  857,  865,  1015, 1068. 

Clark,  William,  903. 

Clark,  'William  Hancock,  11,  871. 

Clark  river,  894. 

Clark's  Grant,  legislative  acts  provid- 
ing for,  826;  land  selected,  828; 
soldiers  entitled  to  land  in,  833 ; 
allotments,  839;  allotiiienis  small, 
855;  historical  incidents  connected 
with,  969;  decision  of  sujireme  court 
of  Indiana  concerning,1120;  location 
of  towns,  1122;  ]iroceedings  of  com- 
missioners of,  1068. 

Clark's  Point,  866. 

Clarksville,  366,  665,  831 ,  S;;2,  861 ,  970, 
072,  1015, 1074,  1079,  1082,  1085,  1120, 
1122. 

t'lerk,  Benjamin,  36  note. 

Clerk,  .John,  36  note. 

Clifton,  Baldwin,  1117. 

Clifton,  Thomas,  843,  10.34,  1117. 

Clinch  mountain,  582. 

Clinch  river,  461. 

Clinton,  Sir  Henry,  641,  658,  1058. 

Coburn,  James,  1118. 

Cochran,  Eilward,  1062. 

Cochran,  George,  1062. 

Codes,  Andrew,  1062. 

Cofer,  William,  843. 

Coffee,  Samuel,  1062. 

Coger  (Cogar),  Jacob,  844,  1034. 

Coger  (Cogar),  Peter,  844,  1034. 


1 1 64 


INDEX. 


C'i)hongoruton  river,  111. 
t'olidri,  see  C'abokia. 

C'ulbert, ,  674. 

Cole,  Christopher,  859,  1116. 

Collins,  John,  270. 

Collins,  Lew  is.  Historical  Sketches  of 

Kentarky,  66,  67,  7S.  SO,  81,  147,  l.il, 

694,  771 1,' 752,  755,  916,  946,  953,  959, 

960. 
Conipera,  Francis,  10()2. 
Coni|icrii,  Lewis.  1062. 
C(5nle\-,  Thomas',  1061. 
L'onn,  .lohn,  1062. 
Connelly,  Colonel,  716. 
Connelly,  Doctor,  10.31. 
(Jonnolly,  Thomas,  586. 
Conore,  Andrew,  843. 
Conroy,  Patrick,  1062. 
Consler,  Herman,  1048. 
Consnle,  Harman.  843. 
Continental   money,  depreciation   of, 

369,  400,  554,  68t,  710,  712,  736,  737, 

744,  748,  934. 
Contra w,  Francis,  1062. 
Convance,  Paul,  1062. 
Cooks,  582. 
Co()j)er,  Joseph,  1062. 
Cooi)er,  Ramsey,  1062. 
t!oontz,  Christopher,  1062. 
Cooprider,  Henry,  744. 
Copland,  (.Cornelius,  843. 
Corder,  James,  1002. 
Cordew,  .James,  1062. 
Corn,  Ebenezer,  579. 
Corn  island,  131, 133,  150, 151, 152,  153, 

157,  471,  (i63,  754. 
Cnrneilla,  Patrick,  1062. 
Cornia,  Pierre,  1047. 
Corns,  John,  1062. 
(V>rydon,  942. 
Cosi)y,  Eliza  Lydnor,  964. 
Cosb}',  Fortunatus,  9(i4. 
Coste,  J.  B.  De,  1062. 
Cot  Plains,  569. 
Cones,    E.,    History    of     Lewis    and 

Clark  Expedition',  982,  1012. 
Conlson,  Captain,  747. 
(Jonltersville,  28S,  289. 
('onpraiter,  Henry,  744. 
Cournoyer,  Pierre.  740. 
Cowan,  .\ndrew,  1062. 
Cowan,  .Tared,  959. 
Cowan,  John,  580,  843. 
Cowan,  IMason,  1062. 
Cowdry,  John,  1062. 
Ci>wc-n,  Dennis,  1062. 
(!owi;il!,  Daniel,  1062. 
Cnw<,'ill,  John,  1118. 
Cox,  E.  T.,  971,  972. 


Cox,  James,  1062. 

Cox,  Richai'd,  844. 

Cox,  Sandford  C,  987  note. 

Coxe,  Henry  S.,  1124. 

Cozer,  Jacob,  844. 

Cozer,  Peter,  844. 

Crab  Orchard,  953,956. 

Crais, ,  721 . 

Craitr,  John  J.,  809,  814. 

Crane,  John  St.,  10(i2. 

Cravens,  Robert,  942. 

C'rawley,  John,  1063. 

Craze,  Noah,  844. 

Creacraft,  Lieutenant,  723. 

Creacroft,  Major,  726. 

Crely's  Fcrrv,  288. 

Cresap,  Captain  :Michael,  62,  64,  1029. 

Crittenden,  John,  893,  1060. 

Crockett,  Anthony,  1060. 

Crockett,  Joseph,"  688,   711,   716,   721, 

731,  1066. 
Crockett,  Lieutenant,  374. 
Croghan,  Angelick,  1004,  note. 
Croghan,  Ann,  1004,  1125,  1132. 
Croghan,  Charies,  1004,  1125. 
Croghan,  Edmund,  1004. 
Croghan,  Eliza,  1004,  1125. 
Ci'Oghan,  (leorge,  1003. 
Croghan,  George,  Jr.,  1004, 1005, 1125. 
Croghan,  John,  894,  895,  1004,  1125. 
Croghan,  Lucy  Clark,  11,  37,  882,  887, 

899,  1002,  1124, 1149. 
Croghan,  Nicholas,  1004. 
Croghan,  Serina  E.,  1004,  note. 
Croghan,  Major  AA'iUiam,  48.  49,  731, 

829,  832,  856,  879,  882,  891,  893,  894, 

1003,  1080,  1118,  1119,  1124,  1149. 
Croghan,  Wilham,  Jr.,  1004,  1125. 
Crosley,  William,  844. 
Crump,  William,  841,  1117. 
Crutclier,  Henry,  1061. 
Cumberland,  580,  673. 
Cumberland  Ford,  582. 
Cumberiand  Cap,  72.  459,  959. 
Cumberland  river,  894,  959. 
Cure,  Jean  Bajitist,  1063. 
Curney,  John,  10(>6. 
Curry,  James,  844,  937. 
Curtis,  Rice,  844. 
Cuyahoga,  542. 


Dagenet, 


740. 


Dailey,  David  W.,  859,  1116, 

Dain,  John,  365  note. 

Daine,  Jean,  586 

Dalton,  Lieutenant,  373.  690. 

Dalton,  Valentine   Thomas,   810,   814 

840,  1118. 
Damewood,  Boston,  1048,  1063. 


INDEX. 


I165 


Daniel,  John  AV.,  915. 

Daniel,  Roln-rt,  147. 

Daniel,  Senatnr,  10. 

Daniel,  AValker,  Sfi."),  S59,  1068. 

Danville,  l.'il,  SDl,  810,  8."i(;,  1008. 

Dardv,  Baptiste,  lOill!. 

Davd'y,  John,  lOliS. 

Daring:,  Henry,  10(1(1. 

Darnell,  CurnVlius,  1063. 

Daunois,  I.  B.,  ^iSd. 

Davies,  Asael,  841. 

]\ivies.  C'cilonel,  757. 

Davies,  J.,  1110. 

Davies,  Walter,  1118,  1119. 

Davis,  James,  S40. 

Davis,  Joseph,  1063. 

Davis,  Robert,  844. 

Davis,  \V.,  1118. 

Davis,  William,  731. 

Dawson, ,  Life  of  William  Hen- 

rv  Harrison,  701. 

Dawson,  James,  844,  1118. 

Day,  AVilliam,  1063. 

Dean,  Charles,  1056. 

Dean,  James,  1063. 

Decker.  Jaroli,  1061. 

Decrand,  P.,  10(i3. 

De  Galvez,  Bernardo,  241. 

Dejean,  Philip,  354,  355,  444,  576,  586, 
607,  618,  620,  622,  624,  (LSI,  636,  637, 
641,1057. 

De  Kalb,  Baron,  642,  654. 

Delaware  Indians,  61,  24(1,  367,  448, 
550,  554,  610,  791. 

De  Leyba,  Francisco,  426. 

Deline,  L.  E.,  740,  743. 

Demoushelle,  Louis,  086. 

Denerchelle,  Lewis,  1063. 

Dennv,  ,  512. 

Denny,  Major,  176,  177. 

Denoi, ,  503. 

Denton,  Thomas,  1061. 

De  Peyster,  Captain,  225,  355  note. 

Detering,  Jacob,  1063. 

Detroit,  most  important  British  post 
in  Northwest  country,  82;  hope  of 
Clark  to  capture,  127;  capture  of  in- 
structions from  governors  at,  172, 
175 ;  presents  sent  Indians  from 
British  at,  206,  427 ;  French  at  did 
not  sympathize  with  Americans, 
210;  news  of  capture  of  Kaskaskia 
at,  224 ;  British  exhort  Indians  at, 
225 ;  spies  sent  toward  by  Clark, 
230;  condition  of  garrison,  246  ;  ne- 
cessity for  expulsion  of  British  from, 
250,  256;  Indian  aid  against,  258; 
possibility  of  campaign  against,  259, 


444;  reports  of  attack  on,  260;  trail 
from  Kaskaskia  to,  288;  Indian  par- 
tisans from  in  Fort  Sackville,  341  ; 
stores  from  capture. I  by  Clark,  354  ; 
inj|iuls(' of  Claik  to  march  aL'ain.st, 
o5S,  361,  444,  448;  campaign  against 
piiipiised,  362;  ei)ter)iri,se  deferred, 
36.3;  prisoners  sent  home  to,  365; 
444,  543;  i)reparations  for  expedi- 
tion against,  360,  5-14;  plan  aban- 
doned, 370,  450;  opiHUtunities  to 
capture  lost,  371,  309;  hope  of  Clark 
to  capture,  399;  necessit)-  for  driv- 
ing British  from,  400;  Clark's  hope 
of  influencing  French  at,  428;  in- 
fluence of  British  at,  655;  apprehen- 
siim  of  raid  trou],  688;  march  of  La 
Balme  against, 695  ;  campaign  against 
reconsidered,  697,  699;  ])lan  for  ex- 
peditiiin  against  ainn'oved  by  Gov- 
ernor .lefferson,  703;  Washington's 
opinion  of  it,  704 ;  AVashington  un- 
able to  undertake  reduction  of,  707, 
708;  number  of  men  deemed  neces- 
sarj'  for  and  difficulty  of  raising 
them,  710 ;  delays  and  vexations, 
712;  jirospect  for  success,  714,716, 
721  ;  expedition  marched,  718;  cam- 
paign against  Detroit  al)andone(l, 
721;  British  knowdedge  of  exjiedi- 
tiiin,  724  ;  Lieut,  xinderson  taken  to, 
727  ;  campaign  against  hopeless,  730  ; 
t'lark's  plan  needs  no  defense,  731 ; 
fear  of  attack,  747. 

Detroit  French  Fur  Company,  318. 

Detroit  river,  227. 

Devernai,  Father,  187. 

Devins,  Belser,  365  note,  585. 

Dewit,  Henry,  300  note,  841,  1118. 

Dickson,  Lewis,  1119. 

Digges,  Dudlej',  92. 

Dillard,  Captain,  128, 139, 140,  414,  471, 
472. 

Dillon,  John  B.,  History  of  Indiana, 
132,  455,  783,  814,  912. 

Dixon,  Josiah,  79,  579. 

Dodge, ,  1067. 

Dodge,  Captain,  284,  689. 

LJodge,  Israel,  736. 

Dodge,  John,  621,  687,  736. 

Dodge,  J.  P.,  Eed  Men  of  the  Ohio 
Valley,  64. 

Dodge  Plains,  373. 

Dohertv,  Edward,  10(?3. 

Dohertv,  Frederick,  844,  1063. 

DohertV,  John,  1063. 

Doherty,  Neal,  844. 

Dolphin,  Peter,  1063. 


1 1 66 


INDEX. 


Dolphin,  Pierre,  "iS(i. 

Donne,  John,  14.3,  150,  151,  rote  1051, 
1052. 

Donne,  John,  Jr.,  151  note. 

Donne,  MarHia,  ]51  note. 

Donovan,  John,  1003. 

Donow,  Joseph,  1063. 

Doran,  Patrick,  .S44,  10.35. 

Doad,  Poger,  1003. 

Dougherty,  Neal,  145,  151  note,  164. 

Douglass,  James,  960. 

Douthitt,  John,  1116. 

Dnval,  John,  964. 

Duval,  Samuel  H.,  965. 

Dovle,  John,  964,  1063. 

Drake,  J.,  946. 

Dra]K-r  C(jliection  of  ^Manuscripts,  Wis- 
consin Historical  Society,  33S,  445, 
4.50. 

Draper,  Lyman  C,  100,  4.56,  874,  916. 

I)rinck\vater,  William,  365  note,  58-3. 

Druiechelle,  Lewis,  1063. 

Drumgold,  James,  1061. 

Dubord,  I.  B.,  586. 

Duliiiysson,  Colonel,  642,  6-54. 

Duckworth,  .Tames,  365  note,  585. 

Dudlev,  Ami.stead,  844,  1047. 

Duff,  .John,  165,  474,  844,  1118. 

Dujaunay,  Father,  185. 

Dulhoueau,  Pierre,  1063. 

Duncan,  Archibald,  1063. 

Duncan,  Benjamin,  1063. 

Duncan,  Charles,  1063. 

Duncan,  David,  1063. 

Duncan,  Joseph,  1063. 

Duncan,  jSIimroil,  1063. 

Duncan,  Samuel,  1063. 

Dunn,  Jacob  P.,  Indiana:  A  Redemp- 
tion from  Slaverv,  918,  1059. 

Dunmore,  Lord,  217,  991,  992. 

Dunmore's  War,  64,  123,  138,  179,  991. 

Duplasi,  Captain,  695. 

Durrett,  James,  1063. 

Durrett,  Reuben  T.,  12,  1.34,  1,36,  144, 
151,  1.59,  4.55,  897,  925,  927,  934. 

Durrett,  Reuben  T.,  Centenary  of 
Louisville,  144,  151,  664,  666,  756, 
910,  9,37. 

Durrett,  William,  1063. 

Durst,  Daniel,  1061. 

Du.sablong,  B.,  1063. 

Duselle,  Mons.,  1063. 

Dust,  Samuel,  1034,  1035. 

Early  Chicago  and  Illinois,  694,  736, 

745. 
Eastin,  Philip,  962  note. 
Eastis,  James,  1063. 
Edwards,  John,  856,  1075. 


Edwards,  Ninian  \V.,  951. 
Edwardsville,  951. 
Eighteen-mile  island,  828. 
Elkhorn,  464. 
Elligood,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  654. 

Elliott, ,  580. 

Elliott,  James,  79. 

Ellis,  AbiierT.,  270. 

Elms,  James,  844. 

Elms,  John,  844. 

Elms,  William,  841,  1118. 

Embarrass   river,    2(6.  296,    297,  312, 

313,  438,  523,  569,  570. 
English,  Koberi,  1063. 
Es])y,  Josiah,  86(1. 
Estill,  Captain,  757. 
Estill's  Station,  757. 
Evans,  Captain,  373,  374. 
Evans,  Charles,  .S-14. 
Evans,  Jesse,  1060. 
Evans,  Stanhope,  1063. 
Ewing,  George  W.,  270. 

Fache,  Lewis,  1063. 

Fairfax,  Lord,  112,  963. 

Faith,  Elizabeth,  151  note. 

Faith,  John,  151  note. 

Faith,  AVilliam,  145,  150,  151  note. 

Fallen  Timbers,  battle  of,  966. 

Falls  of  the  Ohio,  intention  of  Clark 
to  establish  fort  at,  129;  chosen  as 
camping  ground,  132,  414;  fort  built 
at,  143,  415,  .5.58,  .564;  first  author- 
ized pilot  of,  146;  great  change  in, 
1.59;  passage  of  by  Clark,  163;  scouts 
sent  toward  by  British,  231 ;  troojis 
ordered  to  be  stationed  at,  25.S  ;  po.st 
at,  260;  Indians  returning  from  raid 
at  killed,  .343;  point  to  be  guard(>d, 
372  ;  njessenger  killed  at,  382,  403  ; 
land  at  given  Clark  by  Indians,  451 ; 
necessity  for  fort  at,  470;  increase 
of  settlement,  509;  Clark's  march 
to,  .553;  prisoners  taken  to,  608;  ar- 
rival at,  610 ;  geographical  advan- 
tages of,  664 ;  council  of  war  held 
at,  698;  condition  of  garrison,  749, 
753;  Fort  Nelson  built  at,  754;  ren- 
dezvous at,  758 ;  departure  of  expe- 
dition, 802  ;  currency  at,  929. 

Farers,  John,  1063. 

Faris,  Isaac,  844. 

Farrar,  Anne  C,  1124. 

Farrar,  Bernard,  1124. 

Fear,  Edmund,  844. 

Ferguson,  Benjamin,  859,  1115. 

Ferguson,  Dr.,  869. 

Ferguscjn,  Pickney  C,  366. 

Fergus's  Historical  Series,  199. 


INDEX. 


I167 


Fover,  AVilliaui,  10(il. 

Field,  Daniel,  10()8. 

Field,  Lewis,  lOlio. 

Fields,  Benjamin,  1060. 

Fields,  ,Tohn,  (ii)L>. 

Fineastle,  1018. 

Finley,  Samuel,  S44. 

Finn,  .lames,  S44. 

Fish  creek,  CL',  64. 

Fisher,  Isaac,  lO-'il. 

Fishing  creek,  ll'o,  L'60,  726. 

Fisk,  John,  .\uierican  Hevokition,  !il2. 

Fitzhugh,  Clark,  1010,  lll'4. 

Fitzhugh,  D.,  1002. 

Fitzhusli,  Davis,  iSl14. 

Fitzhugh,  Dennis,  1010,  1124. 

Fitzhugh,  Frances,  see  I'rances  I'^lea- 

nor  Clark. 
Fitzhugh,  Lucy,  1010,  1124. 
Flanaghan,  Dominick,  844. 
Fleming,  Colonel,  lO.s.'i. 
Fleming,  AVilliam,  1118. 

Filming, ,  226. 

Flin,  Peter,  570. 

Flogget,  William,  844. 

Florida,  402,  608,  6<I0. 

Floyd,  Cbavles,  7r)l. 

Flovd,  George  Rogers  Clark,  860. 

Floyd,  Henry,  840. 

Floyd,  Isham,  844,  1118. 

Flovil,  ColoijelJohn,681,748,  750,  751, 

758,  869. 
Flovd  Station,  752. 
Foi-he,  Lewis,  1(16.'!. 
Fontainebleau,  050. 
Forbes  campaign,  123. 
Fort  Bowman,  197. 
Fort  Chartres,  186,  198,  199,  245,  756. 
Fort  Clark,  197,  37:i,  576. 
Fnrt  Dearborn,  144,  note. 
F<.rt  Finnev,  863. 
Fort  (4aee,  940. 
Fort  (4reenville,  1012. 
Fort  Henry,  722. 
Fort  Jefferson,  317,  372, 

(i87,  6S8,  694^701,  780. 
Fort  Knox,  37/ . 
Fort  Laurens,  932. 
Fort  ]McIntosh,  791. 
Fort  Massac  (-.Massacre),  164,166,  167, 

415,  474,  475. 
Fort  Nelson,    754,    755,   756,   781,  9.36, 

958. 
Fort  Niagara,  727. 
Fort  Patrick  Henry,  109,  111,  349,  372, 

Fort  Pitt,  6(1,  61,  62,  63,  67,  96,  230,  :-!!i5, 
463,  469,  512,  580,  696,  705,  709,  712, 
716,  717,  732. 


667,  673,  676, 


Fort  Sackville,  name  change<l  to  Fort 
Patrick  Henry,  111,  343;  Caj)tain 
Bowman  wounded  at,  214;  siege  of 
conducted  without  Indian  aid,  223; 
news  of  capture  by  British  slow  to 
reach  Clark,  2.30;  messengers  from 
captured  by  British,  231;  surrender 
of  to  Hamilton,  234  ;  Hamilton  re- 
mained at, 240  ;  Clark's  altack  wholly 
unexpected,  3UI>;  the  attack,  316; 
when  built,  318;  why  named,  319; 
description  of,  319  ;  strengthened  by 
Hamilton,  320;  location,  i-i20 ;  dia- 
gram of  position,  323;  Ihunilton  or- 
dered to  surrender,  335  ;  refusal ,  336 ; 
proposition  of  Ilamilton,  337;  re- 
fusal, 338;  conference  of  Clark  and 
Hamilton,  .330;  killing  of  Indians 
before  gate,  342;  effect  upon  garri- 
son, 347;  capitulation,  347 ;  evacua- 
tion, 349;  dates  of  events  in  siege, 
353;  disposition  of  prisoners  taken 
at,  364 ;  Lieutenant  Brashears  ap- 
pointed to  command,  367;  fatal  in- 
jury to  Major  Bowman  at  siege  of, 
374;  Jlajor  Bowman  may  have  tieen 
buried  at,  376;  location  of,  377. 

Fort  Slephenson,  1005,  1006. 

Fort  Steuben,  863. 

Fort  Washington,  791,  1012. 

Fort  Wayne,  144  note,  604.  See  Aux 
iNIiamis. 

Foster,  Henrj',  1063. 

Foster,  William,  844. 

Fountain  Blue,  959. 

Fourteen-mile  creek,  178,  971,  984. 

Fox  Indians,  400,  422. 

Fox  river,  296,  569. 

Frankfort,  67,  949. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  (62. 

Fraser,  John,  585,  608. 

Frazier,  Abraham,  1061. 

Frederic  Town,  652,  711. 

Freeman,  Captain,  612. 

Freeman,  Peter,  1063. 

Freeman,  William,  844. 

Fremont,  1006. 

French,  Henry,  1055. 

French  Lick,  i)73. 

Froggat,  William,  1118. 

Fronran,  Paul,  111,  112,  116. 

Frost,  Stephen,  844. 

Fry,  .John,  37. 

Fuller,  Esther,  953,  958. 

Funk,  Henry,  844,  1034. 

Gaffee,  I.  B.,  585. 

C-iaffes, ,  365  note. 

Gage,  General,  184. 


ii68 


INDEX. 


(iagnia,  Jacque,  lOliS. 

(lagnia,  Lewis  (Louis),  845,  1118. 

Gagnier,  .Jai'(iues,  r).S(j. 

( iains,  John,  Klii.'i. 

Gains,  William,  1(183. 

(iallagan,  Owen,  Km;:;. 

(Tallagber,  Owen,  oS."). 

•  iallowav,  .J.,  145. 

(Tanielin,  Antoine,  1042,1055. 

(iamelin,  Paul,  5,S(). 

(Tanielin,  Pierre,  739,  743. 

(rainilan, ,  37l'. 

(Tarilner,  .Andrew,  2(i9. 

Gardner,  Dexter,  2i>!». 

Gardner,  J.,  Sl)3. 

(rarfield,  James  .\.,  914. 

(-iarner,  William,  1(1(13. 

(larrett,  John,  1061. 

Garrison,  James,  1067. 

Garrot,  Robert,  H44. 

Garuldon,  Baptist,  1063. 

Gaskins,  Thomas,  845. 

(iaso  river,  815. 

(iassnia,  Lewis.  845. 

(rates,  General,  (i54. 

(Tatewood,  Elizabeth,  9S2. 

(Tauehdon,  Baptist,  ]0(>3. 

(iaunia,  Abraliani,  1063. 

Gavlor,  (4as]ier,  845. 

(4e.'ldes,  David,  1058. 

(.-ieorwe,  .John,  lOi;.'). 

George,  Robert,  366,  367,  372,  399,  448, 
549,  550,  576,  6SS,  6!)0,  691,  698,  840. 

George,  Reuben,  35. 

Georgetown,  80,  947. 

Gerault,  Lieutenant  John,  373,  840, 
936. 

Germain,  J.  B.,  1063. 

Germain,  Lord  (ieorge,  217,  218,  225, 
680. 

Germantown,  941. 

Gerrard,  Eli,  83,  .581. 

Gibaalt,  Father  Piere  (Peter),  great 
aid  to  Clark,  1S3 ;  biographical 
sketch,  184;  waited  upon  Clark,  191, 
418,  479  ;  influence  of,  199  ;  appreci- 
ated by  Clark,  200;  went  to  A'in- 
cennes  to  secure  allegiance  of  in- 
habitants to  American  cause,  201, 
487;  sent  to  Spanish  side  of  ^lissis- 
sipjpi,  213;  British  learn  of  his  mis- 
sion to  Vincennes,  224;  blessed 
Clark's  troops,  226,  287,  437,  520; 
vilified  by  Hamilton,  241;  praised 
by  Patrick  Henry,  256;  further  aid 
to  Clark,  267  ;  respect  of  people  for, 
267  ;  expenses  to  Vincennes,  1046. 

Gibbons,  Samuel,  1063. 

Gibson,  General,  703. 


Gibson,  Colonel  John,  70!),  710,  712, 
713,  714,  715,  716,  718,  9.32,  998. 

Gibson,  John,  1051,  10-52,  1056. 

Gilbert,  John,  1047. 

Gilmore,  (^leorge,  SIS. 

Girault,  John,  1054. 

Girty,  Simon,  682,  757. 

Gist',  John,  1063. 

( iist,  Thomas,  9(i0. 

Gist's  creek,  9(30. 

Givine,  Belser,  5S5,  608. 

Glass,  Jlichael,  845,  1118. 

CHenn, ,  5X0. 

Glenn,  David,  79,  845. 

Godfrey,  Francis,  845. 

Godin,  Pierre,  1054., 

(4o,gnia,  Pierre,  10i;3. 

GoRher,  Owen,  365,  note. 

(Tomier,  Abraham,  10(i3. 

Gooch,  William,  IKi,  119. 

(joodloe,  Henry,  1001. 

Goodman,  Daniel,  580. 

Goodspeed,  ,  History  of  Knox 

County,  Indiana.  318. 

Goodwin,  Anjos,  10(13. 

Goodwin,  Edward,  1063. 

Goodwin,  William,  845,  1118. 

Goosh,  Samuel  M.,  942. 

Gordon,  John,  1063. 

Gouday,  James,  1035. 

("iraden,  William.  79,  579. 

t-irahani,  C.  C,  150. 

Graham,  James,  145,  150,  151  note, 
1047,  1063. 

(jraham,  Jlary,  151,  note. 

Grand  Door  of  the  Wabash,  see  To- 
bacco's Son. 

Grand  Kite,  261. 

Grand  River,  450. 

Grant,  Captain,  226. 

Grassv  Flats,  972. 

Gratiol,  Jean,  10(i3. 

(Iratiott,  Jean,  10(i3. 

(irave  creek,  60,  61,  123,  725. 

(4raves,  Thomas,  3(i,  noti-,  54. 

(4ra.v,  (jeorge,  845,  9«5. 

(irayson,  Ambrose,  581. 

(irayson,  Frederick  W.  S.,  891. 

Grayton,  Captain,  657. 

Great  Blackbird,  24(;. 

(h-eathouse, ,  1029,  1033. 

(ireathouse,  William,  K4.5. 

(ireat  Salt  Lick  creek,  260. 

("ireen,  James,  1063. 

Green,  John,  845. 

Greene,  Robert,  1060. 

(Treen,  Samuel  Ball,  1066. 

Green,  Thomas,  815. 

Greenbrier,  470,  564. 


INDEX. 


169 


Greene,  General,  34. 

Green  river,  Ifid,  580. 

Greenwodil,  Daniel,  1063. 

Greer,  Cliarles,  lOOi. 

Grimes,  John,  84"!,  1118. 

Grimshaw,  Jolin,  "iS."). 

Grinishire,  John,  10B3. 
I  Grolet,  Francis,  Sr..  1063. 
;  Grulet,  Francis,  Ji-.,  10(33. 

I  Groots, ,  10(i7. 

j  Cir.iver,  Sarah  T.,  941. 
I  Guerin,  Pierre,  740. 
,  Guess,  John,  1063. 
:  Guihofja,  542. 

Guion,  S.  Frederiejv,  1063. 

Gutlirie,  James,  '.I7.S. 

Guthrie,  William,  .S4r). 

Gwathniey, ,  ."iS;!. 

Gwathmey,  Ann,  see  Ann  Clark 

Gwathniey,  Ann,  ii!l7. 

GwathiiieV,  Balor  H.,  ililS. 

Gwathiiiev,  Ehzalieth,  lOOD,  1123. 

Gwathniey,  t^enr^-c  C,  Wl."),  11 23. 

Gwathniey,  Isaac  R.,  lOOil. 

Gwathmey,  John,  0S3,  997,  99S. 

Gwathmey,  3Iarie.  99S. 

Gwathmey,  31ar\',  Eliza,  99S. 

Gwathmey,  Owen,  47,  S94,  997,  1148. 

Gwatlimey,  Kehecca,  9',i«. 

Gwathmey,  Samuel,  51,  892,  997. 

Gwathmey,  William,  998. 

Gwin,  William,  845. 

Hacker,  John,  845. 

Haggin, ,  5so. 

Hain,  William,  KKil. 

Haldimand,  General,  220,  227,  236,  355, 
660,  677,  679. 

Halford,  Elijah  W.,  770. 

Hall,  AVilliam,  1063. 

Hamburg,  1122. 

Hamilton,  Alexander,  612,  652. 

Hamilton,  Henry,  spy  of  in  Cahokia, 
210,429;  at  Vincennes,  211 ;  oljnox- 
ious  to  Americans,  215;  first  pro- 
posed instigation  of  Indian  raids, 
216;  suggestion  adopted,  217  ;  man- 
agement of  frontier  war  given  to, 
218 ;  cause  of  animosity  of  Ameri- 
cans toward,  220;  letter  of  Gen. 
Haldimand  to,  221  ;  Lieut. -(iov.  AIi- 
bott  advised  against  Indian  policy 
of,  223 ;  learned  of  Clark's  capture 
of  Illinois  towns,  224 ;  prepared  to 
recapture  them,  225;  departure  of 
expedition,  226;  jirogress,  227;  ap- 
proach to  Vincennes,  231 ;  suriciider 
of  Fort  SackvilJe,  234,  429;  praise  of 
Indians,  235 ;  inhabitants   required 


to  take  oath,  239;  fort  repaired,  240; 
I'allier  (Tibault  reviled,  242;  infor- 
mation of  capture  reached  Clark, 
261,277;  Clark  resolved  to  attack, 
262;  expedition  marched,  287,520, 
56S;  in  sight  of  Fort  Sackville,  307, 
437,  527,  571 ;  attack  ordered,  316, 
439,  531,  572;  descrijitiun  of  fort, 
319;  diagram  of ,  323  ;  plan  of  attack, 
324;  progress  of  siege,  327,532;  de- 
mand to  surrender,  335,  387,  441 ,  6.36, 
573;  refused,  336,  387,  441,  536,  573; 
])riiposition  of  Hamilton,  337,  441, 
539,573;  declined,  338,  387,  389,  537, 
574  ;  condition  of  garrison,  339  ;  con- 
ference of  Hamilton  and  Clark,  339, 
3S9,  537,  514;  killing  of  Indians  be- 
fore fort,  342,  3,S8,  442,  574  ;  capitula- 
tion, .347,  391,  444,  540,  574;  eva.aia- 
tion,  349,  5/.) ;  Hamilton  sent  as  ] iris- 
oner  to  Va.,  445,  364,  398,  .546,  57(>; 
mortification  of,  605  ;  intercession  of 
in  behalf  of  prisoners,  606;  account 
of  journey  to  Va.,  609;  treatment 
harsher,  612;  hand-cuffed,  615;  ar- 
rival at  Williamsburg,  lil8;  condi- 
tion of  prison,  619;  directions  of 
executive  council  regarding,  620; 
sensation  caused  by,  624;  the  Irrst 
instance  of  American  retaliation, 
627  ;  treatment  deserved,  628  ;  a  pris- 
oner of  war,  631  ;  (juestioii  of  treat- 
ment submitted  to  (Ten.AVashington, 
633;  his  answer,  634;  severity  re- 
laxed, 636;  letters  of  Jeft'erson  re- 
garding, 637,  638,  (i39;  instructions  of 
Virginia  council  regarding  prisi  mers, 
640;  aiijiroval  of  Washington,  641; 
efforts  for  exchange,  642;  proposi- 
tion of  exchange  for  Col.  Jlathews, 
644,  647  ;  great  suffering,  650;  signed 
parole,  651;  the  parole,  652;  change 
of  opinionby  Jefferson,  653  ;  jiermis- 
sion  to  Hamilton  to  go  to  N.  Y.,  655  ; 
approval  of  Washington,  656  ;  jour- 
ney to  N.  Y.,  657;  exchanged  and 
sailed  for  England,  658;  sulise(|uent 
career,  660;   ancestry,  661. 

Hammet,  James,  845. 

Hampton,  65(i,  657. 

Hancock,  Eliza,  see  Eliza  Clark. 

Hancock,  George,  1004,  1125. 

Hancock,  Julia,  1018. 

Hand,  General,  97,  128,  413,  469. 

Hannastown,  722. 

Hanover,  461. 

Hanover  Court -House,  637. 

Hanson,  J.  E.,  1048. 

Hardin,  Francis,  845. 


1 170 


INDEX. 


Hardin,  Joliii,  1011. 

Hardint;.  -Major,  737. 

Harjjis,' John,  1049. 

Harlan  (Harland),  Major  Silas,  79,83, 
")81,  (i'lO,  i;;il,  (i'.iL',  (l!)3,  758,  845,  1050. 

Harlan's  Station,  G93. 

Harman,  V.,  94(). 

Hiirmer,  (Icnc'ral,  966. 

Harper's  Feriy,  111. 

Harris,  .Tames,  845. 

Harris,  .lohn  Maline,  845. 

Harris,  Saniuel,  Sr.,  845. 

Harris,  Samuel,  .Tr.,  845. 

Harrison,  Pienjamin,  president,  770. 

Harrison,  Benjamin,  governor  of  Vir- 
ginia, 731 , 783. 

Harrison,  Burr,  580. 

Harrison,  Colonel,  .384,  721,  722. 

Harrison,  .James,  585,  1061. 

Harrison,  Captain  Kichard,  373,  698, 
840,  935. 

Harrison,  Nathaniel,  92. 

Harrison,  William,  1051. 

Harrison,  William  Henry,  666,  978, 
1005. 

Harrod, ,  .580. 

Harrod,  James,  79,  85,  122,  457,  581, 
960. 

Harrod  (Herod),  William,  64,  83,  122, 
124,  139,  1.53,  163,  469,  473,  608,  681, 
840. 

Harrodsburg,  80,  82,  139,  472,  579,  582, 
583,  (i76,  677,  684,  693,  800,  801.  See 
Harrodstown. 

Harrod 's  creek,  961. 

Harrod's  Station,  945. 

Harrodstown,  68,  70,  72,  78,  79,  82,  83, 
84,  85,  122,  139,  151,  457,  4.58,  464, 
4(i5,  467,  473,  945,  959.  See  Harrods- 
burg. 

Hart,  Miles,  1063. 

Haswell,  John  H.,  771. 

Hatten,  Christojiher,  845. 

Haut,  Henry,  1061. 

Hawkins,  Joseph  H.,  878. 

Hawkins,  Samuel,  1061. 

Hawlev,  Richard,  1063. 

Hav,  Andrew  P.,  8il(l,  1115. 

HaV,  Ann,  860. 

Hav,  :\rajor  John,  226,  231,  340,  342, 
347,  576,  585,  607,  619,  637,  641,  651, 
652,  653,  65(),  1057,  1058. 

Havs,  James,  1063. 

Havs,  Thomas,  845,  1118. 

Hazard,  John,  1061. 

Hazle  Patch,  581. 

Head,  James,  1063. 

Heath,  (ieneral,  618 

Helm,  Achilles,  107. 


Helm,  John  Larue,  108. 

Helui,  Leonard,  64,  65,  79,  .83,  106, 107, 
108,  122,  124,  127,  139,  163,  203,  204, 
2115,  231,  232,  233,  234,  24(1,  27(i,  325, 
340,  341,  354,  3(i6,  368,  372,  387,  420, 
427,  444,  469,  473,  537,  544,  546,  547, 
550,  576,  577,  738,  840,  933. 

Helm,  Mary,  107. 

Helm,  Sarah,  107. 

Helm,  William,  1049. 

Helvinstone,  3Iajor,  68. 

Henderson,  C(jlonel,  67,  77,  463. 

Henderson  A  Co.,  70,  457. 

Hendricks,  William,  941. 

Hendrix,  Andrew,  1063. 

Hening's  Statutes,  746,  826,  933,  1039. 

Henly,  Thomas  J. ^978. 

Henry,  Captain,  5i5. 

Henry,  David,  231,845. 

Henrv,  Hugh,  234,  845. 

Henry,  Isaac,  234,  845. 

Ilenrv,  John,  2.14,  845. 

HenrV,  M..ses,  2o4,  325,  367,  531,  .550, 
577,  740,  104(1,  1049. 

Henry,  Patrick,  alive  to  Virginia's 
needs,  73;  plan  for  Illinois  cam- 
paign jiresented  to  by  Clark,  88,  461  ; 
advised  with  others  upon  it,  89; 
Geo.  ^lason's  estimate  of,  90  note; 
instructions  given  Clark,  93,  96  ;  c(jn- 
sidered  treatment  of  Eochblave's 
family  harsh,  1 75  ;  letter  of  C'lark  to, 
230;  letter  of  to  Virginia  delegates 
in  congress,  245 ;  letter  of  instruc- 
tions to  John  Todd,  249 ;  letter  of 
Clark  to,  262 ;  Clark  probably  sent 
copy  of  report  to,  394  ;  letter  of  Bow- 
man to,  403  ;  letter  to  Richard  Henry 
Lee,  611;  plan  for  fort  at  mouth  of 
Ohio,  666;  letter  of  Clark  to,  796. 

Henry,  William  Wirt,  Life  of  Patrick 
Henry,  55,  395,  409,  612,  702,  800. 

Henryville,  1122. 

Hcrculaneum,  1122. 

Hesse,  ,  679. 

Heth, ,  713. 

Heth,  ,\ndrew,  857  note,  1082. 

Heywood,  Berry,  1063. 

Heyworth,  Berry,  1063. 

Hibernia,  1122. 

Hickman,  Edwin,  36  note. 

Hicks,  David,  1061. 

Hicks,  Mordica,  1063. 

Hico,  Peter,  Sr.,  1063. 

Hico,  Peter,  Jr.,  1063. 

Higgins, ,  62. 

Higgins,  Barney,  845. 

Higgins,  Henry,  79. 

Higgins,  John,  581. 


INIIEX. 


I  I 


71 


Hig-g-ins,  I'eter,  960. 

Higg-ins,  Thomas,  9-tO. 

Hilclebriind,  James,  1003. 

Hill,  llar.lv,  1051. 

Hinkslon,  OHO. 

Hinkston's  cabin,  464. 

Hinsdale,  Burke  A.,  91S. 

Hinsdale,   Burke    A.,  Old  Northwest, 

■2-2'A. 

Hint.m, ,  986, 

Hinton,  Evan,  ]0."iri. 

Histdiical  Magazine,  912. 

Histiirv  of  the  Fulls  Cities,  133,  149. 

Hite, ,  580. 

Hite,  Abraham,  9()0,  994. 

Hite,  Eleanor  Briseoe,  9S4. 

Hite,  (ieorge,  1063. 

Hite,  1.,  946. 

Hite,  Isaae,  <i.i,  79,  946,  961,  902,  994. 

Hite,  Isaac,  Jr..  994. 

Hile,  ;\laiiir  Isaac,  112   note. 

Hite,  Jai'ob,  112  note. 

Hite,  John,  115,  5(i3,  962. 

Hite,  Jdst  (JoistV    111,    112,    115,116, 

96':;  note,  984,  994. 
Hite,  Rebecca,  997. 
Hite,  Sarah,  112  note,  900,  994,  1142. 
Hoagland,  Richard,  987. 
Hoar,  (ieorge  F.,  915. 
Holibs,  James,  1063. 
Hoglan,  Henrv,  1051. 
Holder,  John," 814. 
Holdman.  Henrv,  1055. 
Holker,  John,  lil7,  1118,  1119. 
Hollenback,  Daniel,  960 
Holler,  Francis,  1063. 
Hollis,  Joshua,  1064. 
Holman,  (Ieorge,  986,  987,  988. 
Holman,  Joseph,  9S8. 
Holman,  Washington,  98S. 
Holman,  AVilliam  J.,  988. 
Holms,  James,  845. 
Holston  river,  106,  127,  1.38,  139,  413, 

461,  469. 
Honaker,  Frederick,  1034. 
Honaker,  Henrv,  846,  1034. 
Honaker,  Peter,  846. 
Hooper,  Thomas,  846,  1118. 
Hoops,  A.lam,  1118,  1119. 
Hope,  Lieutenant-Governor,  660. 
Hopkins,  Richard,  10(il . 
Hopkins,  Samuel,  803,  1008. 
Horn,  Christopher,  1064. 
Horn,  Jeremiah,  1064. 
Horn  (Home),  John,  585,  608. 
Horse-Head  Bottom,  lo;;0. 
Horseshoe  Plain,  302,  571. 
Horton,  Aaron,  1064. 
Horton,  Adin,  1064. 


Iloundsler,  Charles,  1064. 
House,  Andrew,  S4(i. 
Howell,  Peter,  1064. 
Howell,  "William,  10(i4. 
Hudson,  William,  580. 
Huffman,  Jacob,  1064. 
Hughes,  John,  846. 
Hughs,  John,  50,  51. 
Humphris,  Samuel,  S46. 
Hunter,  Ann,  151  note. 
Hunter,  David,  151  note. 
Hunter,  James,  151  note. 
Hunter,  Joseph,  145,   150,  151  note. 
Hunter,  Joseph,  Jr.,  151  note. 
Hunter,  Rlajor,  711. 
Hunter,  ^Martha,  151  note. 
Hupp,  Phillip,  1(161. 
Huron  Indians,  403. 
Iluste,  Ligey,  10:!4. 
j  Hutchings,  Liculeuant,   140,  141,  414. 
Plutchins,  Stephen,  859,  1115. 

Illinois,  county  of,  formation  of  and 
appointment  of  officers,  248;  John 
Todd  apiiointrd  county  lieutenant, 
249;  letter  of  instructions  to,  24'.); 
(.Mark's  ilescription  of  county,  453; 
invasion  of  by  British,  67!i ;  trouble 
in,  (i87  ;  conllict  of  civil  and  military 
authorities,  735;  depreciation  of 
currency,  etc.,  737,  745;  land  trou 
bles,  740;  act  organizing,  1037. 

Illinois  Grant,  see  Clark's  Grant. 

Illinois  Indians,  4(l(). 

Impress,  Right  to, in  compaign  of  1786, 
](J59. 

India  Company,  198. 

Inglis,  Captain,  657. 

Ingram,  Jonathan,  79. 

Innes,  Judge,  801,  817. 

Innis,  Harrv,  1059. 

Iowa  (loway)  Indians,  400,  509,  679. 

Irby,  David,  1064. 

Irby,  James,  841. 

Iron  Banks,  673. 

Irvine,  General,  730. 

Isaacs,  John,  84(i. 

Island  Number  One,  674. 

Jackman,  J.,  946. 
Jackson,  Burwell,  828,  1117. 
James,  Abraham,  846,  1034. 
James  river,  611,  703. 
.Jameson,  David,  92. 
Jauiieson,  Thomas,  1061. 
Jannay,  Peter,  963. 
January,  Jaujes,  846,  985. 
Jac(-|ues,  Harriet,  9(i4. 
Jarrald,  James,  846. 


II' 


INDEX. 


.Tarrot, 


63, 


1067. 


Jarrot.  Niohohi 

Jay,  John,  7(12. 

Jefferson,  Peter,  .i4,  5.t. 

Jeffeisoii,  Thomas,  birth  place,  54; 
friend  of  George  liogers  Clark,  .')(> ; 
letter  of  to  Clark,  57;  consulted  re- 
garding Clark's  ])lan  for  Illinois 
campaign,  S!i;  estimate  of  George 
Ayythe,90;  letter  of  to  Clark  regard- 
ing land  grants  to  soldiers,  9i1,  102; 
letter  of,  KiO;  opinion  concerning 
instigation  of  Indian  raids,  L'l'l; 
Clark  probably  sent  copy  of  rep<iit 
to,  304;  aid  to  prisoners,  613;  advo- 
cated retaliation,  615,  620,  624;  sub- 
mittal question  to  Washington,  632  ; 
further  correspondence,  637,  03S, 
630;  approval  of  Washington,  641; 
letter  regarding  exchange  of  Hamil- 
ton, ()44  ;  letter  to  Colonel  ilathews, 
647  ;  letters  to  AVashington,  653,  (i55  ; 
permitted  Hamilton  to  go  to  New 
York,  6.55 ;  plan  for  town,  666;  es- 
tablished fort  at  mouth  of  Ohio,  <i(}7  ; 
letter  of  Colonel  Todd  to  671;  fort 
named  for,  673  ;  letter  of  John  Dodge 
to,  6S7  ;  letters  of  Clark  to,  703,  700; 
letter  of  to  Colonel  Smith, 711 ;  letters 
to,  716;  foresight  of,  765;  letter  of 
to  Judge  Innes,  817  ;  Clark's  defense 
of,  102'.  I. 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  Writings  of,  625, 
632,  ().34. 

.Tefferson's  Dam,  55. 

Jefferson's  Mill,  55. 

Jefferson's  "Works,  160,  305  note,  40O, 
634,  638,  639,  640,  650,  656. 

Jeffersonville,  366,  664,  665  note,  863, 
S6(),  042,  9S2,   983,  007,  1122. 

Jennings,  Jonathan,  S()0. 

.Fessamine  creek,  934. 

.lessuji,  Anne,  see  .\nne  Croylian. 

.Ie,ssu|i,  Thomas  (S.),  1004,  1125,  11.32. 

.lewell,  Charles,  1064. 

.Tewell,  John,  1064. 

Jiants,  John,  365  note. 

Johnson,  Colonel,  958. 

.lohnson,  .Tohn,  S46. 

Johnson,  Sir  .John,  716. 

Johnson,  Sir  William,  1003. 

Johnston,  Edward,  S46,  1118. 

.lohnston,  Larkin,  35. 

Johnston,  Samuel,  1064. 

Johnst.jn,  William,  1119. 

Jones,  (.'harles,  846. 

Jones,  David,  60,  846. 

Jones,  Edward.  1064. 

Jones,  George  W.,  809. 


Jones,  John,  846. 

Jones,  John  Gabriel,   71,  76,   78,   79, 

458,  450,461,  463,  570. 
Jones,  J.  E.,  1117. 
Jones,  John  Rice,  275,  808,  810,  815. 
Jones,  Mathew,  846. 
Jones,  Eichard,  33. 
Jovnes  (Joines),  John,  365  note,  585, 

846,  1118. 

Kanawha  river,  59,  61,  128,  260,  413, 
470,  558,  663,  723. 

Kaskaskia  (Kaskasky,  Kaskaskies, 
Kaskaskias),  a  British  post,  82; 
plans  of  Clark  for  expedition  against, 
82,  87,  467;  ])lan  laid  before  Gov. 
Henry,  88,  46S ;  plan  approved  and 
appropriation  made,  02,  468;  condi- 
tion, 92,  474;  instructions  to  Clark 
regarding,  96,  97;  departure  of  ex- 
pedition, 158,  473  ;  caiiture,  169,  476, 
559,  .5()4;  brilhant  feat,  170;  treat- 
ment of  Gov.  Eochblave,  171,  277, 
477,489;  policy  toward  inhabitants, 
181;  confusion  at,  181.478;  Father 
Gibault  settles  at,  185;  anxiety  of 
citizens  allayed,  191,  480,  417;  dis- 
tance from  Prairie  du  Eocher,  193, 
559,  564  ;  name  of  fort  at  changed  to 
Fort  Clark,  197;  French  settlement 
at,  198;  population  French,  190;  gar- 
rison, 202,  489;  expedition  sent  from, 
204,418;  return  of  Clark,  200,  426, 
431;  departure  for  Vincennes,  211  ; 
false  report  of  British  approach,  212  ; 
preparations  for  defense,  213,  431; 
arrival  of  Capt.  Bowman,  214,  435; 
news  of  capture,  224 ;  noli  attacked 
by  British,  240;  uneasiness  at,  260; 
British  attack  deferred,  261,  43(); 
Vigo's  departure,  275;  his  return, 
277;  date  of  Clark's  departure  or 
Vincennes  campaign,  279,  437 ;  en- 
thusiasm, 280,  283 ;  distance  to  Vin- 
cennes, 288 ;  Jesuit  headquarters, 
289 ;  intercommunication  with  Vin- 
cennes, 289 ;  prisoners  taken  to,  367  ; 

576,  arrival,  367;  point  to  be  guarded, 
372;  distress  at,  692;  La  Balme 
raised  troops  at,  694,  695. 

Kaskaskia  (Kaskia)  Indians,  400,  420, 

512. 
Kaskaskia   river,    197,   280,  288,    289, 

293,  513,  520. 
Kellar,  Abraham,    262,  367,  373,  374, 

577,  840,  1034. 
Kellar,  Isaac,  841,  1034. 
Kemp,  Reuben,  1064. 
Kendall,  ISimjauiin,  846. 


INDEX. 


I173 


Kendall,  William,  846,  lUS. 

Kennedy, ,   2!)(i,   297,   523,   569, 

.')70. 

Kennedy,  David,  1064. 

Kennedy,  John,  580. 

Kennedy,  Patrick,  o67,  550,  577. 

Kennedy,  Paul,  1047. 

Kennedy,  William,  801. 

Kentcin."  Simon,  05,  79,  80,  177,  681, 
846,  966. 

Kentucky,  early  nioveuient  of  settlers 
toward,  65;  meeting  of  settlers,  70; 
delegates  to  the  Virginia  legislature 
chosen,  70,  458;  supply  of  powder 
obtained  for,  75;  recognition  of  as 
part  of  Virginia,  75;  organization 
of  as  county  of  ^'irginia,  77;  cause 
of  its  rapid  settlement,  132,  152,471  ; 
first  .settlement  of,  457  ;  inhabitants 
in  1771),  464;  loss  in  Indian  wars, 
465;  Clark's  idea  of  importance  of, 
4t)7;  increase  of  population,  510, 
554,  66:-!;  British  raid  into,  680; 
trouble  in,  735;  in  constant  alarm, 
748,  799;  consuHation  of  militia  of- 
ficers of,  754;  end  of  Indian  inva- 
.sions  of,  760;  early  history,  IO:;o. 

Kentucky  Plistorical  8ocictv,  456,  567. 

Kentuckv  Reporter,  889. 

Kentucky  river,  6(i,  67,  68,  70,  128, 
129,  260,  470,  558,  664,  754. 

Keppel,  Thomas,  585,  (iiW. 

Kercheval,  Pamuel,  History  of  the 
Valley  of  Virginia,  111,  112,  115, 
116. 

Kerr,  "William,  1064. 

Kev,  George,  846. 

Key,  Thomas,  841. 

Kickapoo  (Kiccapoo,  Kickebue,  etc.) 
Indians,  400,  420,  440,  442,  445,  679. 

Kidd,  Robert,  1064. 

Killbuck,  1031. 

Kimbley,  Isaac,  145 ;  see  Kimbly. 

Kimbly,  Andrew,  150. 

Kimbly,  Isaac,  150,  151  note;  see 
Kimbley. 

Kimbly,  Slary,  151  note. 

Kina,  Christopher,  1064. 

Kincadc,  .lames,  1064. 

Kincaid,  Captain,  582. 

Kincaid,  Joseph,  1060. 

Kindser,  Jasper,  582. 

King  (ieorge,  1035,  1064. 

King,  Xicliolas,  1064.- 

King  William  Court-House,  651. 

Kinkead,  Mrs.  B.,  683. 

Kinley,  Benjamin,  1066. 

Kirk,  Thomas,  1064. 

Kirkley,  James,  1064. 


Kite,  510. 

La  Balme,  Augustin  M.  de,  694. 
La  Belle,  Charles,  1064. 
La  Casse,  Jacque,  1064. 
Lacourse,  Jacob,  1048. 
Lacroix,  J.  B.,  1045,  1049,  1055. 
Lafaro,  Francis,  1064. 
Lafaston,  Francis,  KKil. 
Lafayette,  204,  427  note. 

Latlour,  Pierre,  1064. 

Lafont  (Lefont),  Dr.  Jean  B.,  200,  487. 

Laform,  John,  1064. 

Lafour,  Pierre,  1064. 

Lafoy, ,  365  note. 

Laird, ,  5S0. 

Lajennesse,  J.  B.  Vautdiese,  1036. 

Lajes,  223,  506. 

Lamarch,  Beauvard,  1064. 

Lamarch,  J.  B.,  1064. 

Lamarch,  Lewis,  1064. 

Lamb,  Martha  J.,  History  of  the  city 
of  N.  Y.,  614, 

Lamothe  (Lamotte),  Captain  William, 
241,  324,  325,  329,  330,  333,  335,  339, 
386,  440,  531,  534,  543,  572,  576,  585, 
607,  615,  620,  (i23,  624,  631,  636,  637, 
641.  1057,  1058. 

Landers,  John,  1041. 

Langlade,  Captain,  (i78. 

Langlois, ,  ]9S. 

Lanserainte, ,  365  note. 

La  Paint,  Lewis,  1064. 

La  Plante,  Baptiste,  270. 

Larose,  Francis,  1064. 

La  Salle,  169. 

Lasant  Joseph,  1064. 

Lasley,  John,  1064. 

Lasselle  (Nicholas),  365  note,  585. 

Lasonde,  Joseph,  586. 

Laubrau, ,  1064. 

Laughlin,  Peter,  1064. 

Laurel  river,  581. 

LaVenture,  J.,  1061. 

Lavigm,  Joseph,  1064.. 

Laviolette,  Baptist,  1064. 

Laviolette,  Louis,  1064. 

Law,  Edward  E.,  100. 

Law,  Judge  John,  10,  100,  270. 

Law,  John,  History  of  Vincennes,  183, 
740,  741,  916. 

Lawrenceville,  288,  312. 

Leany,  Thomas,  5,S5. 

Leare,  William,  846. 

Leazenby,  Abel,  585,  608. 

LeCompt,  Levis,  1055. 

Lee,  Arthur,  791. 

Lee,  Elizabeth,  34. 

Lee,  Hancock,  66. 


1 1 74 


INDEX. 


Lee,  Riohard  Henr}',  <!11. 
Lee,  Zebeniah,  1035. 
Leestown,  liii,  ()7,  68,  81. 
Legare,  Major,  57.5, 
Legrai'e,  .see  Lcgras. 
Legrand,  (iabrael,  T40,  744. 
Legras    iLegras,    Legrar-e), 


Colonel, 
532,  544, 


(Major),  ■■iL'li,  333,  354,  350, 

54B.  575,  73'.»,  740,  741,  743,  744,  799, 

104(i,  1048,  10.54. 

Lemon,  John,  846,  1118. 

Lemoult,  Captain,  226. 

Lenay,  .John,  1064. 

Lenay,  Thomas,  1064. 

Lenev,  Thomas,  1061. 

L'Enfant,  Francis,  1064. 

Leroux,  I.  B.,  586. 

Lerrault,  J.  P.,  1054. 

Leslie,  General,  656,  657. 

Lewis,  Benjamin,  1064. 

Lewis,  t!olonrl,  457,  612. 

Lewis,  <Teneral,  253. 

Lewis,  James,  1064. 

Lewis,  Merriwether,  765,  1011. 

Lewis,  Virgil  A.,  History  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, 112. 

Lexington,  Indiana,  178,  675. 

Lexington,  Kentucky,  684,  94ii,  951. 

Licking  creek,   78,   79,  464,  554,  579, 
75.S. 

Licking  river,  681,  682. 

Limestone,  464,  684,  966. 

Limestone  creek,  78,  80. 

Lincoln,  753. 

Lincoln,  Abraham,  951. 

Lincoln,  !\Irs.  Abraham,  951. 

Lincoln,  General,  994. 

Lincoln,  Eobert  Todd,  952. 

Lindsay,  Arthur,  846,  985. 

Lines,  John,  847. 

Linetot,  Godefrov,  740. 

Linitot,  Major  ( Captain),  370, 373,  552, 
553,  554,  691. 

Linn,  Asahel,  144,  145. 

Linn,  Benjamin,  79,  84,  85,  467,  580. 

Lmn,  Ca])tain,  579. 

Linn,  Lewis  F.,  145. 

Linn,  Lieutenant,  580. 

Linn  (Lynn),  William,  143,  145,  203, 
4S9,  749,  839. 

Linn,  William,  Jr.,  144. 

Linn's  Station,  144. 

Jjiquor,    use    of    in   pioneer   military 
forces,  2.36. 

Little    Kanawha   (Kanhaway)    river, 
260,  726,  1030. 

Little  river,  894. 

Little  Turtle,  144  note,  695. 

Little  Wabash,  294,  521,  522. 


Livingstone,  George,  846,  1118. 

Livingstone,  Miss,  1005. 

Livistone,  George,  1034. 

Lochry,  Archibald,  722,  725,  729. 

Lochry  creek,  725,  729. 

Lochry  island,  725. 

Lochry's  defeat,  722,  729. 

Lockart,  Pleasant,  846. 

Lockett,  Pleasant,  846. 

Lockhart,  Archibald,  1064. 

Lockhart's  Tavern,  582. 

Locust  creek,  893. 

Locust  Grove,  887,  888,  889,  897,  899, 

909,  1004. 
Logan,  Anne  C,  1123. 
Logan,    Colonel   Benjamin,    465,  082, 

756,  758,  759,  801,  816. 
Logan,  Hugh,  1064. 
Logan,  John,  1124. 
Logan,  Indian  chief,  1029. 
Logan's  Fort,  580,581. 
Logan's  Station,  142,956. 
Long  Hunters,  137,  945. 
Long  Island,  626,  652,  656,  999, 
Long,  Philip,  1035. 
Long  Reach,  726. 
Long,  William,  1064. 
Longueville,  Pierre,  586. 
Lorraine,  Ensign,  367,  577. 
Louisville,  107,  132,  1.33,  144,  146,  147, 

159,  160,  471,  554,  663,  754,  865,  887. 

897,  910,  911,  932,  963,  9,S2. 
Louisville  Literary  News,  567. 
Lourse,  John,  1046,  1047. 

Love, ,  582. 

Love,  I.,  582. 

Lovell,  Richard,  846, 1061,  1118. 

Lower  Blue  Lick  creek,  80. 

Lucan's  Mills,  647. 

Luckto,  Mary  Dorsej',  964. 

Luekto,  SaufN.,  964. 

Lunsford,  Anthony,  1064. 

Lunsford,  George,'846,  1118. 

Lunsford,  Mason,  846. 

Lunsford,  Moses,  847. 

Lusado,  Abraham,  847. 

Lutterell,  Richard,  847. 

Ljfgert,  Daniel,  849. 

Lynch,  H.,  946. 

Lynch's  Ferry,  611. 

Lyne,  John,  1118. 

Lyne,  Joseph,  847. 

Lynn,  see  Linn. 

Lj'nn,  Captain,  97. 

Lyon,  Jacob,  1064. 

Lyons,  Daniel,  580. 

McAfee,   Eobert   B.,   History  of   the 
War  of  1812,  1006. 


INDEX. 


II75 


MoBead,  Kichard,  365  nole. 
Mi'Beath  (McBeUO,   John,    3:14,    576, 

585,  6U7,  61i),  U).'i7,  1058. 
llcliride,  Isaac,  «47,  K)35. 
McCaiiipbell,  Samuel,  >S51),  llKi. 
McCartv,  K.,  1055. 
McCaitv,  Richard,  2(>2,  278,   284,  207, 

367,  37.".,  430,  437,  508,  523,  508,  570, 

575,  577,  840,  1043,  1048. 
McClain,  Thomas,  1064. 
Mce'lanihan,  Robert,  1034. 

McClelland, ,  81. 

McClelland    (McClellan),    John,   81, 

464,  570. 
JMcClellan's  (iMcClelland's)   lort,  80, 

81,  S2,  l5l,  464,570. 
IMcClellan's  Station,  047. 
McClock,  Charles,  1035. 

JlcChire, ,  054. 

JlcClure,  Patrick,  1064. 
!McComb,  Mrs.,  544. 
McConnell,  Andrew,  70. 
JlcConnell,  Ensign,  580. 
^IcConnell,  Francis,  70. 
;\lcConnell,  William,  79. 
:McCra\v,  Christ,  585. 
JlcCrow,  Christ,  608. 
jMcCumprey,  John,  1118. 
^IcDade,  Richard,  585. 
:McDaniel,  Thomas,  1004. 
McDermct,  Francis,  847. 
McDonald,  Angus,  64,  123. 
McDonalil,  David,  847. 
McDonald,  James,  1064. 
McDonald.  John,  962. 
McDonald,  Thomas,  1064. 
McDonough,  Stace,  1067. 
3Ic(iann,  John,  847. 
Mc(;ar  (McGarr),  John,  847,  1118. 

.McGarry, ,  580. 

^Ic(Tarv,  Captain,  369,  553. 

INIcGarV,  Hugh,  681,  682. 

McGovock,  Hugh,  1066. 

McGuire,  John,  1064. 

^Ic(;umrey,  William,  1034. 

]McIntire, 'Alexander,  847,  1034. 

Mcintosh,  713. 

Mcintosh,  General,  371,  300,  429,  611. 

Mcintosh,  James,  1064. 

]\IcKee,  Archibald  B.,  270. 

McKee,  British  Indian  Agent,  393. 

JIcKee,  Captain,  727. 

^IcKee,  Francis  Vigo,  270. 

McKin,  James,  1064. 

jrcKindlar,  Patrick,  586. 

McKindley,  Patrick,  1057. 

McKinlie    (Mackinlie),  Patrick,   586, 

608. 
McKinney,  Daniel,  1051. 


McKinney,  John,  1064. 

McKinney 'h  Station,  95(i. 

McKivors,  John,  586. 

.McLaughlin,  Father,  379. 

jMcLeod,  Torquil,  34. 

McLockland,  Charles,  1064. 

McLung,  J.,  682. 

J\lcMaims,  George,  151  note,  847. 

McJIanus,  James,  151  note. 

McManus,  John,  Sr.,  145,  146,  149,  151 
ni.te,  847. 

McJIanus,  John,  Jr.,  145,  146,  149,  151 
niite,  847. 

McOlanus,  Mary,  151  note. 

Mcl\Iichael  (Michaels,  Michel);  John, 
365  note,  586,  1064. 

JIcMickle,  John,  1064. 

McMullen  (MacmuUen),  James,  365 
note,  585,  1064. 

McMullen  (McMuIlan),  Samuel,  847, 
985 

McMurdo,  Captain,  54. 

Mc.Murtrie, ,  Sketches  of  Louis- 
ville, 970. 

RIcNeal,  Archibald,  579. 

McNutt,  James,  847,  985. 

McQniddv,  Thomas,  1064. 

Macgra,  Christ,  608. 

Machiquawisb,  678. 

Mackintire,  Captain,  366,  576. 

Madison,  941,  942,  043,  951. 

Sladison,  James,  Presiilent,  56. 

Madison,  James,  Colonel,  112  note. 

Mafield,  Micajah,  1118. 

Magnian,  Francois,  585. 

Maher,  Patrick,  585. 

Mahoney,  Florence,  847. 

Mahoney,  J.  H.,  904. 

Maid,  Ebenezer,  1064. 

Mailone,  J.  B.,  1064. 

Maisonville  (Masonville),  Francis, 224, 
225,  298,  324,  329,  333,  335,  345,  346, 
386,  440,  570,  572,  576,  607,  651,  1057. 

jMaisonville,  Mons.  De,  1064. 

Malbeff,  Joseph,  10ti4. 

Malboy,  William,  585. 

Malbroff,  Joseph,  1064. 

Mallet,  P.,  740. 

Mammelle  Hill,  298,  315,  571. 

Manafee,  James,  1047. 

Manchester,  78. 

Manitee,  Jonas,  847. 

Mansiack,  259. 

Alarietta,  908,  921. 

Marietta  College,  773. 

Mark,  Thomas,  1060. 

Marketan  Indians,  246. 

iMarr,  Patrick,  847,  1118. 

Mars,  Alexander,  859,  1116. 


II76 


INDEX. 


Marsh,  John,  1064. 

Marshall,  John,  112. 

Marshall,  Sarah,  1008. 

Marshall,  William,  1064. 

Marshall,  Humphrey,  History  of  Ken- 

tucl^v,  806. 
]Martin,  Captain,  460. 
IMartin,  Charles,  847. 
jMartin,  Elijah,  1064. 
^lartin,  Joseph,  1064. 
JIartin,  L.,  1117. 
Martin,  Pierre,  1064. 
Martin,  Silas,  667. 
Martin,  Solomon,  1064. 
Martin,  Thomas  Bryan,  963. 
^Jlartin's,  582. 
Martinsbarg,  69.3,  963  note. 
:\[artin's  Fort,  72,  459. 
:\Iartin's  Station,  680. 
Marysville,  1122. 
-Mascoutin  (Mascoutainge)  Indians, 

219,  679. 
:\rason,  Charles,  585,  1061. 
Mason,  George,  89,  90,  91 ,  99,  102,  411 . 
Massac  Road,  Old,  ]6(i. 
-blaster,  Barney,  1034. 
:Mathe\vs,  Colonel,  638,  639,  640,  642, 

644,  647,  999. 
Mathews,  Edward,  1061. 

Maulding, ,  582. 

Jlaumee,  98(). 

Jlaumee  (Miamis)  river,  228,  548. 

3Iaumie  Indians,  205,  422. 

Maurisette,  M.,  1064. 

^lauron,  Peter,  1065. 

Maxwell,  John,  1040. 

May,  John,  798. 

Mayfield,  Elijah,  1064. 

Mavfield,  Isaac,  1064. 

Mavfield,  James,  1064. 

Mayfield,  l\Iicajah,  847. 

Mayfield  creek,  674. 

May's  Lick  creek,  80. 

Jlaysville,  78,  85,  288,  684,  966. 

Meadow  Indians,  499. 

Meadows,  Josiah,  1065. 

Meamonie  Indians,  400. 

Means,  John,  145,  150. 

Mechegame  (Mechigamie)  Indians, 

400,  420. 
Memphis,  1122. 
]\renafield,  Joseph,  1042. 
Menaze,  ^larie,  1054. 
Menomini  (Minomie)  Indians,  678. 
.Mercer,  Charles  F.,  878,  888. 
Merideth,  Susana,  1119. 
Merrill,  Samuel,  917. 
Merriweather,  James,  841. 
Merriweather,  William,  841,  1118. 


Mershorn,  Nathaniel,  847. 

Meurin,  Father,  184,  185,  186,  187. 

Meyers,  see  Mires. 

Jliami  (Miamie,  Meami)  Indians,  246, 

363,  548,  576,  695,  795. 
JNIiami  (Meamies,  Miamis,  Meyamee) 

river,  228,    429,    724,   727,   733,   758, 

759,  796. 
Miami  Town,  see  Aux  Miamis. 
Miamis,  692,  696,  see  Aux  Miamis. 
^lichilimackinac   (JIackinaw,  ^laoki- 

nac),  172,  184,  225,  395,477,500,609, 

558,  554,  564,  677. 
Middle  Fork,  960. 
Middle  island,  725. 
Middletown,  751. 
Miles,  Michael,  841. 
Millar,  Abraham,  847,  1034. 
Millar,  George,  1035. 
Miller,  Anderson,  Jr.,  1123. 
Miller,  Ehzabeth  C,  1123. 
Miller,  John,  1065. 
Milton,  Daniel,  1065. 
Mingo  Town,  60. 
Mingoe  Indians,  259. 
Minie,  Francois,  586. 
Mires  (Miers,  ]Myers,  etc.),  William, 

349,  381,  382,  395,  398,  403,  544,  546, 

575,  576,  847,  1100. 
Missesogie  Indians,  205,  422. 
Missie,  Bernard,  1065. 
Missouri  Indians,  510. 
Mobile,  699. 
Momib,  298. 

Monbrun,  Timothy,  1036. 
Monet,  J.  B.,  1065. 
Monongahail,  558,  see  Redstone. 
Monongahela  river,  60,  61,  62,  67, 106, 

122,  123,  132,  469  note,  471,  558,  563. 
Monroe,  James,  847. 

Montgomery, ,  367. 

Montgomery,  Captain,  581. 
Montgomery,  Edward,  1065. 
Montgomery,  Ensign  (Lieut.)  James, 

367,  374,  577,  841,  1118. 
Montgomery,  John,  137,  139,  ]40,  153, 

163,  203,  243,  258,  265,  280,  369,  370, 

372,  373,  380,  414,  449,  473,  489,  552, 

553,  676,  689,  690,  696,  737,  839,  1068. 
Montgomery,  John,  847,  1119. 
jMontgomery,  William,  1065,  1118. 
Monticello,  54,  160. 
Montreal,  184  note,  236,  259,  450,  727. 

Moor, ,  715. 

Moore, ,  955. 

Moore,  James,  1067. 

Moore,  James  F,,  383,  857,  1080,  1117, 

1119. 
Moore,  John,  842,  487. 


INDEX. 


"77 


Moore,  IVter,  1006. 

Moore.  KdlK-rl  K.,  50,  r^^ . 

Moore  (More),  Smniiei,  70,  84,  85,-1(17, 

ri80. 
:\loore,  Thomas,  847,  1118. 
^loran,  IVter,  lOlio. 
Jloravian  Indians,  717. 
]Mooreheaii    (Morehead),  George,  365 

note,  58,5. 
Flore's  Fort,  582. 
Morgan,  Charles,  585,  842,  1118. 
Morris,  Jaeob,  101)5. 
Jlorris,  James,  10G5. 
JMorris,  Kicliar.l,  830,  832. 
Morris.  William,  1005. 
Muhlenberg,  Colonel,  1002. 
Muhlenbertr,  Peter,  091.  902. 
Mulberry  Hill,  43,  44,  45,  899. 
:\Iulby,  William,  1001. 
Mumnailly,  Joseph,  1065. 
Munam,  Joseph,  1065. 
Munrony,  Sylvester,  1065. 
Munsic  Indians,  259. 
IMurdock,  Edward,  1051. 
Murony,  AVilliam,  1061. 
Jlurphv,  John,  847,  1118. 
Murray,  Daniel,  478,  1044,  1045,  1047, 

1053. 
Murray,  Edward,  1048. 
3Iurray,  Thomas,  1061. 
Murry",  Edward,  847. 
Murreer,  Edward,  1035. 
IMuskingum  river,  64. 

Jlustache, ,  1065. 

Muter, -George,  1059. 
Muter,  Judge,  801. 
Myers,  Catherine,  383. 

Nagle,  ^laurice,  1118. 
Naldonin,  503. 
Nail,  N.,  946. 
Nan,  Conrad,  1065. 

Nash, ,  149. 

Nash.  Franois,  1065. 

Nashville,  288,  289,  956. 

Natchez,  259,  275,  401,  610,  649,  811, 

815,  935,  936. 
National  Gazette,  791. 
Nave,  Conrad,  1065. 
Neal,  John,  1065. 
Neaville,  J.,  946. 
Neelie,  H.,  582. 
Neilson,  N.,  1118,  1119. 
Nelson,  Enoch  Gerrard,  847. 
Nelson,  General,  702. 
Nelson,  Governor,  712. 
Nelson,  John,  1065. 
Nelson,  Moses,  1065. 
Nelson,  N.,  1118. 


Neville,  John,  1003. 

New  Allianv,  664,  665  note,  942. 

Newcondi,  SSilas,  159,  160. 

Newcoiiierstown,  61. 

Newell,  J.,  94(). 

New  ]\tadrid,  188,  1012. 

New  :\Iarket,  1122. 

New  Orleans,  143,  170,  364,  399,  401, 
448,  ,576,  959. 

Newton,  Peter,  848,  1119. 

New  York,  613,  614,  625,  626,  638,  6."9, 
648,  651,  652,  ()54,  655,  656,  657,  658, 
716. 

Niagara,  225,  363,  450,  545. 

Niciiolas,  Colonel,  702. 

Nickajai'k  Expedition,  956. 

Nine-Mile  creek,  940. 

Nobbs,  .Mark,  1065. 

Norris, ,  History  of  the  Shenan- 
doah Valley,  962. 

Northwest  Territory,  states  created 
from,  766;  articles  of  compact,  76S ; 
seal  of,  7()9. 

O'Fallon,  Benjamin,  46,  49,  ,50,  51,  894, 
1010,  1124. 

O'Fallon,  James,  832,  1010. 

O'Fallon,  John,  46,  49,  50,51,  870,  894, 
1010,  1019,  1124. 

O'Fin,  James,  1065. 

O'Hara,  James,  470. 

O'Harrow,  Michael,  848. 

Oakdale,  28,S. 

Oakley,  John,  848. 

Oates,  Samuel,  1005. 

Ochipwa  Indians,  679. 

Oharrard,  Cajitain,  414. 

Ohio  Company,  66. 

Ohio  river,  mouth  of,  fort  at  contem- 
plated, 666;  order  to  raise  settlers 
for,  667 ;  need  for  fort  at,  669,  699 ; 
garrison  necessary  for,  701. 

Ohio  Valley  Historical  Series,  244,  410, 
913. 

Ohnabadie,  386. 

Oliver,  John,  1065. 

Oliver,  Lewis,  1065. 

Oliver,  Turner,  1065. 

Ome  (Omi,  Omee),  see  Aux  Miamis. 

Omi  river,  see  Maumee. 

Opay  Indians,  400. 

Opequon  creek,  HI. 

Opost,  510,  511,  516,  553,  691,  692,  810, 
816,  see  Vincennes. 

Orben,  Phihp,  1034. 

Orde,  Captain  General  of  Dominica, 
660. 

Ordett,  Lewis,  1065. 

Oreer,  Daniel,  848. 


II7S 


IXDEX. 


Orecr,  .le^^sc,  cS4S. 

Orc'LT,  John,  S42. 

Oreer,  AVilliinn,  848. 

Orleans,   l-iO. 

Orr,  Maji.r,  'XiC. 

Orr,  Eoliert,  722, 

Osburn,  Ebenezer,  848. 

Otisco,  1122. 

Ottawa  (Ottawav,  Outuwav)  Indians, 
205,  400,  422,  511:!,  07H,  67!),  791. 

Ottawa  (Otawa)  river,  259. 

Otter  Lifter,  957. 

Ouabasti  Indians,  see  Wabash  Indi- 
ans. 

Ouiatanon  (Ouiattanong,  etc.),  187, 
219,  288,  354,  427,  510,  695,  802. 

Ouiatanon  (Ouiattanong)  Indians,  219, 
400. 

Ouitown  (Weatown),  512,  see  Wea- 
town. 

Oundsley,  Charles,  848. 

Outagamie  Indians,  G79. 

Ouyas,  372. 

Owdidd.  Lewis,  1065. 

Owen,  George,  1118. 

Owens, ,  62. 

Owens,  Abeilnego,  675. 

Owens,  David,  61. 

<.)\vens,  George,  674,  G75. 

Owena,  Thomas,  675. 

Ozarl;;  (Osark),  414. 

Pagan,  David,  848,  937,  1119. 

Page,  John,  92,  875. 

Paguin,  Francis,  1065. 

Paincourt,  187. 

Paintree,  John,  848. 

Pangrass,  Francis,  1035. 

Pangrass,  Joseph,  1035. 

Pangrass,  ^iichael,  1035. 

Panther,  Joseph,  1065. 

Paper  Money,  see  Continental  Money. 

Papers  Continental  Congress,  409. 

Parault,  Peter,  1005. 

Parisiewne,  Baptist,  1065. 

Parker,  Xnn,  941. 

Parker,  Colonel,  1006. 

Parker,  Edward,  842. 

Parker,  Nat,  1119. 

Parkinson,  James,  585,  608,  1057. 

Parraderushi,  see  Prairie  du  Rocher. 

Parsons,  Samuel  H.,  791,  792. 

Parton,  James,  10. 

Parton,  James,  Life  of  Thomas  Jeiier- 

eon,  919. 
Patten,  James,  145,  146,  151  note,  848. 
Patten's  creek,  146. 
Patterson,  John,  1065. 


Patterson,  Robert,  81 ,  842,  985. 

Patterson,  Samuel,  864. 

Patterson,  William,  1065. 

Patton,  James,  151  note. 

Patton,  .^lartlia,  151  note. 

Patton,  JIary,  151  note. 

Patton,  Peggj',  151  note. 

Paul,  John,  848,  941,  1119. 

Paul,  John  Peter,  942. 

Paul,  :\richael,  941. 

Paul,  Sarah  Grover,  941. 

Paulus  Hook,  993. 

Payne,  Adam,  1065. 

Payne,  AVilham,  1065. 

Peaian  Indians,  576. 

Pearce,  Ann,  903. 

Pearce,  Edmund,  1123. 

Pearce,  Eliza,  1123. 

Pearce,  James  Anne,  1123. 

Pearce,  John,  45. 

Pearce,  Jonathan,  1123. 

Pearce,  .Martha,  1123. 

Peau  Kashaa  Indians,  231. 

Peepin,  .'\I.,1065. 

Peersley,  William,  1119. 

PeDot,  Charles,  10(i5. 

Peltier,  Joseph,  1065. 

Penoour,  67S,  679,  680. 

Penilergrest,  Ganct,  579. 

Penett,  Joshua,  1065. 

Pensacola,  340,  402,  538,  699. 

Pepin,  John,  1065. 

Peoria,  187. 

Peoria  (Peoreana)  Indians,   246,  400, 

420. 
Perault,  .Tames,  1053. 
Perault  (Perrault),  Lieut. Michael, 373, 

K41,  937,  ni9. 
Perkins,  Samuel.  151  note. 
Perot,  Nicolas,  1036. 
Perrian  Indians,  400. 
Perry,  William,  585,  608. 
Pertj'n,  Captain,  582. 
Peters,  John,  580,  848. 
Petersburg,  702,  1122. 
Petit  Fork  river,  292,  569. 
Petite  Riviere  (Wabash),  228. 
Pettice,  Antoine,  1054. 
Pettit's,  581. 
Pevante,  Michael,  736. 
Phelphs,  Josiah,  848. 
Phelps,  Thomas,  1051,  1055. 
Philadelphia,  366,  576,  625,  642,  095, 

711,  712,  999. 
Philips,  Henry,  1065 

Phillibert, ,  7::!9. 

Phillips,  General,612, 633,  634, 6.35,  638, 

639,  654,  658. 


INDEX. 


I  I 


79 


Piankeshaw     ( Peankisliaw,     Pianka- 

Priest,  I'etcr,  84S,  907. 

shaw,  etc.")  Iiiilians,   li04,   223, 

231, 

Prisoners,  Treatment  of    during  th(- 

LM(i,  HliS,  400,  420,  440,  445,  451, 

538, 

Revolution,  625. 

547,  551,  939. 

Proctor,  General,  1006. 

Piatt,  Donn,  ISO. 

Pruitt,  Josiah,  848. 

Piokawa,  759. 

Puan   (Puant)  Indians,  205, 

246,  422, 

Pickens,  Samuel,  145,  14r.,  848,  11 

-9. 

()78. 

Pickering,  Benjamin,  585,  608. 

Pulford,  John,  848. 

Piere,  William,  10(51. 

Puncrass,  Francis,  1065. 

Pigaot,  James,  1007. 

Puncrass,  Joseph,  1065. 

Piloher, ,  978. 

Purcell,  William,  848. 

Pillakishaw  Indians,  246. 

Purviance's  mill,  178. 

Piner,  Jesse,  84S. 

Pyatt,  Jacob,  1052. 

Piqua,  (iS2,  6S3,  t!R4,  693. 

Piitle,  Henry,  410,  913. 

Quebec,   172,  175,   184,   225, 

477,  559, 

Pittnian,  Buckner,  842,  937,  1118. 

504. 

Pittsburg,  75,  78,  106,122,123,128 

143, 

Quebec,  Bishop  of,  187, 188. 

l(i4,    170,  260,  371,  400,  402,  429, 

463, 

Querez,  Pierre,  743. 

470,  510,  512,  542,  654,  580,  718, 

722, 

Quick  (Quirk),  Captain  Thomas,  373, 

731,  1003,  1031. 

374,698,  933,  1119. 

Pittsburg  Gazette,  933. 

Quimette,  I.  B.,580. 

Point  Pleasant,  battle  of,  64,  138, 

253, 

Quiquaboe  Indians,  219. 

(;92,  959. 

Quirk,  see  Quick. 

Pollnck, ,401,  689. 

Pontiac,  490,  506. 

Rabey,  Cader,  1065. 

Pool,  Lucy,  830,  831. 

Raccoon  creek,  955. 

Poores,  Archer,  1061. 

Radford,  Harriet  Kennerly, 

1018. 

P6pe,  William,  1055,  1118,  1119. 

Rainbault, ,  607. 

Pope,  \\'orden,  891,  895,  963. 

Ramsey,  James,  84S. 

Port  Fulton,  1122. 

Ramsey,  Josejih,  1060. 

Portsmouth,  992. 

Ramsey,  Lieutenant,  874. 

Porter,  Ebenezer,  1065. 

Randall,  Robert,  1065. 

Portwood,  Page,  1061. 

Randolph,  Captain,  714. 

Posey,  Thomas,  864. 

Randolph,   Nathaniel,    79, 

960,    961, 

Post  Vincennes,  see  Vincennes. 

1052. 

Potier,  Pere,  226. 

Randolph,  Thomas  Jefferson 

,54. 

Potomac  river.  111. 

Randolph,  Wilson  C.  N.,  54. 

Pottawattomi    (Pottawatima,    Powto- 

Ranger,  J.  B.,  1061. 

wantamie,  etc.),  Indians,  205, 

246, 

Rapin,  I.  B.,  586. 

400,  422,  506,  54S,  679. 

Rath,  Frederick,  1119. 

Potter,  James,  10(15. 

Ravenscroft,  Thomas,  1060. 

Potter,  William,  1005. 

Rawdon,  Lord,  640,  654,  658. 

Poue  Indians,  400. 

Ray,  Andrew,  1060. 

Powell,  Levin,  1051,1056. 

Ray,  James,  86. 

Powell,  Micajah,  1065. 

Ray,  John  W.,  133,  863,  864. 

Powell's  mountain,  582. 

Ray,  William,  579,  848. 

Powell's  river,  582. 

Raymond,  Orlando,  859,  111£ 

. 

Powell's  valley,  582. 

Reager,  Elizabeth,  151  note. 

Powlin,  Captain,  581. 

Reager,  Henry,  151  note. 

Prairie  du  Chien,  678. 

Reager,  Jacob,  145,  150,  151  note. 

Prairie  du  Rocher  (Parra  de  Rushi), 

Reager,  Mariah,  151  note. 

185,  193,  198,  212,  214,  430,  513, 

559, 

Reager,  Sarah,  151  note. 

564. 

iveaume, ,  '-'"''  nun.^. 

Prather,  Henry,  848. 

Reaume,  Charles,  585. 

Prescott,  Alexander,  365  note,  685. 

Rector,  Elias,  9(i4. 

Preston,  Colonel,  645. 

Rector,  John,  1061. 

Price,  Meredith,  135. 

Redd,  Samuel,  35. 

Princeton,  Battle  of,  1006. 

Redstone,  106,  413,  469,  470 

558,  941, 

Prichard,  William,  842,  1119. 

1032. 

75 


iiSo 


ixr,EX. 


licil  Stone  Olil  Fort  (Sutik'meiU;,  122, 

;2S,  ]52. 
Eccd,  Governor,  71S. 
Roi'J,  Luther  1!.,  270. 
Ttci.level,  General,  612. 
Keaanl   (Rhenard)  Indians,  24(1,  609, 

(i/8.   See  Fox  Indians, 

Kenau, ,  277. 

Renault,  ,  19S. 

Reynolds,  John,  912. 

Reynolds,   John,   Pioneer  Ilistory  f;f 

Illinois,  Kw,  169,  177,  209,  288,318, 

938,  952,  9()1. 
Rhoads,  Daniel,  927. 
lihve  Cox,  582. 
Rice,  John,  1061. 
Richards,  Dick,  1065. 
Richards,  Lewis,  1061. 
Richland  creek,  582. 
Richmond,  Indiana,  987. 
Rii-hmond,  Virginia,  280,  612,  655,  656, 

702,  703,  712,  991,  992. 

Riddle, ,  673. 

Riedsel,  General,  6!2. 

Rilie  shooting  in  pioneer  daj'S,  375. 

Riley,  Patrii'k,  10(15. 

Rittenhouse,  David,  160. 

Rivanna  river,  63,  55. 

Riviere  a  I'Auirlais,  220. 

Riviere  a  Boete,  229. 

Robert,  I.,  686. 

Roberts,  Benjamin,  927,  1060,  1061. 

Roberts,  Elias,  1065. 

Roberts,  G.  C,  895. 

Roberts,  John,  1060. 

Roberts,  Joseph,  1065. 

Roberts,  William,  1060. 

Robertson,  Donald,  56. 

Robertson,  Lieut.  James,  372,  841. 

Robertson,  John,  1061. 

Robinson,  Donald,  35. 

Robinson,  Richarcl,  1065. 

Rochblave,  Philip,   169,   171,  172,  175, 

176,  177,  194,  221,  224,  225,  227,  243, 

252,  257,  420,  477,  489,  559,  560,  564, 

651,  654. 
Rockcastle  river,  681. 
Rockhill,  W.  W.,  1029. 
Rock  island,  867. 
Rock  river,  209. 

Rodgers,  Augustus  F.,  11,  871  note. 
Rodgers,  David,  1061. 
Rodgers,  Joseph,  1065. 
Rodgers,  Mrs.  Serena  L.,  871. 
Rogers,  Ann,  see  Ann  Clark. 
Rogers,  Byrd,  36. 

Rogers,  Colonel,  262,  263,  401,  551. 
Rogers,  Edmund,  828. 


Rogers,  George,  35,  280,  08,1. 

Rogers,  Giles,  35. 

Rogers,  Giles,  Jr.,  35. 

Rogers,  John,  243,  2(12,  280,  404,  436, 
520,  546,  668,  576,  607,  608,  609,  669, 
683,  840. 

Rogers,  John,  31. 

Rogers,  John,  33. 

Rogers,  John,  36,  1118. 

Rogers,  Josepli,  79,  683. 

Rogers,  Lucy,  35. 

Rogei'S,  3Iar-\',  35. 

Rogers,  Mildred,  35. 

Rogers,  Rachel,  35. 

Rolins,  Anthonv,  1051. 

Rood,  Jesse,  1050. 

Roosevelt,  Theodore,  The  Winning  of 
the  West,  17(1,  800,  914. 

Rose, ,  148. 

Ross,  James,  1061. 

Ross,  John,  1061. 

Ross,  Joseph,  848,  1119. 

Rousseau,  Lovel  H.,  903  note. 

Rowan,  John,  891. 

Rowland,  Kate  M.,  Life  of  George 
Mason,  100. 

Roy,  Julien,  1061. 

Royal  Spring,  947. 

Rozier,  ,  Histor}'  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Valley,  284. 

Rubey,  William,  842,  848. 

Rubideau,  James,  1065. 

Riibido,  Francis,  1061. 

Rudido,  James,  1065. 

Ruddell, ,  673. 

Ruddell,  Elizabeth,  143. 

Ruddell,  Isaac,  111,  112,  121,  142,  840. 

Ruddell's  Station,  142,  680. 

Ruddle,  Cornelius,  848. 

Rue,  Richard,  985. 

Ruland,  Israel,  740. 

Rulison,  William,  848. 

Running  Fly,  The,  367,  577. 

Ruschan,  Francis,  1065. 

Russel,  Benjamin,  1066. 

Russell, ,  253. 

Russell's  creek,  830. 

Rutherford,  Larkin,  1065. 

Ryan,  Andrew,  1061. 

Ryan,  Lazerus,  1061. 

Sac  (Sack)  Indians,  206,  246,  400,  422, 

678,  679. 
Sacqueville,  Jean,  318. 
Sadavis,  Bel,  365  note. 
Sadler,  William,  365  note,  685. 
Saguina,  603. 
Saguina  Indians,  678. 


INDEX. 


ii8r 


St.  Andre,  Pierre,  r>S(i. 

St.  (.'hiir,  Arthur,   )S8,  189,   o'.r.i,  ;l!U, 

1015. 
St.  Croix,  Lieutenant,  443. 
St.  Francis  Xavier  (.'liurel\,Vineennes, 

3l>1,  323,  338,  339,  37tl,  377,  37S. 
Saint  Cienevieve,  186,  485,  514. 
St.  Jean,  ^larv,  184  note. 
St.  Jot^epli,  7(\n. 
St.  Joseph's  river,  553,  554. 
Saint  Leger,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  216. 
St.   Loui.s,  187.   192,  267,  268,  277,  2S9, 

477,  483,  (i77,  811. 
St.  Louis  Trail  (Trace),  288,  289. 
St.  Mary,  Baptiste,  1066. 

St.  Michaels, ,  1066. 

St.   Philipps   (St.  Phillipe),   186,   193, 

198,  559,  564,  .565. 
St.  I'ierre,  I.  B.,  586. 
St.  Vincents,  see  Yincennes. 
Salem,  288,  289. 
Saline  river.  292,  569. 
Salt  river,  693. 
Sample,  Samuel,  932. 
Sanclers,  see  Sannders. 
Sanders,  Sirs.,  581. 
Sandusky  Indians,  694. 
Sandusky,  Jacob,  79,  959. 
Sandy  island,  970. 
Sareeut,  Winthrop,  189  note,  740,  742, 

772. 
Sartine,  John,  848. 
Sartine,  Page,  848. 
Sassafras  Bottom,  726. 
Saunders   (Sanders),   John,   165,   167, 

168,  415,  475,  848,  923. 
Saunders,  Joseph,  1060,  1117. 
Sauk  Indians,  509. 
Savage,  Bryan,  1065. 
Savage,  Dominick,  1065. 
Savannah,  992,  1006. 
Sawyer's,  582. 
Sayge  Indians,  205,  422. 

Scaggs, ,  581. 

Scates,  David,  1065. 

Scharf, ,  St.  Louis,  198,  921. 

Schieffelin(Shiflin), Lieutenant  Jacob, 

576,  333,  585,  607,  651,  1057,  1058. 
Schmitt,   Rev.   Edm.  J.   P.,  13,   184, 

189. 
Scioto   river,   63,   260,  726,  966,  1030, 

1033. 
Scoggin,  Jonas,  1118. 
Scott,  Charles,  947,  966,  993. 
Scott,  William,  365  note,  586. 
Searay,  John,  1065. 
Searcy,  John,  1065. 
Seare,  William,  1065. 
Sebastian,  Benjamin,  49,  1118,  1119. 


Sellershurg,  1122. 
Sennilt,  liiehard,  1065. 
Sever;ige,  John,  1(165. 
Seveiiis,  Ebenezer,  849,  960. 
Severns,    John,   849,   960,   985,    1065, 

1119. 
Seyhnld,  Kot.ert,  1067. 
Shackletin-il,  Samuel,  1117. 
Shadwell,  54,  55. 
Shiinklin,  Robert,  9(iO. 

Shannoii, ,  715. 

Shannon,  IMiss,  270. 

Shannon,    Captain    Samuel,   722,  724, 

72(1,  729,  789. 
Shannon,  Cajilain  A\'.,  325,  531. 
Shannon,  William,  1050,  1052,  10(i5. 
Shank,  Jacob,  1065. 
Shank,  John,  10(i5. 
Sharloek,  James,  1065. 
Shaw,  Joseph,  1119. 
Shawanee  Sjiring,  579. 
Shawnee  (Shawanoe,  Sawanav,  etc.), 

Indians,  228,  241,  246,  259,  261,  400, 

452,  457,  553,  554.  759,  791,  799. 
Shawnee   (Shawna)  Towns,   450,  727, 

81(i. 
She,  Edward,  365  note. 
Shea,  ,    History  of    the   Catliolic 

Church  in  America,  188. 
Shelby,  Captain  Isaac,  549,  581,   821, 

822. 
Shelby,  Captain  James,  373,  840. 
Shelby,  Edward,  365  note,  586. 
Shelbyville,  750. 
Shelly,  Edward,  586. 
Shepard    (Sheppard),  George,    849, 

1119. 
Shepard  (Sheppard),  Peter,  849,  1119. 
Shepardstown,  711. 
Sherlock,  James,  1065,  1117. 
Sherman,  John,  921. 
Shoemaker,  Leonard,  1065. 
Ship,  William,  1065. 
Shores,  Thos.,  579. 
Shryer,  John  D.,  859,  1116. 
Siburn,  Christopher,  1065. 
Sigonier,  Francis,  1065. 
Sills,  Samuel,  1061 . 
Silver  creek,  828,  832,  861 . 
Sinjmons,  J.  M.,  1050. 
Simpson,  Thomas,  849,  1035. 
Simpsonville,  751. 
Sinclair,  British  lieutenant-governor, 

677,  (i79. 
Sinclair,  John,  145,  150,  151  note. 
Sioux  (Scioux)  Indians,  679. 
Sitzer  (Setzer),   John,  145,   146,   849, 

1034. 
Sitzer  (Setzer),  Michael,  849,  1034. 


Il82 


INDEX. 


Skaggs,  li.,  !)4.'i,  i)4(i. 

Skaggs's  creek,  "iSI,  i).34. 

Skinnor  (Skinner),  Alex.,  925,  1119. 

Slai-k,  William,  «49,  l(i:!4. 

Slaughter,  Colonel  George,  691,  (592, 
753,  781,  1060,  1065,  1119. 

Slaughter,  .Tames,  1060. 

Slaughter,  John,  1061. 

Slaughter,  Joseph,  1060. 

Slaughter,  Ensign  (Lieutenant)  Law- 
rence, 373,  841,  1119. 

Slaughter,  Jlajor,  25S,  259,  750. 

Slaughter,  Mary,  693. 

Slaughter,  Robert,  692. 

Slaughter,  Theo.,  946. 

Slaughter,  Thomas,  1119. 

Smallwood,  General,  702. 

Smith,  Captain,  413,  414,  581. 

Smith,  Charles,  962. 

Smith,  Mrs.  C.  M.,  951. 

Smith,  David,  1065. 

Smith,  George,  849. 

Smith,  Henry,  1055. 

Smith,  John,"  710,  962,  1055. 

Smith,  Joseph,  36  note,  1065. 

Smith,  Josiah,  1061. 

Suiith,  Randal,  1(165. 

Smith,  WilHam  (B.),  106, 127,  128,469, 
471,  472,849,  1119. 

Smith's  islands,  658. 

Smithers,  John,  10()5. 

Smock,  Henry,  1065. 

Smothers,  John,  1065. 

Snellock,  Thomas,  1065. 

Snow,  George,  849. 

Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  283. 

Sodowsky,  Jacob,  79. 

Sotaio  Indians,  503. 

Southall,  J.  v.,  13,  36,  53,  54,  55. 

Sowers,  Frederick,  1066. 

Spanishi  Ozark,  401. 

Sparks,  Jared,  writings  of  Washing- 
ton, 635,  641,  642,  647,  656,  707. 

Sparta,  288,  289. 

Spear,  Jacob,  849,  1034,  1035. 

S))eeds,  Mavor,  135. 

Speers,  Jacob,  1034,  1035. 

Spencer,  John,  1066. 

Spilman,  Francis,  849. 

Spilman,  James,  849,  1119. 

Spittle  (Spittal),  (_Teorge,  585,  608. 

Spottsylvania,  788. 

Spriggs,  Joseph,  1118. 

Springfield,  209,  951. 

Springville,  1122. 

Stagner,  Barney,  St.,  580. 

Staunton,  111,  932. 

Steel,  David,  828. 

Stephenson,  John,  1061. 


Stephenson,  Samuel,  849. 

Stephenson,  Stephen,  1119. 

Sterhng,  Lord,  993. 

Steuben,  Baron,  703,  709,  713. 

Steubenville,  60,  see  Mingo  Town. 

Stevens,  Benjamin,  F.,  660. 

Stevens,  Shep.,  849. 

Stevenson,  Benjamin  C,  942. 

Steward's  Crossing,  65. 

Stewart,  British  Indian  agent,  241. 

Stewart,  Sandy,  146. 

Stoball,  Thomas,  1066. 

Stockley,  Thomas,  722. 

Stone  Fort  Mound  Builders,  1122. 

Stoner,  ,  580. 

Stoner's  creek,  960. 
Stout,  Elihu,  322. 
Strasburg,  979. 
Stratton,  Sigismund,  960. 
Strode,  Sam,  842,  1119. 
Stroud,  Samuel,  1034. 

Stuart, ,  222. 

Stuart,  JohnT.,  951. 

Stuart,  Robert,  951. 

Sturgus,  Minor,  891. 

Sturgus,  Peter,  1055. 

Sugar  Camp,  303,  304,  315,  325,  524, 

525,  531. 
Sullivan,  General,  450,  647. 
Sullivan,  George  Rogers  Clark,  870. 
Sutherland,  John,  585,  608. 
Swan,  John,  841. 

Swan,  William,  145, 146,  149,  849,  1041. 
Swearingen,  Van,  849. 
Sworden,  Jonathan,  849. 

Talley,  John,  849. 
Tamarois  Mission,  185. 
Tandy,  William,  37. 
Tannehill,  Ensign,  712,  717. 
Tanguay,  Repertoire,  184  note. 
Tardivan,  Bartho.,  1117,  1118,  1119. 
Tarsacon,  Bartho.,  1117,  1118,  1119. 

Taschereau, ,  History  du  Semi- 

naire  de  (^u^bec,  184  note. 
Tauway  Indians,  205,  422. 
Taylor,  Abraham,  849. 
Tajdor,  Benjamin,  1066. 
Taylor,  Cap'n  E.,  67. 
Taylor,  Edmund,  962. 
Taylor,  Edward,  1066. 
Taylor,  Captain  Isaac,  374,  840,  1119. 
Taylor,  Jack,  957. 
Taylor,  James,  1066. 
Taylor,  Richard,  857,  1080. 
Tavlor,  Thomas,  1066. 
Tavlor,  William,  586,  608,  849,  1058. 
Tavlor,  Zachary,  857. 
Teall,  Levi,  849,  937. 


INF  EX. 


I  183 


Teliaferro,  Richard  C,  1066. 

Temple,  Benjtuuin,  1123. 

Temple,  Eleanor,  1123. 

Temple,  Eleanor  E.,  903. 

Ten  ".Mile,  123. 

Ten  .Mile  creek,  61. 

Tennessee  river,  164, 167,  261,  415,  474, 
S94,  956. 

Terrell,  Richard,  832,  857  note,  1081, 
1117,  1118,  1119. 

Tewell,  Ann,  151  note. 

Tewell,  Jessie,  151  note. 

Tewell,  John,  151  note,  gee  Tnel. 

Tewell,  Mary,  151  note. 

Tewell,  Winnie,  151  note. 

Thomas,  Edward,  1066. 

Thomas,  Henry,  383,  1118,  1119. 

Thomas, ,  Travels  in  the  West, 

302. 

Thompson,  Captain,  727. 

Thompson,  Charles,  772. 

Thompson,  James,  1066. 

Thompson,  ]\Ioses,  961. 

Thompson,  "William,  849,  1118. 

Thorinigton,  Joseph,  1066. 

Thornton,  Joseph,  849. 

Three  Islands,  726. 

Thruston,  R.  C.  Ballard,  11, 44,  45,  977. 

Thruston,  Alfred,  964. 

Thruston,  Algernon  Sidnev,  964. 

Thruston,  Charles  Mija,  1055. 

Thruston,  Charles  JIvnn,  St.,  961,  962. 

Thruston,  Charles  Mynn,  48,  49,  962, 
1010,  1124. 

Thruston,  Buckner,  961. 

Thruston,  Catherine,  964. 

Thruston,  Charles  William,  1010. 

Thruston,  Elizabeth  Taylor,  963. 

Thruston,  Fanny  Badella,  964. 

Thruston,  George  Mynn,  964. 

Thruston,  John,  841,  961,  964. 

Thruston,  Lucius  Falkland,  964. 

Thruston,  Marv  Buckner,  963. 

Thruston,  Sarah,  964. 

Thruston,  Thomas  Whiting,  964. 

Tigard,  Daniel,  1119. 

Tillis,  Griffin,  1066. 

Tippecanoe,  battle  of,  1010. 

Tipton,  Abraham,  1066. 

Tobacco's  Son,  204,  223,  308,  326,451, 
490,  528,532,547,  551. 

Todd,  Captain,  580. 

Todd,  David,  949. 

Todd,  Eliza,  949. 

Todd  Hannah,  951. 

Todd,  J.,  946. 

Todd,  Rev.  John,  253. 

Todd,  John,  county  lieutenant,  com- 
mand of  defeated  by   Indians,  78, 


464 ;  displeased  with  Capt.  Mont- 
gomery, 138;  appointed  county  lieu- 
tenant of  Illinois,  249 ;  instructions 
to,  249;  biographical  sketch,  252; 
mention  of,  255,  258;  complained  of 
Capt.  McCarty,  278;  appointment 
by,  356;  Clark  pleased  by  ajijioint- 
mentof,  401,  449;  elected  a  burgess, 
580 ;  letter  of  Clark  to,  668  ;  letter  of  to 
Gov.  Jefferson,  671 ;  letter  to  regard- 
ing La  Balme,  695  ;  troubles  in  Illi- 
nois during  absence  of,  735,  736; 
order  regarding  continental  money, 
738,  745;  land  grants,  74],  743,  744; 
opposed  building  of  Fort  Nelson, 
756;  killed,  758. 

Todd,  John,  Jr.,  949,  951. 

Todd,  Levi,  253,  841,  951,  985. 

Todd,  Levi  Luther,  949,  950. 

Todd,  Marv,  949. 

Todd,  Owen,  951. 

Todd,  Robert,  81,  82,  83,  253,  373,  579, 
780,  840,  947,  1068,  1118. 

Todd,  Robert  N.,  950. 

Todd,  Robert  S.,  951. 

Todd,  Thomas,  816. 

Todd,  Thomas  J.,  949,  950. 

Toley,  Daniel. 

Tompert,  Mayor,  135. 

Towdes,  Colonel  (lieutenant),  652,654, 
655. 

Towow  Indians,  246. 

Transylvania,  70. 

Transylvania  companj^,  77. 

Tranthan,  Martin,  1066. 

Travis,  Robert,  145,  150,  151  note. 

Traylar,  Henry,  1035. 

Treat,  Beverly,  842. 

Trigg,  General,  964. 

Triplett,  Pettis,  1066. 

Tripolet,  Simon,  1055. 

Trotter,  F.,  1054. 

Trough  Spring,  994. 

Tuel,  John,  145,  see  Tewell. 

Turnbull, ,  982. 

Turpen,  Richard,  1066. 

Turpie,  David,  920. 

Tuttle,  Nicholas,  1066. 

Two  Islands,  726. 

Tygert,  Daniel,  849. 

Tyler,  Henrv,998. 

Tyler,  Henry  S.,  998. 

Tyler,  Wilham,  849. 

Underbill,  James,  1066. 
Underwood,  Joseph  Rogers,  35,  683. 
Union  Prairie,  302. 
Upper  Blue  Lick  creek,  80. 
Utica,  366,  1122. 


1 184 


INDEX. 


Valade,  T.  B.,  SSii. 

Yalhiite,  Jean  Batiste,  740. 

Valley  turnpike,  115. 

Vance,  Hanley  (Handled,  849. 

^'ance,  Thomas  H.,  10.' "i. 

Vanceburg,  9(j7. 

Vanmeter,  Isaac,  849,  9(17. 

Vanmeter,  .Jacob,  841. 

Vanmeter  Kerry,  945. 

Vaiicheres, ,  738. 

^'auchers,  Jean,  1047. 

Vaughan,  Jchn,  842,  1119. 

Veale,  Peter,  lOliO. 

Veasey  (Veseyi,  Ruben,  585,  608. 

Venshioner,  (4eorge,  849. 

Vermillion  river,  803. 

Viaiix,  Louis,  TiSO. 

Yick,  Henry  W.,  1123. 

Vick,  Sarah,  1123. 

Vickroy,  Thomas,  1051. 

Vieo,  Francis,  260,  262,  267,  275,  27(5, 
277,  396,  436,  568. 

Yillard,  Isaac,  1066. 

Villiers,  Francis,  1061. 

Vincennes  (8t.  Vincents,  St.  Vin- 
cennes),  British  post,  82;  plan  of 
Clark  for  expedition  against,  82,  87, 
4()7 ;  plan  laid  before  Governor 
Henry,  88,  468;  approved  and  a])- 
propriation  made,  92,  468;  name 
changed,  111;  departure  of  expedi- 
tion, 158,  473 ;  post  of  considerable 
strength,  163,  473;  spy  sent  to,  177; 
Father  <4ibault  sent  to,  187  ;  his  of- 
fer to  win  allegiance  of,  192,  419; 
population  French,  199  ;  Gibault  se- 
cures allegiance  to  America,  200,  201 , 
419,  487,  488;  Captain  Helm  placed 
in  command  at,  203,  420,  490;  situa- 
tion at,  203,428 ;  lack  of  news  from, 
211;  in  possession  of  British,  211; 
Captain  Bowman  buried  at,  214 ; 
British  retreat  to,  214;  condition  of 
post,  218;  news  of  Clark's  approach 
to,  224 ;  British  hope  to  capture, 
227  ;  scouts  from  captured,  229,  231 ; 
British  emissary  sent  to,  231 ;  ap- 
proach of  British,  232;  capture  by, 
234,  429 ;  size  of  British  force,  2.35, 
518;  oath  of  allegiance  taken  by  in- 
habitants, 239;  fort  repaired,  240; 
meeting  proposed  by  Hamilton  at, 
241 ;  capture  long  unknown  to  Clark, 
241;  information  from,  246;  inten- 
tion of  Clark  to  retake,  260,  436, 
519 ;  condition  of  British  force  at, 
261,  518;  attractions  of,  268;  friend- 
ship of  inhabitants  for  Clark,  275 ; 
date  of  capture  by  British,  275,  429  ; 


purpose  of  Vigo's  visit  to,  276;  val- 
uable information  secure<l  by,  277, 
436,  518,  568  ;  size  of  t^lark's  expedi- 
tion against,  284 ;  departure  of  expe- 
dition, 287,  437,  5()8 ;  distance  from 
Kaskaskia,  288,  437;  intercommu- 
nication with,  289 ;  Clark's  njarch 
to,  292,  437,569;  approach  to,  302, 
307;  571;  Clark's  letter  to  inhabit- 
ants, 309,  439,  572  ;  attack,  310,  439, 
572;  topography  about,  312,  315;  di- 
agram of  streets  near  fort,  323 ; 
Clark's  force  in  town,  324;  inhabit- 
ants furnish  him  ammunition,  326; 
progress  of  siege,  327,  573 ;  Indians 
killed  before  fort,  342,  574;  capitu- 
lation of  Hamilton,  347,  574;  evacu- 
ation of  fort,  34!»,  575;  dates  of 
events  in  siege,  353;  excitement  in 
town,  357 ;  officers  appointed  for 
town  and  fort,  366,  577 ;  prisoners 
taken  to  Kaskaskia,  367,  576 ;  a 
point  to  be  guarded,  372;  death  of 
Major  Bowman  at,  374;  buried  at, 
376;  old  burial  grounds,  377;  com- 
pany raised  for  garrison  at,  672 ; 
British  plan  against,  678 ;  LaBalme 
raised  men  at,  694;  fort  necessary, 
699;  garrison  necessary,  701;  dis- 
satisfaction, 737,  795,  79,S,  799;  fraud 
in  land  claims,  740 ;  depreciation  of 
currency,  745;  troubles  of  garrison, 
747;  condition  of  affairs,  797;  hos- 
tility at,  804;  garrison  established 
by  Clark,  805;  goods  impressed  and 
trouble  resulting,  807:  court  of  in- 
quiry demanded  by  Clark,  813 ;  re- 
port of  investigating  committee,  814. 
See  Opost. 

Vincennes  Historical  and  Antiquarian 
Society,  567. 

Vinette,  Nicholas,  586. 

Virginia,  relations  to  Transylvania  and 
the  Kentucky  country,  70 ;  Kentucky 
settlers  send  delegates  to,  71 ;  execu- 
tive council  of  sends  powder  to  Ken- 
tucky, 75;  recognition  of  Kentucky 
as  part  of,  75;  is  entitled  to  credit 
forClai-k's  campaign. 124 ;  reimburse- 
ment by  federal  government  for  ex- 
penses of  campaign,  126;  cession  of 
country  N.  \V.  of  Ohio  to  federal 
government.  126,  779;  importance  of 
capture  of  Illinois  posts  to,  245  ;  reso- 
lutions of  legislature  praising  Clark, 
248;  legislation  respecting  Illinois 
country,  248;  neglect  of  western 
troops,  780;  relieved  Clark  of  com- 
mand, 783. 


INDEX. 


IlSc 


Virginia  State  Papers,  V24,  (i2r>,  (irl2, 
671,  6;ii;,  704,  709,  711,  711',  7ir.,  716, 
717,  7L'L',  7;_«,  748,  750,  753,  75(;,  757, 
758,  780,  781,  781',  784,  811,  813. 

Volets,  Les,  2l.'!i. 

Vonshiner,  TIkuiuis,  1066. 

Voorhees,  Daniel  AV.,  L'7li,  Dl'O. 


AV  abash. 


-,  960. 


AVabasha,  (!78. 

A\'adde,  David,  1067. 

AVaddengton,  John,  1066. 

Waggoner,  Peter,  1066. 

Walen,  Barney,  85(1. 

■\Vallver,  John,"  842,  1061. 

Wallver,  Thomas,  849. 

Walker's  Jlill,  178. 

Wall,  John,  585,  608. 

Wallabout  Bay,  613. 

Wallace,  Caleb,  1059. 

Wallace,  David,  1066. 

Wallace,  Judge,  801. 

A\'allace,  IMrs.  William  S.,  951. 

AValls,  Slajor,  781. 

A\'alnut  Hill,  288. 

Walters,  Barnabaj-,  1034. 

W.-'Iers,  Lewis,  1066. 

Walz,  George,  1066. 

Ward,  Lewis,  1066. 

Ward,  Thomas,  1066. 

Warren's,  583. 

Warren's  island,  571. 

Warrior's  island,  303,  307, 311, 315,  324, 

385,  527,  530,  571. 
Warsaw,  693. 
Washington,  George,  59,  .581,  632,  6:;  1, 

637,  638,  639,  642,  653,  655,  656,  704, 

713,  716,  730,  740,  867,  963  note,  993. 
Washington,  AVarner,  963. 
Washington,  178. 
Waters,   Richard   Jones,    1117,    1118, 

1119. 
Watliins,  Captain  Charles  G.,  581 ,  582. 
Watlcins,  Samuel,  365  note,  585,  85(\ 

1118,  1119. 
Watson,  1122. 
Wayne,  Anthony,  822,  947. 
Wayne  campaign,  144  note,  180. 
Wea Towns,  204,  370, 512,  549,  552, 675, 

see  Ouiatanon. 
Weaugh,  The,  510,  511,  554. 
Webb,  George  H.,  895. 
AVeedon,  Colonel,  1003. 
Weight,  William,  1066. 
Welch,  Dominique,  850. 
Welch  Indians,  510. 
Wells,  Samuel,  751. 
Wells,  William,  144. 
Wemate,  J.  B.,  1066. 


West  Augusta,  395,  413,  1031. 

A\'est,  Charles,  1055. 

AVest,  John,  1066. 

AVestein  Courier,  888. 

AVestern  Sun,  791,  995. 

AVestham,  702. 

AVeshiver,  702. 

AVest  Point,  Ky.,  977. 

AVest  Point,  N.'  Y.,  634,  641. 

AA'etlu-rs.  Beujanjin,  10(;6. 

Wharton,  William  F.,  770. 

AVheat,  Jacob,  1066. 

AVheel,  Jacob,  1066. 

AVheeler,  John,  1066. 

AVheeling,  62,  64, 123,  128,  470,  714,  717, 

718,  722,  723,  725,  732,  1031,  1032. 
AA'heeling  creek,  62,  260. 
AMiitacre,  David,  1066. 
AA'hite,  Charles,  82,  4(i4,  579. 
AVhite  Indians,  970. 
AA'hite,  Layton,  8.50. 
AVhite,  Randall,  850,  1119. 
AVhite,  Randolph,  1061. 
AVhite  river,  280,  365,  438,  520,  533,  551. 
AVhit€,  AVilliam,  1066. 
AVhitecotton,  James,  850,  967,  1119. 
AVhitehead,  Robert,  850,  1119. 
AA'hitehead,  William,  8.50,  1119. 
AA'hiting,  Elizabeth  'Thruston,  1(13. 

Whitley, ,  581. 

AVhitlev,  AViUiam,  8.)0,  952.  1119. 

AA'hitley's  Station,  954. 

AA'hitten,  Daniel,  1066. 

AViekliffe,  Robert,  253. 

Wickoff,  AVilliam,!  119. 

AA'iggin's  Point,  9/1. 

AVilkinson,  William,  1066. 

AA'illiam,  Jari-ed,  1119. 

AA'illiams,  Daniel,  850. 

AA'illiams,  David,  9i;0. 

AA'illiams,  Ensign,  373. 

Williams,  George,  1066. 

Williams,  James,  736. 

Wilhams,  Jarrott,  841. 

Williams,  John,  202,  279,  298,  349,  373, 

374,  386,  398,  541,  546,  571,  575,  576, 

607,  608.  690,  840. 
AVilliams,  John,  842. 
AVilliams,  Zachariah,  1066. 
AVilliams  &  Co.,  Thomas,  274. 
Williamsburg,  72,  75,  87,  94,  106,  160, 

172,  175,  243,  280,  383,  441,  459,  461, 

463,  468,  575,  676,  583,  609,  615,  618, 

619,  651,  656,  991. 
Willing   (AVillings),    Captain   James, 

298,  .366,  399,  570,  576,  638,  649,  650. 
Willing,  The,  280,  349,  354,  367,  391,436, 

568,  575,  577. 
Wilson,  Benjamin,  830. 


iiS6 


INDEX. 


Wilsdn,  Edward,  S^O. 

Wilson,  Elizabeth,  see  Elizabeth  Clark. 

WilHon,  General,  658. 

Wilson,  Hugh,  579. 

Wilson,  John,  1061. 

Wilson,  Lieutenant  Thomas   373,  841. 

Wilston,  759. 

Wilton,  Daniel,  1065,  1066. 

AVinchester,  68,  111,  654,  656,  712,  932, 

962. 
Winnipigoe  Indians,  679. 
AViiisor,  Christopher,  1066. 
Winston,  R.,  478. 
Winston,  Richard,  695,  735. 
Witherspoon,  Dr.,  949. 
AVitt,  Robert,  850. 
Wood,  Charles,  1066. 
Wood,  James,  850. 
Woodstock,  63,  991,  992. 
Woolfolk,  George,  895,  1124. 
Workman,  Conrad,  1061. 
Wortliington,  Charles,  151  note. 
Worthington,  Edward,  81,  82,  83,  145, 

146,  151,  262,  279,  298,  349,  367,  373, 

374,  386,  437,  571,  575,  577,  579,  698, 

840. 


Worthington,  Elizabeth,  151  note. 
Worthington,  Marv,  151  note. 
Worthington,  William,  279,  437. 
Worthington's  Fort,  151. 
Wray,  Thomas,  1066. 
Wright,  William,  1066. 
Wyandot  Indians,  259,  791. 
Wythe,  George,  89,  90,  91,  99,  102, 

Xenia,  942. 

Yahogania  C.  H.,  715. 

Yates,  Isaac,  850,  967. 

York,  111,  652,  657. 

Young,  Andrew,  365  note,  586. 

Young,  John,  1061. 

Young,  Thomas,  1066. 

Zackledge,  William,  850. 
Zane,  Isaac,  963. 
Zickledge,  William,  1119. 
Zimmerman,  Frederick,  1066. 
Zockledge,  William,  850.